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One of the most significant differences of M5 over previous forecasting competitions is that it was held on Kaggle, an online platform for data scientists and machine learning practitioners. Kaggle provides a gathering place, or virtual community, for web users who are interested in the M5 competition. Users can share code, models, features, and loss functions through online notebooks and discussion forums. Here, we study the social influence of this virtual community on user behavior in the M5 competition. We first research the content of the M5 virtual community by topic modeling and trend analysis. Further, we perform social media analysis to identify the potential relationship network of the virtual community. We study the roles and characteristics of some key participants who promoted the diffusion of information within the M5 virtual community. Overall, this study provides in-depth insights into the mechanism of the virtual community’s influence on the participants and has potential implications for future online competitions.

Utvrđivanje mehanizma organizacije i širenja informacija, prema konceptualnom okviru Informacijskog prostora (Boisot, 1995), nudi ključne sastavnice kvalitete upravljanja znanjem na visokoškolskoj ustanovi. Navedenim okvirom istražuju se odnosi između postojećih struktura znanja te mogućnosti protoka informacija unutar konteksta visokog školstva. Okosnica rada je identifikacija potrebnih preduvjeta difuzije informacija i znanja za potrebe visokoškolskih institucija, kao i same transmisije istih s obzirom na zaposlenike institucije. Kroz istraživanje utvrđuju se mehanizmi difuzije eksplicitnih i implicitnih informacija, uz prethodnu provjeru potrebnih preduvjeta identifikacije, kodifikacije i apstrakcije. Istraživanje je sprovedeno kvalitativnom i kvantitativnom metodologijom kroz dva dijela: analize javnog internet prostora i anketiranjem akademskog dijela zaposlenika. Dobivenim rezultatima utvrđena je razina difuzije, odnosno širenja informacija kroz instituciju, ovisno o razini apstrakcije i kodifikacije, kao i identifikacija čimbenika učinkovitog protoka kodificiranih informacija u svrhu učinkovitosti zaposlenika. Istraživanje je potvrdilo da dvije pretpostavke modela Informacijskog prostora, mogu biti primjenjive u kontekstu akademskog prostora. Time visoka razina kodifikacije i apstrakcije informacija osigurava veću difuziju informacija u akademskom prostoru institucije, dok s druge strane jačina same difuzije ovisi o veličini ciljane populacije. Ovim radom potvrđena je održivost modela Informacijskog prostora u visokoškolskom okruženju, prema kojem više i bolje strukturirani podaci ubrzavaju transmisiju i difuziju informacija. Kako bi ostvarili dobru strukturu podataka potrebno je povećati kodificiranost i apstrakciju, što uvjetuje bolju klasifikaciju dokumenata te redukciju broja kategorija. Kao poseban doprinos proširenju postojećeg modela identificirani su određeni čimbenici koji mogu potaknuti učinkovit protok informacija u svrhu bolje učinkovitosti zaposlenika. Given the huge production of information and knowledge in higher education institutions, it is necessary to dynamically adapt the up-to-date, relevance and accessibility of this information. The question may be whether there is a sufficient amount of relevant information and knowledge available within a higher education institution, which is available through different forms of transmission. The website of higher education provides a starting point for access, communication and dissemination of information to both the general public and to all those who make up the higher education system. It can be seen as an explicit academic space for information, hence its role has multiple meanings. As a starting point for all stakeholders in higher education, from students and teachers, through administration and management, to the general public. Diffusion, i.e. dissemination, knowledge and information, as its ultimate goal, to the benefit of users, is to find relevant and usable knowledge. In the context of an academic website, this refers, inter alia, to easy movement to a location, either through content categories or through in-house links, which ensures better user experience, longer retention of visitors and greater certainty in the identification of relevant institutional information. Given the openness of the academic website to a wide range of users, as well as the large amount of information content, the level of data structuring and the abstraction of content affects the quality of such a website. It is by exploring the structuring and abstraction of data on the school’s website whether and in what way diffusion has materialised. The conceptual framework of the Information Space model (Boisot,1995) is based on the assertion that structuring the data facilitates its diffusion, i.e. dissemination in the information space. The model is represented by a three-dimensional cube format where the dimensions of the information range from non-codified to codified; from specific to abstract; from non-diffuse to diffuse. This model is unique in that it has an in-built social learning cycle, which shows the dynamic flow of information in the space. The cycle is divided into six steps of information and knowledge management from searching, identification, codification, abstraction, diffusion, absorption and incorporation (Boisot,1995; Dalkir, 2011). The steps of the social learning cycle are included in this model so that they form a curve within a cube, where each dimension of the cube is linked to a specific cycle. The codification dimension is linked to the categorisation and classification of information. The abstraction dimension is linked to the creation of knowledge through analysis and understanding, in order to achieve generalisation. The diffusion dimension is linked to the dissemination of access to and transmission of previously abstracted information, where information and communication technologies aim to ensure, through access and transmission, the smooth flow of information. The six-step cycle presents in its integrity a way of knowledge and as such can be compared with the concept of information literacy, which, according to Lloyd, consists of a range of activities and skills relating to structured and embodied knowledge, and context-relevant ways of knowledge (Lloyd, 2017). The definition of the mechanism of organisation and dissemination of information, according to the described conceptual framework of the Information Space, offers key components of the quality of knowledge management at the higher education institution. This puts at the heart of the work the identification of the necessary prerequisites for the diffusion of information and knowledge for the needs of higher education institutions, as well as the transmission of the same to the staff of the institution. The aim of the work is to identify the mechanisms for diffusion of explicit and implicit information, by checking the necessary pre-conditions of identification, codification and abstraction. This determines the level of dissemination of information through the organisation depending on the level of abstraction and codification. Two research questions were asked which reveal how to build different information domains, as a pre-requisite for diffusion: 1. Determine the way and form of building information domains through personal and institutional levels, i.e. through formal and informal groupings. 