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Reports on recent patents for leading computer architecture companies. One way to reveal what technologies or areas companies are investing their research and development resources is to analyze their recently issued patents. Toward that end, this article examines patents issued to the companies that have the most issued patents in the “Electric digital data processing” subcategory in the first quarter of 2021. This subcategory appears to be the subcategory in the International Patent Classification system that is closest to computer architecture.

Introduction. When carrying out an energy assessment of agricultural machines and traction tests of tractors, the most important indicator is the value of the tractive effort. The existing methods for determining the tractive effort of tractors imply the use of specialized measuring instruments, such as strain gauges and devices for processing and displaying information. The accuracy of determining the tractive effort is significantly influenced by the physical and mechanical properties of soil. To process the useful signal during the measurement of tractive effort, the data stream of the strain gauge sensor must be subjected to additional digital filtering taking into account the operating conditions of the agricultural unit. Materials and Methods. The functions of changing the tractive effort obtained on the K-744R2 tractor in various gears have been analyzed. An algorithm for digital processing of the signal of a strain gauge force meter based on a median filter has been developed that makes it possible to increase the measurement accuracy. The advantage of the proposed method is the ability to cut off sharp short-term impulse noise and sharp fluctuations in the amplitude of the measured value. Results. A method for determining the amount of tractive effort using median signal processing has been proposed. A device for determining the tractive effort during testing of agricultural tractors and units has been developed. The choice of the main components of the device for determining the magnitude of the tractive effort has been substantiated. As a result of the research, a device for measuring and digital processing of the signal of a force meter based on a microcontroller and specialized software for processing initial data in real time was designed and manufactured. Discussion and Conclusion. The developed method makes it possible to exclude the negative effect of impulse noise arising in the process of measuring the tractive effort of the tractor. The proposed device for measuring the tractive effort of tractors is compatible at the level of the exchange protocol with existing devices, has a high speed of operation in real time, multi-channel operation.

The representation system in modern radars is carried out by obtaining digital signals. In the case of tracking radars, the representation is updated in the order of tenths of a millisecond. In order to achieve to update the display in real time, the acquisition, processing and representation process must comply with the time requirement imposed by the radar. The objective of this work is the visualization of the information for a medium of this type in real time using the Odroid XU4 board. For their solution, the parallel programming method was used, through the creation of threads in the Qt Creator Integrated Development Environment and the use of the "cauce" segmentation parallel programming pattern. The result allowed an efficient use of computing resources, obtaining a decrease of the execution time and a greater acceleration with respect to the sequential variant., El sistema de representación en los radares modernos se realiza a partir de la obtención de señales digitales. En el caso de los radares de seguimiento la actualización de la representación se realiza en el orden de las décimas de milisegundos. Para lograr la actualización del display en tiempo real el proceso de adquisición, procesamiento de la señal y representación tiene que cumplir con la exigencia de tiempo de exploración del radar. El objetivo del trabajo es lograr la visualización de la información para un radar en tiempo real empleando la placa Odroid XU4. Se utilizó el método de programación paralela, mediante la creación de hilos en el Entorno de Desarrollo Integrado Qt Creator y el empleo del patrón de programación paralela segmentación de cauce. Esto permitió el uso eficiente de los recursos de cómputo, obteniéndose una disminución del tiempo de ejecución y una mayor aceleración con respecto a la variante secuencial.

PurposeDefining key artificial intelligence (AI) technologies is especially fundamental because AI applications involve the development of multiple technical fields and have the potential to generate numerous business opportunities in the future. However, most related studies have examined patent grants granted by or patent applications filed to major patent offices; few studies have employed the perspective of standard-essential patents (SEPs) from a holistic technical view. In addition, because few studies have explored the status signals of countries in relation to SEPs, the present study integrated “country” into the model and determined differences among countries in terms of their technological focus.Design/methodology/approachIn this study, through patent technological network analysis in various periods, the author not only observed the focus fields of AI-related SEPs but also examined temporal trends to determine technical development trends.FindingsThis study identified technologies that have been key players in the SEP network in recent years; these technologies were centered on electric digital data processing, recognition of data and transmission of digital information. Moreover, many of these technologies have been applied in areas such as management and commerce and radio navigation. Furthermore, the USA plays a crucial role in the global development of AI technical network.Originality/valueThis study constructs a technical network model to identify key technologies and trends that can serve as a reference for national research and development resource allocation.

