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1. Adjuvant-dependent impact of inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccines during heterologous infection by a SARS-related coronavirus

Author

Dillard, Jacob A., Taft-Benz, Sharon A., Knight, Audrey C., Anderson, Elizabeth J., Pressey, Katia D., Parotti, Breantié, Martinez, Sabian A., Diaz, Jennifer L., Sarkar, Sanjay, Madden, Emily A., De la Cruz, Gabriela, Adams, Lily E., Dinnon, III, Kenneth H., Leist, Sarah R., Martinez, David R., Schäfer, Alexandra, Powers, John M., Yount, Jr., Boyd L., Castillo, Izabella N., Morales, Noah L., Burdick, Jane, Evangelista, Mia Katrina D., Ralph, Lauren M., Pankow, Nicholas C., Linnertz, Colton L., Lakshmanane, Premkumar, Montgomery, Stephanie A., Ferris, Martin T., Baric, Ralph S., Baxter, Victoria K., and Heise, Mark T.

Published
2024
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2. Host Genetic Variation Impacts SARS-CoV-2 Vaccination Response in the Diversity Outbred Mouse Population

Author

Cruz Cisneros, Marta C., primary, Anderson, Elizabeth J., additional, Hampton, Brea K., additional, Parotti, Breantié, additional, Sarkar, Sanjay, additional, Taft-Benz, Sharon, additional, Bell, Timothy A., additional, Blanchard, Matthew, additional, Dillard, Jacob A., additional, Dinnon, Kenneth H., additional, Hock, Pablo, additional, Leist, Sarah R., additional, Madden, Emily A., additional, Shaw, Ginger D., additional, West, Ande, additional, Baric, Ralph S., additional, Baxter, Victoria K., additional, Pardo-Manuel de Villena, Fernando, additional, Heise, Mark T., additional, and Ferris, Martin T., additional

Published
2024
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3. Adjuvant-dependent effects on the safety and efficacy of inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccines during heterologous infection by a SARS-related coronavirus

Author

Heise, Mark, primary, Dillard, Jacob, additional, Taft-Benz, Sharon, additional, Knight, Audrey, additional, Anderson, Elizabeth, additional, Pressey, Katia, additional, Parotti, Breantié, additional, Martinez, Sabian, additional, Diaz, Jennifer, additional, Sarkar, Sanjay, additional, Madden, Emily, additional, Cruz, Gabriela De la, additional, Adams, Lily, additional, III, Kenneth Dinnon, additional, Leist, Sarah, additional, Martinez, David, additional, Schaefer, Alexandra, additional, Powers, John, additional, Yount, Boyd, additional, Castillo, Izabella, additional, Morales, Noah, additional, Burdick, Jane, additional, Evangelista, Mia Katrina, additional, Ralph, Lauren, additional, Pankow, Nicholas, additional, Linnertz, Colton, additional, Lakshmanane, Prem, additional, Montgomery, Stephanie, additional, Ferris, Martin, additional, Baric, Ralph, additional, and Baxter, Victoria, additional

Published
2023
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4. Prior infection exposure alters the immune response at homeostasis and following SARS-CoV-2 vaccination and experimental infection in laboratory mice.

Author

Baxter, Victoria Kate, primary, Knight, Audrey C., additional, Dillard, Jacob A., additional, Anderson, Elizabeth J., additional, Pressey, Katia D., additional, Hampton, Brea K., additional, Taft-Benz, Sharon A., additional, Martinez, Sabian A., additional, Kamat, Kalika D., additional, Cruz Cisneros, Marta C., additional, Madden, Emily A., additional, Heise, Mark T., additional, and Ferris, Martin T., additional

Published
2023
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5. Structurally Different Yet Functionally Similar: Aptamers Specific for the Ebola Virus Soluble Glycoprotein and GP1,2 and Their Application in Electrochemical Sensing

Author

Banerjee, Soma, primary, Hemmat, Mahsa Askary, additional, Shubham, Shambhavi, additional, Gosai, Agnivo, additional, Devarakonda, Sivaranjani, additional, Jiang, Nianyu, additional, Geekiyanage, Charith, additional, Dillard, Jacob A., additional, Maury, Wendy, additional, Shrotriya, Pranav, additional, Lamm, Monica H., additional, and Nilsen-Hamilton, Marit, additional

Published
2023
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6. Human ACE2 expression, a major tropism determinant for SARS-CoV-2, is regulated by upstream and intragenic elements

Author

Snouwaert, John N., primary, Jania, Leigh A., additional, Nguyen, Trang, additional, Martinez, David R., additional, Schäfer, Alexandra, additional, Catanzaro, Nicholas J., additional, Gully, Kendra L., additional, Baric, Ralph S., additional, Heise, Mark, additional, Ferris, Martin T., additional, Anderson, Elizabeth, additional, Pressey, Katia, additional, Dillard, Jacob A., additional, Taft-Benz, Sharon, additional, Baxter, Victoria K., additional, Ting, Jenny P-Y, additional, and Koller, Beverly H., additional

Published
2023
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10. TIM-1 Mediates Dystroglycan-Independent Entry of Lassa Virus

Author

Brouillette, Rachel B., primary, Phillips, Elisabeth K., additional, Patel, Radhika, additional, Mahauad-Fernandez, Wadie, additional, Moller-Tank, Sven, additional, Rogers, Kai J., additional, Dillard, Jacob A., additional, Cooney, Ashley L., additional, Martinez-Sobrido, Luis, additional, Okeoma, Chioma, additional, and Maury, Wendy, additional

Published
2018
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11. Adjuvant-dependent effects on the safety and efficacy of inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccines during heterologous infection by a SARS-related coronavirus.

