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5. SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence among the general population and healthcare workers in India, December 2020–January 2021

Author

Anand, Tanu, Babu, Giridhara R., Chauhan, Himanshu, Dikid, Tanzin, Gangakhedkar, Raman R., Kant, Shashi, Kulkarni, Sanket, Muliyil, J.P., Pandey, Ravindra Mohan, Sarkar, Swarup, Shah, Naman, Shrivastava, Aakash, Singh, Sujeet K., Zodpe, Sanjay, Hindupur, Anusha, Asish, P.R., Chellakumar, M., Chokkalingam, D., Dasgupta, Sauvik, Gowtham, M.M.E., Jose, Annamma, Kalaiyarasi, K., Karthik, N.N., Karunakaran, T., Kiruthika, G., Dinesh Kumar, H., Sarath Kumar, S., Sarath Kumar, M.P., Michaelraj, E., Pradhan, Josephine, Arun Prasath, E.B., Gladys Angelin Rachel, D., Rani, Sudha, Rozario, Amanda, Sivakumar, R., Gnana Soundari, P., Sujeetha, K., Vinod, Arya, Murhekar, Manoj V., Bhatnagar, Tarun, Thangaraj, Jeromie Wesley Vivian, Saravanakumar, V., Kumar, Muthusamy Santhosh, Selvaraju, Sriram, Rade, Kiran, Kumar, C.P. Girish, Sabarinathan, R., Turuk, Alka, Asthana, Smita, Balachandar, Rakesh, Bangar, Sampada Dipak, Bansal, Avi Kumar, Chopra, Vishal, Das, Dasarathi, Deb, Alok Kumar, Devi, Kangjam Rekha, Dhikav, Vikas, Dwivedi, Gaurav Raj, Khan, S. Muhammad Salim, Kumar, M. Sunil, Laxmaiah, Avula, Madhukar, Major, Mahapatra, Amarendra, Rangaraju, Chethana, Turuk, Jyotirmayee, Yadav, Rajiv, Andhalkar, Rushikesh, Arunraj, K., Bharadwaj, Dinesh Kumar, Bharti, Pravin, Bhattacharya, Debdutta, Bhat, Jyothi, Chahal, Ashrafjit S., Chakraborty, Debjit, Chaudhury, Anshuman, Deval, Hirawati, Dhatrak, Sarang, Dayal, Rakesh, Elantamilan, D., Giridharan, Prathiksha, Haq, Inaamul, Hudda, Ramesh Kumar, Jagjeevan, Babu, Kalliath, Arshad, Kanungo, Srikanta, Krishnan, Nivethitha N., Kshatri, Jaya Singh, Kumar, Alok, Kumar, Niraj, Kumar, V.G. Vinoth, Lakshmi, G.G.J. Naga, Mehta, Ganesh, Mishra, Nandan Kumar, Mitra, Anindya, Nagbhushanam, K., Nimmathota, Arlappa, Nirmala, A.R., Pandey, Ashok Kumar, Prasad, Ganta Venkata, Qurieshi, Mariya Amin, Reddy, Sirasanambatti Devarajulu, Robinson, Aby, Sahay, Seema, Saxena, Rochak, Sekar, Krithikaa, Shukla, Vijay Kumar, Singh, Hari Bhan, Singh, Prashant Kumar, Singh, Pushpendra, Singh, Rajeev, Srinivasan, Nivetha, Varma, Dantuluri Sheethal, Viramgami, Ankit, Wilson, Vimith Cheruvathoor, Yadav, Surabhi, Yadav, Suresh, Zaman, Kamran, Chakrabarti, Amit, Das, Aparup, Dhaliwal, R.S., Dutta, Shanta, Kant, Rajni, Khan, A.M., Narain, Kanwar, Narasimhaiah, Somashekar, Padmapriyadarshini, Chandrasekaran, Pandey, Krishna, Pati, Sanghamitra, Patil, Shripad, Rajkumar, Hemalatha, Ramarao, Tekumalla, Sharma, Y.K., Singh, Shalini, Panda, Samiran, Reddy, D.C.S., and Bhargava, Balram

Published
2021
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6. SARS-CoV-2 antibody seroprevalence in India, August–September, 2020: findings from the second nationwide household serosurvey

Author

Andhalkar, Rushikesh, Chaudhury, Anshuman, Deval, Hirawati, Dhatrak, Sarang, Gupta, Rajeev Ranjan, Ilayaperumal, Ezhilarasan, Jagjeevan, Babu, Jha, Ramesh Chandra, Kiran, K, Krishnan, Nivethitha N, Kumar, Alok, Kumar, VG Vinoth, Nagbhushanam, K, Nimmathota, Arlappa, Pandey, Ashok Kumar, Pawar, Harpreet Singh, Rathore, Kushal Singh, Robinson, Aby, Singh, Hari Bhan, Wilson, Vimith Cheruvathoor, Yadav, Ashwini, Yadav, Rajiv, Karunakaran, T, Pradhan, Josephine, Sivakumar, T, Jose, Annamma, Kalaiyarasi, K, Dasgupta, Sauvik, Anusha, R, Anand, Tanu, Babu, Giridhara R, Chauhan, Himanshu, Dikid, Tanzin, Gangakhedkar, Raman R, Kant, Shashi, Kulkarni, Sanket, Muliyil, J P, Pandey, Ravindra Mohan, Sarkar, Swarup, Shrivastava, Aakash, Singh, Sujeet K, Zodpey, Sanjay, Das, Aparup, Das, Pradeep, Dutta, Shanta, Kant, Rajni, Narain, Kanwar, Narasimhaiah, Somashekar, Pati, Sanghamitra, Patil, Shripad, Rajkumar, Hemalatha, Ramarao, Tekumalla, Sarkar, Kamalesh, Singh, Shalini, Toteja, Gurudayal S, Zaman, Kamran, Murhekar, Manoj V, Bhatnagar, Tarun, Selvaraju, Sriram, Saravanakumar, V, Thangaraj, Jeromie Wesley Vivian, Shah, Naman, Kumar, Muthusamy Santhosh, Rade, Kiran, Sabarinathan, R, Asthana, Smita, Balachandar, Rakesh, Bangar, Sampada Dipak, Bansal, Avi Kumar, Bhat, Jyothi, Chopra, Vishal, Das, Dasarathi, Deb, Alok Kumar, Devi, Kangjam Rekha, Dwivedi, Gaurav Raj, Khan, S Muhammad Salim, Kumar, C P Girish, Kumar, M Sunil, Laxmaiah, Avula, Madhukar, Major, Mahapatra, Amarendra, Mohanty, Suman Sundar, Rangaraju, Chethana, Turuk, Alka, Baradwaj, Dinesh Kumar, Chahal, Ashrafjit S, Debnath, Falguni, Haq, Inaamul, Kalliath, Arshad, Kanungo, Srikanta, Kshatri, Jaya Singh, Lakshmi, G G J Naga, Mitra, Anindya, Nirmala, A R, Prasad, Ganta Venkata, Qurieshi, Mariya Amin, Sahay, Seema, Sangwan, Ramesh Kumar, Sekar, Krithikaa, Shukla, Vijay Kumar, Singh, Prashant Kumar, Singh, Pushpendra, Singh, Rajeev, Varma, Dantuluri Sheethal, Viramgami, Ankit, Panda, Samiran, Reddy, D C S, and Bhargava, Balram

Published
2021
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7. Kyasanur Forest Disease: An Epidemiological Investigation and Case-Control Study in Shivamogga, Karnataka, India-2022.