2. Explore the diffusion of explicit and implicit information through the communication channels of formal and informal groups. The Information Space model contains two assumptions, which have not been verified in the context of the academic space so far. The first premiss is that a high level of codification and abstraction of information in the space provides greater diffusion, while the second the higher the target population of diffusion is weaker, i.e. information is less widespread in space. With regard to model assumptions and research questions, two alternative hypotheses have been drawn: 1. A high level of codification and abstraction of information ensures greater diffusion of information in the institution’s academic space. 2. The larger the target population, the weaker the information diffusion is. The theoretical part of the work uses a descriptive method to explain the basic starting points of work, and the elements relevant to the organisation of information and knowledge. The research section, using a double methodology through qualitative and quantitative analysis, asks for an answer to the research questions raised, i.e. whether there are prerequisites for building the information domain and their diffusion. The prerequisites relate to identification, codification and abstraction within four contexts: personal, institutional, formal and informal groups. The sample represents the academic space of public higher education institutions, where public higher education institutions have been selected to offer studies in the field of social and technical sciences in their programme, and there are seven in Croatia. By analysing the public space, the website of selected public universities is looking for answers to the questions of findability and accessibility of information, and how to organise the available content. In doing so, we also explore the quantity and quality of information relevant to employees. On the basis of the quantitative data collected from the public website, a qualitative evaluation of codification and abstraction has been carried out, as the basic prerequisites for diffusion of information. In addition, the diffusion itself, i.e. the distribution of information, was investigated. The data collection tool’s direct insight method investigated the structuring and distribution of content on the website. The data collection tool was a template to explore the structuring of the data and the diffusion of information. It first collected possible indicators from the analysis of previous surveys (Pinto, EtAll, 2007, 2009) and was adapted to the context of this survey. Those who best present the structuring and diffusion of information were selected. The results of the survey identified too many categories on initial foreigners, which lack sufficient abstraction, i.e. do not exclude each other, leading to inconsistencies and ambiguity, and reduce the intensity of diffusion. The codification criterion throughout the sample shall have a minimum achievement of 48.57 %, with the weakest classification characteristics of documents and a large number of subcategories. Each school in the sample has its own division although all of them are public, covering the same fields of science. When asking for information in more than one school, there may be misunderstanding, as the categories have multiple sub-categories, which are not located within the same category, thus also reducing ease of use. Information relating to the same subject matter (they may not be identical) is also found in several themes, leading to a general fragmentation and frustration of users in their desire to find complete information on a particular item. Boisot (1995) points out that the lower the amount of data required for the description of the subject matter, the higher the degree of encoding is, he considers that the codification creates perceptive and conceptual categories by facilitating the classification of phenomena. The abstraction criterion has a maximum intra-sample coverage of 69.14 %, mainly related to the substantive value of texts, comprehensibility as well as the use of consistent terminology. It is precisely the characteristics of the clarity of the text and the use of the same terms within the categories that contain the highest number of points for this criterion. It is generally accepted that a higher level of abstraction, where coding has its place, involves a deeper understanding and understanding of phenomena, phenomena and things (Boisot, 1995). The diffusion criterion should reflect the functionality of the two previous codification and abstraction criteria, i.e. the higher their values are, as a result, diffusion is better represented. Diffusion, as a result of the fulfilment of the first two criteria, lies around the middle, i.e. at 56 %, which corresponds to a ‘intermediately satisfactory’ rating. The overall codification, abstraction and diffusion result for the whole sample shows that the ratio of codification (48.6 %) and abstraction (69.1 %) has a difference of 20 % in favour of abstraction. We can therefore assume that the abstraction of web-based content according to this sample is about 20 % better achieved than codification. In view of this, the diffusion output is lower and is 55.7 % for the whole sample. We can hereby confirm the first assumption of model I-space: In view of the overall results of the analysis, we can confirm the first assumption set out in the I-space model, within the context of the higher schools covered by this sample, where the intensity of information diffusion in space depends on the intensity of codification and abstraction of information. A survey of academic staff aims to discover how staff find the information they need, whether they are able to identify them quickly and easily, where they find them, and ultimately how they organise knowledge at a personal level. The purpose of the questionnaire is therefore to explore the way in which information is identified and organised, communication channels and groups of information