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In a photovoltaic (PV) DC integration system, a DC line-to-line short-circuit fault will cause all converters to be quickly locked. This can result in the sustained outage of the system. In this study, to address this problem, a protection method based on incipient fault identification is proposed to quickly identify and isolate the faulty branch, and to prevent the incipient fault from developing into a short-circuit fault. By analyzing the frequency characteristics of the incipient fault current, a disturbance injection start criterion is formed. Then, by using the converter to inject small disturbance signals to form obvious fault characteristics, the location and isolation of the faulty area can be achieved in time. The loop simulation results based on real-time digital simulator (RTDS) hardware demonstrate that the proposed method accurately recognizes the incipient fault without affecting the system power quality, and can simultaneously isolate the incipient fault. These factors provide guarantees for the safe and efficient operation of PV DC integration systems

A structure of a digital signal simulator which allows generating testing GPS C/A signals or creating signal-like interference is observed. Proposed scheme of the simulator includes generators of navigation signals, a generator of noiselike signal, a signal summation block and a block of signal bit capacity transformation. A vari-ant of simulator hardware implementation in FPGA is showed. Examples of gener-ated signals are presented.

U radu se opisuje analogni simulator učinskih pretvaračkih spojeva Terel Tergane 78. Na simulatoru se obrađuju osnovni pretvarački spojevi temeljeni na jednofaznom mosnom spoju za ispravljanje, izmjenjivanje te istosmjernu pretvorbu električne energije. Provode se eksperimenti navedenih spojeva te opisuju njihova svojstva i ponašanje. Isti spojevi se modeliraju i simuliraju računalnim simulacijskim programom PLECS. Provodi se komparativna analiza osnovnih karakteristika korištenih simulatora sa gledišta modeliranja, simuliranja i analize ponašanja pretvaračkih spojeva. The paper describes an analog simulator of power converter circuits Terel Tergane 78. The simulator deals with basic converter connections based on a single-phase bridge circuit for rectification, inverting and direct conversion of electricity. Experiments of these compounds are performed and their properties and behavior are described. The same circuits are modeled and simulated by the computer simulation program PLECS. A comparative analysis of the basic characteristics of the used simulators from the point of view of modeling, simulation and analysis of the behavior of converter compounds is performed.

This paper presents a comparative study between two algorithms for controlling the Wind Turbine (WT) using real time platforms: RT-Lab. The Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) control technique is implemented for extracting the maximum energy from the wind. The first control consists in taking as a reference strategy the electromagnetic torque associated with the maximum power curve. This controller is known as Indirect Speed Control (ISC). The second one, based on the measured wind speed, is called Direct Speed Control (DSC). In this second controller, the effectiveness of the controllers was evaluated with a PI controller and a Fuzzy Logic (FL) controller. The performances are analyzed and compared on the OPAL-RT digital simulator, which is based on the RT-LAB platform with the model, and its control built in Simulink. The results of the simulations clearly show that algorithm based on fuzzy controllers gives better performance in terms of monitoring the maximum power coefficient and optimal speed compared to conventional algorithms.

The flexibility provided by High Voltage Direct Current (HVDC) systems can be further extended by Wide Area Monitoring, Protection, and Control (WAMAPC) systems. WAMPAC systems enable many HVDC applications and, on the other hand, inevitably introduce cybersecurity concerns that need to be addressed. In this work, a security domain layer and decision framework is reported to detect and mitigate the impact of false data injection (FDI) attacks targeting HVDC stations. Specifically, a rule-based cyber-attack detection method is introduced and implemented on Raspberry Pi and tested on the real-time HVDC simulation facility on the real-time digital simulator (RTDS) platform at ABB U.S. Corporate Research Center.

— Digital virtual simulators are considered one of the most innovative teaching methods currently available for overcoming training difficulties in clinical nursing practice. This study aimed to measure the perceived usefulness of digital simulators in the acquisition of professional nursing skills among undergraduate nursing students. A group of 50 students participated in an online training module on a digital simulator over six sessions. They then responded to a survey about the training. The results indicated that 80% of the participants found learning with a digital simulator to be an enriching experience and 82% of the students felt that it could be beneficial to adopt this mode of teaching in other areas of nursing education. It is hoped that these findings will encourage teachers to adopt this approach to nursing education as a solution to the various constraints related to student placements. It may be especially useful in situations where there is a lack of supervisors or a large number of students.

