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3. Damage Resistance of Kevlar® Fabric, UHMWPE, PVB Multilayers Subjected to Concentrated Drop-Weight Impact

Author

Manal A. Nael, Dmitriy A. Dikin, Natnael Admassu, Omar Bahgat Elfishi, and Simona Percec

Subjects
impact resistance, armor panel, multilayer polymer constructs, Kevlar®, ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene, polyvinyl butyral, Organic chemistry, QD241-441
Abstract

The impact resistance of layered polymer structures using polyvinyl butyral (PVB) in combination with Kevlar® fabric and ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) were fabricated and tested. Methods of wet impregnation and hot-press impregnation and consolidation of fabric with PVB and UHMWPE were used to manufacture multilayer constructs. All sandwich constructs were fixed to the surface of ballistic clay and subject to a free drop-weight test with a conical impactor having a small contact area. All tests were made at the same impact energy of 9.3 J and velocity of 2.85 m/s. The change in the resistance force was recorded using a piezoelectric force sensor at the time intervals of 40 μs. Using experimental force–time history, the change in the impactor’s velocity, the depth of impactor penetration, the energy transformation at various stages of impactor interaction with the sample, and other parameters were obtained. Three indicators were considered as the main criteria for the effectiveness of a sample’s resistance to impact: (1) minimum deformation, bulging, of the panel backside at the moment of impact, (2) minimum absorption of impact energy per areal density, and (3) minimal or, better yet, no destruction of structural integrity. Under the tested conditions, the rigid Kevlar–PVB–Kevlar sandwich at the frontside and relatively soft but flexible UHMWPE–Kevlar–UHMWPE layers in the middle helped to localize and absorb impact energy, while the backside Kevlar–PVB–Kevlar sandwich minimized local bulging providing the best overall performance. The front layer damage area was very shallow and less than two impactor tip diameters. The backside bulging was also less than in any other tested configurations.

Published
2024
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4. Five nanometer size highly positive silver nanoparticles are bactericidal targeting cell wall and adherent fimbriae expression

Author

Lok R. Pokhrel, Zachary L. Jacobs, Dmitriy Dikin, and Shaw M. Akula

Subjects
Medicine, Science
Abstract

Abstract To tackle growing antibiotic resistance (AR) and hospital-acquired infections (HAIs), novel antimicrobials are warranted that are effective against HAIs and safer for human use. We hypothesize that small 5 nm size positively charged nanoparticles could specifically target bacterial cell wall and adherent fimbriae expression, serving as the next generation antibacterial agent. Herein we show highly positively charged, 5 nm amino-functionalized silver nanoparticles (NH2–AgNPs) were bactericidal; highly negatively charged, 45 nm citrate-functionalized AgNPs (Citrate–AgNPs) were nontoxic; and Ag+ ions were bacteriostatic forming honeycomb-like potentially resistant phenotype, at 10 µg Ag/mL in E. coli. Further, adherent fimbriae were expressed with Citrate–AgNPs (0.5–10 µg/mL), whereas NH2–AgNPs (0.5–10 µg/mL) or Ag+ ions (only at 10 µg/mL) inhibited fimbriae expression. Our results also showed no lipid peroxidation in human lung epithelial and dermal fibroblast cells upon NH2–AgNPs treatments, suggesting NH2–AgNPs as a biocompatible antibacterial candidate. Potent bactericidal effects demonstrated by biocompatible NH2–AgNPs and the lack of toxicity of Citrate–AgNPs lend credence to the hypothesis that small size, positively charged AgNPs may serve as a next-generation antibacterial agent, potentially addressing the rising HAIs and patient health and safety.

Published
2022
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8. One-pot multistep Henry-Michael reaction with notable upshots using reduced graphene oxide supported bifunctional catalysts

Author

Dikin Patel, Sanjeev R. Kane, and Chetan K. Modi

Subjects
Bifunctional catalyst, Graphene-based solid support, Multiactive sites, Henry-Michael reaction, One-pot multistep reaction, Chemistry, QD1-999
Abstract

We concocted peculiar and exceedingly sound bifunctional MNPs/AA-rGO (MNPs = Fe and/or Nb2O5 nanoparticles; AA = aromatic and/or aliphatic primary amine derivatives such as benzene-1,4-diamine (BD) or ethylenediamine (ED); rGO = reduced graphene oxide) catalysts with an acid-base twofold activation mechanism bestowing base characteristics by the amine scaffold and Lewis acidic sites triggered by MNPs doped on the peripheral of rGO. Surprisingly, Nb2O5/BD-rGO demonstrated excellent performance for one-pot Henry-Michael reaction via acid-base supportive effect with 90.6 and 88.9% conversions of benzaldehyde and β-nitrostyrene, respectively, and an admirable product selectivity (i.e., 93.2%) of 2-(2-nitro-phenylethyl)malononitrile.