obtained, as well as the comprehensibility or abstractity of the information available to academic staff. Academics mainly search information via menu, which the previous analysis of the website has shown to be one of the potential problems in finding information, due to the high number of menus. Furthermore, most of them consider that the information is understandable and clearly distributed within menus and sub-menus, which may indicate a sufficiently clear categorisation, even though the very content of what appears in the sub-electors does not tie to or notice the name. The internet and the institution’s intranet of the place where information is most accessible, solutions such as cloud technologies are inaccessible to more respondents. The most used information is in the personal domain, including for example news, announcements and events, links to closed teaching content, such as LMS and intranet, and institution-related information. While most respondents consider that there is a need to agree on the categories and timing of information on the public website, which may be the result of some dissatisfaction with the current situation, on the other hand, more than half of respondents express neutrality or satisfaction about how the information is organised. Similarly, the logic of the distribution of information on the website does not correspond to what is organised by the private information themselves, and it would be possible and difficult to reach an agreement on the organisation of the content and information that most suit most. The analysis of the pages indicated too many menus, however, the results within this sample indicate that this number is within the eligibility of half of the surveyed. In the end, the overall presentation of the information on the public site is confirmed by a good and very good information organisation. The questionnaire ultimately reveals which communication channels are effective in a particular context of work, which can be seen as searching for and sharing information, and falls within the concept of diffusion. Indeed, if the information is well channelled by the sender, only searching and identification is part of that process, but also as the ultimate aim of the recipient. Given the characteristics of certain communication channels, it is possible to determine whether it is a narrower or broader population, and to assess whether the diffusion criteria are met. For the verification of the intensity of diffusion through the modalities of communication within the search activity and the sharing of official information, the following conclusions may be drawn for the resulting survey sample: In finding information for teaching activities, the most common form of communication implicitly-informal is to assume that there is a stronger diffusion of information. In finding information for research activities, the most common form of communication is explicit-formal, thus reducing diffusion within the population. In finding information for administrative activities, the most common form of communication is explicit-formal, thus reducing diffusion within the population. In sharing official information within the institution, the most common form of communication is explicit-formal, thus reducing diffusion within the population. We can hereby confirm the second assumption of model I-space: As the communication channels for requesting and sharing information indicate a greater use of explicit-formal forms, which are directed towards a wider population scope, we can confirm another alternative hypothesis indicating a weaker diffusion within this context and the pattern. As a recommendation, for the academic internet site, on the basis of the results and in accordance with the model settings, it is necessary to ensure that information is easily and rapidly retrieved through content categories or embedded search engines, i.e. that different and relevant types of information are available, through the use of quality content organisation. Documents must correspond to the category in which they are contained in their content and metadata, and it is desirable to avoid duplication of content. Better diffusion also enables the amount of information available through different forms and types of content, which are expected to be understandable, timely, accurate, well-formed and in line with users’ expectations. Future research can focus on other forms and stakeholders within the higher education area, such as universities and colleges, as well as stakeholders such as academic leaders, managers, administrators, externals from different agencies and ministries. Given that the communication channel of formal groups has proven to be an explicit and implicit link between different forms of communication, it is possible to further explore the form of formal groups, their incidence, modalities, impact and functionality of the college.. However, it is necessary to state the most common possible shortcomings in this type of analysis, such as inadequate selection of the number of components and insufficient clarity of data, that is subjective aspect regarding many differences in opinion. Through descriptive analysis, it was shown that the responses were scattered due to a scale of 7 responses and an insufficiently large sample. Generalizing on the basis of one sample, regardless of its size, is always problematic, therefore all conclusions are presented in the form of possible application in the context of the given sample. In this research, a purposive sample was used from selected public Croatian polytechnics that had a social and technical field in their curriculuim, therefore, in further research, the sample can include other polytechnics, as well as universities. Given that similar research, which includes all three activities of academics, has not been found outside of Croatia, the disadvantage is that a sufficiently good comparison is not possible with regard to the context of activity. This work confirmed the viability of the Information Space model in the higher education environment, according to which more and better-structured data accelerate the transmission and diffusion of information. To achieve a good data structure, it is necessary to increase codification and abstraction, which requires a better classification of documents and a reduction in the number of categories. On the basis of the results obtained, the online analysis of public space and surveyed teaching staff identified the applicability of the Information Space model in the context of the high school functional environment. A particular contribution to the extension of the current model lies in the identification of factors for the efficient flow of codified information for the purpose of employee efficiency.