Este trabajo está enfocado al diseño y elaboración de un simulador digital en Moodle para la enseñanza del desarrollo del vocabulario infantil como una herramienta interactiva de ensayo al alcance de los estudiantes del SUAyED Iztacala de la carrera de Psicología; la metodología del diseño fue simulación por ramificación, pues permite al estudiante tomar decisiones acerca de las situaciones que se le presentan; el desarrollo consistió en una capacitación de los software a utilizar, para después diagramar la situación simulada, trasladarla a un guión y hacer el montaje en la plataforma de Moodle; se hizo una evaluación por pares y con expertos en el tema para realizar las modificaciones pertinentes, resultando un espacio de prácticas virtuales para el estudiante; se concluyó que con el uso de herramientas libres, como audio, videos y configuraciones en una plataforma educativa se puede crear interacción mediante un simulador digital.

With the large-scale access to distributed generation and energy storage (ES), the rapid growth of DC loads, and the development of power electronics technology, the DC distribution network is becoming a new type of high-reliability power supply. Detection and switching control of islanding is important to ensure the stability and robustness of the DC distribution network. In this study, first, for a ‘hand-in-hand’ DC distribution network, an unintentional islanding detection method, which is a combination of the main criterion based on switch status and an auxiliary criterion based on no-current and difference-voltage criteria, is proposed. Second, an unintentional islanding control strategy based on the coordination of the switching strategy of ES controller and DC solid-state transformer is proposed. Finally, the proposed detection and switching control scheme is validated through simulations using the real-time digital simulator platform. Simulation results indicate that the proposed scheme for the DC distribution network can accurately identify an island, and effectively switch control mode to achieve stable islanding control.

This study describes an extended approach to the differential protection of power transformers to identify turn-to-turn faults based on the second central moment (SCM). The proposal uses the differential currents as the input signals to the algorithm. Differential currents are filtered and normalised to allow the proposed algorithm to be independent of the transformer parameters (power, reactance, connection etc.). Then, the SCM magnitude of the differential currents is computed and compared with an established threshold to detect the internal faults. If the SCM magnitude exceeds the limit, an internal fault is detected. Otherwise, the event is determined as a transient event or steady state. The proposed algorithm was implemented in MATLAB and was tested on a three-phase system using a Real-Time Digital Simulator. For laboratory experiments, a real 55-kVA transformer setup was used to validate the effectiveness of the algorithm. The algorithm successfully identified turn-to-turn faults from steady state, as well as during transformer energisations, in over 1000 cases.

