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The current landscape of antibiotic failures promotes researchers to turn their attention to nanotechnology. Therefore, in this study silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were synthesized by using the leaf extract of Syzygium cumini. The spectrum of biosynthesized silver nanoparticles was noticed at 432 nm displaying a bell-shaped curve under UV-Vis spectroscopy. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) showed that these nanoparticles have a spherical shape and diameter of 50–60 nm. FT-IR study has revealed the presence of phenolics, aromatic, and alkynes groups in the synthesized nanoparticles. These biosynthesized AgNPs were processed for antibacterial,anti-motility, and anti-biofilm activity. Results showed that AgNPs exhibit good antibacterial activity. A significant reduction in motility patterns has been visualized by the effect of AgNPs against P. aeruginosa and A. baumannii. Substantial and structural reduction in P. aeruginosa and A. baumannii biofilm morphology was also examined by the effect of AgNPs. Hence greener route of AgNPs synthesis may be validated as a feasible substitute in eliminating the infection caused by multi-drug resistant nosocomial pathogens.

Education is a process of receiving or giving systematic instruction especially at schools or university. It is the process of facilitating learning or the acquisition of knowledge, skills, value moral belief and personal development. Researcher conducted “A comparative study on the impact of online and offline classes among nursing students in selected college of nursing at district Mandi [H.P]. A quantitative research approach and comparative design was used to assess the impact of online and offline class among the nursing students. Total samples of study were 200 nursing students and convenience sampling technique was used to select the sample. A self-structured questionnaire was prepared to assess the impact of online and offline classes among nursing students. The result of the study shows that 85% nursing students has average impact on online classes and 66% nursing student has good impact on offline classes. There was significant association between the score level and socio -demographic variables with type of previous medium. There is no significance association between the level of score and other demographic variables with any type of psychological health issue. The study concluded that online classes are better than offline classes.

Purpose: Methods and Material:To study postoperative visual outcome and postoperative complications after paediatric cataract surgery. In this prospective interventional study in a tertiary centre Children between ages 1-15 years were operated on for cataract surgery and postoperative visual acuity was compared to preoperative visual acuity and postoperative complications were noted and managed. Visual rehabilitation was done using optical correction and amblyopia therapy. Comparison between groups was performed using independent sample t-testStatistical Analysis: and Chi-square test using IBM® SPSS® Statistics version 28. The mean age at surgery of 50 children was 6.8 ± 3.82 years. Out of 50, 32%Results: had congenital cataract and 68% had developmental cataract. Intraocular lens was implanted in 75 out of 80 eyes. Postoperative visual acuity was 6/18 postoperatively. Poor postoperative visual acuity of

Purpose: Ongoing COVID-19 pandemic has globally affected training, skills and mental health of ophthalmology residents. This prospective, population based observational study was done to study the effect of COVID-19 on ophthalmology resident's education and mental health. Methods and Materials: 37-questions web-based survey was circulated amongst ophthalmology residents studying in North India between 1st to 30th April 2021. Questions comprised of their demographic prole, concerns regarding their training and skills and effect of COVID -19 on their mental health. The statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 27.0 for MAC (SPSS Inc.) Chi-square test was used to determine the level of signicance. Ap value of < 0.05 was considered statistically signicant. Results: 52.1% of residents believed that COVID-19 had a severe impact on Post Graduate teaching program. 77.3% believed that appropriate measures were not taken to preserve effectiveness of their training. 94.7% of the residents opined that there was decrease in surgical exposure. 86.08% of residents thought there would be a dip in opportunities for international fellowships after nishing their course. 67.6% residents reported their deployment in COVID care wards out of which 73.9% residents had fear of getting infected with COVID-19. Conclusion: COVID-19 pandemic has signicantly affected the personal and professional life of the ophthalmology residents. Their mental stress on variable issues needs to be addressed and solved on priority basis so that a healthier workforce is formed to ght against a pandemic like situation in future.

The chapter is a bibliometric analysis of research work published on the Sustainable Development Goals. The authors extracted relevant data from Scopus on 22 August 2020, which were subsequently analyzed using open-source software – Bibliometrix (an R package). They performed a textual query on Scopus for the title “Sustainable Development Goal” by selecting the 'Article Title' in the 'Documents' option for the period of 1996-2020 and retrieved 1872 documents from 865 sources. This study aims to identify the global trends in the SDG's scientific production over time with analysis covering various bibliometric indicators (i.e., sources, authors, and documents). Results reveal growth in research in SDGs in recent years, trending topics, most relevant sources, prolific authors in the field, validation of Lotka's law. The findings can assist future research in this field by providing a worldwide analytical overview of the SDGs.

