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This meta-ethnography aimed to examine and thematically analyze relevant qualitative studies to create a nutrition security conceptual framework. Following the 7-step process for a meta-ethnography, we screened 6,831 studies and included eligible papers relating to nutrition security. US-based studies. 2,709 participants in 58 qualitative papers reviewed. Nutrition security. Not applicable. Two researchers independently read and extracted data from each paper. This information was then combined, and 2 investigators generated themes to determine critical constructs of nutrition security. Constructs were then combined into a conceptual model. The final conceptual framework includes 2 primary constructs (environmental circumstances and psychosocial functioning), 16 secondary constructs, and 51 tertiary constructs of nutrition security. This is the first meta-ethnography to focus on concepts related to nutrition security rather than food security. There is an overlap between our findings and the existing framework for food security, including the 6 pillars of food security and the 5 domains of food access. An improved understanding of nutrition security and the proposed conceptual framework established will help guide the development of improved nutrition security measures and interventions to improve diet quality and overall health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Due to scarce epidemiologic data regarding the Prime Diet Quality Score (PDQS) and mental health disorders, this study aimed to investigate the association of PDQS with depression and anxiety symptoms in Iranian adults. Methods: This cross-sectional analysis was performed using the baseline data collected for the Isfahan functional disorders (ISFUN) cohort study. ISFUN was established in 2017 and enrolled apparently healthy adults, aged 18–65 years in Isfahan, Iran. Information on usual dietary intakes was collected using a validated Dish-based, 106-item food frequency questionnaire. The severity of depression and anxiety was assessed using a validated Iranian version of the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. Results: A total number of1892 participants were enrolled in the present study. In total, 54.50% of subjects were female. In the fully adjusted model, participants with PDQS lower than median compared with those with PDQS higher than median had higher risk of depression (OR = 1.62; 95% CI: 1.11, 2.37) and anxiety (OR: 1.57; 95% CI: 1.08, 2.27). In stratified analysis by sex, males with PDQS lower than median compared with those with PDQS higher than median had greater risk for depressive (OR: 1.57) and anxiety symptoms (OR = 1.52). However, in females, no significant association was found between PDQS and odds of depression, and anxiety in the fully adjusted model. Conclusion: We found evidence indicating a significant inverse association between PDQS and depression and anxiety symptoms among Iranian adults. Further studies, in particular with prospective design, are required to confirm these findings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Context Diet quality is directly related to glycemic control in individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The use of dietary indices can provide a comprehensive understanding of the relationship between diet quality and clinical outcomes. Objective The aim was to evaluate the relationship between diet quality, measured using dietary indices, and its impact on improving glycemic control in individuals with T2DM through health interventions. Data Source This study was conducted using 6 databases, including Web of Science, MEDLINE (via PubMed), Embase, Bireme, Scopus, and Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), as well as the gray literature (Google Academic). Data Extraction Randomized clinical trials that evaluated the effectiveness of health interventions in adult and older adult individuals with T2DM and presented data on diet quality evaluated using dietary indices and the percentage of glycated hemoglobin (%HbA1c) were included. Data Analysis A total of 3735 articles were retrieved, 4 of which were included in the study selection stages. The quality indices assessed in the studies were the Alternate Healthy Eating Index (AHEI), Healthy Eating Index–2010 (HEI-2010), Diet Quality Index–International (DQI-I), and Diet Quality Index–Revised (DQI-R). A reduction in %HbA1c was observed in 2 studies, which correlated with the AHEI and DQI-I scores in the intervention groups. The approach of using food labels to improve diet quality reduced %HbA1c by 0.08% in the intervention group compared with the control group. Only 1 study found no significant association between the DQI-R index and %HbA1c. Additionally, negative correlations were observed between body weight and the AHEI and DQI-I scores. Conclusion Health interventions improved diet quality, glycemic control, and weight loss in individuals with T2DM. Systematic Review Registration PROSPERO no. CRD42023430036. