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Water is characterized by strong intermolecular hydrogen bonds (H-bonds) between molecules. The two hydrogen atoms in one water molecule can form H-bonds of dissimilar length. Although intimately connected to water's anomalous properties, the details and the origins of the asymmetry have remained elusive. We study water's H-bonds using the O-D stretching vibrations as sensitive reporters of H-bonding of D2O and HOD in dimethylformamide. Broader inhomogeneous linewidths of the OD band of HOD compared to the symmetric and asymmetric OD stretching modes of D2O together with density functional theory calculations provide evidence for markedly anti-correlated H-bonds: water preferentially forms one weak and one strong H-bond. Coupling peaks in the spectra for D2O directly demonstrate anti-correlated H-bonds and these anti-correlations are modulated by thermal motions of water on a sub-picosecond timescale. Experimentally inferred H-bond distributions suggest that the anti-correlations are a direct consequence of the H-bonding potential of XH2 groups, which we confirm for the ND2 group of urea. These structural and dynamic insights into H-bonding are essential for understanding the relationship between the H-bonded structure and phase behavior of water. The strength of water's hydrogen bonds is not just statistically distributed. Using ultrafast spectroscopy of isotopically dilute water the authors show that each water molecules preferentially donates one short and one long hydrogen bond. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AbstractTwo new luminescent metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), [Cd3(AIBTD)4(HCOO)2(DMF)2] (Cd-MOF) and [Zn(AIBTD)(AA)] (Zn-MOF) (DMF = N,N-dimethylformamide, AA = acetate), were prepared by solvothermal reactions of 4-(7-(1H-imidazol-1-yl)benzo[c][1, 2, 5]thiadiazol-4-yl)benzoic acid (HAIBTD) possessing an emissive benzothiadiazole (BTD) moiety with cadmium nitrate and zinc nitrate, respectively. Single-crystal X-ray diffraction analyses show that Cd-MOF and Zn-MOF possess different two-dimensional (2D) networks and form three-dimensional (3D) frameworks with different stacking modes. Their fluorescence sensing ability for dopamine was studied and it was found that both Cd-MOF and Zn-MOF show fluorescence enhancement in DMF. The turn-on effect may be attributed to the absorbance-caused enhancement (ACE). The results indicate that Cd-MOF and Zn-MOF have potential as fluorescent sensors for dopamine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

TATB as an insensitive high explosive, has wide applications in both civil and military areas. High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) is a crucial tool to analyze the purity for quality control of TATB. However, current HPLC method for TATB has several drawbacks resulted by its poor solubility. A deep eutectic solvent (CS-1) has high solubility toward TATB, so it has been used as the pretreatment solvent and mobile phase to develop a new HPLC method for TATB in this work. When CS-1 was used as the pretreatment solvent for TATB prior to HPLC analysis, it displayed greater efficiency, less dosage, and shorter time compared to conventional solvents such as dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and dimethyl formamide (DMF). Compared to the pretreatment time of 240 min by using DMSO, the pretreatment time of TATB by using CS-1 is significantly shortened to 20 min. Meanwhile, the carrying capacity of mobile phase for TATB became stronger after CS-1 was added into the mobile phase. The concentration of TATB with 40 mg·100 mL−1 is successfully analyzed by the HPLC based on the mobile phase containing CS-1, which is 10 times higher than that of DMSO with 4.0 mg·100 mL−1. Therefore, a new HPLC method based on CS-1 as one of the deep eutectic solvents is first established to improve the efficiency and representation of analyzing high concentration of TATB. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, Bi2212 superconducting thin films were prepared with metal acetate as salt source and a mixture of acetic acid and N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) as solvent. The volatilization process of the solvent was regulated by changing the ratio of the mixed solvent, which in turn achieved the regulation of the surface morphology and crystallinity of the Bi2212 superconducting films. The mechanism of the mixed solvents on the crystallinity and surface quality of Bi2212 superconducting films was systematically investigated. The results showed that the Bi2212 superconducting films were all (00 l) epitaxial growth. The grain size of Bi2212 increased continuously with the increase of the proportion of acetic acid in the solvents. The grain size of the largest grain size was 43.8 nm when the proportion of acetic acid was 80 %. However, the high proportion of acetic acid in the mixed solvents reduced the surface quality of Bi2212 thin films. The minimum surface roughness was 15.0 nm at 40 % acetic acid. All the samples exhibited good superconducting properties. This work provides a research basis for the systematic preparation of multicomponent oxide thin films. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nickel manganese oxide (NiMnO3) combines magnetic and dielectric properties, making it a promising material for sensor and supercapacitor applications, as well as for catalytic water splitting. The efficiency of its utilization is notably influenced by particle size. In this study, we investigate the influence of thermal treatment parameters on the phase composition of products from alkali co-precipitation of nickel and manganese (II) ions and identify optimal conditions for synthesizing phase-pure nickel manganese oxide. Ultrafine nanoparticles of NiMnO3 (with sizes as small as 2 nm) are obtained via liquid-phase ultrasonic dispersion, exhibiting a narrow size distribution. A systematic exploration of the solvent nature (water, N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, dimethyl sulfoxide, dimethylformamide) on the efficiency of ultrasonic dispersion of NiMnO3 nanoparticles is provided. It is demonstrated that particle size is influenced not only by absorbed acoustic power, dependent on the physical properties of the used solvent (boiling temperature, gas solubility, viscosity, density) but also by the chemical stability of the solvent under prolonged ultrasonic treatment. Our findings provide insights for designing ultrasonic treatment protocols for nanoparticle dispersions with tailored particle sizes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mechanistic understanding of free radical polymerization (FRP) in aqueous solution is hindered by the lack of kinetic coefficient data. Here, we investigated the propagation rate coefficient (kp) for FRP of HEMA in aqueous solution. The kp at 80 °C increased by 6 times as the monomer weight fraction in aqueous system decreases from 100 wt.% to 6 wt.%, that is., from 6.0 × 103 to 3.3 × 104 L·moL−1·s−1. This increase in kp is associated with the increase in pre‐exponential factor (A), which suggests an increase in entropy with increasing water molecules in the polymerization system. To investigate the effect of solvent on kp, pulse‐laser polymerization in solvents of different hydrogen bonding affinity, that is, 50 wt.% butyl propionate (BP) and dimethyl formamide (DMF), are conducted. The kp obtained are in order of kp,bulk∼kp,BP > kp,DMF, suggesting that the intermolecular hydrogen bonding at carbonyl moieties critically affects the geometry of transition state quasi‐equilibrium in propagation. We underpinned this observation by analyzing the carbonyl and alkene moieties of HEMA in different solvents using infrared (IR) spectroscopy. The mechanistic analyses and insights relating to hydrogen bonding and functional moieties can be relevant for future studies involving non‐aqueous solvents promoting hydrogen bonds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A theoretical investigation of the electrochemical reaction between β-nitrostyrene and benzaldehyde was conducted at the DFT M06-2X/def2-TZVP level of theory. The reaction mechanism was dissected into five proposed routes, via 3 pathways, concluding with 4 possible products (P1 to P4). To gain a comprehensive understanding, we explored these routes both in the gas phase and in solution using three solvents: dimethylformamide, methanol, and water. In the gas phase, the overall barriers of these five routes (the energy in parentheses refers to the relative G versus reactants in kcal/mol) are in this order: A2 (− 48.22) < A1 (21.29) < C1 (21.59) < B (29.81) < C2 (77.59). The ΔG for the formation of four products (the energy in parentheses refers to the relative G versus reactants in kcal/mol) are in this order: P2 (− 233.40) < P4 (− 82.13) < P3 (− 74.18) < P1 (− 46.97). Therefore, in the extra amount of both benzaldehyde and proton, P2 is the major product, in the extra amount of benzaldehyde and minimum amount of proton, P1 is preferred, and in the small amount of benzaldehyde and proton, P4 is preferred (only via C1 route). In the solvents, despite the gas phase data, path B and product P3 are a favorable path and products. Thermodynamically, the average relative G in three solvents for P3 is − 112.09 kcal/mol, for P2 is − 112.1, for P4 is − 118.46, and for P1 is − 60.25. Kinetically, the average relative G in three solvents for the transition states of P3 is − 8.25 kcal/mol, P2 is − 42.84, P4 is 34.16 via route C1 and 29.05 via route C2, and P1 is 95.81. Therefore, in the excess concentration of proton, P2 is the most favorable product by both kinetic and thermodynamic data and in low concentration of proton, P3 is the most favorable product. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The development of compact perovskite thin films is essential for fabrication of high-performance solar cell devices. Solvent engineering stands out as a promising method to achieve such films, providing a straightforward approach with significant control over the film formation process. In this study, we employed a solvent engineering approach to attain compact and uniform growth in Cs3Bi2I9 films. We incorporated 2-methoxy ethanol (2-ME) as an additive in N, N-Dimethylformamide (DMF) solvent. The resulting perovskite films exhibited enhanced crystallinity and absorbance compared to films prepared with DMF alone, particularly when using a DMF:2-ME mixing ratio of 4:1. Moreover, we successfully fabricated lead-free, flexible perovskite solar cell devices using a solution processing technique. The photovoltaic performance of estimated and efficiency of devices prepared with 4:1 ratio of DMF:2-ME exhibited efficiency of ~1.56%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Organic solar cells (OSCs), especially those employing bulk heterojunction architecture, present a promising avenue in renewable energy technology. These devices utilize organic materials and can be doped by solvents such as dimethylformamide (DMF), tetrahydrofuran (THF), and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO). Solvent doping (DMF, THF, and DMSO) is observed to augment the efficiency of OSCs. However, a trade‐off exists between the volume of solvent used and the device's efficiency. The judicious selection of solvents is crucial as it directly impacts the environmental footprint of the fabrication process and the power conversion efficiency. Notably, the use of solvents in OSC fabrication contributes to reducing the environmental impact across various categories, in particular Abiotic Depletion, Global Warming, and Human Toxicity. Among the solvents studied, THF demonstrates the most significant reduction in environmental impact. Therefore, optimizing the choice and volume of solvents in OSC fabrication is paramount for achieving both enhanced device performance and minimal environmental footprint. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Condensed tannins exhibit diverse bioactivities that render them promising for applications in the food and medical fields. For the analysis and monitoring of condensed tannins, 13C-labeled derivatives would provide a useful tool. In this study, condensed tannin polymers regioselectively labeled with a stable isotope were synthesized using 13C-labeled acetic acid or 13C-labeled dimethylformamide as the starting material. The resulting synthetic polymers were labeled with 13C at the C-4 or C-2 positions. A GPC analysis revealed that all model polymers comprised mainly tetramer to hexamer structures. According to the 13C-NMR data of the synthetic tannin models and natural condensed tannin obtained from sugi bark, the chemical structure of both compounds was very similar. Furthermore, compared with the natural condensed tannin and unlabeled synthetic polymer, the labeled compound showed more intense C-4 and C-2 13C signals, indicating that the 13C labeling proceeded regioselectively. These compounds are useful for analyzing the chemical reactions of condensed tannins and monitoring structural transformation processes in vivo.

The recent progress in nanofiber research has demonstrated the potential for improving the physical properties of materials through the integration of graphene nanoplatelets (GNP). This study involves the synthesis and characterization of novel GNP-infused polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) electrospun nanofibers. The required precursor solution was prepared using dimethylformamide (DMF) as a solvent, and that included 1.5wt.% concentrations of GNP with 20 wt.