Author

Vedachalam, Srividya K., Rajput, Bhavesh L., Choudhary, Sushma, Narayanaswamy, Darshan, Chandra, Sharath, D. M., Pallavi, Rajagopal, Padma M., and Dikid, Tanzin

Subjects
ARBOVIRUS diseases, TICK-borne encephalitis, POSTVACCINAL encephalitis, VIRAL encephalitis, ODDS ratio
Abstract

Objective: Kyasanur Forest Disease (KFD) is a viral zoonosis reported from Karnataka, India. We investigated cases in the Shivamogga district, Karnataka, to describe the epidemiology and identify risk factors in the affected block in 2022. Methods: A case was defined as a laboratory-confirmed KFD-positive resident of Shivamogga from 1 January-31 May 2022. We extracted the records of KFD cases from district surveillance. We conducted a 1:3 case-control study in the Thirthahalli block. We enrolled laboratory-confirmed KFD-positive Thirthahalli residents from January to May 2022 as cases, and residents without "fever with myalgia" as controls. We reported adjusted odds ratios (aOR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI). Results: Shivamogga reported 35 cases, with a median age of 46 (4-75) years, of which 51% were men, and one death. Among 25 cases and 90 controls, knowledge of avoiding recent monkey death sites was low (cases = 0%, controls = 11%). Monkey death sites within 500 m [aOR = 8.6 (1.8-41.9)] and household tick exposure [aOR = 3.7 (1.3-10.7)] were independent risk factors. Conclusion: This was a laboratory-confirmed cluster of KFD cases in Thirthahalli, with residence near a monkey death site and household tick exposure considered significant risk factors. We recommend evaluating monkey carcass disposal procedures and increasing awareness of tick protective measures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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8. Disease surveillance during a large religious mass gathering in India: The Prayagraj Kumbh 2019 experience

Author

Aggrawal, Vikasendu, Dikid, Tanzin, Jain, S.K., Pandey, Ashu, Khasnobis, Pradeep, Choudhary, Sushma, Chandra, Ramesh, Patil, Amol, Maramraj, Kiran Kumar, Talyan, Ashok, Singh, Akhileshwar, Babu, Binoy S., Kumar, Akshay, Kumar, Davendra, Raveesh, P.M., Singh, Jayanti, Kumar, Rakesh, Qadri, S.S., Madan, Preeti, Vardan, Vaishali, Dzeyie, Kevisetue Anthony, Gupta, Ginisha, Mishra, Abhishek, Vaisakh, T.P., Patel, Purvi, Jainul, Azar, Kaur, Suneet, Shrivastava, Anubhav, Dhuria, Meera, Chauhan, Ritu, and Singh, S.K.

Published
2020
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9. Addressing Reemergence of Diphtheria among Adolescents through Program Integration in India

Author

Maramraj, Kiran Kumar, Latha, M.L. Kavitha, Reddy, Rukma, Sodha, Samir V., Kaur, Suneet, Dikid, Tanzin, Reddy, Sukrutha, Jain, S.K., and Singh, Sujeet Kumar

Subjects
Risk factors, Demographic aspects, Health aspects, Forecasts and trends, Market trend/market analysis, Pediatric research, Youth -- Health aspects, Diphtheria -- Demographic aspects -- Forecasts and trends -- Risk factors, Teenagers -- Health aspects
Abstract

Diphtheria is a vaccine-preventable disease of the upper respiratory system caused by toxigenic strains of Corynebacterium diphtheriae. Global casefatality rate (CFR) is estimated at 5%-10%; higher CFRs of up to [...]

Published
2021
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11. Assessment of albendazole efficacy against Ascaris lumbricoides at three sites of Andhra Pradesh, Odisha, and Kerala in India.

Author

Garg, Vinay, Garg, Ankur, Garg, Shubha, Jain, Sudhir Kumar, Dikid, Tanzin, Jain, Saurabh, Manjhi, Jitendra, Montresor, Antonio, and Goel, Atul

Abstract

Objective: To assess efficacy of albendazole against Ascaris (A.) lumbrìcoides among school-children at three sites of Rajahmundry, Sundergarh and Wayanad. Methods: Sites were selected based on soil-transmitted helminths prevalence, different sociocultural-geographical characteristics and operational feasibility. 9-12 Years old children from 14 schools were included. The study was conducted in two rounds: baseline & follow up survey. All eligible children found positive for A. lumbricoides at baseline were administered supervised single tablet albendazole 400 mg under the National Deworming Day Initiative. During post-treatment follow-up survey, eligible children who provided second stool sample were included in the final analysis. Stool samples were examined using WHO recommended Kato-Katz technique. Efficacy was estimated based on cure rate (CR) and Fecal Egg Count Reduction Rate (FECRR) among children found positive in baseline and follow-up surveys. Results: 328 Out of 625 (52.5%) were found positive for A. lumbricoides in the baseline survey and 85 out of 178 samples (47.8%) during post-treatment follow-up survey. Overall, the estimated CR was 52.2%. FECRR (95% CI) for albendazole was 72.6% (79.2%-66.0%). The FECRR was highest in East Godaveri [89.7% (96.8%-82.6%)], followed by Sundergarh [86.4% (95.3%-77.5%)] and Wayanad [69% (81.7%-56.4%)]. Conclusions: Our study confirmed overall reduction in FEC although with varying albendazole efficacy for A. lumbricoides infection at three different locations in India. However, these finding may be assessed in context of ongoing MDA under Filaria control program and further studies by in vivo as well as in vitro methods are required to reach to a conclusion on possible resistance if any. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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16. Risk factors for melioidosis in Udupi District, Karnataka, India, January 2017-July 2018

Author

Singh, Akhileshwar, primary, Talyan, Ashok, additional, Chandra, Ramesh, additional, Srivastav, Anubhav, additional, Upadhya, Vasudeva, additional, Mukhopadhyay, Chiranjay, additional, Shreedhar, Shyamsundar, additional, Sudhakaran, Deepak, additional, Nair, Suma, additional, Papanna, Mohan, additional, Yadav, Rajesh, additional, Singh, Sujeet Kumar, additional, and Dikid, Tanzin, additional

Published
2022
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17. India Field Epidemiology Training Program Response to COVID-19 Pandemic, 2020–2021

Author

Singh, Sujeet Kumar, primary, Dikid, Tanzin, additional, Dhuria, Meera, additional, Bahl, Arti, additional, Chandra, Ramesh, additional, Pradeep, Vaisakh Thandayamparambil, additional, Prajapati, Surendra Mohan, additional, Nirwan, Nishant, additional, Paul, Lipsy, additional, Murhekar, Manoj, additional, Kaur, Prabhdeep, additional, Parasuraman, Ganeshkumar, additional, Bhat, Prashant, additional, Longkumer, Sheila, additional, Dzeyie, Kevisetuo Anthony, additional, Bhatnagar, Pankaj, additional, Minh, Nhu Nguyen Tran, additional, Tanwar, Sukarma, additional, Yadav, Rajesh, additional, and Desai, Meghna, additional

Published
2022
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18. Litchi consumption and missed meals continue to be associated with acute encephalopathy syndrome among children: an investigation of the 2019 outbreak in Muzaffarpur district, Bihar, India

Author

Ponnaiah, Manickam, primary, Dikid, Tanzin, additional, Yadav, Rajesh, additional, Thangaraj, Jeromie Wesley Vivian, additional, Velusamy, Saravanakumar, additional, Vaisakh, T P, additional, Babu, Binoy, additional, Mishra, Abhishek, additional, Patel, Purvi, additional, Papanna, Mohan, additional, Velayudhan, Anoop, additional, Sharma, Rajeev, additional, Shrivastava, Aakash, additional, Jain, S K, additional, Prasad, Ravindra, additional, Kumar, Sanjay, additional, Singh, Varsha, additional, Singh, Sujeet Kumar, additional, and Murhekar, Manoj, additional