Digital, En el presente trabajo investigativo se lleva a cabo un análisis estadísticocomparativo de la efectividad del uso de tres simuladores digitales elegidos como recurso en el proceso de enseñanza y aprendizaje de la Geografía en estudiantes de grado sexto (6º) de la Institución Educativa Aserradero, ubicada en el corregimiento de Aserradero, jurisdicción del municipio de Purísima, departamento de Córdoba. La metodología de desarrollo estuvo conformada en primer lugar por un análisis de antecedentes en el desempeño académico, selección de la muestra, aplicación de la propuesta pedagógica, pruebas de conocimientos y realización de encuestas, herramientas con las que se obtuvieron datos que permitieron validar las hipótesis formuladas. El alcance se definió desde la selección de los simuladores por su versatilidad y facilidad y accesibilidad, siendo estos, Solar System Scope, Google Maps y Phet; por otro lado, se escogió como población de estudio al grado sexto (6º) gracias a su bajo índice de mortalidad. El análisis de resultados muestra que, entre los tres simuladores digitales, Google Maps presenta mejor efectividad, seguido de Solar System Scope y por último Phet, gracias a que las pruebas de hipótesis entre pares de media arrojaban un estadístico de prueba en favor de Google Maps, además de que los mejores resultados en las pruebas de conocimientos se obtuvieron con este simulador. Se concluye que el uso de simuladores permite obtener mejores promedios globales en geografía que las clases tradicionales., In this work, a statistical-comparative analysis of the use of three digital simulators effectiveness in Geography teaching and learning process of sixth grade (6th) students of Aserradero High School is carried out. Aserradero High School is in the village of Aserradero, municipality jurisdiction of Purísima, in Córdoba state. The development methodology consisted by an analysis of antecedents in academic performance, sample selection, application of the pedagogical proposal, knowledge tests and surveys, as tools with which data were obtained, and allowing to validate the hypotheses formulated. The scope is defined from the selection of simulators for their versatility, ease and accessibility, being these, Solar System Scope, Google Maps and Phet; On the other hand, sixth grade (6th) was chosen as the study population due to its low mortality rate. The analysis of results shows that, among the three digital simulators, Google Maps presents the best effectiveness, followed by Solar System Scope and finally Phet, thanks to the fact that the hypothesis tests between pairs of averages showed a test statistic in favor of Google Maps. In addition, the best results in the knowledge tests were obtained with this simulator too. Finally, it is concluded that the use of simulators allows to obtain better global averages in geography teaching than traditional classes., Maestría, Magíster en Tecnologías Digitales Aplicadas a la Educación, 1°ed, CONTENIDO Pág INTRODUCCIÓN...................................................................................................13 1. PRESENTACIÓN DEL TRABAJO DE GRADO...............................................15 1.1 PLANTEAMIENTO DEL PROBLEMA.................................................15 1.2 ALCANCE...........................................................................................21 1.3 JUSTIFICACIÓN.................................................................................21 1.4 OBJETIVOS........................................................................................22 1.4.1 Objetivo general .................................................................................22 1.4.2 Objetivos específicos .........................................................................22 2 BASES TEÓRICAS .........................................................................................23 2.1 ESTADO DEL ARTE...........................................................................23 2.2 MARCO REFERENCIAL ....................................................................27 2.2.1 Marco Teórico ....................................................................................27 2.2.2 Marco Conceptual ..............................................................................29 2.2.3 Marco legal.........................................................................................34 3 DISEÑO METODOLÓGICO ............................................................................36 3.1 TIPO DE INVESTIGACIÓN.................................................................36 3.2 HIPÓTESIS.........................................................................................36 3.3 VARIABLES O CATEGORÍAS............................................................36 3.4 OPERACIONALIZACIÓN DE VARIABLES O DESCRIPCIÓN DE CATEGORÍAS.................................................................................................37 3.5 POBLACIÓN Y MUESTRA .................................................................38 3.6 PROCEDIMIENTO..............................................................................38 3.7 INSTRUMENTOS DE RECOLECCIÓN DE INFORMACIÓN..............39 3.8 TÉCNICAS DE ANÁLISIS DE DATOS ...............................................40 4 CONSIDERACIONES ÉTICAS........................................................................42 5 DIAGNÓSTICO INICIAL..................................................................................43 6 estructura de la propuesta de intervención......................................................50 6.1 PROPUESTA PEDAGÓGICA.............................................................50 6.2 COMPONENTE TECNOLÓGICO.......................................................58 6.3 IMPLEMENTACIÓN............................................................................65 7 ANÁLISIS E INTERPRETACIÓN DE DATOS .................................................71 8 CONCLUSIONES............................................................................................79 9 LIMITACIONES ...............................................................................................81 10 IMPACTO / recomendaciones / TRABAJOS FUTUROS.............................82 Bibliografía.............................................................................................................83 ANEXOS................................................................................................................87