Purpose As the university–industry collaboration (UIC) gradually attracts the attention of various national governments, the number of studies on UIC has increased substantially. Past UIC studies have mostly focused on investigating the incentives and the motivation for UIC, forms of UIC and performance output of UIC. However, they have not actively identified the key technologies and technology distribution that are conductive to the commercialization of UIC outcomes. Therefore, this study aims to adopt the licensed UIC patents as the basis for analysis and to construct a patent licensing technology network. Design/methodology/approach This study focused on licensed patents because past studies have indicated that such patents usually have higher value. Moreover, patent licensing can be seen as the final step for the commercialization of UIC outcomes. Finally, past studies have rarely explored patent examiners’ views on key technologies. However, during the substantive examination of patents, patent examiners often use their background knowledge regarding the technology to include citations to other patented technologies that they consider valuable or indispensable. Therefore, this study focused on investigating the patents recognized and cited by patent examiners and conducted key technology identification. Findings The results indicated that past key technologies in UIC focused on surveying, medicine, biochemistry and electric digital data processing; these fields are crucial to the commercialization of key UIC technologies. Finally, the USA, Japan, Sweden and Germany play critical roles in the network of global university–industry cooperation and technology licensing. Originality/value Patent examiners’ perspectives were adopted to establish a patent licensing technology network, through which the key technologies that could promote UIC patent licensing were mined. This study can also serve as a reference for resource allocation in university research and development and for governments to promote new technologies.

Based on the patent retrieval and analysis platform of Dongfang Lingdong, the patent application trend, patent type, applicant type, technical field and regional distribution of China's integrated circuit industry from 2010 to 2020 are discussed by using patent measurement method. It is found that China's IC industry has a good development trend and the number of patent applications has increased significantly. Large-scale private enterprises are the main applicants of IC industry patents and the main force of China's IC industry development. China's integrated circuit industry patents are concentrated in semiconductor devices, electrical digital data processing and other technical fields. The number of integrated circuit industry patents in eastern provinces and cities is higher than that in other regions. The integrated circuit industry in Guangdong Province develops well, and the number of patents is much higher than that of other provinces and cities.

The paper focuses on the main theoretical principles and properties of wavelet transforms. The problem of digital data processing based on wavelet transforms is considered. The analysis and processing of signals and functions that are non-stationary in time and inhomogeneous in space are presented. The authors propose methods of progressive coefficients’ values that combine wavelet decomposition and quantization, the main purpose of which is to convey the most important piece of information about a signal.

The paper focuses on the practice of using lists in the digitized society, where we do not only deal with lists on the web, but since a few decades tend to observe objects and services in general in the form of evaluative orderings like ratings and rankings. The difference and the relationship between lists, ratings and rankings are illustrated and discussed in historical perspective. In a second step, the paper specifically addresses the web and digital data processing, asking why lists are spreading right now, especially in the last three decades. It analyses the relationship of the form of the list with the web and with algorithms, which are its central tools of information processing.

Данная работа посвящена исследованию SDR устройств и принципа их работы. Целью работы является исследование возможности реализации собственного SDR-приемника, сконструированного при помощи Arduino, а также рассмотрение характеристик и преимуществ полученного устройства. Путем тщательного наблюдения за прохождением сигнала приемников систем SDR от поступления на антенну до выхода из цифрового устройства обработки сигнала, был изучен принцип программно-определяемого радио и особенности в сравнении с традиционными радиоприемники супергетеродинного типа. В результате была предложена архитектура КВ приемника системы SDR, рассмотрены способности предложенного решения., The given work is devoted to the study of SDR devices and the principle of their work. The aim of the work is to study the feasibility of implementing your own SDR receiver designed using Arduino, as well as to consider the characteristics and advantages of the resulting device. By carefully monitoring the signal path of the receivers of the SDR systems from entering the antenna to leaving the digital signal processing device, we studied the principle of software- defined radio and features in comparison with traditional superheterodyne type radios. As a result, the HF receiver architecture of the SDR system was proposed, and the capabilities of the proposed solution were considered.