Online social networks, being a major part of our daily lives, capture a vast number of digital footprints. With these digital footprints, it is possible to predict highly sensitive personal attributes about individuals – a method Cambridge Analytica exploited for political campaigns. While the idea is intriguing, business research has been rather quiet on this technological development. For this reason, the present article applies the use of digital footprints to an issue of vital importance for managing the diffusion of information: namely, identifying opinion leaders. Traditional approaches to this topic involve cumbersome surveys that are limited in sample size. To uncover a more efficient approach, we examine how opinion leadership, as measured by an established, traditional approach, manifests in users’ attributes, as reflected by their digital footprints on Facebook. The study highlights that “what one knows” and “how active one is” are the best predictors for identifying opinion leaders.

In this study, the issue of how global maritime stock prices influence the stock prices of large transportation companies in the U.S. and other large markets is examined. Maritime stocks are chosen because they are central in global trade and thus may be good indicators of future global stock market and economic trends. Maritime companies are often owned by families or governments and are traded in stock markets with lower standards of accountability, hence information flows from maritime stocks may be slower than flows from other stocks. Cointegration and vector error-correction analysis is used to analyze the short-term and long-term relationships between maritime stocks, rail stocks, and trucking stocks. Evidence is found of a gradual diffusion of information from maritime stock prices to large rail or trucking stocks. This suggests that price changes in maritime stocks may help predict changes in prices in non-maritime transportation stocks.

Human development is one of the prominent factors that captures the essence of livelihoods in societies. In the current information era, the unprecedented reach and diffusion of information and com...

This article brings the mapping of conversation networks that emerged on the social media Twitter in August 26, 2019, on the occasion of the increase in fires in the Amazon in relation to the same month of the previous year and which reached its peak on the eve of this date, which was published in the news and reached international repercussion. As behavior of these networks, it was concluded that the content of the debate was defined by identification with the values ​​defended by a few public figure profiles not linked to the environmental cause, confirming that, although the seriousness of the fact, these networks emerged in favor of the delimitation of the political space, thus compromising the access, by the users, of the in-depth information for understanding the subject. The methodologies used were Social Network Analysis (ARS) and Contingency Analysis. Este artigo traz o mapeamento das redes de conversação que emergiram na mídia social Twitter em 26 de agosto de 2019, por ocasião do aumento das queimadas na Amazônia, em relação ao mesmo período do ano anterior, e que atingiu o ápice na véspera desta data, o que foi amplamente noticiado e alcançou repercussão internacional. Como comportamento destas redes, concluiu-se que o teor do debate foi definido pela identificação com os valores defendidos pelos perfis de apenas algumas figuras públicas não vinculadas à causa ambiental, confirmando que apesar da gravidade do fato, estas redes emergiram em prol da delimitação de espaço político, comprometendo assim o acesso, pelos usuários, da informação mais aprofundada para a compreensão do assunto. As metodologias utilizadas foram Análise de Redes Sociais (ARS) e Análise de Contingência.