Digital, En el desarrollo de este proyecto se aplica la investigación cualitativa de tipo explicativo, tomando como elementos principales los referentes teóricos de investigaciones previamente desarrolladas en el mismo contexto y las diferentes herramientas tecnológicas aplicadas en el proceso educativo, utilizando el simulador PhET. El beneficio que se puede adquirir con el uso de los simuladores en la asignatura de física hace referencia, no solo como herramienta digital de apoyo en el proceso de enseñanza si no que minimiza los costos de materiales, por la conexión que se tiene con las TIC y el aprendizaje en contexto de una situación teórica que es posible observar desde la virtualidad, un modelo de un sistema real para comprender su comportamiento en la aplicación práctica. Se plantea la simulación de los fenómenos físicos como una herramienta de enseñanza-aprendizaje, que pretende mejorar la comprensión de los conceptos teóricos adquiridos por los educandos en la asignatura de física a través de la interactividad fomentando la participación analítica, interpretativa e investigativa. El objetivo de este proyecto es fortalecer la enseñanza – aprendizaje de la física en el grado décimo (10o) a través de la implementación del simulador PhET como herramienta de apoyo. En la implementación del simulador PhET se articulan diversos compendios que permiten al educando desarrollar su proceso educativo de una forma autónoma, donde el educador es un facilitador de recursos y orientador del proceso. Esta herramienta le permite al alumno ser artífice de su propio conocimiento y aproximarse a la comprensión de los principios físicos. El proyecto se trabajó con estudiantes del grado décimo de la Institución Educativa Técnica Santa Cruz del municipio Motavita en el departamento de Boyacá. Durante el desarrollo del proyecto los estudiantes mostraron una actitud positiva, dinámica, activa, un desarrollo autónomo y trabajo colaborativo. Además, al docente le permite planear, guiar y sistematizar el proceso de enseñanza., In the development of this project, qualitative explanatory research is applied, taking as main elements the theoretical references of research previously developed in the same context and the different technological tools applied in the educational process, using the PhET simulator. The benefit that can be acquired with the use of simulators in the physics subject refers, not only as a digital support tool in the teaching process, but also as a minimization of material costs, due to the connection that it has with ICT and learning in the context of a theoretical situation that can be observed from virtuality, a model of a real system to understand its behavior in practical application. The simulation of physical phenomena is proposed as a teaching-learning tool, which aims to improve the understanding of the theoretical concepts acquired by students in the physics subject through interactivity, promoting analytical, interpretive and investigative participation. The objective of this project is to strengthen the teaching - learning of physics in the tenth (10th) grade through the implementation of the PhET simulator as a support tool. In the implementation of the PhET simulator, various compendia are articulated that allow the student to develop his educational process in an autonomous way, where the educator is a facilitator of resources and guide of the process. This tool allows the student to be the architect of their own knowledge and approach the understanding of physical principles. The project worked with tenth grade students from the Santa Cruz Technical Educational Institution of the Motavita municipality in the department of Boyacá. During the development of the project, the students showed a positive, dynamic, active attitude, an autonomous development and collaborative work. In addition, the teacher allows him to plan, guide and systematize the teaching process., Maestría, Magíster en Tecnologías Digitales Aplicadas a la Educación, 1°ed, INTRODUCCIÓN ................................................................................................... 17 1. PRESENTACIÓN DEL TRABAJO DE GRADO ............................................... 19 PLANTEAMIENTO DEL PROBLEMA ................................................. 19 1.1.1 Descripción de la situación problema ..................................................... 19 1.1.2 Identificación del problema ..................................................................... 19 1.1.3 Pregunta problema ............................................................................. 27 1.2 ALCANCE ........................................................................................... 27 1.3 JUSTIFICACIÓN ................................................................................. 27 1.4 OBJETIVOS ........................................................................................ 31 1.4.1 Objetivo general .................................................................................. 31 1.4.2 Objetivos específicos .......................................................................... 31 2 BASES TEÓRICAS ......................................................................................... 32 2.1 ESTADO DEL ARTE ........................................................................... 32 2.1.1 Antecedentes históricos ...................................................................... 32 2.1.2 Antecedentes legales .......................................................................... 34 2.1.3 Antecedentes investigativos................................................................ 35 2.2 MARCO REFERENCIAL .................................................................... 42 2.2.1 Marco Teórico ........................................................................................ 42 2.2.1.1 Aprendizaje Activo .............................................................................. 44 2.2.1.2 La física en el aula ............................................................................. 45 2.2.1.3 Modelo pedagógico conductista ......................................................... 45 2.2.1.4 Modelo pedagógico romántico ........................................................... 47 2.2.1.5 Modelo pedagógico cognoscitivista .................................................... 48 2.2.2 Marco Conceptual .............................................................................. 49 2.2.2.1 Las TIC y la simulación en la enseñanza ........................................... 49 2.2.3 Marco Tecnológico ............................................................................. 52 2.2.3.1 Plataforma de simulación PhET ......................................................... 53 2.2.3.2 Plataforma de simulación Symbaloo .................................................. 54 2.2.3.3 Plataforma de simulación Walter Fendt .............................................. 54 3 DISEÑO METODOLÓGICO ............................................................................ 56 3.1 TIPO DE INVESTIGACIÓN................................................................. 56 3.2 HIPÓTESIS ......................................................................................... 56 3.3 VARIABLES ........................................................................................ 57 3.4 OPERACIONALIZACIÓN DE VARIABLES ......................................... 58 3.5 POBLACIÓN Y MUESTRA ................................................................. 59 3.6 PROCEDIMIENTO .............................................................................. 59 3.7 INSTRUMENTOS DE RECOLECCIÓN DE INFORMACIÓN .............. 62 3.8 TÉCNICAS DE ANÁLISIS DE DATOS ............................................... 64 4 CONSIDERACIONES ÉTICAS ........................................................................ 66 8 5 DIAGNÓSTICO INICIAL .................................................................................. 69 6 ESTRUCTURA DE LA PROPUESTA DE INTERVENCIÓN ............................ 77 6.1 PROPUESTA PEDAGÓGICA ............................................................. 77 6.2 COMPONENTE TECNOLÓGICO ....................................................... 95 6.2.1 Selección de temáticas ......................................................................... 101 6.3 IMPLEMENTACIÓN .......................................................................... 119 7 ANÁLISIS E INTERPRETACIÓN DE DATOS ............................................... 135 8 CONCLUSIONES .......................................................................................... 170 9 LIMITACIONES ............................................................................................. 174 10 IMPACTO / RECOMENDACIONES / TRABAJOS FUTUROS .................. 176 BIBLIOGRAFÍA .................................................................................................... 180 ANEXOS .............................................................................................................. 192