Published
2022
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9. Anti-Ballistic Performance of PPTA/UHMWPE Laminates

Author

Long Zhu, Weixiao Gao, Dmitriy A. Dikin, Simona Percec, and Fei Ren

Subjects
PPTA, UHMWPE, body armor, interlayer adhesion, failure mechanism, Organic chemistry, QD241-441
Abstract

Poly(p-phenylene terephthalamide) (PPTA) and ultra-high-molecular-weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) are high-performance polymer materials largely used for body armor applications. Although composite structures from a combination of PPTA and UHMWPE have been created and described in the literature, the manufacture of layered composites from PPTA fabrics and UHMWPE films with UHMWPE film as an adhesive layer has not been reported. Such a new design can provide the obvious advantage of simple manufacturing technology. In this study, for the first time, we prepared PPTA fabrics/UHMWPE films laminate panels using plasma treatment and hot-pressing and examined their ballistic performance. Ballistic testing results indicated that samples with moderate interlayer adhesion between PPTA and UHMWPE layers exhibited enhanced performance. A further increase in interlayer adhesion showed a reverse effect. This finding implies that optimization of interface adhesion is essential to achieve maximum impact energy absorption through the delamination process. In addition, it was found that the stacking sequence of the PPTA and UHMWPE layers affected ballistic performance. Samples with PPTA as the outermost layer performed better than those with UHMWPE as the outermost layer. Furthermore, microscopy of the tested laminate samples showed that PPTA fibers exhibited shear cutting failure on the entrance side and tensile failure on the exit side of the panel. UHMWPE films exhibited brittle failure and thermal damage at high compression strain rate on the entrance side and tensile fracture on the exit side. For the first time, findings from this study reported in-field bullet testing results of PPTA/UHMWPE composite panels, which can provide important insights for designing, fabricating, and failure analysis of such composite structures for body armors.

Published
2023
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11. Damage Resistance of Kevlar ® Fabric, UHMWPE, PVB Multilayers Subjected to Concentrated Drop-Weight Impact.

Author

Nael, Manal A., Dikin, Dmitriy A., Admassu, Natnael, Elfishi, Omar Bahgat, and Percec, Simona

Subjects
*ULTRAHIGH molecular weight polyethylene, *POLYVINYL butyral, *POLYPHENYLENETEREPHTHALAMIDE, *MULTILAYERS, *PIEZOELECTRIC detectors
Abstract

The impact resistance of layered polymer structures using polyvinyl butyral (PVB) in combination with Kevlar® fabric and ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) were fabricated and tested. Methods of wet impregnation and hot-press impregnation and consolidation of fabric with PVB and UHMWPE were used to manufacture multilayer constructs. All sandwich constructs were fixed to the surface of ballistic clay and subject to a free drop-weight test with a conical impactor having a small contact area. All tests were made at the same impact energy of 9.3 J and velocity of 2.85 m/s. The change in the resistance force was recorded using a piezoelectric force sensor at the time intervals of 40 μs. Using experimental force–time history, the change in the impactor's velocity, the depth of impactor penetration, the energy transformation at various stages of impactor interaction with the sample, and other parameters were obtained. Three indicators were considered as the main criteria for the effectiveness of a sample's resistance to impact: (1) minimum deformation, bulging, of the panel backside at the moment of impact, (2) minimum absorption of impact energy per areal density, and (3) minimal or, better yet, no destruction of structural integrity. Under the tested conditions, the rigid Kevlar–PVB–Kevlar sandwich at the frontside and relatively soft but flexible UHMWPE–Kevlar–UHMWPE layers in the middle helped to localize and absorb impact energy, while the backside Kevlar–PVB–Kevlar sandwich minimized local bulging providing the best overall performance. The front layer damage area was very shallow and less than two impactor tip diameters. The backside bulging was also less than in any other tested configurations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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15. Magnetic field tuned superconductor-to-insulator transition at the LaAlO$_3$ /SrTiO$_3$ interface

Author

Mehta, M. M., Dikin, D. A., Bark, C. W., Ryu, S., Folkman, C. M., Eom, C. B., and Chandrasekhar, V.

Subjects
Condensed Matter - Superconductivity
Abstract

We present a study of the magnetic field tuned superconductor-to-insulator transition (SIT) in the electron gas that forms at the LaAlO$_3$/SrTiO$_3$ interface. We find that the magnetic field induces a transition into a weakly insulating state, as is observed for the electrostatically tuned SIT at this interface. Finite size scaling of the magnetoresistance yields the critical exponent product $z\nu \simeq$ 7/3, indicating that the transition is governed by quantum percolation effects. While such critical exponents have been reported previously for high resistance films, they have not been reported for a low resistance system like ours, with a maximum sheet resistance of $\approx$ 1.5 k$\Omega$, much less than the quantum of resistance $R_Q \equiv h/4e^2 = 6.45$ k$\Omega$., Comment: 5 pages, 4 figures

Published
2013
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16. A soft co-crystalline solid electrolyte for lithium-ion batteries

Author

Prabhat Prakash, Birane Fall, Jordan Aguirre, Laura A. Sonnenberg, Parameswara Rao Chinnam, Sumanth Chereddy, Dmitriy A. Dikin, Arun Venkatnathan, Stephanie L. Wunder, and Michael J. Zdilla

Subjects
Mechanics of Materials, Mechanical Engineering, General Materials Science, General Chemistry, Condensed Matter Physics
Published
2023

17. Evidence for charge-vortex duality at the LaAlO$_3$/SrTiO$_3$ interface

Author

Mehta, Manan, Dikin, D. A., Bark, C. W., Ryu, S., Folkman, C. M., Eom, C. B., and Chandrasekhar, V.