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Food neophobia, the fear of trying new foods, may reduce dietary variety, posing risks for nutritional deficiencies. This study examined the links between food neophobia, dietary quality, and diversity among Turkish young adults. A cross-sectional study with 949 participants (470 males, 479 females) aged 18–35 years used the Food Neophobia Scale (FNS) and a 24-h dietary recall to assess food intake. Dietary diversity score (DDS), food variety score (FVS), mean adequacy ratio (MAR), and healthy eating index (HEI-2015) were calculated. The mean neophobia score was 37.07 ± 12.17, with 13.4% high, 67.9% average, and 18.8% low neophobia. The average neophobia group had higher diet quality scores (MAR, DDS, FVS) than the low and high neophobia groups (p < 0.01). Positive relationships with food neophobia were found for niacin, calcium, zinc, plant protein, and cholesterol (p < 0.05). These findings suggest that food neophobia may affect dietary quality variably, with certain micronutrients positively linked to it. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background/Objectives: A healthy diet in early childhood has been shown to be one of the essential mainstays for the development of children. Few studies have been conducted on preschool canteens, despite the fact that they play a crucial role. Our study aimed to assess the dietary and nutritional quality of the menus served in Spanish Defense Ministry preschool education centers (1–3 years old) and to ascertain their compliance with dietary and nutritional recommendations. We also evaluated the influence of the canteen management model. Methods: Our cross-sectional observational study was carried out on the 448 menus offered in the 25 centers (operating under two management models: direct and contracted) of the Spanish Ministry of Defense during a school year all across the Spanish territory. Results: Under the contracted management model, the frequency of rice was low, as well as that of salads, eggs, fish, and fruit. The rotation within the fish group did not comply with recommendations, showing a shortage of oily fish. The menus' energy values were correct, but the energy profile in the contracted management menus was higher than recommended in protein and fat while being lower in carbohydrates. The lipid profile was adequate. Values were high in cholesterol, simple sugars, fiber, vitamin K, selenium, potassium, and sodium; they were deficient in omega-3 fatty acids, vitamin D, iodine, and zinc. Conclusions: These results could help to establish special references or limits for the Spanish preschool population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction/Objectives: Since the COVID-19 pandemic, few studies have examined how participation in Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) and/or Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) impacts diet quality in families with young children. This study aims to explore the association between SNAP and/or WIC participation and diet quality in mother-child dyads in Greater Boston, MA. Methods: A mixed-method approach involving cross-sectional surveys and in-depth interviews were utilized. Participants included 69 mother-child dyads for quantitative and 18 mothers for qualitative data collection. Analysis of covariance using generalized linear models was employed to compare differences in Healthy Eating Index-2015 (HEI-2015) scores based on SNAP and/or WIC participation, and thematic analysis was used for coding themes. Results: Mothers who participated in SNAP and/or WIC were more from lower socioeconomic backgrounds. After adjusting for age, race/ethnicity, and education, no significant differences in diet quality were found for both mothers and their children. However, qualitative results showed that mothers prioritized their children's nutrition, used benefits to buy fruits and vegetables, and experienced stress that impacted their own diet quality. Conclusions: Since the pandemic, SNAP and WIC appeared to support families experiencing socioeconomic disadvantage (e.g., lower income and educational attainment) to improve diet quality, particularly through increased access to fruits and vegetables. However, these programs have not fully eliminated persistent disparities in diet quality, which seems to continue even the pandemic's immediate effects have subsided. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Understanding former professional football players' engagement with health-promoting behaviors (physical exercise, high-quality diet, and good sleep hygiene) will be helpful for developing lifestyle interventions to improve their feelings of well-being, a relatively understudied facet of health among this population. Examine associations among health-promoting behaviors and subjective outcomes related to well-being among former National Football League (NFL) players. Cross-sectional. Online or hard-copy survey. Former NFL players. Self-reported health-promoting behaviors (exercise frequency, diet quality, and sleep duration and disturbance) and factors related to well-being (Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System - Meaning and Purpose [MP], Self-Efficacy, and Ability to Participate in Social Roles and Activities [SRA]). Multivariable linear regression models were fit for each well-being-related factor with health-promoting behaviors as explanatory variables alongside select demographic, behavioral, and functional covariates. Models were fit for the full sample and separately for individual age groups: <30 years, 30 to 39 years, 40 to 49 years, 50 to 59 years, 60 to 69 years, and 70+ years. A total of 1784 former NFL players (aged 52.3 ± 16.3 years) completed the survey. Lower sleep disturbance was associated with better MP (β [standard error] = –0.196 [0.024]), Self-Efficacy (β [standard error] = –0.185 [0.024]), and SRA (β [standard error]= –0.137 [0.017]) in the full sample and almost all the individual age groups. More frequent moderate-to-vigorous exercise was associated with higher MP (β [standard error] = 0.068 [0.025]) and SRA (β [standard error] = 0.151 [0.065]) in the full sample and with better MP, Self-Efficacy, and SRA among select middle-aged groups (between 40 and 69 years old). Diet quality, resistance training exercise frequency, other wellness activity frequency, and sleep duration were not associated with well-being-related factors in the full group, and sparse significant associations were observed in individual age group models. Lower sleep disturbance and more frequent moderate-to-vigorous exercise frequency may be important targets for improving overall health and well-being among former NFL players. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Mounting evidence has shown that incarceration can affect the health and well-being of individuals and increase the risk of noncommunicable diseases (NCDs). Diet quality is known to be one of the main determinants of risk of NCDs, and dietary changes are the first approach used in primary care to reduce the incidence of NCDs. Objective This scoping review aimed to summarize the evidence for (1) the diet quality of inmates, and (2) the effect of nutritional intervention in prison systems. In addition, we aimed to describe limitations in the current literature and to suggest potential future research areas. Method A systematic search was performed in 2 databases (PubMed and Web of Science) using predefined search terms and covering the period May 2023 to June 2023. Additionally, reference lists from the retrieved studies were hand-searched to identify any additional relevant publications. The identified literature was screened based on defined search strategies, criteria, and research questions defined using the PICo (population or problem, interest, and context) framework. The review was conducted referring to the PRISMA-ScR and the PICo framework. Results A total of 19 studies out of 63 initially identified records were included in this review (11 cross-sectional evaluations and 9 intervention-based studies). In almost all studies, assessment of the diet quality of menus showed the menus to be nutritionally adequate, except for having a higher-than-recommended intake of total energy, saturated fatty acids, sodium, cholesterol, and sugar. In addition, some studies reported a lower-than-recommended intake of fiber, magnesium, potassium, vitamins D, E, and A, and omega-3 fatty acids. Nutritional interventions were mainly planned in the form of workshops, seminars, and written material to deliver information on healthy dietary choices. Although no significant changes in inmates' dietary choices were observed in any of the studies, a high participation rate was detected. Conclusion Inmates might require additional prevention intervention to reduce their susceptibility to cardiometabolic diseases by virtue of their isolation from community facilities. Interventions should be tailored to the characteristics of prison settings and inmates to increase adherence to nutritional recommendations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Adverse life experiences are associated with an increased risk of mental disorders. The successful adaptation to adversity and maintenance or quick restoration of mental health despite adversity is referred to as resilience. Identifying factors that promote resilience can contribute to the prevention of mental disorders. Lifestyle behaviors, increasingly recognized for their impact on mental health, are discussed as potential resilience factors. Several studies found that healthy eating and physical activity (PA) are positively associated with resilience. However, most of these studies assessed resilience through questionnaires, which is unsatisfactory given that resilience research is moving toward conceptualizing resilience as the outcome of a dynamic process, which can only be assessed prospectively and longitudinally. The present study is the first to assess the relationship between diet quality, PA, sedentary behavior (SB), and resilience, captured prospectively and longitudinally in a sample of 145 individuals (75.17% female; Mage = 28.88, SDage = 7.80; MBMI = 24.11, SDBMI = 3.97). Resilience was assessed as the relationship between stressor exposure and mental health (i.e., the stressor reactivity score: higher scores indicate lower resilience and vice versa). Diet quality (i.e., the Healthy Eating Index) was assessed on the basis of app-based food records and 24-hr dietary recalls. PA and SB were objectively recorded through accelerometers. Regression analysis showed that neither diet quality nor PA and SB predicted resilience (ps >.30). Profound differences in the conceptualization and operationalization of resilience might explain the contrary findings. Prospective longitudinal studies are needed to replicate the findings of the present study. Public Significance Statement: Adversity increases the risk of mental disorders. Favorable lifestyle behaviors, such as eating healthy and engaging in physical activity, may facilitate the successful adaptation to adversity and thereby promote resilience, whereas unfavorable lifestyle behaviors, such as sedentary behavior (SB), may hamper adaptation and reduce resilience. The present study found, however, that diet quality, physical activity, and SB were not associated with resilience