Purpose:To safely care for their newborn patients, health-care professionals (HCP) must undergo frequent training to improve and maintain neonatal resuscitation knowledge and skills. However, the current approach to neonatal resuscitation simulation training is time and resource-intensive, and often inaccessible. Digital neonatal resuscitation simulation may present a convenient alternative for more frequent training.Method:Fifty neonatal HCPs participated in the study (44 female; 27 nurses, 3 nurse practitioners, 14 respiratory therapists, 6 doctors). This study was conducted at a tertiary perinatal center in Edmonton, Canada from April–August 2019, with 2-month (June–October 2019) and 5-month (September 2019–January 2020) follow-up. Neonatal HCPs were recruited by volunteer sampling to complete a demographic survey, pre-test (baseline knowledge), two digital simulation scenarios (intervention), and post-test (knowledge acquisition). Two months later, participants repeated the post-test (knowledge retention). Five months after the initial intervention, participants completed a post-test using a table-top simulation (knowledge transfer). Longitudinal analyses were used to compare participants' performance over time.Results:Overall the proportion of correct performance increased: 21/50 (42%) passed the pre-test, 39/50 (78%) the post-test, 30/43 (70%) the 2-month post-test, and 32/40 (80%) the 5-month post-test. GLMM and GEE analyses revealed that performance on all post-tests was significantly better than the performance on the pre-test. Therefore, training with the RETAIN digital simulation effectively improves, maintains, and transfers HCPs' neonatal resuscitation knowledge.Conclusions:Digital simulation improved, maintained, and helped transfer HCPs' neonatal resuscitation knowledge over time. Digital simulation presents a promising approach for frequent neonatal resuscitation training, particularly for distance-learning applications.

Voltage instability detection in good time has become highly demanded in the recent power system operations. This work is a step towards the voltage instability detection using the reactive power loss-based voltage instability detection index SQLVIDI proposed by the authors. This index is validated under real time for Western System Coordinating Council (WSCC 9) bus test system by considering all the dynamic components responsible for voltage instability using real-time digital simulator (RTDS). The proposed index is also compared with synchrophasor technology-based voltage instability monitoring index VIMI in real time. The RTDS results show that the index SQLVIDI is fast in detecting the voltage instability and can be used to monitor voltage stability in real-time power system applications.