Subjects
Condensed Matter - Superconductivity, Condensed Matter - Materials Science, Condensed Matter - Strongly Correlated Electrons
Abstract

The concept of duality has proved extremely powerful in extending our understanding in many areas of physics (1, 2). Charge-vortex duality has been proposed (3, 4) as a model to understand the superconductor to insulator transition (SIT) in disordered thin films (5, 6) and Josephson junction arrays (7, 8, 9). In this model, on the superconducting side, one has delocalized Cooper pairs but localized vortices; while on the insulating side, one has localized Cooper pairs but mobile vortices. Here we show a new experimental manifestation of this duality in the electron gas that forms at the interface between LaAlO$_3$ (LAO) and SrTiO$_3$ (STO) (10, 11, 12, 13, 14). The effect is due to the motion of vortices generated by the magnetization dynamics of the ferromagnet that also forms at the same interface (14, 15, 16), which results in an increase in resistance on the superconducting side of the transition, but an increase in conductance on the insulating side., Comment: 25 pages, 4 figures, 6 supplementary figures

Published
2012
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18. Coexistence of superconductivity and ferromagnetism in two dimensions

Author

Dikin, D. A., Mehta, M., Bark, C. W., Folkman, C. M., Eom, C. B., and Chandrasekhar, V.

Subjects
Condensed Matter - Superconductivity, Condensed Matter - Materials Science, Condensed Matter - Strongly Correlated Electrons
Abstract

Ferromagnetism is usually considered to be incompatible with conventional superconductivity, as it destroys the singlet correlations responsible for the pairing interaction. Superconductivity and ferromagnetism are known to coexist in only a few bulk rare-earth materials. Here we report evidence for their coexistence in a two-dimensional system: the interface between two bulk insulators, LaAlO$_3$ (LAO) and SrTiO$_3$ (STO), a system that has been studied intensively recently. Magnetoresistance, Hall and electric-field dependence measurements suggest that there are two distinct bands of charge carriers that contribute to the interface conductivity. The sensitivity of properties of the interface to an electric field make this a fascinating system for the study of the interplay between superconductivity and magnetism., Comment: 4 pages, 4 figures

Published
2011
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19. Controllable patterning and CVD growth of isolated carbon nanotubes with direct parallel writing of catalyst using Dip Pen Nanolithography

Author

Kuljanishvili, Irma, Dikin, Dmitriy A., Rozhok, Sergey, Mayle, Scott, and Chandrasekhar, Venkat

Subjects
Condensed Matter - Materials Science
Abstract

We report a process to fabricate carbon nanotubes (CNT) by chemical vapor deposition at predetermined location. This process was enabled by patterning catalyst nanoparticles directly on silicon substrates with nanometer-scale precision using Dip Pen Nanolithography(R) (DPN(R)). A multi-pen writing method was employed to increase the patterning rate. The development of new molecular inks for the deposition of the precursor catalyst resulted in a high yield of isolated carbon nanotubes, ideal for subsequent device fabrication. Here, we demonstrate the advantages of the new method for producing high quality isolated CNT in scalable array geometries., Comment: 17 pages and 4 figures, 6 page supporting information and 4 supporting figures. (Cover article)

Published
2010

20. Conductance asymmetry in point-contacts on epitaxial thin films of Ba(Fe$_{0.92}$Co$_{0.08}$)$_2$As$_2$

Author

Mehta, Manan, Sheet, Goutam, Dikin, D. A., Lee, S., Bark, C. W., Jiang, J., Weiss, J. D., Hellstrom, E. E., Rzchowski, M. S., Eom, C. B., and Chandrasekhar, V.

Subjects
Condensed Matter - Superconductivity
Abstract

Point-contact spectroscopy is a powerful tool for probing superconductors. One of the most common observations in the point-contact spectra on the recently discovered ferropnictide superconductors is a large conductance asymmetry with respect to voltage across the point-contact. In this paper we show that the antisymmetric part of the point-contact spectrum between a silver tip and an epitaxial thin film of Ba(Fe$_{0.92}$Co$_{0.08}$)$_2$As$_2$ shows certain unique features. These features have an interesting evolution with increasing temperature up to a temperature that is 30% larger than the critical temperature $T_c$ of the superconductor. We argue that this evolution can be associated with the rich normal state properties of these materials., Comment: 4 pages, 2 figures

Published
2010
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21. Phase-incoherent superconducting pairs in the normal state of Ba(Fe$_{1-x}$Co$_x$)$_2$As$_2$

Author

Sheet, Goutam, Mehta, Manan, Dikin, D. A., Lee, S., Bark, C. W., Jiang, J., Weiss, J. D., Hellstrom, E. E., Rzchowski, M. S., Eom, C. B., and Chandrasekhar, V.

Subjects
Condensed Matter - Superconductivity
Abstract

The normal state properties of the recently discovered ferropnictide superconductors might hold the key to understanding their exotic superconductivity. Using point-contact spectroscopy we show that Andreev reflection between an epitaxial thin film of Ba(Fe$_{0.92}$Co$_{0.08}$)$_2$As$_2$ and a silver tip can be seen in the normal state of the film up to temperature $T\sim1.3T_c$, where $T_c$ is the critical temperature of the superconductor. Andreev reflection far above $T_c$ can be understood only when superconducting pairs arising from strong fluctuation of the phase of the complex superconducting order parameter exist in the normal state. Our results provide spectroscopic evidence of phase-incoherent superconducting pairs in the normal state of the ferropnictide superconductors., Comment: 4 pages including 3 figures

Published
2010
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24. Simple approach for high-contrast optical imaging and characterization of graphene-based sheets

Author

Jung, Inhwa, Pelton, Matthew, Piner, Richard, Dikin, Dmitriy A., Stankovich, Sasha, Watcharotone, Supinda, Hausner, Martina, and Ruoff, Rodney S.