% of PVP in 10mL of DMF solution. The investigation using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) showed the morphology of the fibers with the distribution of graphene nanoplatelets. The zeta potential analysis demonstrates that the GNP/PVP nanofibers exhibit significant stability across a wide pH range, particularly in highly acidic and basic conditions. The thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) analysis showed exceptional thermal stability, with minimal weight loss until 300–400∘C. The degradation of the PVP matrix was observed beyond 400∘C. The results of the study show that GNP/PVP nanofibers have significant potential for specific applications in thermal management and energy storage under controlled temperature conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Three photoactive Cd(II) coordination polymers (CPs), [Cd (Fsbpe)(DBBA)2]·2DMF (CP1), [Cd(Fepbpe)(DBBA)2]·2DMF (CP2) and [Cd(Fsbpeb)(DBBA)2] (CP3) (DBBA = 3,5-dibromobenzoic acid, DMF = dimethyl formamide) with similar 1D chain motifs exhibited completely different photosalient behaviors (PS) in response to UV light. Mechanical motion was triggered by [2+2] photocycloaddition and regulated by positioning of the photoactive alkene centers relative to the crystal axis. This solid-state reaction was reversed by heating and photomechanical behaviour was repeated over several cycles. A simple photoactuating device was prepared using a CP3–PVA composite. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copper(I) thiocyanate (CuSCN) is a prominent wide‐bandgap p‐type semiconductor with desirable transparency and chemical robustness. Whereas intrinsic limitations, such as its relatively low Fermi level (EF) and modest electrical conductivity, have impeded its broader application in organic solar cells (OSCs). This study introduces a novel approach to modify the electronic properties of CuSCN by inducing copper vacancies through the use of specific solvent mixtures, thereby enhancing its suitability for OSCs. The effects of two solvent mixtures, methanol/ammonia (CH3OH/NH4OH) and dimethyl sulfoxide/N,N‐Dimethylformamide (DMSO/DMF) is have systematically investigated, on the CuSCN layer. The findings reveal that these solvent systems induce a higher concentration of copper vacancies within the CuSCN film, resulting in a significant reduction of the EF and a substantial increase in electrical conductivity. These modifications have led to the improved energy level alignment with the PM6:L8‐BO:BTP‐eC9 blended photoactive layers, culminating in a marked enhancement of the power‐conversion efficiencies of 19.10% for the DMSO/DMF processed CuSCN layer. Additionally, it has observed enhanced shelf/thermal stability and thickness tolerance of OSCs based on these CuSCN films. This work not only presents a novel strategy for modifying the performance characteristics of CuSCN but also underscores its potential to contribute to the advancement of photovoltaic technologies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The metal exchange reaction of Mg(II)-octa-(4-fluorophenyl)tetraazaporphyrin with Co(II), Cu(II), and Mn(II) chlorides in dimethylformamide has been studied by the spectrophotometric method. The kinetic parameters were calculated and the stoichiometric mechanism of the metal exchange reaction was established. The influence of the solvate salt nature and the tetrapyrrole macrocycle chemical modification on the kinetic parameters of the studied reaction was revealed. Using the metal exchange reaction of Mg(II)-octa-(4-fluorophenyl)tetraazaporphyrin with CoCl2 in dimethylformamide, Co(II)-octa-(4-fluorophenyl)tetraazaporphyrin was synthesized. Co(III)-octa-(4-fluorophenyl)tetraazaporphyrin was obtained by treating Co(II)-porphyrazine with a dimethylformamide-hydrochloric acid mixture. The processes of cobalt complexes oxidation and reduction in solvents of various natures were studied. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Amid the global water crisis, developing innovative solutions for sustainable water purification is crucial. Membrane distillation (MD) has emerged as a pivotal method with significant potential to address these challenges effectively. In this research endeavor, our team focused on creating and optimizing an omniphobic membrane utilizing a combination of Poly(vinylidenefluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene) (PVDF-HFP), Tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS), and Perfluorodecyltrimethoxysilane (PFDTMS) through the nonsolvent-induced phase separation (NIPS) methodology. The resultant membrane displayed a notable contact angle of 130°, underscoring its remarkable omniphobic properties. Various characterization techniques were used to evaluate the membrane's performance, including liquid entry pressure (LEP), porosity analysis, thickness determination, pore size quantification, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). SEM