В статье представлен опыт адаптации русскоязычной версии цифрового симулятора педагогической деятельности при подготовке будущего педагога, а также возможности моделирования педагогической деятельности с позиции реализации принципов деятельностного подхода. Показано содержание оценки формируемого трудового действия при планировании и проведении занятия будущими педагогами. Описаны требования к оценке сформированности компетенции у будущих педагогов в ходе сценирования и проведения урока на цифровом симуляторе. Представлены критерии оценки формируемого у будущих педагогов трудового действия при планировании и проведении занятий обучающимися в аспекте достижения предметных и метапредметных образовательных результатов на уроке. Представлен опыт взаимодействия с французскими учеными по адаптации русскоязычной версии цифрового симулятора педагогической деятельности для подготовки будущих педагогов. Основная цель взаимодействия заключается в создании симулятора по формированию и развитию действий обучающихся, заявленных в Профессиональном стандарте педагога. Проанализированы преимущества и ограничения использования цифрового симулятора в учебном процессе педагогического вуза. Описаны требования к системе работы с цифровым симулятором и проверяемые профессиональные навыки у обучающихся. Высказывается возможность изменения методики преподавания в педагогическом вузе с использованием цифрового симулятора педагогической деятельности., The article presents the experience of adapting the Russian-language version of the pedagogical activity digital simulator in training a future teacher, as well as the possibility of modeling pedagogical activity from the perspective of implementing the activity approach principles. There is shown the content of the assessment of the formed in the course of planning and conducting classes by future teachers educational action. The article describes the requirements for assessing the formation of future teachers’ competence during the course of staging and conducting the lesson in a digital simulator. There are presented criteria for an assessment of the action formed by future teachers when planning and conducting classes for school children in the aspect of achieving subject and meta-subject educational results at the lesson. The article represents experience of interaction with French scientists on the adaptation of the Russian-language version of the pedagogical activity digital simulator for training future teachers. The main goal of the interaction is to create a simulator for the formation and development of the students’ actions declared in the Professional Standard of the teacher. There are analyzed advantages and limitations of using a digital simulator in the educational process of a pedagogical university. The article describes the requirements for the system of working with a digital simulator and tested professional skills of students. The authors admit a possibility of changing the teaching methodology while applying a pedagogical activity digital simulator at a pedagogical university.

Background: Frequent simulation-based education is recommended to improve health outcomes during neonatal resuscitation but is often inaccessible due to time, resource, and personnel requirements. Digital simulation presents a potential alternative; however, its effectiveness and reception by healthcare professionals (HCPs) remains largely unexplored. Objectives: This study explores HCPs' attitudes toward a digital simulator, technology, and mindset to elucidate their effects on neonatal resuscitation performance in simulation-based assessments. Methods: The study was conducted from April to August 2019 with 2-month (June–October 2019) and 5-month (September 2019–January 2020) follow-up at a tertiary perinatal center in Edmonton, Canada. Of 300 available neonatal HCPs, 50 participated. Participants completed a demographic survey, a pretest, two practice scenarios using the RETAIN neonatal resuscitation digital simulation, a posttest, and an attitudinal survey (100% response rate). Participants repeated the posttest scenario in 2 months (86% response rate) and completed another posttest scenario using a low-fidelity, tabletop simulator (80% response rate) 5 months after the initial study intervention. Participants' survey responses were collected to measure attitudes toward digital simulation and technology. Knowledge was assessed at baseline (pretest), acquisition (posttest), retention (2-month posttest), and transfer (5-month posttest). Results: Fifty neonatal HCPs participated in this study (44 females and 6 males; 27 nurses, 3 nurse practitioners, 14 respiratory therapists, and 6 doctors). Most participants reported technology in medical education as useful and beneficial. Three attitudinal clusters were identified by a hierarchical clustering algorithm based on survey responses. Although participants exhibited diverse attitudinal paths, they all improved neonatal resuscitation performance after using the digital simulator and successfully transferred their knowledge to a new medium. Conclusions: Digital simulation improved HCPs' neonatal resuscitation performance. Medical education may benefit by incorporating technology during simulation training.

We have developed a high-fidelity interactive "video-game" simulator in order to teach fetoscopic laser ablation of placental anastomoses for twin-twin transfusion syndrome This simulator may be used by teachers in order to provide metrics-based simulator education to multiple trainees, in both hands-on and distanced learning settings WHAT IS ALREADY KNOWN ABOUT THIS TOPIC?: The use of simulation improves training of the fetoscopic laser techniques utilized in the treatment of twin-twin transfusion syndrome A number of mannequins have been developed to aid this education WHAT DOES THIS STUDY ADD?: Two new simulators are described for twin-twin transfusion syndrome training-silicone and digital The digital simulator is a novel digital video game virtual format This new format has enhanced interactivity and has the potential to enable distance learning.