Published
2022
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19. Transmission of B.1.617.2 Delta variant between vaccinated healthcare workers

Author

Kemp, Steven, Cheng, Mark TK, Hamilton, William L, Kamelian, Kimia, Chauhan, Himanshu, Dikid, Tanzin, Gogia, Hema, Lall, Hemlata, Ponnusamy, Kalaiarasan, Verma, Kaptan, Dhar, Mahesh Shanker, Singh, Manoj K, Datta, Meena, Soni, Namita, Meena, Namonarayan, Madan, Preeti, Singh, Priyanka, Sharma, Ramesh, Sharma, Rajeev, Kabra, Sandhya, Kumar, Sattender, Kumari, Swati, Sharma, Uma, Chaudhary, Urmila, Sivasubbu, Sridhar, Scaria, Vinod, Wattal, Chand, Oberoi, JK, Raveendran, Reena, Datta, S, Das, Saumitra, Maitra, Arindam, Chinnaswamy, Sreedhar, Biswas, Nidhan Kumar, Parida, Ajay, Raghav, Sunil K, Prasad, Punit, Sarin, Apurva, Mayor, Satyajit, Ramakrishnan, Uma, Palakodeti, Dasaradhi, Seshasayee, Aswin Sai Narain, Thangaraj, K, Bashyam, Murali Dharan, Dalal, Ashwin, Bhat, Manoj, Shouche, Yogesh, Pillai, Ajay, Abraham, Priya, Potdar, Varsha Atul, Cherian, Sarah S, Desai, Anita Sudhir, Pattabiraman, Chitra, Manjunatha, MV, Mani, Reeta S, Udupi, Gautam Arunachal, Nandicoori, Vinay, Tallapaka, Karthik Bharadwaj, Sowpati, Divya Tej, Singh, Sujit, Rakshit, Partha, Agrawal, Anurag, Illingworth, Christopher, Gupta, Ravindra, Hamilton, William L [0000-0002-3330-353X], Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository, Kemp, Steven [0000-0001-7077-6793], and Gupta, Ravindra [0000-0001-9751-1808]

Subjects
Infection Control, SARS-CoV-2, Health Personnel, Vaccination, COVID-19, Humans
Abstract

Breakthrough infections with SARS-CoV-2 Delta variant have been reported in doubly-vaccinated recipients and as re-infections. Studies of viral spread within hospital settings have highlighted the potential for transmission between doubly-vaccinated patients and health care workers and have highlighted the benefits of high-grade respiratory protection for health care workers. However the extent to which vaccination is preventative of viral spread in health care settings is less well studied. Here, we analysed data from 118 vaccinated health care workers (HCW) across two hospitals in India, constructing two probable transmission networks involving six HCWs in Hospital A and eight HCWs in Hospital B from epidemiological and virus genome sequence data, using a suite of computational approaches. A maximum likelihood reconstruction of transmission involving known cases of infection suggests a high probability that doubly vaccinated HCWs transmitted SARS-CoV-2 between each other and highlights potential cases of virus transmission between individuals who had received two doses of vaccine. Our findings show firstly that vaccination may reduce rates of transmission, supporting the need for ongoing infection control measures even in highly vaccinated populations, and secondly we have described a novel approach to identifying transmissions that is scalable and rapid, without the need for an infection control infrastructure.

Published
2022

20. SARS-CoV-2 B.1.617.2 Delta variant replication and immune evasion

Author

Mlcochova, Petra, Kemp, Steven A., Dhar, Mahesh Shanker, Papa, Guido, Meng, Bo, Ferreira, Isabella A. T. M., Datir, Rawlings, Collier, Dami A., Albecka, Anna, Singh, Sujeet, Pandey, Rajesh, Brown, Jonathan, Zhou, Jie, Goonawardane, Niluka, Mishra, Swapnil, Whittaker, Charles, Mellan, Thomas, Marwal, Robin, Datta, Meena, Sengupta, Shantanu, Ponnusamy, Kalaiarasan, Radhakrishnan, Venkatraman Srinivasan, Abdullahi, Adam, Charles, Oscar, Chattopadhyay, Partha, Devi, Priti, Caputo, Daniela, Peacock, Tom, Wattal, Chand, Goel, Neeraj, Satwik, Ambrish, Vaishya, Raju, Agarwal, Meenakshi, Chauhan, Himanshu, Dikid, Tanzin, Gogia, Hema, Lall, Hemlata, Verma, Kaptan, Singh, Manoj K., Soni, Namita, Meena, Namonarayan, Madan, Preeti, Singh, Priyanka, Sharma, Ramesh, Sharma, Rajeev, Kabra, Sandhya, Kumar, Sattender, Kumari, Swati, Sharma, Uma, Chaudhary, Urmila, Sivasubbu, Sridhar, Scaria, Vinod, Oberoi, J. K., Raveendran, Reena, Datta, S., Das, Saumitra, Maitra, Arindam, Chinnaswamy, Sreedhar, Biswas, Nidhan Kumar, Parida, Ajay, Raghav, Sunil K., Prasad, Punit, Sarin, Apurva, Mayor, Satyajit, Ramakrishnan, Uma, Palakodeti, Dasaradhi, Seshasayee, Aswin Sai Narain, Thangaraj, K., Bashyam, Murali Dharan, Dalal, Ashwin, Bhat, Manoj, Shouche, Yogesh, Pillai, Ajay, Abraham, Priya, Potdar, Varsha Atul, Cherian, Sarah S., Desai, Anita Sudhir, Pattabiraman, Chitra, Manjunatha, M. V., Mani, Reeta S., Udupi, Gautam Arunachal, Nandicoori, Vinay, Tallapaka, Karthik Bharadwaj, Sowpati, Divya Tej, Kawabata, Ryoko, Morizako, Nanami, Sadamasu, Kenji, Asakura, Hiroyuki, Nagashima, Mami, Yoshimura, Kazuhisa, Ito, Jumpei, Kimura, Izumi, Uriu, Keiya, Kosugi, Yusuke, Suganami, Mai, Oide, Akiko, Yokoyama, Miyabishara, Chiba, Mika, Saito, Akatsuki, Butlertanaka, Erika P., Tanaka, Yuri L., Ikeda, Terumasa, Motozono, Chihiro, Nasser, Hesham, Shimizu, Ryo, Yuan, Yue, Kitazato, Kazuko, Hasebe, Haruyo, Nakagawa, So, Wu, Jiaqi, Takahashi, Miyoko, Fukuhara, Takasuke, Shimizu, Kenta, Tsushima, Kana, Kubo, Haruko, Shirakawa, Kotaro, Kazuma, Yasuhiro, Nomura, Ryosuke, Horisawa, Yoshihito, Takaori-Kondo, Akifumi, Tokunaga, Kenzo, Ozono, Seiya, Baker, Stephen, Dougan, Gordon, Hess, Christoph, Kingston, Nathalie, Lehner, Paul J., Lyons, Paul A., Matheson, Nicholas J., Owehand, Willem H., Saunders, Caroline, Summers, Charlotte, Thaventhiran, James E. D., Toshner, Mark, Weekes, Michael P., Maxwell, Patrick, Shaw, Ashley, Bucke, Ashlea, Calder, Jo, Canna, Laura, Domingo, Jason, Elmer, Anne, Fuller, Stewart, Harris, Julie, Hewitt, Sarah, Kennet, Jane, Jose, Sherly, Kourampa, Jenny, Meadows, Anne, O'Brien, Criona, Price, Jane, Publico, Cherry, Rastall, Rebecca, Ribeiro, Carla, Rowlands, Jane, Ruffolo, Valentina, Tordesillas, Hugo, Bullman, Ben, Dunmore, Benjamin J., Fawke, Stuart, Graf, Stefan, Hodgson, Josh, Huang, Christopher, Hunter, Kelvin, Jones, Emma, Legchenko, Ekaterina, Matara, Cecilia, Martin, Jennifer, Mescia, Federica, O'Donnell, Ciara, Pointon, Linda, Pond, Nicole, Shih, Joy, Sutcliffe, Rachel, Tilly, Tobias, Treacy, Carmen, Tong, Zhen, Wood, Jennifer, Wylot, Marta, Bergamaschi, Laura, Betancourt, Ariana, Bower, Georgie, Cossetti, Chiara, De Sa, Aloka, Epping, Madeline, Gleadall, Nick, Grenfell, Richard, Hinch, Andrew, Huhn, Oisin, Jackson, Sarah, Jarvis, Isobel, Krishna, Ben, Lewis, Daniel, Marsden, Joe, Nice, Francesca, Okecha, Georgina, Omarjee, Ommar, Perera, Marianne, Potts, Martin, Richoz, Nathan, Romashova, Veronika, Yarkoni, Natalia Savinykh, Sharma, Rahul, Stefanucci, Luca, Stephens, Jonathan, Strezlecki, Mateusz, Turner, Lori, De Bie, Eckart M. D. D., Bunclark, Katherine, Josipovic, Masa, Mackay, Michael, Rossi, Sabrina, Selvan, Mayurun, Spencer, Sarah, Yong, Cissy, Allison, John, Butcher, Helen, Clapham-Riley, Debbie, Dewhurst, Eleanor, Furlong, Anita, Graves, Barbara, Gray, Jennifer, Ivers, Tasmin, Kasanicki, Mary, Le Gresley, Emma, Linger, Rachel, Meloy, Sarah, Muldoon, Francesca, Ovington, Nigel, Papadia, Sofia, Phelan, Isabel, Stark, Hannah, Stirrups, Kathleen E., Townsend, Paul, Walker, Neil, Webster, Jennifer, Scholtes, Ingrid, Hein, Sabine, King, Rebecca, Mavousian, Antranik, Lee, Joo Hyeon, Bassi, Jessica, Silacci-Fegni, Chiara, Saliba, Christian, Pinto, Dora, Irie, Takashi, Yoshida, Isao, Hamilton, William L., Sato, Kei, Bhatt, Samir, Flaxman, Seth, James, Leo C., Corti, Davide, Piccoli, Luca, Barclay, Wendy S., Rakshit, Partha, Agrawal, Anurag, Gupta, Ravindra K., (INSACOG), Indian SARS-CoV-2 Genomics Consortium, Consortium, Genotype to Phenotype Japan (G2P-Japan), Collaboration, CITIID-NIHR BioResource COVID-19, Gupta, Ravindra K [0000-0001-9751-1808], Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository, and Gupta, Ravindra K. [0000-0001-9751-1808]