Summary The paper presents the results of mine seismic surveys of safety pillars at the Upper-Kama potash deposit. The orientation of vibration source at generation of waves into wall of mine working is considered. It is established that the direction of propagation of elastic waves of the P-type, in contrast to S-type waves, is characterized by a certain selectivity and corresponds to the direction of emission. The possibility of high-quality separation of P and S waves in digital data processing is shown. In case of lateral half-space transmission on reflected waves, structural and lithological features of the rock mass are distinguished due to joint analysis of seismic sections and their velocity characteristics.

This paper presents a system-on-chip solution that acts as a companion to infrared focal plane arrays (IR-FPAs), providing them with precision references, regulated power supplies, clocks and timing signals, as well as sampling analog or digital outputs for signal conditioning, correction and processing. To serve a wide variety of infrared imaging detectors, the chip is designed in a fully configurable manner that allows users to program specifications of signals going to an FPA and implement any custom signal correction, processing and application-specific algorithms.

The research objective is to analyze the dynamics of the parameters of the morphfunctional state of students of special medical groups with respiratory diseases under the influence of the experimental technology of control in physical education of students of these groups. Materials and Methods: pedagogical experiment, pedagogical testing: methods of recording of morphfunctional state parameters, functional tests and medical-biological tests, mathematical methods of digital data processing. Results. The paper presents the results of the experimental technology control tried and tested in physical education of the students of special medical groups with respiratory diseases. The foundation for the special analysis of the effectiveness of the effect the designed technology had on the morphfunctional state of the students of special medical groups with respiratory diseases is assessment of the monitoring results for its parameters during the period of implementation of the designed technology. The analysis of the data obtained confirms the statistic-significant changes (p < 0.05) by all the indicators under study in the students of experimental groups. Conclusions. The comparative characteristics of the functional indicators of the respiratory system of the students from the selection under study showed that the experimental groups had significantly better results than the reference groups (p

Pulse shape discrimination (PSD) performance of two optimized PSD systems (one digital and one analog) is compared in this work. One system uses digital charge integration, while the other system uses analog zero crossing. Measurements were conducted with each PSD system using the CAEN V1720 (250 MHz) data acquisition system. An organic-liquid scintillator, coupled to a photo-multiplier tube, was used to detect neutrons and gamma rays from a Cf-252 spontaneous-fission source. The PSD performance of both systems was optimized and quantified using a traditional figure-of-merit (FOM) approach. FOM's were found for three, 300 keVee light-output bins, spanning from 100 to 1000 keVee, and one larger bin from 100 to 1800 keVee. Digital PSD outperformed analog PSD in the lowest light-output bin by approximately 50%, and by 11% for the highest light-output bin.

The article discusses the possibility of using a new digital automated medical hardware complex which ensures health control of energy enterprise personnel. The considered complex consists of separate functional devices. Thanks to their technical characteristics a high reliability of the registered physiological parameters of the examined workers can be obtained. Thus, we get high reliability of personnel health monitoring. The automated complex carries out digital data processing. According to this data the prognostic state of the employee is issued. It plays a key role in improving safety at electric power enterprises, reduces the risk of accidents caused by personnel.

It is proposed, developed, investigated, and validated by experiments and modelling for the first time in worldwide terms new data processing technologies, higher order spectral multiple correlation technologies for fault identification for electromechanical systems via electrical data processing. Investigation of the higher order spectral triple correlation technology via modelling has shown that the proposed data processing technology effectively detects component faults. The higher order spectral triple correlation technology successfully applied for rolling bearing fault identification. Experimental investigation of the technology has shown, that the technology effectively identifies rolling bearing fault by electrical data processing at very early stage of fault development. Novel technology comparisons via modelling and experiments of the proposed higher order spectral triple correlation technology and the higher order spectra technology show the higher fault identification effectiveness of the proposed technology over the bicoherence technology.