The Power Hardware-In-the-Loop (PHIL) technology provides a powerful tool for testing scenarios where there is a high-power interchange, in which the performance of field tests can be very complex or expensive. When performing PHIL simulations of systems with a high number of components, such as DC-distributed systems on a ship or aircraft, the use of switched or average models of the converters can require the use of expensive commercial real-time digital simulators (RTDS) reducing the advantages of these technology. This paper is focused on the proposal of a reduced order model of converters to be able to perform PHIL analysis of Dc-distributed systems using low resources of the required real-time digital simulator. The paper validates that the proposed reduced-order model is able to determine the stability on the Dc-distributed system in comparison with more complex converter models. Moreover, a comparison between both models regarding the required resources in the implementation in a commercial RTDS platform is performed to validate the benefits of the proposed model in performing PHIL analysis of large power distribution systems.

This study demonstrates the capability and performance of the developed state-of-the-art hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) testing platform based on the real-time digital simulator (RTDS). The evaluations of (i) the effects of thyristor-controlled series compensation (TCSC) on the feeder protection first main (unit protection) and (ii) the performance of feeder protection second main (distance protection) of multi-ended transmission circuits with adjacent TCSC are carried out. Realistic parameters of transmission lines and TCSC are used for system modelling, and practical physical relays are used for the testing. The potential impacts of TCSC on both unit protection and distance protection are analysed based on the simulation results and relay measurements from the developed RTDS-based HIL testing platform.

In a Shipboard Power System (SPS), faulty components are separated from the rest of the system after the occurrence of faults. In this situation, it is important to quickly restore the power supply to the affected parts of the SPS and reconfigure the system to improve its reliability and ensure safe and satisfactory operation of the system. Similar to terrestrial power systems, onboard post-fault reconfiguration aims to ensure the maximum delivery power/service to the system’s loads following a fault. In this paper, in order to deal with the reconfiguration problem during the fault situations in Medium Voltage DC (MVDC) SPS, a real-time Simulated Annealing (SA)-based reconfiguration technique is designed and implemented in the Real-Time Digital Simulator (RTDS). To validate the proposed approach, two MVDC SPS models including four and six zonal loads are used to simulate several fault scenarios. The simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach to reconfigure the system under different fault situations in the real-time operation of the SPS.

The torque amplification (TA) in turbine generators connected to a series-compensated network could cause excessive fatigue loss-of-life (FLoL) or even a sudden shaft failure, and thus poses a major threat to the shaft safety. This paper develops an instantaneous transient torque protection (ITTP) scheme to ensure shaft safety. It adopts the shaft speed to estimate transient torque in real-time and then judges whether to trip the generator by comparing the estimated transient torque with the pre-set tripping thresholds. As the key parameters of the proposed protection scheme, the tripping thresholds are delicately tuned based on the most severe circumstance, ensuring the inflicted FLoL less than the tolerable value and avoiding mal-operation under all possible circumstances. A prototype ITTP is developed and its performance is thoroughly verified through real-time digital simulator (RTDS)-based hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) tests on a practical series-compensated power system. The results under a variety of operating conditions and disturbances have well demonstrated the effectiveness of the developed ITTP in estimating transient torque and protecting the generator from damage caused by impulsive transient torque.

The rapid population growth of cities in developing countries (DC) make difficult to distribute the available potable water (PW) with equality. The distribution problem arises from an insufficient amount of PW and because cities water distribution systems (WDS) are not efficient. The novelty of this paper is a self-tuning controller (STC) proposed to manage, along the day, the pressure of water through the nodes of a WDS. It means, pressure management (PM) is proposed to control water levels (WLs) in householders tanks (HTs). The objective is to satisfy with equality the PW demand at different zones of a city forcing the flow of water by managing the pressure. The proposed STC performance is tested on the digital simulator developed to characterize the hydraulic operation of a WDS. The dynamic behaviour of the WDS is determined by the variation of the WL in the tanks of the WDS when water is supplied or extracted from them. The WDS of Mexico City is analysed and the proposed STC is applied to a simplified WDS. The results allow to conclude that the proposed STC could become a supporting tool for the decision making of WDS operators.

Electric railways use a single-phase system, with the line comprising a trolley wire (TF) that supplies power to the load with a neutral wire and an autotransformer (AF) feeder to absorb the return current of the rail. Testing the performance of the protective relay that detects the fault of the traction power-supply system (TPSS) and operates the circuit breaker is very important. Until now, the performance test of protective relays for the TPSS has been conducted via a simple-steady test or using an expensive real-time simulator. However, under a fast-moving environment in which the load consumes a large amount of power, the protective relay must always detect faults and operate properly. This paper proposes a digital simulator that enables the dynamic testing of protective relays without using any steady test and expensive real-time simulators. This simulator includes both external waveform import and internal waveform generation functions. Users can test the operation of the protective relay by entering the waveform generated externally or internally into the protective relay. Additionally, it has the ability to monitor the operating protection elements and pickup time when the protective relay detects a fault and orders the circuit breaker trip.