Subjects
Male, COVID-19 Vaccines, medicine.drug_class, Health Personnel, India, Monoclonal antibody, Virus Replication, Antibodies, Cell Line, Cell Fusion, Immune system, 13/100, medicine, Humans, Neutralizing antibody, Antibodies, Neutralizing, Female, Kinetics, SARS-CoV-2, Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus, Vaccination, Immune Evasion, Neutralizing, 631/326/596/4130, Syncytium, Multidisciplinary, Cell fusion, biology, article, Vaccine efficacy, 631/250/254, Virology, Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus, 13/31, biology.protein, Antibody, Infection
Abstract

The B.1.617.2 (Delta) variant of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) was first identified in the state of Maharashtra in late 2020 and spread throughout India, outcompeting pre-existing lineages including B.1.617.1 (Kappa) and B.1.1.7 (Alpha)1. In vitro, B.1.617.2 is sixfold less sensitive to serum neutralizing antibodies from recovered individuals, and eightfold less sensitive to vaccine-elicited antibodies, compared with wild-type Wuhan-1 bearing D614G. Serum neutralizing titres against B.1.617.2 were lower in ChAdOx1 vaccinees than in BNT162b2 vaccinees. B.1.617.2 spike pseudotyped viruses exhibited compromised sensitivity to monoclonal antibodies to the receptor-binding domain and the amino-terminal domain. B.1.617.2 demonstrated higher replication efficiency than B.1.1.7 in both airway organoid and human airway epithelial systems, associated with B.1.617.2 spike being in a predominantly cleaved state compared with B.1.1.7 spike. The B.1.617.2 spike protein was able to mediate highly efficient syncytium formation that was less sensitive to inhibition by neutralizing antibody, compared with that of wild-type spike. We also observed that B.1.617.2 had higher replication and spike-mediated entry than B.1.617.1, potentially explaining the B.1.617.2 dominance. In an analysis of more than 130 SARS-CoV-2-infected health care workers across three centres in India during a period of mixed lineage circulation, we observed reduced ChAdOx1 vaccine effectiveness against B.1.617.2 relative to non-B.1.617.2, with the caveat of possible residual confounding. Compromised vaccine efficacy against the highly fit and immune-evasive B.1.617.2 Delta variant warrants continued infection control measures in the post-vaccination era., A study of SARS-CoV-2 variants examining their transmission, infectivity, and potential resistance to therapies provides insights into the biology of the Delta variant and its role in the global pandemic.

Published
2022
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23. Evaluation of scrub typhus surveillance, Alwar District, Rajasthan, India, July-August 2020.

Author

Prajapati, Surendra, Kaushal, Kanica, Tiwari, Simmi, Shewale, Ajit, Nale, Tushar, and Dikid, Tanzin

Subjects
PUBLIC health surveillance, HEALTH facilities, CROSS-sectional method, ACQUISITION of data, INTERVIEWING, MEDICAL records, GRAM-negative bacterial diseases
Abstract

Introduction: Scrub typhus is one of the most underreported and fatal illnesses accounting for 23% of all febrile illness. Rajasthan reported cases during 2018–2019 in state reporting system but did not report any case to central Integrated Disease Surveillance Programme (IDSP) unit. We evaluated the Scrub typhus surveillance system in Alwar district, Rajasthan, with the objective of describing and evaluating the system and providing evidence-based recommendations to identify gaps. Material and Methods: In cross-sectional study, we reviewed records and conducted key informant interviews at district- and block-level health facilities. Using US Centers for Disease Control guidelines, we evaluated the system by framing indicators for selected attributes for a defined reference period. Overall performance was ranked as outstanding (90–100%), excellent (80–89%), very good (70–79%), good (60–69%), and poor (<60%). Results: Line list of confirmed cases was sent from district to block level for additional active case search (ACS) to implement control measures. We conducted 26 key informant interviews and reviewed records and calculated simplicity as 79%, flexibility 100%, data quality 46%, acceptability 92%, representativeness 48%, timeliness 43%, and stability 79%. Conclusions: Epidemiological surveillance (active and passive) is a core intervention under scrub typhus surveillance system. Lab reports were incompletely uploaded on IDSP portal. Surveillance reports should be updated after each ACS. Reporting format under IDSP should be uploaded timely, and lab reports from state should be sent within 48 hours of diagnosis so that case investigation is not delayed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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24. Litchi consumption and missed meals continue to be associated with acute encephalopathy syndrome among children: an investigation of the 2019 outbreak in Muzaffarpur district, Bihar, India.