when assessed as a dynamically changing outcome as opposed to as a stable trait captured through resilience questionnaires in previous studies. These findings suggest that diet, physical activity, and SB may not facilitate or hamper the adaptation process to adversity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Healthy diets are believed to be associated with a reduced risk of experiencing common mental disorders (CMDs) and related symptomatology (such as ruminative thinking), and with healthier brain chemistry and structure, especially in the frontal regions implicated in CMDs, cognitive control, and food choice. Nevertheless, there is very limited research on the relationship between diet health/quality and brain function. In this study we assessed the associations between adherence to the Mediterranean diet and resting state functional connectivity (rs-FC) of the prefrontal cortex (PFC) with the whole brain and whether this connectivity would be associated with ruminative thinking as a transdiagnostic factor for CMDs. Methods: Thirty-seven adults (Mean Age = 25.57, SD = 7.18) completed the Mediterranean Diet Adherence Screener (MEDAS) and were classified into high- and low-quality diet groups and completed the Ruminative Response Scale. All participants underwent resting-state functional MRI (fMRI) to determine whole-brain rs-FC of the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC). Results: Participants in the high MEDAS group (vs. low MEDAS group) exhibited significantly greater rs-FC of the mPFC seed with the thalamus, caudate and putamen. Additionally, the strength of rs-FC of the mPFC seed with these regions was positively associated with the MEDAS scores across groups in both crude and adjusted models. There were no significant associations between the strength of rs-FC of the mPFC seed with the cluster of voxels with the thalamus, caudate, and putamen and ruminative thinking. Discussion: This work shows that healthy dietary patterns are associated with rs-FC in the frontal-subcortical circuitry in healthy volunteers. Considering the implications of the dysregulation of this circuity, adhering to healthy dietary patterns may offer a promising alternative/complementary method to improve CMDs, cognitive control, and food choices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: Food price is a determining factor in food choice which affect diet quality accordingly. However, the association between food price and diet quality has not been thoroughly discussed among Chinese adults. This study aimed to analyze the association of daily energy-adjusted dietary costs (CNY/2000 kcal) and diet quality among Chinese adults. Methods: A total of 680 Chinese adults aged above 25 years from Henan province were investigated in 2020. Three indices were adopted for evaluating diet quality: the nutrient-rich foods 9.2 (NRF 9.2) index for evaluating nutrient density, the mean adequacy ratio (MAR) for evaluating nutrient adequacy, energy density (ED) based on solid foods only for evaluating energy density. The daily energy-adjusted diet cost was calculated by dividing the estimated daily diet costs (CNY/day) by the energy intake per day (kcal/day) and multiplying the result by 2000. Results: Subjects who closely adhered to the NRF9.2, MAR, and ED paid ¥8.92, ¥13.17, and ¥14.34 more for daily food consumption, respectively, than those who weakly adhered to these dietary patterns did. Furthermore, multiple linear regression analysis adjusted covariance revealed that an increase in ¥1 of the energy-adjusted diet cost per day was associated with changes of 0.494 units (P < 0.001), 0.003 units (P < 0.001), and − 0.018 units (P < 0.001) in the NRF9.2, MAR, and ED, respectively. Conclusion: Higher energy-adjusted diet cost was associated with higher quality diets. This might be important for public health policies to develop strategies to promote healthy diets by regulating food supply and its costs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Food insecurity is a growing public health concern, particularly among vulnerable groups such as adolescents, and it has been linked to poor nutritional outcomes and increased risk of chronic diseases. The Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) is recognized for its numerous health benefits, yet few studies have explored the association between food insecurity and adherence to the MedDiet among adolescents, especially in Mediterranean regions. Objective: This study aimed to investigate the association between food insecurity and adherence to the MedDiet in a sample of adolescents from Spain. Methods: Data were acquired from 2021–2022 school years from adolescents aged 12–17 years enrolled in different secondary schools in Valle de Ricote, Region of Murcia, Spain. Food security was assessed via the Spanish Child Food Security Survey Module (CFSSM-S), and adherence to the MedDiet was assessed via the Mediterranean Diet Quality Index for Children and Adolescents (KIDMED). A total of 836 participants were involved, and statistical analyses were conducted via linear regression models adjusted for lifestyle, anthropometric, and sociodemographic covariates. Results: After adjusting for potential confounders, the mean KIDMED score was 7.0 (95% confidence interval [CI] 6.7 to 7.2) in the food-security group, 6.8 (95% CI 6.3 to 7.3) in the low-security group, and 5.9 (95% CI 4.9 to 6.9) in the very-low-security group. Notable differences were observed between