La incorporación de tecnologías en el manejo ganadero es un factor que incide positivamente en la mejora de estos sistemas. A pesar de eso persisten desigualdades en el grado de apropiación de nuevas tecnologías por parte de los productores. Trabajando en innovaciones comunicacionales se puede lograr que las nuevas propuestas tecnológicas sean incorporadas en el territorio. Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Bariloche Fil: Mikuc, Juan Pablo. Instituto Nacional de Tecnologia Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Bariloche. Agencia de Extensión Rural Chos Malal; Argentina Fil: Navedo, Rodrigo Manuel. Instituto Nacional de Tecnologia Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Bariloche. Agencia de Extension Rural Zapala; Argentina Fil: Bosetti, Alejandro Marcelo. Instituto Nacional de Tecnologia Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Bariloche. Agencia de Extensión Rural Chos Malal; Argentina Fil: Easdale, Marcos Horacio. Instituto Nacional de Tecnologia Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Bariloche. Área Desarrollo Rural; Argentina Fil: Easdale, Marcos Horacio. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas. Instituto de Investigaciones Forestales y Agropecuarias Bariloche; Argentina Fil: Lagorio, Paula Agustina. Instituto Nacional de Tecnologia Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Bariloche. Área Desarrollo Rural. Grupo Gestión de la Información; Argentina Fil: Castilla, Florencia. Instituto Nacional de Tecnologia Agropecuaria (INTA). Centro Regional Patagonia Norte; Argentina Fil: Rivera, Luciano Rodrigo. Instituto Nacional de Tecnologia Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Bariloche. Agencia de Extensión Rural Picún Leufú; Argentina Fil: Do Eyo, Maria De Las Mercedes. Instituto Nacional de Tecnologia Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Bariloche. Área Desarrollo Rural. Grupo Gestión de la Información; Argentina

In the presence of slow diffusion of information, the transmission of idiosyncratic shocks through economically linked firms leaves footprints in the prices. In this paper, we estimate the links between firms using past prices and predict the average shock exerted to each firm in the entire cross-section. The long-short cross-momentum portfolio constructed based on average shocks yields significant alphas and performs well in explaining variation in returns.

The link between news and investor decision making is widely discussed in the litera- ture. Utilising unique U.S. firm-level news data between 1979 and 2016, we document a cross-sectional difference in the speed of the diffusion of information contained in news. We distinguish news articles as being either slowly or quickly incorporated into contemporaneous stock prices. The return spread between stocks classified according to these two types of news yields a statistically significant profit of 139 basis points per month. This abnormal return cannot be explained by other well-known risk factors and is robust when allowing for trading costs. Overall, our research refines the role of news regarding information dissemination in the financial markets.

Social network followers represent a valuable asset for any organization. Followers improve the diffusion of information, enhance customer engagement opportunities and allow for observation of comp...

The presence of E-Wallet in various industrial sectors, both private and government, is a new breakthrough in fintech (financial technology) innovation that allows people to make transaction in buying and selling goods and services more easily. This new technology provides a more transparent electronic payment system. However, until now there are still so many people who have not adopted and used E-Wallet due to their lack of knowledge of this new financial technology. The approach to diffusion of innovation theory is carried out to see the effect of the use E-Wallet fintech on changes in the sale and purchase transaction patterns. The results show that the diffusion of fintech promotional messages through social media and the adaptation to the use of E-Wallet have an effect on changes in buying and selling transaction patterns among young people in Jakarta.