In many applications in the construction industry and in the transportation sector, it is necessary to convert the original analog information into digital form and transmit this information for further computer processing using the appropriate interface. The question of the correct choice of conversion means (analog-to-digital converters, ADC) and transmission means (interfaces of peripheral devices) is very important because the characteristics of these devices largely determine the quality of the system. Meanwhile, in this area there is a fairly wide range of modern solutions, new trends are observed, which should be taken into account by system developers. Often systems are operated in conditions of high levels of industrial noise and interference. In a number of applications, it is required to process the signals of sensors (for example, building condition sensors) with very high accuracy with moderate processing speed requirements. The choice of a solution is significantly affected by the fact that modern building condition monitoring systems, automated control systems for technical processes in construction, and other systems are built on the basis of microcontrollers. In this study, the above issues are considered comprehensively, on the basis of this, possible solutions are proposed, practical recommendations are given.

An analysis of the pattern of rail deformation under a passing train using a rapid-response strain-gauge system is described. Digital signal processing algorithms are created, which involve filtration and regression analysis for minimizing the effects of continuous noise and an uninformative low-frequency component on the reliability of identifying the wheel pair and the assessment of forces in the wheel-and-rail system. A method for assessing the force impact of rolling surface defects on the dynamics of the interaction of rails with wheels is tested.

Developing portable autonomous systems is highly requested for numerous application domains such as Internet of Things (IoT), wearable devices, and biomedical applications. Portable systems usually contain autonomous and networked sensors; each sensor hosts multiple input channels (e.g. tactile) closely coupled to embedded computing unit and power supply. The embedded computing unit should locally extract meaningful information by employing sophisticated methods. This imposes challenges on real time operation and adds a burden regarding power consumption. Approximate or inexact computing represents a promising solution for energy efficient data processing; it tunes the accuracy of computation on the specific application requirements in order to reduce power consumption. In this paper, inexact arithmetic circuits have been employed to improve the energy efficiency for sensors digital data processing. The proposed inexact circuits achieve up to 80% power saving when compared to the exact one, and similar solutions presented in literature with a maximum loss of 1.39 dB in output SNR when applied to FIR filters.

The paper presents the methods for improving the accuracy of impedance measurements to the root system of plants and the ambient temperature. The proposed methods are based on the digital data processing using the maximum likelihood approach, which helps reduce the cost of the measurement devices. A comparison of the achieved measurements accuracy was carried out using the simulation technique.

Digital processing of the recorded point clouds on innovative surfaces could facilitate the operator’s planning of the metrological process and give more freedom in the assessment of the surface texture. The current state of knowledge about surface characteristics, precision and quality of measurements and especially the repeatability of measurements – not only in the laboratory environment but also in the industry pose a big challenge. The paper presents research works related to the identification of the impact of the method of acquisition point clouds using digital data processing on surface texture. The main assumption of the paper was to carry out, according to the prepared plan of the experiment, the series of sample measurements with the use of the optical measuring systems AltiSurf A520 in the Laboratory of Surface Topography at the West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin. The next task was to determine the impact of the digital data processing strategy in order to identify the significance of the impact (conditions and methods of filtration), which in practice largely determines the repeatability and reproducibility of the parameter values of the geometry surface structure.

Sugar becomes one of the commodities targeted to achieve Indonesia national food security. Sugar is produced from sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L.), extensive plantations require effective and efficient handling and low cost. Remote sensing is a technology that is considered appropriate to answer those needs, through remote sensing image can be analyzed to the physical condition of sugar cane plant based on the spectral response recorded on the image. The spectral response captured by the sensor is expected to help analyze this plant in relation to plant growth, plant health, as well as the production of sugar yields in sugarcane. The lack of spectral pattern research, especially the in situ spectral pattern that is used as a reference for remote sensing data analysis, makes this research important to do. Bantul Regency is a region that has a large agricultural area, including sugar cane plantation. The method used in this research is digital data processing on remote sensing image to be analyzed spectral pattern especially in sugarcane which then compared with data of spectral pattern of sugar cane which is measured directly in the field using spectrophotometer. Spectral patterns obtained from two sources are then analyzed to determine the agility of sugarcane. The result of this research is give description about spectral pattern characteristic or reflectance pattern in sugar cane plant so it can be used for mapping of sugar cane plantation. The Sugar cane Plant reflected curve from the field measurements by spectrophotometer is noticeably smoother and has more wavelengths than the reflected curves of the Landsat 8 OLI Image. The distribution of sugar cane plant based on the spectral reflectance pattern of the object of field measurement is more relevant than the distribution of sugarcane based on the spectral reflection pattern of the object from Landsat 8 OLI Image. The classification of the field measurement spectral library and the Landsat 8 OLI Image shows that the spectral library of field measurements is better to serve as the basis for spectral-based mapping than the sampled spectral libraries in Landsat 8 OLI Image.