participants with food security and their counterparts with very low food security (p = 0.040). Compared with those with food security (57.2%, 95% CI 51.5% to 62.8%), a significantly greater likelihood of having nonoptimal adherence to the MedDiet was identified in adolescents with low food security (61.6%, 95% CI 50.4% to 71.8%) and in those with very low food security (77.4%, 95% CI 54.5% to 90.7%). We identified a significant difference only between adolescents with food security and their peers with very low food security (p = 0.036). Conclusions: The findings suggest that very low food security negatively impacts MedDiet adherence in adolescents. Compared with their food-secure peers, adolescents with very low food security showed significantly poorer diet quality. These results highlight the importance of addressing food insecurity through low-cost, high-nutrition programs aimed at improving healthy eating habits, particularly for children and adolescents living in low-food-security households. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background/Objectives: Ultramarathon runners exceed the physical activity guidelines and in doing so are constantly exposed to physical and metabolic demands, requiring strategic dietary practices to support training, performance, and recovery. This study aimed to assess the diet quality and nutrient intake in runners enrolled in an Australian-based ultramarathon. Methods: A 3-day food diary was collected using the Australian smartphone application 'Easy Diet Diary' during both peak and taper periods. Macronutrient and micronutrient intakes were analysed using the AUSNUT 2011–2013 food composition database within the Foodworks professional software, and diet quality was evaluated using the Healthy Eating Index for Australians (HEIFA-2013). Results: A total of 26 runners participated in the study. The results revealed that, although runners met or exceeded protein recommendations, their carbohydrate intake fell short of endurance-specific guidelines, whilst total dietary fat intake exceeded recommendations (excluding long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids). Diet quality scores averaged 63.1 out of 100, reflecting moderate alignment with dietary recommendations. Fruit, vegetable, and wholegrain food groups were inadequately consumed. Conclusions: The findings indicate that ultramarathon runners who easily exceed physical activity recommendations, may paradoxically consume suboptimal diets, characterized by insufficient intake of core food groups such as whole grains and fruits, alongside excessive consumption of discretionary items. This dietary pattern may not only elevate their risk of chronic disease but also impair optimal performance by compromising recovery and adaptation to training. Further research is warranted to better understand the dietary behaviors and nutritional needs of this population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background/Objectives: Food prices are a crucial factor in food choices, especially for more vulnerable populations. To estimate the association between diet cost and quality, as measured by the EAT-Lancet score, across demographic groups in Brazil. Methods: Data from the 2017/18 Household Budget Survey were used to calculate the EAT-Lancet score, comprising 14 components. Scores ranged from 0 (low adherence) to 42 (high adherence), with emphasized components (e.g., vegetables, fruits, legumes) and limited components (e.g., red meat, sugar, eggs). Results were stratified by per capita income, geographic region, and area of residence and compared using linear regression adjusted for high and low costs. In addition, the association between the EAT-Lancet score (and its emphasized and limited components) and diet cost (continuous) was analyzed for the total population and for income tertiles. Results: The mean EAT-Lancet score was 18.65 points (range: 7 to 25) and the mean diet cost was BRL$0.65/100 kcal. Total scores showed no significant difference between low- and high-cost diets. However, limited intake was more pronounced in low-cost diets, while high-cost diets featured emphasized foods such as fruits, vegetables, and seafood. High-cost diets also included sugars and red meat, while unsaturated fats scored higher in low-cost diets. Each one-point increase in the EAT-Lancet score was associated with a BRL$0.38 reduction in cost, driven by lower costs in the Limited component, especially among the lowest-income strata (reductions of BRL$1.58 and BRL$1.55 in the lowest income and middle income tertiles, respectively). However, higher scores for emphasized foods increased costs (BRL$0.89) in the lowest tertile. Conclusions: Higher EAT-Lancet scores were associated with reduced diet costs, likely influenced by the lower Limited component costs in low-income groups. Emphasized foods, however, tended to increase costs, particularly among the lowest-income group. These findings suggest that the role of diet composition plays a significant role in cost differences and underscore the challenges that low-income groups face in accessing affordable, healthy diets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background/Objectives: Food deserts are areas characterized by limited access to affordable and healthy food, often due to significant distances from supermarkets—exceeding 1.6 km in urban areas and 16 km in rural settings. These spatial limitations exacerbate health and socioeconomic disparities. This