Author

Ponnaiah, Manickam, Dikid, Tanzin, Yadav, Rajesh, Thangaraj, Jeromie Wesley Vivian, Velusamy, Saravanakumar, Vaisakh, T P, Babu, Binoy, Mishra, Abhishek, Patel, Purvi, Papanna, Mohan, Velayudhan, Anoop, Sharma, Rajeev, Shrivastava, Aakash, Jain, S K, Prasad, Ravindra, Kumar, Sanjay, Singh, Varsha, Singh, Sujeet Kumar, and Murhekar, Manoj

Subjects
LITCHI, SYNDROMES in children, BRAIN diseases, MEALS, COMMUNITIES
Abstract

Background Muzaffarpur district in Bihar State of India recorded a resurgence of acute encephalopathy syndrome (AES) cases in the summer of 2019 after no reported outbreak in 3 y. Earlier studies generated evidence that litchi consumption and missing the previous evening's meal were associated with AES. We investigated the recent outbreak to understand the risk factors associated with AES. Methods We conducted a matched case-control study by comparing AES cases with healthy controls from case-households and the neighborhood community for risk factors like missing evening meal and litchi consumption before onset of AES. Results We recruited 61 cases and 239 controls. Compared with the community controls, case-patients were five times more likely to have reported eating litchi in the 7 d preceding the onset of illness (adjusted OR [AOR]=5.1; 95% CI 1.3 to 19) and skipping the previous evening's meal (AOR=5.2; 95% CI 1.4 to 20). Compared with household controls, case-patients were five times more likely to be children aged <5 y (AOR=5.3; 95% CI 1.3 to 22) and seven times more likely to have skipped the previous evening's meal (AOR=7.4; 95% CI 1.7 to 34). Conclusions Skipping the previous evening's meal and litchi consumption were significantly associated with AES among children in Muzaffarpur and adjoining districts of Bihar. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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27. SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence among the general population and healthcare workers in India, December 2020–January 2021

Author

Murhekar, Manoj V., primary, Bhatnagar, Tarun, additional, Thangaraj, Jeromie Wesley Vivian, additional, Saravanakumar, V., additional, Kumar, Muthusamy Santhosh, additional, Selvaraju, Sriram, additional, Rade, Kiran, additional, Kumar, C.P. Girish, additional, Sabarinathan, R., additional, Turuk, Alka, additional, Asthana, Smita, additional, Balachandar, Rakesh, additional, Bangar, Sampada Dipak, additional, Bansal, Avi Kumar, additional, Chopra, Vishal, additional, Das, Dasarathi, additional, Deb, Alok Kumar, additional, Devi, Kangjam Rekha, additional, Dhikav, Vikas, additional, Dwivedi, Gaurav Raj, additional, Khan, S. Muhammad Salim, additional, Kumar, M. Sunil, additional, Laxmaiah, Avula, additional, Madhukar, Major, additional, Mahapatra, Amarendra, additional, Rangaraju, Chethana, additional, Turuk, Jyotirmayee, additional, Yadav, Rajiv, additional, Andhalkar, Rushikesh, additional, Arunraj, K., additional, Bharadwaj, Dinesh Kumar, additional, Bharti, Pravin, additional, Bhattacharya, Debdutta, additional, Bhat, Jyothi, additional, Chahal, Ashrafjit S., additional, Chakraborty, Debjit, additional, Chaudhury, Anshuman, additional, Deval, Hirawati, additional, Dhatrak, Sarang, additional, Dayal, Rakesh, additional, Elantamilan, D., additional, Giridharan, Prathiksha, additional, Haq, Inaamul, additional, Hudda, Ramesh Kumar, additional, Jagjeevan, Babu, additional, Kalliath, Arshad, additional, Kanungo, Srikanta, additional, Krishnan, Nivethitha N., additional, Kshatri, Jaya Singh, additional, Kumar, Alok, additional, Kumar, Niraj, additional, Kumar, V.G. Vinoth, additional, Lakshmi, G.G.J. Naga, additional, Mehta, Ganesh, additional, Mishra, Nandan Kumar, additional, Mitra, Anindya, additional, Nagbhushanam, K., additional, Nimmathota, Arlappa, additional, Nirmala, A.R., additional, Pandey, Ashok Kumar, additional, Prasad, Ganta Venkata, additional, Qurieshi, Mariya Amin, additional, Reddy, Sirasanambatti Devarajulu, additional, Robinson, Aby, additional, Sahay, Seema, additional, Saxena, Rochak, additional, Sekar, Krithikaa, additional, Shukla, Vijay Kumar, additional, Singh, Hari Bhan, additional, Singh, Prashant Kumar, additional, Singh, Pushpendra, additional, Singh, Rajeev, additional, Srinivasan, Nivetha, additional, Varma, Dantuluri Sheethal, additional, Viramgami, Ankit, additional, Wilson, Vimith Cheruvathoor, additional, Yadav, Surabhi, additional, Yadav, Suresh, additional, Zaman, Kamran, additional, Chakrabarti, Amit, additional, Das, Aparup, additional, Dhaliwal, R.S., additional, Dutta, Shanta, additional, Kant, Rajni, additional, Khan, A.M., additional, Narain, Kanwar, additional, Narasimhaiah, Somashekar, additional, Padmapriyadarshini, Chandrasekaran, additional, Pandey, Krishna, additional, Pati, Sanghamitra, additional, Patil, Shripad, additional, Rajkumar, Hemalatha, additional, Ramarao, Tekumalla, additional, Sharma, Y.K., additional, Singh, Shalini, additional, Panda, Samiran, additional, Reddy, D.C.S., additional, Bhargava, Balram, additional, Anand, Tanu, additional, Babu, Giridhara R., additional, Chauhan, Himanshu, additional, Dikid, Tanzin, additional, Gangakhedkar, Raman R., additional, Kant, Shashi, additional, Kulkarni, Sanket, additional, Muliyil, J.P., additional, Pandey, Ravindra Mohan, additional, Sarkar, Swarup, additional, Shah, Naman, additional, Shrivastava, Aakash, additional, Singh, Sujeet K., additional, Zodpe, Sanjay, additional, Hindupur, Anusha, additional, Asish, P.R., additional, Chellakumar, M., additional, Chokkalingam, D., additional, Dasgupta, Sauvik, additional, Gowtham, M.M.E., additional, Jose, Annamma, additional, Kalaiyarasi, K., additional, Karthik, N.N., additional, Karunakaran, T., additional, Kiruthika, G., additional, Dinesh Kumar, H., additional, Sarath Kumar, S., additional, Sarath Kumar, M.P., additional, Michaelraj, E., additional, Pradhan, Josephine, additional, Arun Prasath, E.B., additional, Gladys Angelin Rachel, D., additional, Rani, Sudha, additional, Rozario, Amanda, additional, Sivakumar, R., additional, Gnana Soundari, P., additional, Sujeetha, K., additional, and Vinod, Arya, additional

Published
2021
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28. SARS-CoV-2 B.1.617.2 Delta variant replication and immune evasion