Con la puesta en marcha de los proyectos del INTA en el año 2006, se inició una modalidad de trabajo interinstitucional, que buscaba el desarrollo del sector aromático argentino. Desde el inicio se buscaron los medios de difusión e intercambio más apropiados para este logro. El objetivo de este trabajo es analizar el desarrollo de los medios de difusión e intercambio electrónicos elegidos por el proyecto nacional de aromáticas y medicinales del INTA. En el año 2007 se creó el boletín electrónico Aromas Pampeanos (https://shortest.link/AzJ)con siete secciones (editorial, agenda, noticias, información tecnológica, intercambio, mini dossiers, curiosidades). En el año 2018 se inicia la página @INTAaromaticas, ambas como herramientas de difusión e intercambio con el sector, donde estaban incluidos productores, acopiadores/comercializadores, investigadores, profesionales de la actividad privada, potenciales inversores, docentes, estudiantes e interesados en la temática. Hoy se cuenta con sesenta y cuatro números publicados y mil quinientos suscriptores al boletín Aromas Pampeanos que es actualmente la publicación más antigua y con más continuidad del sector en Argentina, y con más de veinte mil seguidores a la página de aromáticas, número muy importante para páginas de estas características, alcanzados en poco más de tres años de edición. Por esto se considera que las herramientas de difusión electrónicas, utilizadas en el proyecto nacional de aromáticas y medicinales del INTA han tenido continuidad y crecimiento del número de suscriptores, constituyendo una herramienta adecuada a los objetivos planteados. With the start-up of INTA projects in 2006, an inter-institutional work modality began, which sought the development of the Argentine aromatic sector. From the beginning, the most appropriate media of diffusion and exchange were evaluated to achieve this goal. The objective of this work is to analyze the development of the electronic media of diffusion and exchange of the INTA national aromatic and medicinal project. In 2007, Aromas Pampeanos (https://shortest.link/AzJ) electronic newsletter was created, divided into seven sections (editorial, agenda, news, technological information, exchange, mini dossiers, curiosities). In 2018, @INTAaromaticas page began, both as a tool for dissemination and exchange with the sector, where producers, collectors / marketers, researchers, professionals from the private sector, potential investors, teachers, students and those interested in the subject were included. Today there are sixty-four published numbers and one thousand five hundred subscribers to Aromas Pampeanos newsletter, which is currently the oldest and most continuous publication in the sector in Argentina, and with more than twenty thousand followers to the aromatics page, a very important number for pages of these characteristics, achieved in little more than two years of publication. For this reason, it is considered that the electronic dissemination tools used in INTA's national aromatic and medicinal project have had continuity and growth in the number of subscribers, constituting an appropriate tool for the objectives set. EEA San Pedro Fil: Paunero, Ignacio Eugenio. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria San Pedro; Argentina

This paper empirically analyses the impact of the diffusion of information and communication technology (ICT) on the quality of institutions simultaneously captured by democracy and corruption in a few African countries. To do so, we specify a panel Tobit model in which democracy is measured by the Institutional Quality Index proposed by the ICRG, while corruption is approximated by the Corruption Control Index. Our model is estimated on a sample of 40 African countries over the period 1995–2018. Overall, the main results show that ICT diffusion significantly improves the quality of democracy and reduces the propensity to corruption in the sample countries. We suggest strengthening the rule of law to increase the quality of democracy, a source of positive externalities on corruption. Ce papier analyse empiriquement l'impact de la diffusion des TIC (Technologie de l'Information et de la Communication), sur la qualite des institutions captees simultanement par la democratie et la corruption dans quelques pays africains. Pour y parvenir, nous specifions un modele Tobit en panel dans lequel la democratie est mesuree par l'indice de qualite institutionnelle proposee par l'ICRG, alors que la corruption est approximee par celui du controle de la corruption. Notre modele est estime sur un echantillon de 40 pays africains sur la periode 1995–2018. Les principaux resultats montrent globalement que la diffusion des TIC ameliore significativement la qualite de la democratie, et reduit la propension a la corruption dans les pays de l’echantillon. Nous suggerons le renforcement de l’etat de droit pour accroitre la qualite de la democratie, source d'externalites positives sur la corruption.

Information phenomena and behaviors underlie every aspect of contemporary life, including spiritual/religious experiences. Pilgrimage as an information context provides insights into the nature of information and knowledge in the lives of individuals undergoing such transformational experiences. Findings based on interviews with twelve Hajj pilgrims suggest that their information practices are varied and transcend both individual (cognitive, affective) and social processes (through shared imaginaries and a wide network of people and resources). As pilgrims prepare for and complete the rituals, then return home, they make use of a range of coping strategies from triangulation and validation to information avoidance. Examining the information strategies of Hajj pilgrims provide us with insights into their processes of negotiating meaning in shifting and unknown contexts.