study aimed to assess diet quality and explore the barriers influencing dietary behaviors among individuals aged 60 and older residing in food deserts in Aragón, Spain. Methods: An exploratory qualitative study using a phenomenological approach was conducted, complemented by descriptive analyses of sociodemographic data and adherence to the Mediterranean diet, assessed through the PREDIMED questionnaire. Data were collected through in-depth interviews and a focus group with residents of food deserts. Results: Half of the participants showed high adherence to the Mediterranean diet, while the other half had moderate adherence. Despite the lack of access to supermarkets and higher food costs, many participants perceived their diet quality positively. Challenges, such as long distances to stores, limited public transport, and economic constraints, were mitigated through strategies like home gardening, hunting, and traditional cooking, which often reduced reliance on processed foods. However, participants also reported increased alcohol consumption as a means of socializing. Conclusions: Diet quality in Aragón's food deserts reflects a balance between significant access barriers and community-driven resources. While participants leveraged local strategies to maintain diet quality, systemic issues remain. Public policies should focus on improving transportation, enhancing local food systems, and fostering community-based initiatives to reduce inequalities in food access and promote healthier dietary habits in rural areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Diet significantly impacts the onset and progression of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), and diet offers unique opportunities for treatment and preventative purposes. However, despite growing interest, no diet has been conclusively associated with improved long-term clinical and endoscopic outcomes in IBD, and evidence-based dietary guidelines for IBD remain scarce. This narrative review critically examines dietary assessment methods tailored to the unique needs of IBD, highlighting opportunities for precision and inclusivity. Methods: We conducted a comprehensive literature review using search terms related to diet, diet assessment, nutrition, food, sex, gender, equity, and IBD. Results: The identified dietary assessment tools evaluated nutritional quality, dietary patterns, food processing, lifestyle interactions, inflammatory potential, and effects of specific nutrients. Advanced methods, including biomarkers, multi-omics approaches, and digital tools, were highlighted as being complementary to traditional approaches, offering enhanced precision and real-time monitoring. Women remain under-represented in dietary research but face unique nutritional needs due to hormonal cycles, pregnancy, and higher malnutrition risks in IBD. Discussion: Traditional diet assessment methods remain valuable but are often limited by misreporting biases. Advanced approaches may provide greater precision, enabling real-time monitoring and personalised dietary tracking. Incorporating considerations of sex, gender, age, ethnicity, socioeconomic, and sustainability enhances the relevance and applicability of these methods. Addressing these multifaceted aspects of dietary assessment in IBD can facilitate robust interventional trials. Conclusions: Diet assessment tools are essential for developing personalised dietary interventions in IBD, informing evidence-based guidelines, and improving health outcomes and quality of life in IBD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background/Objectives: Inadequate micronutrient intakes are common in individuals with overweight/obesityand can exacerbate cardiovascular and metabolic disease risk. Diet and exercise are primary strategies for managing overweight and may influence nutrient intakes. In this secondary analysis of dietary data collected in a randomized controlled trial (RCT, ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT04019860), 15 June 2019) of time-restricted eating (TRE), high-intensity interval training (HIIT), a combination (TREHIIT), or a control group (CON), we investigated intervention effects on energy and nutrient intakes in women with overweight/obesity. Methods: We randomized 131 women (body mass index (BMI) ≥ 27 kg/m2) to 7 weeks of TRE (≤10-h daily eating window with ad libitum energy intake), HIIT (3 sessions/week, performed at ≥90% maximal heart rate), TREHIIT, or CON. Participants recorded all energy intake in an online food diary during a baseline week (week 0) and at the end of the study (week 6 and week 7). We investigated between-group differences in changes in mean energy, macronutrient, and micronutrient intakes. Results: TRE had reduced intakes of potassium, magnesium, and phosphorus compared with CON (p < 0.01). TREHIIT had non-significant reduced intakes of potassium, thiamine, magnesium, copper, and phosphorus (0.01< p < 0.05). HIIT alone did not negatively impact micronutrient intakes. TRE and TREHIIT induced suboptimal intakes for a greater number of micronutrients compared with HIIT and CON. Conclusions: A ≤10-h TRE window might increase the risk of micronutrient inadequacy in women with overweight/obesity. Future research is needed to investigate the effects of integrating nutritional guidelines with TRE interventions to mitigate the risk of micronutrient inadequacy in individuals with overweight/obesity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]