Subjects
Condensed Matter - Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics, Condensed Matter - Materials Science
Abstract

A simple optical method is presented for identifying and measuring the effective optical properties of nanometer-thick, graphene-based materials, based on the use of substrates consisting of a thin dielectric layer on silicon. High contrast between the graphene-based materials and the substrate is obtained by choosing appropriate optical properties and thickness of the dielectric layer. The effective refractive index and optical absorption coefficient of graphene oxide, thermally reduced graphene oxide, and graphene are obtained by comparing the predicted and measured contrasts., Comment: New measurements, calculations modified, discussion revised

Published
2007
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26. Novel pinning phenomena in a superconducting film with a square lattice of artificial pinning centers

Author

Jiang, Z., Dikin, D. A., Metlushko, V. V., Moshchalkov, V. V., and Chandrasekhar, V.

Subjects
Condensed Matter - Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics
Abstract

We study the transport properties of a superconducting Nb film with a square lattice of artificial pinning centers (APCs) as a function of dc current, at a temperature close to the superconducting transition temperature of the film. We find that, at low dc currents, the differential resistance of the film shows the standard matching field anomaly, that is, the differential resistance has a local minimum at magnetic fields corresponding to an integer number of flux lines per APC. However, at higher dc currents, the differential resistance at each matching field turns to a local maximum, which is exactly opposite to the low current behavior. This novel effect might indicate that the flux lines in the APC system change their flow mode as the dc current is increased., Comment: 10 pages, 4 figures

Published
2003
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27. Conduction in Carbon Nanotubes Through Metastable Resonant States

Author

Zhang, Zhengfan, Chandrasekhar, Venkat, Dikin, Dmitriy A., and Ruoff, Rodney S.

Subjects
Condensed Matter - Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics
Abstract

We report here on electrical measurements on individual multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) that show that the presence or movement of impurities or defects in the carbon nanotube can radically change its low temperature transport characteristics. The low temperature conductance can either decrease monotonically with decreasing temperature, or show a sudden increase at very low temperatures, sometimes in the same sample at different times. This unusual behavior of the temperature dependence of the conductance is correlated with large variations in the differential conductance as a function of the dc voltage across the wire. The effect is well described as arising from quantum interference of conduction channels corresponding to direct transmission through the nanotube and resonant transmission through a discrete electron state, the so-called Fano resonance., Comment: 4 pages, 4 figures

Published
2003
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28. Nucleation of superconductivity in mesoscopic star-shaped superconductors

Author

Dikin, D. A., Chandrasekhar, V., Misko, V. R., Fomin, V. M., and Devreese, J. T.

Subjects
Condensed Matter - Superconductivity
Abstract

We study the phase transition of a star-shaped superconductor, which covers smoothly the range from zero to two dimensions with respect to the superconducting coherence length. Detailed measurements and numerical calculations show that the nucleation of superconductivity in this device is very inhomogeneous, resulting in rich structure in the superconducting transition as a function of temperature and magnetic field. The superconducting order parameter is strongly enhanced and mostly robust in regions close to multiple boundaries., Comment: 4 pages, 5 figures, E-mail addresses: v-chandrasekhar@northwestern.edu (V. Chandrasekhar), devreese@uia.ua.ac.be (J. T. Devreese)

Published
2002
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29. Quantitative measurements of the thermopower of Andreev interferometers

Author

Dikin, D. A., Jung, S., and Chandrasekhar, V.

Subjects
Condensed Matter - Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics, Condensed Matter - Superconductivity
Abstract

Using a new second derivative technique and thermometers which enable us to determine the local electron temperature in a mesoscopic metallic sample, we have obtained quantitative measurements of the low temperature field and temperature dependent thermopower of Andreev interferometers. As in previous experiments, the thermopower is found to oscillate as a function of magnetic field. The temperature dependence of the thermopower is nonmonotonic, with a minimum at a temperature of $\simeq0.5$ K. These results are discussed from the perspective of Andreev reflection at the normal-metal/superconductor interface., Comment: 6 pages, 4 figures

Published
2001
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30. Low temperature thermal properties of mesoscopic normal-metal/superconductor heterostructures

Author

Dikin, D. A., Jung, S., and Chandrasekhar, V.

Subjects
Condensed Matter - Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics, Condensed Matter - Superconductivity
Abstract

Although the electrical transport properties of mesoscopic metallic samples have been investigated extensively over the past two decades, the thermal properties have received far less attention. This may be due in part to the difficulty of performing thermal measurements on sub-micron scale samples. We report here quantitative measurements of the thermal conductance and thermopower of a hybrid normal-metal/superconductor heterostructure, which are made possible by the recent development of a local-thermometry technique. As with electrical transport measurements, these thermal measurements reveal signatures of the phase coherent nature of electron transport in these devices., Comment: 4 pages, 3 figures

Published
2001
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31. Magnetoresistance of proximity coupled Au wires

Author

Dikin, D. A., Black, M. J., and Chandrasekhar, V.

Subjects
Condensed Matter - Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics, Condensed Matter - Superconductivity
Abstract

We report measurements of the magnetoresistance (MR) of narrow Au wires coupled to a superconducting Al contact on one end, and a normal Au contact on the other. The MR at low magnetic field $B$ is quadratic in $B$, with a characteristic field scale $B_c$ determined by phase coherent paths which encompass not only the wire, but also the two contacts. $B_c$ is essentially temperature independent at low temperatures, indicating that the area of the phase coherent paths is not determined by the superconducting coherence length $L_T$ in the normal metal, which is strongly temperature dependent at low temperatures. We identify the relevant length scale as a combination of the electron phase coherence length $L_\phi$ in the normal metal and the coherence length $\xi_S$ in the superconductor.

