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6. Effects of environmental tobacco smoke exposure on brain functioning in never‐smoking adolescents

Author

Dieleman, Joyce, Kleinjan, Marloes, Otten, Roy, van Schie, Hein T., Heuvelmans, Vivian, Luijten, Maartje, Leerstoel Finkenauer, Youth in Changing Cultural Contexts, Leerstoel Finkenauer, and Youth in Changing Cultural Contexts

Subjects
Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Adolescent, media_common.quotation_subject, Stress-related disorders Donders Center for Medical Neuroscience [Radboudumc 13], environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) exposure, Audiology, Electroencephalography, 050105 experimental psychology, Tobacco smoke, lcsh:RC321-571, Brain functioning, 03 medical and health sciences, Behavioral Neuroscience, All institutes and research themes of the Radboud University Medical Center, 0302 clinical medicine, Tobacco Smoking, Humans, Medicine, 0501 psychology and cognitive sciences, nicotine dependence, lcsh:Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry, Evoked Potentials, Original Research, media_common, Environmental tobacco smoke exposure, Behaviour Change and Well-being, medicine.diagnostic_test, business.industry, Addiction, Smoking, 05 social sciences, Brain maturation, Brain, Environmental Exposure, ERPs, Anticipation, Cue reactivity, Female, Tobacco Smoke Pollution, business, Developmental Psychopathology, psychological phenomena and processes, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract

Introduction Brain functioning, as indexed by event‐related potentials (ERPs) representing smoking cue reactivity, inhibitory control, and reward processing, has been found to be compromised in smokers. However, whether environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) exposure in never smokers results in similar brain changes is unknown. This question is particularly relevant during adolescence, given ongoing brain maturation and a high risk of smoking initiation. The present study tested the associations between ETS exposure and ERPs reflecting cue reactivity (P3, LPP), inhibitory control (N2, P3), and reward processing (anticipation P3 (P3), feedback‐related negativity (FRN)) among never‐smoking adolescents. Methods Eighty‐four never‐smoking adolescents (nonexposed = 32, exposed = 52) performed a smoking cue reactivity, a Go/NoGo, and a monetary incentive delay (MID) task while ERPs were measured. Results Exposed and nonexposed groups did not differ in ERPs reflecting smoking cue reactivity, inhibitory control, and reward processing. A negative correlation between ETS exposure and the anticipatory P3 suggests reduced anticipatory reward sensitivity for nondrug rewards with increased levels of ETS exposure. However, since this effect was not consistent across analyses, no strong conclusions can be formulated. In the current study, few participants reported high levels of ETS exposure; therefore, further study is necessary. Conclusions Nevertheless, from this study, it can be concluded that low‐to‐moderate exposure to ETS during adolescence does not result in functional brain changes related to smoking cue reactivity, inhibitory control, and reward processing., This study tested the associations between ETS exposure and ERPs reflecting cue reactivity (P3, LPP), inhibitory control (N2, P3), and reward processing (anticipation P3 (P3), feedback‐related negativity (FRN)) among never‐smoking adolescents.

Published
2020

9. Investigating the association between smoking, environmental tobacco smoke exposure and reward‐related brain activity in adolescent experimental smokers.

Author

Dieleman, Joyce, Sescousse, Guillaume, Kleinjan, Marloes, Otten, Roy, and Luijten, Maartje

Subjects
*TOBACCO smoke pollution, *ADOLESCENT smoking, *SMOKING, *REWARD (Psychology), *FREQUENTIST statistics, *BRAIN imaging
Abstract

Reduced anticipatory reward‐related activity, especially in the ventral striatum (VS), may underly adolescent vulnerability to develop nicotine dependence. It remains unclear whether nicotine uptake caused by environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) exposure, known to be associated with future smoking, might prompt similar changes in the brain's reward system, rendering adolescents vulnerable for development of nicotine dependence. To address this question, we tested whether current ETS exposure and monthly smoking are associated with VS hypoactivity for non‐drug rewards in experimental smoking adolescents. One‐hundred adolescents performed a monetary incentive delay task while brain activity was measured using fMRI. To test the hypothesized relationship, we used a variety of approaches: (1) a whole‐brain voxel‐wise approach, (2) an region‐of‐interest approach in the VS using frequentist and Bayesian statistics and (3) a small volume voxel‐wise approach across the complete striatum. The results converged in revealing no significant relationships between monthly smoking, ETS exposure and reward‐related brain activation across the brain or in the (ventral) striatum specifically. However, Bayesian statistics showed only anecdotal evidence for the null hypothesis in the VS, providing limited insight into the (non‐)existence of the hypothesized relationship. Based on these results, we speculate that blunted VS reward‐related activity might only occur after relatively high levels of exposure or might be associated with more long term effects of smoking. Future studies would benefit from even larger sample sizes to reliably distinguish between the null and alternative models, as well as more objective measures of (environmental) smoking via using devices such as silicone wristbands. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2022
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