Author

Mlcochova, Petra, Kemp, Steven A., Dhar, Mahesh Shanker, Papa, Guido, Meng, Bo, Ferreira, Isabella A. T. M., Datir, Rawlings, Collier, Dami A., Albecka, Anna, Singh, Sujeet, Pandey, Rajesh, Brown, Jonathan, Zhou, Jie, Goonawardane, Niluka, Mishra, Swapnil, Whittaker, Charles, Mellan, Thomas, Marwal, Robin, Datta, Meena, Sengupta, Shantanu, Ponnusamy, Kalaiarasan, Radhakrishnan, Venkatraman Srinivasan, Abdullahi, Adam, Charles, Oscar, Chattopadhyay, Partha, Devi, Priti, Caputo, Daniela, Peacock, Tom, Wattal, Chand, Goel, Neeraj, Satwik, Ambrish, Vaishya, Raju, Agarwal, Meenakshi, Chauhan, Himanshu, Dikid, Tanzin, Gogia, Hema, Lall, Hemlata, Verma, Kaptan, Singh, Manoj K., Soni, Namita, Meena, Namonarayan, Madan, Preeti, Singh, Priyanka, Sharma, Ramesh, Sharma, Rajeev, Kabra, Sandhya, Kumar, Sattender, Kumari, Swati, Sharma, Uma, Chaudhary, Urmila, Sivasubbu, Sridhar, Scaria, Vinod, Oberoi, J. K., Raveendran, Reena, Datta, S., Das, Saumitra, Maitra, Arindam, Chinnaswamy, Sreedhar, Biswas, Nidhan Kumar, Parida, Ajay, Raghav, Sunil K., Prasad, Punit, Sarin, Apurva, Mayor, Satyajit, Ramakrishnan, Uma, Palakodeti, Dasaradhi, Seshasayee, Aswin Sai Narain, Thangaraj, K., Bashyam, Murali Dharan, Dalal, Ashwin, Bhat, Manoj, Shouche, Yogesh, Pillai, Ajay, Abraham, Priya, Potdar, Varsha Atul, Cherian, Sarah S., Desai, Anita Sudhir, Pattabiraman, Chitra, Manjunatha, M. V., Mani, Reeta S., Udupi, Gautam Arunachal, Nandicoori, Vinay, Tallapaka, Karthik Bharadwaj, Sowpati, Divya Tej, Kawabata, Ryoko, Morizako, Nanami, Sadamasu, Kenji, Asakura, Hiroyuki, Nagashima, Mami, Yoshimura, Kazuhisa, Ito, Jumpei, Kimura, Izumi, Uriu, Keiya, Kosugi, Yusuke, Suganami, Mai, Oide, Akiko, Yokoyama, Miyabishara, Chiba, Mika, Saito, Akatsuki, Butlertanaka, Erika P., Tanaka, Yuri L., Ikeda, Terumasa, Motozono, Chihiro, Nasser, Hesham, Shimizu, Ryo, Yuan, Yue, Kitazato, Kazuko, Hasebe, Haruyo, Nakagawa, So, Wu, Jiaqi, Takahashi, Miyoko, Fukuhara, Takasuke, Shimizu, Kenta, Tsushima, Kana, Kubo, Haruko, Shirakawa, Kotaro, Kazuma, Yasuhiro, Nomura, Ryosuke, Horisawa, Yoshihito, Takaori-Kondo, Akifumi, Tokunaga, Kenzo, Ozono, Seiya, Baker, Stephen, Dougan, Gordon, Hess, Christoph, Kingston, Nathalie, Lehner, Paul J., Lyons, Paul A., Matheson, Nicholas J., Owehand, Willem H., Saunders, Caroline, Summers, Charlotte, Thaventhiran, James E. D., Toshner, Mark, Weekes, Michael P., Maxwell, Patrick, Shaw, Ashley, Bucke, Ashlea, Calder, Jo, Canna, Laura, Domingo, Jason, Elmer, Anne, Fuller, Stewart, Harris, Julie, Hewitt, Sarah, Kennet, Jane, Jose, Sherly, Kourampa, Jenny, Meadows, Anne, O'Brien, Criona, Price, Jane, Publico, Cherry, Rastall, Rebecca, Ribeiro, Carla, Rowlands, Jane, Ruffolo, Valentina, Tordesillas, Hugo, Bullman, Ben, Dunmore, Benjamin J., Fawke, Stuart, Graf, Stefan, Hodgson, Josh, Huang, Christopher, Hunter, Kelvin, Jones, Emma, Legchenko, Ekaterina, Matara, Cecilia, Martin, Jennifer, Mescia, Federica, O'Donnell, Ciara, Pointon, Linda, Pond, Nicole, Shih, Joy, Sutcliffe, Rachel, Tilly, Tobias, Treacy, Carmen, Tong, Zhen, Wood, Jennifer, Wylot, Marta, Bergamaschi, Laura, Betancourt, Ariana, Bower, Georgie, Cossetti, Chiara, De Sa, Aloka, Epping, Madeline, Gleadall, Nick, Grenfell, Richard, Hinch, Andrew, Huhn, Oisin, Jackson, Sarah, Jarvis, Isobel, Krishna, Ben, Lewis, Daniel, Marsden, Joe, Nice, Francesca, Okecha, Georgina, Omarjee, Ommar, Perera, Marianne, Potts, Martin, Richoz, Nathan, Romashova, Veronika, Yarkoni, Natalia Savinykh, Sharma, Rahul, Stefanucci, Luca, Stephens, Jonathan, Strezlecki, Mateusz, Turner, Lori, De Bie, Eckart M. D. D., Bunclark, Katherine, Josipovic, Masa, Mackay, Michael, Rossi, Sabrina, Selvan, Mayurun, Spencer, Sarah, Yong, Cissy, Allison, John, Butcher, Helen, Clapham-Riley, Debbie, Dewhurst, Eleanor, Furlong, Anita, Graves, Barbara, Gray, Jennifer, Ivers, Tasmin, Kasanicki, Mary, Le Gresley, Emma, Linger, Rachel, Meloy, Sarah, Muldoon, Francesca, Ovington, Nigel, Papadia, Sofia, Phelan, Isabel, Stark, Hannah, Stirrups, Kathleen E., Townsend, Paul, Walker, Neil, Webster, Jennifer, Scholtes, Ingrid, Hein, Sabine, King, Rebecca, Mavousian, Antranik, Lee, Joo Hyeon, Bassi, Jessica, Silacci-Fegni, Chiara, Saliba, Christian, Pinto, Dora, Irie, Takashi, Yoshida, Isao, Hamilton, William L., Sato, Kei, Bhatt, Samir, Flaxman, Seth, James, Leo C., Corti, Davide, Piccoli, Luca, Barclay, Wendy S., Rakshit, Partha, Agrawal, Anurag, Gupta, Ravindra K., Mlcochova, Petra, Kemp, Steven A., Dhar, Mahesh Shanker, Papa, Guido, Meng, Bo, Ferreira, Isabella A. T. M., Datir, Rawlings, Collier, Dami A., Albecka, Anna, Singh, Sujeet, Pandey, Rajesh, Brown, Jonathan, Zhou, Jie, Goonawardane, Niluka, Mishra, Swapnil, Whittaker, Charles, Mellan, Thomas, Marwal, Robin, Datta, Meena, Sengupta, Shantanu, Ponnusamy, Kalaiarasan, Radhakrishnan, Venkatraman Srinivasan, Abdullahi, Adam, Charles, Oscar, Chattopadhyay, Partha, Devi, Priti, Caputo, Daniela, Peacock, Tom, Wattal, Chand, Goel, Neeraj, Satwik, Ambrish, Vaishya, Raju, Agarwal, Meenakshi, Chauhan, Himanshu, Dikid, Tanzin, Gogia, Hema, Lall, Hemlata, Verma, Kaptan, Singh, Manoj K., Soni, Namita, Meena, Namonarayan, Madan, Preeti, Singh, Priyanka, Sharma, Ramesh, Sharma, Rajeev, Kabra, Sandhya, Kumar, Sattender, Kumari, Swati, Sharma, Uma, Chaudhary, Urmila, Sivasubbu, Sridhar, Scaria, Vinod, Oberoi, J. K., Raveendran, Reena, Datta, S., Das, Saumitra, Maitra, Arindam, Chinnaswamy, Sreedhar, Biswas, Nidhan Kumar, Parida, Ajay, Raghav, Sunil K., Prasad, Punit, Sarin, Apurva, Mayor, Satyajit, Ramakrishnan, Uma, Palakodeti, Dasaradhi, Seshasayee, Aswin Sai Narain, Thangaraj, K., Bashyam, Murali Dharan, Dalal, Ashwin, Bhat, Manoj, Shouche, Yogesh, Pillai, Ajay, Abraham, Priya, Potdar, Varsha Atul, Cherian, Sarah S., Desai, Anita Sudhir, Pattabiraman, Chitra, Manjunatha, M. V., Mani, Reeta S., Udupi, Gautam Arunachal, Nandicoori, Vinay, Tallapaka, Karthik Bharadwaj, Sowpati, Divya Tej, Kawabata, Ryoko, Morizako, Nanami, Sadamasu, Kenji, Asakura, Hiroyuki, Nagashima, Mami, Yoshimura, Kazuhisa, Ito, Jumpei, Kimura, Izumi, Uriu, Keiya, Kosugi, Yusuke, Suganami, Mai, Oide, Akiko, Yokoyama, Miyabishara, Chiba, Mika, Saito, Akatsuki, Butlertanaka, Erika P., Tanaka, Yuri L., Ikeda, Terumasa, Motozono, Chihiro, Nasser, Hesham, Shimizu, Ryo, Yuan, Yue, Kitazato, Kazuko, Hasebe, Haruyo, Nakagawa, So, Wu, Jiaqi, Takahashi, Miyoko, Fukuhara, Takasuke, Shimizu, Kenta, Tsushima, Kana, Kubo, Haruko, Shirakawa, Kotaro, Kazuma, Yasuhiro, Nomura, Ryosuke, Horisawa, Yoshihito, Takaori-Kondo, Akifumi, Tokunaga, Kenzo, Ozono, Seiya, Baker, Stephen, Dougan, Gordon, Hess, Christoph, Kingston, Nathalie, Lehner, Paul J., Lyons, Paul A., Matheson, Nicholas J., Owehand, Willem H., Saunders, Caroline, Summers, Charlotte, Thaventhiran, James E. D., Toshner, Mark, Weekes, Michael P., Maxwell, Patrick, Shaw, Ashley, Bucke, Ashlea, Calder, Jo, Canna, Laura, Domingo, Jason, Elmer, Anne, Fuller, Stewart, Harris, Julie, Hewitt, Sarah, Kennet, Jane, Jose, Sherly, Kourampa, Jenny, Meadows, Anne, O'Brien, Criona, Price, Jane, Publico, Cherry, Rastall, Rebecca, Ribeiro, Carla, Rowlands, Jane, Ruffolo, Valentina, Tordesillas, Hugo, Bullman, Ben, Dunmore, Benjamin J., Fawke, Stuart, Graf, Stefan, Hodgson, Josh, Huang, Christopher, Hunter, Kelvin, Jones, Emma, Legchenko, Ekaterina, Matara, Cecilia, Martin, Jennifer, Mescia, Federica, O'Donnell, Ciara, Pointon, Linda, Pond, Nicole, Shih, Joy, Sutcliffe, Rachel, Tilly, Tobias, Treacy, Carmen, Tong, Zhen, Wood, Jennifer, Wylot, Marta, Bergamaschi, Laura, Betancourt, Ariana, Bower, Georgie, Cossetti, Chiara, De Sa, Aloka, Epping, Madeline, Gleadall, Nick, Grenfell, Richard, Hinch, Andrew, Huhn, Oisin, Jackson, Sarah, Jarvis, Isobel, Krishna, Ben, Lewis, Daniel, Marsden, Joe, Nice, Francesca, Okecha, Georgina, Omarjee, Ommar, Perera, Marianne, Potts, Martin, Richoz, Nathan, Romashova, Veronika, Yarkoni, Natalia Savinykh, Sharma, Rahul, Stefanucci, Luca, Stephens, Jonathan, Strezlecki, Mateusz, Turner, Lori, De Bie, Eckart M. D. D., Bunclark, Katherine, Josipovic, Masa, Mackay, Michael, Rossi, Sabrina, Selvan, Mayurun, Spencer, Sarah, Yong, Cissy, Allison, John, Butcher, Helen, Clapham-Riley, Debbie, Dewhurst, Eleanor, Furlong, Anita, Graves, Barbara, Gray, Jennifer, Ivers, Tasmin, Kasanicki, Mary, Le Gresley, Emma, Linger, Rachel, Meloy, Sarah, Muldoon, Francesca, Ovington, Nigel, Papadia, Sofia, Phelan, Isabel, Stark, Hannah, Stirrups, Kathleen E., Townsend, Paul, Walker, Neil, Webster, Jennifer, Scholtes, Ingrid, Hein, Sabine, King, Rebecca, Mavousian, Antranik, Lee, Joo Hyeon, Bassi, Jessica, Silacci-Fegni, Chiara, Saliba, Christian, Pinto, Dora, Irie, Takashi, Yoshida, Isao, Hamilton, William L., Sato, Kei, Bhatt, Samir, Flaxman, Seth, James, Leo C., Corti, Davide, Piccoli, Luca, Barclay, Wendy S., Rakshit, Partha, Agrawal, Anurag, and Gupta, Ravindra K.