Published
2001
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34. Pilot study on biocompatibility of fluorescent nanodiamond-(NV)-Z~800 particles in rats: safety, pharmacokinetics, and bio-distribution (part III)

Author

Barone FC, Marcinkiewicz C, Li J, Sternberg M, Lelkes PI, Dikin DA, Bergold PJ, Gerstenhaber JA, and Feuerstein G

Subjects
Fluorescent Nanodiamond Particles, Bio-compatibility, Near Infra-Red imaging, Scanning Electron Microscopy, Neurobehavioral Function, Pharmacokinetics, Rat, Medicine (General), R5-920
Abstract

Frank C Barone,1 Cezary Marcinkiewicz,2,3 Jie Li,1 Mark Sternberg,3 Peter I Lelkes,2 Dmitriy A Dikin,4 Peter J Bergold,1 Jonathan A Gerstenhaber,2 Giora Feuerstein3 1Department of Neurology, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, USA; 2Department of Bioengineering, Temple University, College of Engineering, Philadelphia, PA, USA; 3Debina Diagnostics Inc, Newtown Square, PA, USA; 4Department of Mechanical Engineering, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA Introduction: We hereby report on studies aimed to characterize safety, pharmacokinetics, and bio-distribution of fluorescent nanodiamond particles (NV)-Z~800 (FNDP-(NV)) administered to rats by intravenous infusion in a single high dose. Methods: Broad scale biological variables were monitored following acute (90 minutes) and subacute (5 or 14 days) exposure to FNDP-(NV). Primary endpoints included morbidity and mortality, while secondary endpoints focused on hematology and clinical biochemistry biomarkers. Particle distribution (liver, spleen, lung, heart, and kidney) was assessed by whole organ near infrared imaging using an in vivo imaging system. This was validated by the quantification of particles extracted from the same organs and visualized by fluorescent and scanning electron microscopy. FNDP-(NV)-treated rats showed no change in morbidity or mortality and preserved normal motor and sensory function, as assessed by six different tests. Results: Blood cell counts and plasma biochemistry remained normal. The particles were principally distributed in the liver and spleen. The liver particle load accounted for 51%, 24%, and 18% at 90 minutes, 5 days, and 14 days, respectively. A pilot study of particle clearance from blood indicated 50% clearance 33 minutes following the end of particle infusion. Conclusion: We concluded that systemic exposure of rats to a single high dose of FDNP-(NV)-Z~800 (60 mg/kg) appeared to be safe and well tolerated over at least 2 weeks. These data suggest that FNDP-(NV) should proceed to preclinical development in the near future. Keywords: fluorescent nanodiamond particles, biocompatibility, near infrared imaging, scanning electron microscopy, neurobehavioral function, pharmacokinetics, rat

Published
2018

37. Improving Interlayer Adhesion of Poly(p-phenylene terephthalamide) (PPTA)/Ultra-high-molecular-weight Polyethylene (UHMWPE) Laminates Prepared by Plasma Treatment and Hot Pressing Technique

Author

Long Zhu, Dmitriy A. Dikin, Simona Percec, and Fei Ren

Subjects
poly(p-phenylene terephthalamide), ultra-high-molecular-weight polyethylene, plasma treatment, interlamellar adhesion, Organic chemistry, QD241-441
Abstract

Poly(p-phenylene terephthalamide) (PPTA) is a high-performance polymer that has been utilized in a range of applications. Although PPTA fibers are widely used in various composite materials, laminar structures consisting of PPTA and ultra-high-molecular-weight polyethylene (UHMWPE), are less reported. The difficulty in making such composite structures is in part due to the weakness of the interface formed between these two polymers. In this study, a layered structure was produced from PPTA fabrics and UHMWPE films via hot pressing. To improve the interlayer adhesion, oxygen plasma was used to treat the PPTA and the UHMWPE surfaces prior to lamination. It has been found that while plasma treatment on the UHMWPE surface brought about a moderate increase in interlayer adhesion (up to 14%), significant enhancement was achieved on the samples fabricated with plasma treated PPTA (up to 91%). It has been assumed that both surface roughening and the introduction of functional groups contributed to this improvement.

Published
2021
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40. Genomic Reconstruction of the Introduction and Diversification of Golden Potato Cyst Nematode Populations in Indonesia

Author

Wouter Van As, Martijn Holterman, Joris J.M. van Steenbrugge, Nurul Dwi Handayani, Wim Bert, Johannes Helder, Sven van den Elsen, Antarjo Dikin, and Prabowo Lestari

Subjects
Evolution, Nematodes, Globodera rostochiensis, Population, Potato cyst nematode, Genomics, Plant Science, Genome, Animals, Tylenchoidea, Host–parasite interactions, education, Indel, Laboratorium voor Nematologie, Phylogeny, Disease control and pest management, Plant Diseases, Solanum tuberosum, education.field_of_study, Phylogenetic tree, biology, Pathogen effectors, PE&RC, biology.organism_classification, Indonesia, Evolutionary biology, EPS, Laboratory of Nematology, Agronomy and Crop Science, Reference genome
Abstract