Author

Heise M, Dillard J, Taft-Benz S, Knight A, Anderson E, Pressey K, Parotti B, Martinez S, Diaz J, Sarkar S, Madden E, De la Cruz G, Adams L, Dinnon K 3rd, Leist S, Martinez D, Schaefer A, Powers J, Yount B, Castillo I, Morales N, Burdick J, Evangelista MK, Ralph L, Pankow N, Linnertz C, Lakshmanane P, Montgomery S, Ferris M, Baric R, and Baxter V

Abstract

Inactivated whole virus SARS-CoV-2 vaccines adjuvanted with aluminum hydroxide (Alum) are among the most widely used COVID-19 vaccines globally and have been critical to the COVID-19 pandemic response. Although these vaccines are protective against homologous virus infection in healthy recipients, the emergence of novel SARS-CoV-2 variants and the presence of large zoonotic reservoirs provide significant opportunities for vaccine breakthrough, which raises the risk of adverse outcomes including vaccine-associated enhanced respiratory disease (VAERD). To evaluate this possibility, we tested the performance of an inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine (iCoV2) in combination with Alum against either homologous or heterologous coronavirus challenge in a mouse model of coronavirus-induced pulmonary disease. Consistent with human results, iCoV2 + Alum protected against homologous challenge. However, challenge with a heterologous SARS-related coronavirus, Rs-SHC014-CoV (SHC014), up to at least 10 months post-vaccination, resulted in VAERD in iCoV2 + Alum-vaccinated animals, characterized by pulmonary eosinophilic infiltrates, enhanced pulmonary pathology, delayed viral clearance, and decreased pulmonary function. In contrast, vaccination with iCoV2 in combination with an alternative adjuvant (RIBI) did not induce VAERD and promoted enhanced SHC014 clearance. Further characterization of iCoV2 + Alum-induced immunity suggested that CD4 + T cells were a major driver of VAERD, and these responses were partially reversed by re-boosting with recombinant Spike protein + RIBI adjuvant. These results highlight potential risks associated with vaccine breakthrough in recipients of Alum-adjuvanted inactivated vaccines and provide important insights into factors affecting both the safety and efficacy of coronavirus vaccines in the face of heterologous virus infections., Competing Interests: Declarations of Interest / Conflicts of Interest RSB has served on the Scientific Advisory Boards for Takeda vaccines, VaxArt and Invivyd Therapeutics, and has collaborations with Gilead, Janssen Pharmaceuticals, Pardas Biosciences, and Chimerix. RSB, KHD III and SRL are listed as inventors on patents pertaining to the mouse-adapted SARS-CoV-2 viruses (MA10 and MA10-B.1.351; Patent number 11,225,508) and the SARS-CoV-2 nanoLuciferase viruses (SARS-CoV-2-nLuc and B.1.351-nLuc; Patent number 11,492,379) used in this study. In accordance with the Nature Portfolio Competing interests policy, this section is also stated at the end of this manuscript.

Published
2023
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12. Animal Models for the Study of SARS-CoV-2-Induced Respiratory Disease and Pathology.

Author

Dillard JA, Martinez SA, Dearing JJ, Montgomery SA, and Baxter VK

Subjects
Cricetinae, Humans, Animals, Mice, SARS-CoV-2, Disease Models, Animal, COVID-19
Abstract

Emergence of the betacoronavirus SARS-CoV-2 has resulted in a historic pandemic, with millions of deaths worldwide. An unprecedented effort has been made by the medical, scientific, and public health communities to rapidly develop and implement vaccines and therapeutics to prevent and reduce hospitalizations and deaths. Although SARS-CoV-2 infection can lead to disease in many organ systems, the respiratory system is its main target, with pneumonia and acute respiratory distress syndrome as the hallmark features of severe disease. The large number of patients who have contracted COVID-19 infections since 2019 has permitted a detailed characterization of the clinical and pathologic features of the disease in humans. However, continued progress in the development of effective preventatives and therapies requires a deeper understanding of the pathogenesis of infection. Studies using animal models are necessary to complement in vitro findings and human clinical data. Multiple animal species have been evaluated as potential models for studying the respiratory disease caused by SARSCoV-2 infection. Knowing the similarities and differences between animal and human responses to infection is critical for effective translation of animal data into human medicine. This review provides a detailed summary of the respiratory disease and associated pathology induced by SARS-CoV-2 infection in humans and compares them with the disease that develops in 3 commonly used models: NHP, hamsters, and mice. The effective use of animals to study SARS-CoV-2-induced respiratory disease will enhance our understanding of SARS-CoV-2 pathogenesis, allow the development of novel preventatives and therapeutics, and aid in the preparation for the next emerging virus with pandemic potential.

Published
2023
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