Background: Serious adverse reactions have been reported with the use of Chimeric Antigen Receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy in a clinical setting despite the success of these products in pre- clinical stages of development. Objective: We evaluated the quality of available pre-clinical safety data of CAR T-cell therapy products. Methods: A 21 items safety checklist was designed specifically for CAR T-cell. Literature was searched using search/MeSH terms in PubMed (October 2019 – February 2020). Studies were screened from title and abstract. Original pre-clinical researches related to CAR T-cell anti-cancer therapy were included. Results: Of the search results, 152 studies (3 in vivo, 39 in vitro, and 110 combined) were included. Only 7.9% of studies were specifically designed to evaluate/ improve product safety. Eleven studies included target antigen(s), and no study included co-stimulatory molecule(s) expressed exclusively by the tumor tissue and/or CAR T-cells. One study used CRISPR-Cas9 for CAR gene insertion. The use of switch-off mechanism and purity assessment of CAR T-cell products were reported in 13.2% and 8.6% studies, respectively. Of the 113 studies with in vivo components, immuno- competent animal models were used in 24.8%. Measurements of blood pressure, temperature, body weight, and serum cytokines were reported in 0, 2.7, 29.2, and 27.4% studies, respectively. The tissue distribution and CAR T-cells persistence were reported in 26.5% of studies. The surface expression level of CAR, functional characterization of the product, and use of control were reported in >90% of studies. Conclusion: The majority of the checklist parameters were not reported in the pre-clinical publications to be adequately predictive of the safety of CAR T-cells in a clinical setting.

Due to technology scaling in deep submicron region, on-chip interconnects have become a major concerning issue for overall circuit performance. Therefore, it is necessary to evaluate the performance of interconnects in order to predict the output of design. In this paper, back-propagation feed forward neural network (FFNN) technique is employed for performance prediction of driver-interconnect-load (DIL) model. Levenberg-Marquardt (LM) algorithm is used as the training algorithm. The neural network model provides faster prediction when compared to the traditional performance analysis method. Also the proposed method works closely with the simulation methods thereby depicting the accuracy of the developed model. The dataset used for training of neural network (NN) is created using HSPICE. Performance parameters considered are delay and power dissipation. The several analyses are performed at 32nm technology.

What is known and objective Oxidative stress and inflammation are known to be high in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, association of change in their levels with treatment response remains unaddressed. The present study evaluated change in blood levels of oxidative stress and inflammatory markers in NSCLC patients, after first course of platinum-based chemotherapy. Methods This prospective cohort study enrolled newly diagnosed NSCLC patients receiving either pemetrexed-carboplatin (group A) or paclitaxel-carboplatin (group B). Blood levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), reduced glutathione (GSH), interleukin-6 (IL-6), C-reactive protein (CRP) and interleukin-10 (IL-10) were measured at baseline and after first cycle. Response to treatment was noted after 2nd or 4th cycle, as available. Subgroup analysis was done (group B), based on paclitaxel dose/formulation. Results Of the 85 patients screened, 38 were enrolled with a mean age of 56.7 ± 9.2 years. Baseline levels of oxidative and inflammatory markers were not different between the groups and did not change significantly within the groups. Significant reduction in IL-6 was seen with three-weekly paclitaxel-carboplatin (from median 81.3 [range 8.6, 1006] pg/mL to 51.8 [11.4, 99.5] pg/mL; P = .025). C-reactive protein levels reduced with weekly nab-paclitaxel (P = .043). Change in levels did not relate with therapeutic response except for IL-6 which decreased in patients with partial response (from 102.6 [8.1, 1006] pg/mL to 38.9 [8.4, 99.5] pg/mL; P = .036). What is new and conclusion Although the levels of oxidative and inflammatory markers varied following chemotherapy, trend indicates that IL-6 may be a potential marker of treatment response in NSCLC patients.

Cognitive impairment, associated with ageing, stress, hypertension and various neurodegenerative disorders including Parkinson’s disease and epilepsy, is a major health issue. The present review focuses on Alzheimer’s disease (AD), since it is the most important cause of cognitive impairment. It is characterized by progressive memory loss, language deficits, depression, agitation, mood disturbances and psychosis. Although the hallmarks of AD are cholinergic dysfunction, β-amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangle formation, it is also associated with derangement of other neurotransmitters, elevated levels of advanced glycation end products, oxidative damage, neuroinflammation, genetic and environmental factors. On one hand, this complex etiopathology makes a response to commonly used drugs such as donepezil, rivastigmine, galantamine and memantine less predictable and often unsatisfactory. On the other hand, it supports the use of herbal medicines due to their nonspecific antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity and specific cholinesterase inhibitory activity. The popularity of herbal medicines is also increasing due to their perceived effectiveness, safety and affordability. In the present article, the experimental and clinical evidence have been reviewed for various Indian herbal medicines such as Centella asiatica, Bacopa monnieri, Curcuma longa, Clitoria ternatea, Withania somnifera, Celastrus paniculatus, Evolvulus alsinoides, Desmodium gangeticum, Eclipta alba, Moringa oleifera and Convolvulus pluricaulis, which have shown potential in cognitive impairment. Some commonly available herbal formulations for memory impairment in India have also been reviewed.