Potato cyst nematodes (PCNs), the umbrella term for Globodera rostochiensis and G. pallida, coevolved with their Solanaceous hosts in the Andean Mountain region. From there, PCN proliferated worldwide to virtually all potato production areas. PCN is a major factor limiting the potato production in Indonesia. In our survey, only G. rostochiensis was found. Fourteen field populations were collected on Java and Sumatra, and unique variants were called by mapping resequencing data on a G. rostochiensis reference genome. A phylogenetic tree based on 1.4 million unique variants showed a genotypic separation between the outgroup, a Scottish Ro1 population, and all Indonesian populations. This separation was comparable in size with the genotypic distinction between the Javanese and the Sumatran PCN populations. Next, variants within PCN effector gene families SPRYSEC, 1106, 4D06, and venom allergen-like protein (VAL) that all interfere with the host innate immune system were compared. Distinct selective pressures acted on these effector families; while SPRYSECs (4,341 single-nucleotide polymorphisms [SNPs]/insertions or deletions of bases [indels]) behaved like neutral genes, the phylogenetic trees of 1106, 4D06, and VAL proteins (235, 790, and 150 SNPs/indels, respectively) showed deviating topologies. Our data suggest that PCN was introduced on Java not too long after the introduction of potato in the middle of the eighteenth century. Soon thereafter, the pathogen established on Sumatra and started to diversify independently. This scenario was corroborated by diversification patterns of the effector families 1106, 4D06, and VAL. Our data demonstrate how genome resequencing data from a nonindigenous pathogen can be used to reconstruct the introduction and diversification process.