This paper presents a wearable micro-sensing device for monitoring human body falls. It combines micro-sensors and digital data processing technologies, such that in real-time, it can monitor the user to get immediate help by sending an emergency message to an aid station at the moment of falling. The primary feature of this system is the micro sensor, with a horizontal sensor embedded inside a smart coat. Two kinds of micro-sensors are used for the system, one is a micro-mercury switch, and the other is an optical sensor to detect if the wearer is horizontal. With the new algorithms for movement behaviors judgment, the system has the ability to collect, analyze, and transmit data by monitoring the user’s body. In outdoor sports, the system sends information on body position and location, and an emergency message from the user to a specific guard in real-time.

Distributions of acoustic fields on the surfaces of metal specimens with different degrees of microdamage are measured with a Doppler laser interferometer. Various methods are used for digital data processing for extracting useful information against a noise background. Specific features of the acoustic-field structure are analyzed as functions of the presence and parameters of microflaws in the specimens under study.

Complete digital recording of Cultural Heritage is a multidimensional process. It depends highly on the nature of the subject of recording as well as the purpose of its recording. The whole process involves the three-dimensional digitization, digital data processing and storage, archival and management, representation and reproduction. In this paper we briefly review methods for three-dimensional digitization that are applicable to cultural heritage recording.

The methods for computation of response spectrum amplitudes are reviewed for the period preceding the modern digital computer age. The mechanical and electrical analog methods that preceded the modern digital calculations were time consuming, inaccurate, and difficult to verify. Modern studies of response and of the nature of strong ground motion became possible after mid-1960 with accumulation of strong-motion records and with accurate digitization and digital data processing.

A digital coincidence method is described in which the amplitude is digitized and the time of each pulse from the ionizing radiation detectors is recorded. The features of the processing of the digital amplitude-time measurement data are described in detail. It is shown that the digital coincidence method has a time resolution defined solely by the resolving power of the detectors.

The field of application, the features of operation, and the main performance characteristics of a ВД-12НФП eddy-current flaw detector are considered. Methods of digital data processing for improving the recognition of flaw-produced signals against the background noise are presented.

Az e-konyvek altal biztositott digitalis adattarolasi-adatforgalmazasi lehetosegek jo alternativat nyujtanaka tarsadalomtudomanyi szakkonyvek szeles koru hozzaferhetose­genek biztositasara. Az MTDA, a Magyar Tarsadalomtudomanyok Digitalis Archivuma egy optikai karakterfelismeressel eloallitott torteneti szociologiai adatbazis, mely mind CD-n, mind interneten hozzaferheto. Ket resze 1867-1919 es 1919-1945 kozott reprezentalja a magyar tarsadalomtudomanyi irodalom klasszikusait es az adott korszakok fontosabb eszmei iranyzatait.

Two demonstrators, a spiralCT and a miniPET, have been designed and constructed for educational purposes. Computed tomographs (CTs) and positron emission tomographs (PETs) are some of the most commonly used structural and functional imaging devices in medicine, respectively. There is a need for transparent demonstrators where the principles of the different modalities and their functions are presented. The aim of the developments of these systems was to present the major building blocks of CT and PET for undergraduate students. Photon detection in both systems is based on small pixelised scintillation crystals with position sensitive PMT readout. Similar analogue and digital data processing based on FPGA technique is applied for the demonstrators and common image reconstruction and presentation software components are used.