Published
2021

29. SARS-CoV-2 antibody seroprevalence in India, August–September, 2020: findings from the second nationwide household serosurvey

Author

Murhekar, Manoj V, primary, Bhatnagar, Tarun, additional, Selvaraju, Sriram, additional, Saravanakumar, V, additional, Thangaraj, Jeromie Wesley Vivian, additional, Shah, Naman, additional, Kumar, Muthusamy Santhosh, additional, Rade, Kiran, additional, Sabarinathan, R, additional, Asthana, Smita, additional, Balachandar, Rakesh, additional, Bangar, Sampada Dipak, additional, Bansal, Avi Kumar, additional, Bhat, Jyothi, additional, Chopra, Vishal, additional, Das, Dasarathi, additional, Deb, Alok Kumar, additional, Devi, Kangjam Rekha, additional, Dwivedi, Gaurav Raj, additional, Khan, S Muhammad Salim, additional, Kumar, C P Girish, additional, Kumar, M Sunil, additional, Laxmaiah, Avula, additional, Madhukar, Major, additional, Mahapatra, Amarendra, additional, Mohanty, Suman Sundar, additional, Rangaraju, Chethana, additional, Turuk, Alka, additional, Baradwaj, Dinesh Kumar, additional, Chahal, Ashrafjit S, additional, Debnath, Falguni, additional, Haq, Inaamul, additional, Kalliath, Arshad, additional, Kanungo, Srikanta, additional, Kshatri, Jaya Singh, additional, Lakshmi, G G J Naga, additional, Mitra, Anindya, additional, Nirmala, A R, additional, Prasad, Ganta Venkata, additional, Qurieshi, Mariya Amin, additional, Sahay, Seema, additional, Sangwan, Ramesh Kumar, additional, Sekar, Krithikaa, additional, Shukla, Vijay Kumar, additional, Singh, Prashant Kumar, additional, Singh, Pushpendra, additional, Singh, Rajeev, additional, Varma, Dantuluri Sheethal, additional, Viramgami, Ankit, additional, Panda, Samiran, additional, Reddy, D C S, additional, Bhargava, Balram, additional, Andhalkar, Rushikesh, additional, Chaudhury, Anshuman, additional, Deval, Hirawati, additional, Dhatrak, Sarang, additional, Gupta, Rajeev Ranjan, additional, Ilayaperumal, Ezhilarasan, additional, Jagjeevan, Babu, additional, Jha, Ramesh Chandra, additional, Kiran, K, additional, Krishnan, Nivethitha N, additional, Kumar, Alok, additional, Kumar, VG Vinoth, additional, Nagbhushanam, K, additional, Nimmathota, Arlappa, additional, Pandey, Ashok Kumar, additional, Pawar, Harpreet Singh, additional, Rathore, Kushal Singh, additional, Robinson, Aby, additional, Singh, Hari Bhan, additional, Wilson, Vimith Cheruvathoor, additional, Yadav, Ashwini, additional, Yadav, Rajiv, additional, Karunakaran, T, additional, Pradhan, Josephine, additional, Sivakumar, T, additional, Jose, Annamma, additional, Kalaiyarasi, K, additional, Dasgupta, Sauvik, additional, Anusha, R, additional, Anand, Tanu, additional, Babu, Giridhara R, additional, Chauhan, Himanshu, additional, Dikid, Tanzin, additional, Gangakhedkar, Raman R, additional, Kant, Shashi, additional, Kulkarni, Sanket, additional, Muliyil, J P, additional, Pandey, Ravindra Mohan, additional, Sarkar, Swarup, additional, Shrivastava, Aakash, additional, Singh, Sujeet K, additional, Zodpey, Sanjay, additional, Das, Aparup, additional, Das, Pradeep, additional, Dutta, Shanta, additional, Kant, Rajni, additional, Narain, Kanwar, additional, Narasimhaiah, Somashekar, additional, Pati, Sanghamitra, additional, Patil, Shripad, additional, Rajkumar, Hemalatha, additional, Ramarao, Tekumalla, additional, Sarkar, Kamalesh, additional, Singh, Shalini, additional, Toteja, Gurudayal S, additional, and Zaman, Kamran, additional