Published
2022

44. 〖Ver.HD〗 Argentina, 1985 Pelicula Completa Online en Español y Latino

Author

Dikin

Abstract

Ver 𝐏elícula 𝐂ompleta Argentina, 1985 Online en 𝐄spañol Latino Argentina, 1985 (2022) 𝐏elícula 𝐂ompleta Online en 𝐄spañol ... Cómo y Dónde Ver la 𝐏elícula ‘Argentina, 1985 ’ en Latinoamérica y España. Aquí Puedes Ver la 𝐏elícula Argentina, 1985 (2022) Online y Gratis en 𝐄spañol y Latino ► Clic aquí para ver Argentina, 1985 online y gratis ► Clic aquí para ver Argentina, 1985 online y gratis Argentina, 1985 Pelicula 𝐂ompleta | 4K [Blu Ray] 460p - 720p - 1080p - Flv - Mp4 Conoce cómo y dónde ver la 𝐏elícula 𝐂ompleta de Argentina, 1985 (2022) online gratis en 𝐄spañol. No te preocupes, acá te dejo opciones para ver Argentina, 1985 online. ¿Dónde Ver ‘Argentina, 1985 ’ 𝐏elícula Online 𝐄spañol y Latino? Estas plataformas para ver Argentina, 1985 gratis en casa: Revisa las opciones para ver Argentina, 1985 gratis online en toda Latinoamérica, sin necesidad de descargar y sin tener que registrarse. Además, al final encontrarás portales para ver estrenos recientes de Chile, Argentina y España, y así disfrutar en familia, solos o con amigos de las mejores 𝐏elículas de la actualidad como también de la historia del 𝐏elícula. Disfruta ver desde tu casa Argentina, 1985 pelicula 𝐂ompleta en 𝐄spañol 2022 sin registrarse. Argentina, 1985 (2022): Todo sobre la información y cómo ver la 𝐏elícula Toei Animation en 𝐄spañol 𝐏elícula sobre el joven piloto de pruebas Argentina, 1985 quién luego se convertiría en el popular juguete que todos los niños querrían tener en Toy Story. ¿Dónde está Argentina, 1985 ? ¿Dónde Ver Argentina, 1985 online, la 𝐏elícula 𝐂ompleta 𝐄spañol Latino? Argentina, 1985 𝐏elícula 𝐂ompleta (2022) ya esta disponibles en plataforma de streaming como Crunchyroll, Netflix, HBO Max, Amazon Prime Video, Cuevana3.today, y otros para ver 𝐏elículas. 'Argentina, 1985 ' Fecha de estreno Así puedes ver en México la nueva 𝐏elícula de Dragón Ball Súper 2022 De acuerdo con los spoilers y filtraciones sobre Dragón Ball Súper: Súper Héroes, la cinta no llegará a los cines de México, por lo que queda sólo una alternativa oficial para ver la nueva 𝐏elícula del animé más popular de todos los tiempos en la que además, se espera una nueva transformación de Gohan. Para ver la 𝐏elícula de Dragón Ball Súper: Súper Héroes en México, en éste artículo vamos a saber dónde ver la 𝐏elícula Argentina, 1985 online y gratis en calidad HD sin cortes, el servicio de streaming de animé, conocido como 'Cuevana3.today' Latinoamérica anunció que esta cinta llegará a su catálogo a partir del mes de 11 de junio de 2022. Aunque los cines de México no han anunciado si habrá una proyección de la 𝐏elícula en sus salas de todo el país, no se descarta que Dragón Ball Súper: Súper Héroes llegue en formato de pantalla grande a Latinoamérica de la mano de Toei Animation. Cómo y Dónde Ver la 𝐏elícula Argentina, 1985 (2022) en 𝐄spañol y Latino Ahora si, después de una breve reseña sobre Argentina, 1985 , te voy dejar algunas opciones para verla de manera online. ¿Cómo puedo ver la 𝐏elícula de Argentina, 1985 online gratis? o ¿Cómo descargar Argentina, 1985 desde la móvil? ¿Dónde se puede ver Argentina, 1985 en 𝐄spañol online? Conoce cómo y dónde ver Argentina, 1985 online, la 𝐏elícula 𝐂ompleta en 𝐄spañol latino y castellano o subtitulado, ver 𝐏elículas online y gratis en alta calidad. Aquí Puedes Ver la 𝐏elícula Argentina, 1985 Online en 𝐄spañol, Latino y Castellano, 𝐏elícula 𝐂ompleta HD Gratis con Audio y Subtitulada. Argentina, 1985 (2022) 𝐏elícula 𝐂ompleta sin cortes en la mejor calidad HD. Disfruta del cine online gratis. Disfruta ver desde tu casa Argentina, 1985 𝐂ompleta gratis en 𝐄spañol sin registrarse. Ver Argentina, 1985 y descargar 𝐏elículas y Series en Latino, 𝐄spañol, Subtitulado e ingles, los últimos estrenos en la mejor calidad HD sin cortes. La Mejor Pagina de Peliculas y Series Online en Audio Latino Subtitulos 𝐄spañol y Castellano FULL HD. Las últimas peliculas online las encuentras aquí. Tenemos el mejor catálogo de peliculas totalmente GRATIS. Cuevana3.today es un sitio de 𝐏elículas gratis en 𝐄spañol latino y castellano que surge para permitir a los usuarios disfrutar y pasar un buen rato en familia. Esto es cómo ver Argentina, 1985 online, la 𝐏elícula 𝐂ompleta en 𝐄spañol y subtítulos. Existen dos grandes problemas a la hora de ver 𝐏elícula Argentina, 1985 gratis en internet: Los continuos parones en la reproducción de la 𝐏elícula y la calidad en la que se reproduce. Seguramnte en más de una ocasión has buscado en Google “¿cómo puedo ver Argentina, 1985 la 𝐏elícula 𝐂ompleta en 𝐄spañol?” o “¿dónde puedo ver Argentina, 1985 la 𝐏elícula 𝐂ompleta?”. No lo niegues. No eres el único. Todos los días, millones de personas intentan ver 𝐏elícula online desde sus computadoras, laptops, smartphones, tablets o cual sea el dispositivo móvil de su preferencia. Sin embargo, la navegación muchas veces termina en páginas web que no cumplen lo prometido, que aseguran tener los últimos estrenos, pero que solo te derivan de un site a otro, que te obligan a dar clic tras clic mientras te llenan la pantalla de publicidad, para finalmente dirigirte hasta un enlace que no funciona o que demora mucho en cargar. Esto hace que sea imposible disfrutar de verdad de una tarde/noche de 𝐏elículas. Además existe una ley no escrita y es que este tipo de cosas suelen ocurrir los mejores momentos de la 𝐏elícula y acaba frustrando. Que esto ocurra se debe a muchos factores como: la conexión a Internet, la página desde la que estés viendo la 𝐏elícula gratis o la calidad de reproducción elegida. Todos estos problemas se pueden solucionar, salvo la velocidad de tu internet, por ello en este aqui encontrarás solo páginas para ver 𝐏elículas en Internet gratis en castellano y sin cortes de gran calidad dónde estás problemas no existen o son muy poco comunes. Por supuesto esta página están libres de virus y el listado se actualiza conforme a las nuevas páginas que van apareciendo y aquellas que se van cerrando. De las páginas más conocidas, cabe duda de que cumple su objetivo a la perfección ¡Ver 𝐏elícula Argentina, 1985 online sin registrase en 𝐄spañol y otros idiomas! Se trata de una página muy bien distribuida en la que puedes encontrar casi cualquier 𝐏elículas 𝐂ompletas online, sin publicidad y en calidad Full HD y 4K. Disfrutar de la 𝐏elícula 𝐂ompleta Argentina, 1985 online, gratis y legal. Podrás ver la 𝐏elícula 𝐂ompleta de Argentina, 1985 online sin registrarse. Con sólo aterrizar ya verás la nueva 𝐏elícula agregadas recientemente gratis. Si eres un fanático de las 𝐏elículas como ‘One Piece la 𝐏elícula: Red’ y ‘Jujutsu Kaisen 0’, puedes acceder directamente a ellas desde el Menú principal en el tope de la página. Dispone incluso de la posibilidad de que solicites una 𝐏elícula en concreto si no la has encontrado en el listado de la web. Ver aqui Argentina, 1985 𝐂ompleta gratis y sin ads. En 𝐄spañol latino y subtitulada en linea, calidad hd y 4k. Desde Cuevana3.today podrás ver y descargar la 𝐏elícula 𝐂ompleta de Argentina, 1985 en HD y Gratis con Audio y Subtitulado. Disfruta viendo gratuita y con 𝐄spañol latino subtitulado y muy buena calidad de imagen. Recuerda que ver Argentina, 1985 online en Cuevana3.today es totalmente gratis. Si tienes algún tipo de problema con la pelicula Argentina, 1985 , puedes informarlo en nuestras redes sociales. En Cuevana3.today te facilitamos los enlaces para ver peliculas online gratis y sin ningún tipo de registro o restricción. Así puedes ver Argentina, 1985 incluso miles de 𝐏elículas gratis en 𝐄spañol Más allá de las plataformas de YouTube, puedes ver 𝐏elículas gratis en Internet sin necesidad de pagar una suscripción. Y de forma totalmente legal, sin incumplir ninguna regla y pudiendo disfrutar en casa de grandes clásicos. Puedes ver la 𝐏elícula Argentina, 1985 gratis en Cuevana3.today, no necesitas pagar nada ni suscribirte nada. Este es el único lugar en el que puedes ver la 𝐏elícula Argentina, 1985 online gratis de gran calidad, grandes clásicos de todo tipo y miles de opciones diferentes: ciencia ficción, comedia, terror, cine negro… La página web Cuevana3.today ofrece miles de 𝐏elículas que puedes ver online sin ningún tipo de coste. Desde la propia web puedes comenzar el streaming gracias al reproductor incorporado, solo tienes que esperar que cargue al completo para que no se corte a medida que avanzan las escenas. O simplemente darle al play si tienes una buena conexión a internet. Además, la gran ventaja de Cuevana3.today es que no solo puedes ver la 𝐏elícula online, sino que puedes descargarla en diferentes formatos si necesitases llevarla a otro dispositivo como, por ejemplo, de tu ordenador a tu Smart TV. Eso sí, la única pega que encontrarás es que la mayoría de las 𝐏elículas (o casi todas) están en 𝐄spañol. La ventaja es que puedes descargarlo si necesitas incluir subtítulos que probablemente puedas encontrar fácilmente en él. Una vez que sepas cómo funciona, hay miles de títulos disponibles y puedes filtrar por año, por tipo e incluso por directores o “creadores” de la 𝐏elícula. Etiqueta de Google Ver Argentina, 1985 online Argentina, 1985 online en 𝐄spañol Argentina, 1985 pelicula 𝐂ompleta Ver Argentina, 1985 online gratis Ver Argentina, 1985 online latino Dónde ver Argentina, 1985 en 𝐄spañol Argentina, 1985 pelicula 𝐂ompleta en 𝐄spañol Argentina, 1985 pelicula 𝐂ompleta en 𝐄spañ