A micro energy system with distributed energy sources is considered. The article highlights the results of modeling in hardware and software complex Real-Time Digital Simulator (RTDS) and the possibilities of using cloud architectures for the acquisition, transmission and storage of operational data.

This paper presents a hardware-in-the-loop testbed for microgrid protection, primarily intended for real-time testing of non-standard protection curves. Since these curves differ from those available in commercial relays, it is imperative to test their performance in a hardware environment. The protection curves and digital relay logic were embedded in four Texas Instruments C2000 Delfino F28379D Microcontroller unit (MCU) Launchpad tools, representing four relays within the microgrid. The real-time digital simulator (RTDS) was used to inject the analog signals into the MCUs. Fault conditions were used to compare the performance of the standard curves and non-standard ones. The obtained results showed that hardware implementation was successful due to their proximity to the simulation results. Real-time experiments reinforced the feasibility of the non-standard curves for protecting microgrids.

This paper presents a relay model based on a manufactured differential transformer relay, SEL-787, developed in a real-time digital simulator. The objective of this study was to develop the model and to compare its performance to the actual relay and to a generic built-in model. With the proposed model, it is possible to implement studies in real-time simulators not only with the physical relay under analysis, but also with the surrounding protection system. The use of many relays for a real-time simulation test can be very expensive and complex. This paper presents the possibility of using models, based on actual relays, in the surrounding areas to cover all possible protection problems. The proposed model presents a new modeling technique and the comparisons to the relay itself and to the built-in generic model were made not only in terms of algorithms but also in terms of response time. The model’s performance was studied for different situations that interfere with the relay daily operation and it presented good adherence to the actual relay. This could not be observed in the built-in real-time simulator model.

In view of the difficulty in balancing between selectivity and sensitivity of current protection in distribution networks integrated with electric vehicles, a regional current protection method applicable to distribution networks with large-scale electric vehicle penetration is proposed. First, considering the effect of the converter control strategy of electric vehicle chargers, a theoretical analysis is made to determine the expression of the short circuit current that the electric vehicle charger provides when faults occur on feeders. On this basis, according to the minimum short circuit current, the current protection criterion that meets the requirement of sensitivity alone is established. And then, combining multiple start-up signals of the criterion on the fault line and multiple-level neighboring lines after fault occurs, the regional current protection scheme for distribution network is constructed. Finally, simulation tests conducted in Real-Time Digital Simulator (RTDS) of IEEE 33-bus system verify that the proposed method can effectively avoid mal-cooperation between different protection zones which is common in traditional current protection. Besides, the proposed scheme is not affected by factors such as the charging capacity of electric vehicles, the number and the location of charging facilities, etc., and can accurately identify the fault location even when the information is partly missing or in error.

It is increasingly difficult to find quality clinical placements that allow nursing students to work with high acuity patients. To address this need, simulation is recommended; however, human patient simulation is costly from a human and resource perspective. In a search for alternatives, we offered a simulation experience using a virtual interactive digital simulator and evaluated student outcomes. This emerging technology, although not intended to replace human patient simulation, shows promise in enabling easier, more self-directed access to simulation for students.

This paper briefly presents the Radar Workstation Simulator and its benefits for further development of the Cabinet Variant of Surveillance Radar System installed at the Zagreb University of Applied Sciences. The purpose of development and a brief overview of the possibilities of the Radar Workstation is described. With further upgrades, Radar Workstation should become a standalone instrument that gives the user the ability to manage the instrument as a commanding operational center.

This paper describes the development of low-voltage model of different stages of power converter for making the performance evaluation of it under different operational conditions. The operational conditions vary depending on the network to which the converters are to be interfaced—the types as well as the number of operational conditions to be considered are maximum, in particular, when they are to be tied with micro-grid or smart grid systems. The remedial measures of the effect of these changes in operational conditions are to be incorporated into the low-signal control schemes for its reliable, secured and long-term operation. The various real system operational conditions are simulated in real-time digital simulator (RTDS) and the prototype of the developed hardware in low voltage level is interfaced with it.