We examine the impact of Twitter attention on stock prices by examining over 21 million company‐specific tweets over a 5‐year period. Through a quasi‐natural experiment identifying official Twitter outages, we find that Twitter influences stock trading, especially among small, less visible securities primarily traded by retail investors. In addition, we determine that Twitter activity is associated with positive abnormal returns and when tweets occur in conjunction with traditional news events, more information is spread to investors. Finally, we show that retail investor activity drives the Twitter effect as institutional investors less actively trade the affected stocks.

Mathematical models of social contagion that incorporate networks of human interactions have become increasingly popular, however, very few approaches have tackled the challenges of including complex and realistic properties of socio-technical systems. Here, we define a framework to characterize the dynamics of the Maki–Thompson rumour spreading model in structured populations, and analytically find a previously uncharacterized dynamical phase transition that separates the local and global contagion regimes. We validate our threshold prediction through extensive Monte Carlo simulations. Furthermore, we apply this framework in two real-world systems, the European commuting and transportation network and the Digital Bibliography and Library Project collaboration network. Our findings highlight the importance of the underlying population structure in understanding social contagion phenomena and have the potential to define new intervention strategies aimed at hindering or facilitating the diffusion of information in socio-technical systems. The mathematical modelling of how information spreads in social networks has latterly gained fresh urgency. A study of realistic structured populations now identifies the threshold at which the propagation of rumours becomes contagious, thereby inducing a phase transition.

The study assessed scriptwriters’ perception of use of soap opera for agricultural information dissemination in South-western Nigeria. A total of 30 scriptwriters were interviewed using questionnaire Data were analysed using frequencies, percentages, means, Pearson Product Moment Correlation (PPMC) and linear regression at p=0.05. Findings reveal that lack of adequate fund (243.4) and lack of sponsors (226.6) were perceived constraints by scriptwriters to developing scripts for promoting agriculture using soap opera. The majority (93.3%) had favourable perception of the use of soap opera for promoting agriculture. There was a significant relationship between perceived constraints (r =0.12; p≤0.05) and scriptwriters’ perception of use of soaps for promoting agriculture, while age (β = 3.18, t = 12.05, p = ≤0.05) and being an actor (β = 1.96, t = 7.61, p = ≤0.05) were the main determinants of scriptwriters’ perception of use of soap opera in dissemination of agricultural information. Scriptwriters’ favourable perception is a green light for production of agricultural based soap in Nigeria if sponsorship is guaranteed. It is recommended that an adequate source of fund or sponsorship should be sourced for use of soap opera for agricultural information dissemination.Keywords: Scriptwriters, agricultural information, soap opera

This paper examines whether increasing diffusion of ICTs has the potential to improve healthcare use and access to better health outcome and higher spending on health in 38 low-income countries wit...

By investigating the diffusion of information among social networks, and by presenting an analysis of apple growers in terms of the mechanism that underlies insurance decision-making, this paper fi...

This qualitative review of 57 published case reports aimed to analyze primary care and public health integration efforts in 45 states to summarize collaboration aims, participants, and systemic, organizational, and interactional success determinants. Chronic disease management, maternal and child health, and wellness and health promotion were the most commonly reported aims of collaboration between primary care and public health entities in the United States. Typical participants were government public health structures, health delivery systems, communities, academia, state professional medical associations, and employers and businesses. Systemic, organizational, and interactional determinants included adequate funding, multiple stakeholder engagement, leadership, data and information sharing, capitalization on collaborator resources, community engagement, steering committees, effective communication, regular meetings, shared mission, vision, and goals, previous positive relationships, collaborations, and partnerships. The present study contributes to the body of knowledge of when, where, and under what contextual circumstances collaboration and integration have been perceived as effective. Future research could extrapolate which determinants are more essential than others and focus on how systemic, organizational, and interactional factors are interrelated. To advance the practice of successful integration between primary care and public health entities, longitudinal research is needed to examine the degree of integration and sustainability.