Published
2021
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36. Cholera outbreak investigation, Bhadola, Delhi, India, April–May 2018

Author

Singh, Akhileshwar, primary, Gupta, Rakesh, additional, Dikid, Tanzin, additional, Saroha, Ekta, additional, Sharma, Naresh Chand, additional, Sagar, Sanjay, additional, Gupta, Sudha, additional, Bindra, Suneet, additional, Khasnobis, Pradeep, additional, Jain, Sudhir Kumar, additional, and Singh, Sujeet, additional

Published
2020
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38. Outbreak investigation of acute diarrheal disease (ADD) during a religious mass gathering associated with drinking contaminated pipeline water, Radhakund, Uttar Pradesh, India, October— November 2016

Author

Choudhary, Sushma, Sahu, Rajesh, Sodha, Samir V., Dikid, Tanzin, Aggarwal, Chandra Shekhar, Saroha, Ekta, Venkatesh, Shrinivas, and Khasnobis, Pradeep

Abstract

Background: In 2015, there were >12 million acute diarrheal disease (ADD) cases with 1,216 deaths reported in India; 75,347 cases and 320 deaths were reported from Uttar Pradesh state. A suspected ADD outbreak was reported from Radhakund town, Uttar Pradesh (population = 11,488 as per census 2011) on November 11, 2016 during a religious festival with >10,000 pilgrims. We investigated to describe the epidemiology, identify risk factors and recommend preventive measures. Methods: We defined a suspect case as ≥3 loose stools within 24 hours in anyone residing in Radhakund town between October 31 and November 11, 2016. We identified cases by reviewing hospital records and by house—to—house survey. We conducted a 1:2 unmatched case—control study using a structured questionnaire to identify risk factors. Stool for cultures were not collected by hospitals and no active cases were present during the investigation for testing. We assessed water supply and sanitation of the town and tested water samples for fecal contamination. Results: We identified 339 cases (hospital records=273; house-to-house=66) ; 285 (84%) were pilgrims. Median age was 60 years (range 1—80 years), 69% female. There were 117 (35%) hospitalizations and two deaths. Symptoms were vomiting (94%), abdominal pain (23%), and fever (3%). Cases were clustered around areas receiving drinking water from pipeline A and peaked on 3 and 5 November 2016. Among 44 cases and 81 controls, only drinking water from pipeline A (aOR=9.6 [95% CI = 3.0—29.5]) and illiteracy (aOR=23.2 [95% CI = 5.9—91.0]) were associated with illness in multivariate analysis. We observed sewage overflow from community toilets near tube-wells supplying pipeline A. Pipeline A is >40 years old with frequent cracks and leaks. Among four water samples from pipeline A, two were positive for Vibrio cholerae. Conclusions: This was a point-source localized ADD outbreak, probably cholera, predominantly among pilgrims in Radhakund associated with drinking water from a pipeline contaminated with Vibrio cholerae. Despite the limitation of pilgrims not being available for the analytical study, we were able to determine the likely source epidemiologically based on affected residents in the community. We recommended chlorination of water, relocation of public toilets away from tube—wells, repair of pipeline A, routine water surveillance and enhanced sanitation facilities for pilgrims., The Journal of Global Health at Columbia University, Vol. 9 No. 2 (2019): Fall 2019

Published
2019
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44. Responding to COVID-19 pandemic: Why a strong health system is required.

Author

Dikid, Tanzin, Chaudhary, Sushma, Goel, Kapil, Padda, Preeti, Sahu, Rajesh, Kumar, Tripurari, Jain, S, Singh, S, and Narain, Jai

Subjects
*COVID-19 pandemic, *SARS disease, *RESPIRATORY infections, *COVID-19, *EMERGING infectious diseases, *MIDDLE East respiratory syndrome
Abstract

On January 30, 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) declared the CoV epidemic or COVID-19 centred in Wuhan in Hubei province "a public health emergency of international concern" (PHEIC)[[4]]. [The epidemiological characteristics of an outbreak of 2019 novel coronavirus diseases (COVID-19) in China]. 11 Report of the WHO-China Joint Mission on Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). [Extracted from the article]

Published
2020
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47. Genomic characterization and epidemiology of an emerging SARS-CoV-2 variant in Delhi, India.

Author

Dhar MS, Marwal R, Vs R, Ponnusamy K, Jolly B, Bhoyar RC, Sardana V, Naushin S, Rophina M, Mellan TA, Mishra S, Whittaker C, Fatihi S, Datta M, Singh P, Sharma U, Ujjainiya R, Bhatheja N, Divakar MK, Singh MK, Imran M, Senthivel V, Maurya R, Jha N, Mehta P, A V, Sharma P, Vr A, Chaudhary U, Soni N, Thukral L, Flaxman S, Bhatt S, Pandey R, Dash D, Faruq M, Lall H, Gogia H, Madan P, Kulkarni S, Chauhan H, Sengupta S, Kabra S, Gupta RK, Singh SK, Agrawal A, Rakshit P, Nandicoori V, Tallapaka KB, Sowpati DT, Thangaraj K, Bashyam MD, Dalal A, Sivasubbu S, Scaria V, Parida A, Raghav SK, Prasad P, Sarin A, Mayor S, Ramakrishnan U, Palakodeti D, Seshasayee ASN, Bhat M, Shouche Y, Pillai A, Dikid T, Das S, Maitra A, Chinnaswamy S, Biswas NK, Desai AS, Pattabiraman C, Manjunatha MV, Mani RS, Arunachal Udupi G, Abraham P, Atul PV, and Cherian SS

Subjects
Adolescent, Adult, COVID-19 immunology, COVID-19 transmission, Child, Humans, Immune Evasion, India epidemiology, Molecular Epidemiology, Phylogeny, Reinfection, Seroepidemiologic Studies, Young Adult, COVID-19 epidemiology, COVID-19 virology, Genome, Viral
Abstract

Delhi, the national capital of India, experienced multiple severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) outbreaks in 2020 and reached population seropositivity of >50% by 2021. During April 2021, the city became overwhelmed by COVID-19 cases and fatalities, as a new variant, B.1.617.2 (Delta), replaced B.1.1.7 (Alpha). A Bayesian model explains the growth advantage of Delta through a combination of increased transmissibility and reduced sensitivity to immune responses generated against earlier variants (median estimates: 1.5-fold greater transmissibility and 20% reduction in sensitivity). Seropositivity of an employee and family cohort increased from 42% to 87.5% between March and July 2021, with 27% reinfections, as judged by increased antibody concentration after a previous decline. The likely high transmissibility and partial evasion of immunity by the Delta variant contributed to an overwhelming surge in Delhi.

Published
2021
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