Published
2022
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48. Diadiponitrilelithium hexafluorophosphate: a soft-Solid Co-Crystalline Electrolyte Combining Advantages of Organic and Ceramic Electrolytes

Author

Prabhat Prakash, Birane Fall, Jordan Aguirre, Parameswara Rao Chinnam, Sumanth Chereddy, Dmitriy Dikin, Arun Venkatnathan, Stephanie L. Wunder, and Michael J. Zdilla

Abstract

Soft solid electrolyte materials are promising alternative choices for conventional battery electrolytes. Here, we have synthesized, characterized and calculated structural, thermal and electrochemical properties of an adiponitrile-based lithium-ion electrolyte which combines the advantages of organic and ceramic materials. This solid material is (Adpn)2LiPF6, (Adpn = adiponitrile) wherein (Adpn)-based channels solvate Li+ ions through weak C≡N---Li+ contacts. The surface of the crystal is a liquid nanolayer that binds the grains so that ionically conductive pellets are easily formed without high pressure/temperature treatments, which self-heals if fractured and which provide liquid-like conduction paths through the grain boundaries. High conductivity (σ ~ 10-4 S/cm) and high lithium-ion transference number (tLi+ = 0.54) result from weak interactions between “hard” (charge-dense) Li+ ions and “soft” (electronically polarizable) - C≡N, compared with the stronger interactions of previously reported “hard” ether oxygen contacts of polyethylene oxide (PEO) or glymes. The proposed mechanism of conduction is one in which Li+ ion migration occurs preferentially along the low activation energy path at the co-crystal grain boundaries and within the interstitial regions between the co-crystals, with bulk conductivity comprising a smaller but extant contribution to the observed conductivity. (Adpn)2LiPF6(s) has a wide electrochemical stability window of 0 to 5 V. Li0/(Adpn)2LiPF6/LiFePO4 cells exhibit cycling for > 50 cycles at C/20, C/10, C/5 rates with capacities of 140 mAh-g-1 to 100 mAh-g-1 and Coulombic efficiencies ~ 99%, and mitigation of the deleterious reactions with Li metal due to the high ionic strength. LTO/(Adpn)2LiPF6/NMC622 full cells were cycled at C-rates of C/20 to 1C with Coulombic efficiencies > 96%, with no dendritic failure after 100 cycles. Novel MD approaches addressing multiple conduction pathways and PWDFT calculations offer insights into the molecular basis of the physical and conductivity properties.

Published
2022

50. Metal nanoparticles (MNPs)-decorated reduced graphene oxide nanosheets as efficient catalysts for hydrogenolysis of benzyl alcohol

Author

Nitin V. Bhate, Prafulla K. Jha, Dikin Patel, Chetan K. Modi, Sanjeev R. Kane, and Ravi Vithalani

Subjects
chemistry.chemical_compound, chemistry, Hydrogenolysis, Benzyl alcohol, Oxide, Triethylsilane, Toluene, Nanomaterial-based catalyst, Vanadium oxide, Nuclear chemistry, Catalysis
Abstract

Here in this article, we report an eco-friendly approach for in situ synthesis of MNPs implanted on reduced graphene oxide (MNPs@rGO) [where MNPs = Metal nanoparticles such as vanadium oxide (VO), Nickel (Ni) and Copper (Cu)] nanocatalysts. These composite materials were well corroborated through diverse physicochemical techniques. Noticeably, MNPs@rGO promoted hydrogenolysis of benzyl alcohol (BzA) with triethylsilane (Et3SiH) as a reductant bestowing exceptional activity to provide synthetically valuable hydrocarbon product i.e. toluene. The impact of discrete experimental variables like mole ratio, catalyst amount, reaction time and solvents have also been examined. Under the optimized conditions, CuNPs@rGO exclusively promoted the preceding reaction leading to 81.2% conversion of BzA with 99.9% toluene selectivity. Additionally, it could be recycled and reused without consequential loss of activity in the fifth cycle tests.

Published
2021

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