Al presentar a IDIA 21 es necesario remitirse a una publicación que ya con solo nombrarla convoca a la memoria y al trabajo realizado en un proyecto editorial de más de cinco décadas. Como marca del INTA es posible identificarla con un punto y seguido porque regresa como herramienta estratégica institucional destinada a la comunicación del conocimiento técnico para el desarrollo regional y territorial. Gerencia de Comunicación Institucional, DG SICyP, INTA Fil: Parera, Carlos Alberto. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Dirección Nacional; Argentina

Los Cursos/Talleres de Ajo en Argentina fueron y son una forma de divulgar cada dos años los avances tecnológicos en la producción, comercialización e industrialización de esta especie. La producción bibliográfica generada durante 30 años ha dado lugar a más de 790 citas en los Manuales de cada acontecimiento bianual que son difíciles de localizar por los métodos convencionales de revisión, ya que no se trata de una publicación seriada e indizada. La presentación de estos avances en forma de artículos de divulgación a través de informes breves (salvo las conferencias), suelen ser de difícil localización y de citar cuando son necesarios, por eso encontramos oportuno sistematizar la información y ordenarla por temas y sub temas. En el año 1997 no se publicó el Manual correspondiente al V Curso/Taller, habiéndose compilado la información de los anteriores en una publicación de 5 volúmenes denominados 50 Temas sobre producción de ajo. Lo mismo ocurrió en 2013, durante el XIII Curso/Taller con la publicación de 6 volúmenes denominados 100 Temas sobre producción de ajo. En 2015, el Manual fue reemplazado por una publicación denominada Fichas Técnicas para el cultivo de ajo. Volcar toda esta información no ha sido tarea fácil, ya que está muy poco digitalizada, sin embargo lo hicimos por estar convencidos que facilitará la tarea a los lectores. Esta lista de citas bibliográficas se ordenó en una primera etapa por áreas y sub áreas del conocimiento, y dentro de estas por orden alfabético del primer autor, independientemente del año de publicación del Manual del Curso/Taller. Más de 450 autores nacionales y algunos extranjeros invitados merecen este trabajo. EEA La Consulta Fil: Burba, Jose Luis. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria La Consulta; Argentina Fil: Arguello, Marcos. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Centro Regional Mendoza-San Juan; Argentina

Some Social Networking Services (SNS) transmit and communicate personal opinions to our society with messages from our phycological motivation. By analyzing the messaging mechanism of SNS, you can expect to efficiently control and manage the transmission of rumors, advertisements, public relations, and word-of-mouth. Many previous studies have analyzed the transmission and diffusion of information by assuming that SNS members are passive nodes in the fields of information networks and complex networks. However, some studies on networks consisting of passive nodes do not consider about their intention and motivation of actual SNS members.

Amidst the numerous reported negative effects of COVID-19, the Japanese public was rattled by the headline ‘Doctoral Students Have Decreased by Half’. However, a closer examination of the information revealed that the reported drop may be a ‘false alarm’ based on a series of articles related to this critical decision-making moment for prospective students. Studies regarding doctoral programmes are limited due, in part, to the relative marginalization of degree holders and low recognition of degrees in Japan. Thus, this case study was conducted to clarify the particular situations faced by Japanese doctoral students and how news is reported through digital media. The research revealed that digital news portals may contribute to the deformation and diffusion of information, highlighting the importance of verifying digital information so that students can make informed career-path decisions based on accurate situations and potentials.

The formation of culture in animal societies, including humans, relies on the social transmission of information amongst individuals. This spread depends upon the transmission of social information, or social learning, between individuals. However, not all information spreads. To better understand how constraints at the individual-, dyad- and group-level might influence the formation of culture, we experimentally introduced four innovations (novel behaviours) across three troops of wild chacma baboons (Papio ursinus). At the individual-level, different phenotypic traits constrained individuals’ use of social information about the innovations. At the dyad-level, we found evidence for social reinforcement and directed social learning affecting who learnt and from whom. Group-level characteristics also limited the diffusion of information, which spread more slowly through social networks that showed less mixing across age classes. Nevertheless, despite these multi-level limitations, the four innovations quickly spread through all the social groups in which they were tested, suggesting that the formation of animal cultures can be surprisingly resilient to constraints on information transmission.