images revealed enhanced surface roughness, which is critical for efficiency. Additionally, X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) provided insights into the membrane's crystalline structure and chemical composition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study presents the synthesis, characterization and Hirshfeld surface analysis of the title mononuclear complex, [PdCl2(C12H14N4)]·C3H7NO. The compound crystalizes in the P21/c space group of the monoclinic system. The asymmetric unit contains one neutral complex Pd(HLc-Pe)Cl2 [HLc-Pe is 2-(3-cyclopentyl-1,2,4-triazol-5-yl)pyridine] and one molecule of DMF as a solvate. The Pd atom has a square-planar coordination. In the crystal, molecules are linked by intermolecular N—H⋯O and C—H⋯N hydrogen bonds, forming layers parallel to the bc plane. A Hirshfeld surface analysis showed that the H⋯H contacts dominate the crystal packing with a contribution of 41.4%. The contribution of the N⋯H/H⋯N and H⋯O/O⋯H interactions is somewhat smaller, amounting to 12.4% and 5%, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The solubility of 1,3,5-Tribromobenzene (m-TBB) in five kinds of binary solvent mixtures (i.e., N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) + water, N,N-dimethylacetamide (DMA) + water, 1,4-dioxane + water, DMF + ethanol, and DMA + ethanol) was measured by a gravimetric method. The determination was carried out at temperatures ranging from 288.15 K to 323.15 K under ambient pressure. The solubility data were positively correlated with the molar fraction of good solvent and temperature. The order of solubility is 1,4-dioxane + water > DMA + ethanol > DMF + ethanol > DMA + water > DMF + water. The solubility of m-TBB was negatively correlated with solvent polarity. Four thermodynamic models (including the Jouyban–Acree–Apelblat, the Sun model, the NRTL model, and the Wilson model) were selected to correlate the solubility data of m-TBB. The solubility data are of great significance for solvent selection and yield judgment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Cellulose has garnered attention in the textile industry, but it exhibits limitations in applications that require high strength and modulus. In this study, regenerated cellulose fiber with enhanced mechanical properties was fabricated from a gel-like N-methylmorpholine N-oxide (NMMO)–cellulose solution by modulating the intermolecular interaction and conformation of the cellulose chains. To control the interaction, two types of co-solvents (dimethyl acetamide (DMAc) and dimethyl formamide (DMF)) were added to the cellulose solutions at varying concentrations (10, 20, and 30 wt%). Rheological analysis showed that the co-solvents reduced the solution viscosity by weakening intermolecular interactions. The calculated distance parameter (Ra) in Hansen space confirmed that the co-solvent disrupted intermolecular hydrogen bonding within cellulose chains. The solutions were spun into fiber via a simple wet spinning process and were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and universal testing machine (UTM). The addition of co-solvent led to an increased crystallinity index (C.I.) owing to the extended cellulose chains. The modulus of the resulting fiber was increased when the co-solvent concentration was 10 wt%, regardless of the co-solvent type. This study demonstrates the potential for enhancing the mechanical properties of cellulose-based products by modulating the conformation and interaction of cellulose chains through the addition of co-solvent. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Inkjet printing has emerged as a promising technique for the fabrication of halide perovskite (HP) thin films, as it enables precise and controlled deposition of the perovskite ink on a variety of substrates. One main advantage of inkjet printing for the fabrication of HP thin films is its ability to produce uniform films with controlled thickness and high coverage, which is critical for achieving high‐performance devices. Additionally, inkjet printing allows for the deposition of patterned thin films, enabling the fabrication of complex device architectures such as light‐emitting diodes (LEDs). In this work, flexible LEDs based on inkjet printed Pb‐free HP thiophene‐ethylammonium tin iodide (TEA2SnI4) are produced that has gained attention as a potential alternative to Pb‐based HPs in optoelectronic devices due to its lower toxicity, environmental impact, and high performance. The role of ink solutions is compared using pure solvents: toxic dimethyl formamide (DMF) and more eco‐friendly dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO). Red‐emitting devices (λmax = 633 nm) exhibit, in ambient conditions, a maximum external quantum efficiency (EQEmax) of 0.5% with a related brightness of 21 cd m−2 at 54 mA cm−2 for DMSO‐based LEDs. The environmental impacts of films prepared with DMSO‐based solvents ensure only 40% of the impact caused by DMF. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The basic idea of this study is based on the hypothesis that it is possible to obtain nanostructures by stimulating local chemical reactions. Starting with this hypothesis we assumed that it is possible to disperse some inorganic agent into the epoxy resin and stimulating the mixtures we could get some nano-structures what are changing the basic electric behaviour of the polymer matrix. We dissolved some metallic chlorides in DMF (dimethylformamide) and we mixed together the solution with the epoxy resin (the main component). Applying various external stimuli we get materials showing various properties, different from the epoxy resin properties. The electric photoconductivity is increased (in some cases) but the mechanical properties are damaged due the solvent presence into the polymer matrix. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Condensed tannins exhibit diverse bioactivities that render them promising for applications in the food and medical fields. For the analysis and monitoring of condensed tannins, 13C-labeled derivatives would provide a useful tool. In this study, condensed tannin polymers regioselectively labeled with a stable isotope were synthesized using 13C-labeled acetic acid or 13C-labeled dimethylformamide as the starting material. The resulting synthetic polymers were labeled with 13C at the C-4 or C-2 positions. A GPC analysis revealed that all model polymers comprised mainly tetramer to hexamer structures. According to the 13C-NMR data of the synthetic tannin models and natural condensed tannin obtained from sugi bark, the chemical structure of both compounds was very similar. Furthermore, compared with the natural condensed tannin and unlabeled synthetic polymer, the labeled compound showed more intense C-4 and C-2 13C signals, indicating that the 13C labeling proceeded regioselectively. These compounds are useful for analyzing the chemical reactions of condensed tannins and monitoring structural transformation processes in vivo. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A three-dimensional organic–inorganic hybrid halide perovskite (CH3NH3PbI2Br) nanoparticle film was synthesized using solution process in one step. Precursors' stoichiometry was used to prepare methylammonium bromide and lead (II) bromide in dimethyl formamide. The synthesized CH3NH3PbI2Br solution was spin coated on cleaned ITO prepatterned glass substrate at 2000 rpm. In addition, the influence of post-thermal treatment on the deposited nanoparticles films was evaluated by studying the structural, optical and morphological properties using X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectrometry, UV–visible spectrophotometry, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM). The average crystallite sizes were calculated to be ~ 8.0, ~ 9.4, ~ 11.3 and ~ 13.1 nm of as-prepared and annealed films at 400, 500 and 600 °C, respectively. Besides, the bandgaps of 2.22 eV, 1.96 eV, 1.89 eV and 1.63 eV were extrapolated for as-prepared and annealed films at 400 °C, 500 °C and 600 °C, respectively. From J–V curves, the Jsc values of 9.4, 10.6, 11.7 and 12.8 mAcm−2, FF values of 56.99%, 57.25%, 58.94% and 59.26% and PCE values of 2.99%, 3.49%, 3.96% and 4.39% were calculated for as-prepared and annealed CH3NH3PbI2Br films at 400 °C, 500 °C and 600 °C, respectively. The percentage enhancement values of 14.32%, 24.49% and 31.89% compared to as-prepared CH3NH3PbI2Br film. Hence, post-thermal treatment of organic–inorganic halide perovskite material improved its photoconversion efficiency without sacrificing its dimensionality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study explains the preparation of spherical agglomerates (SA) of telmisartan (TLS), a BCS class II drug used to improve it's physicochemical and bulk properties. Drugs of this class could potentially exhibit dissolution rate limited absorption. TLS spherical agglomerates were designed using hydrophilic polymer (PVP K-30), dimethyl formamide (DMF), water and ethyl acetate (bridging liquid) by solvent change method and evaluated for micromeritic properties. The SA were characterized by particle size determination, FTIR, PXRD and SEM. The results of micromeritic studies indicated that SA showed improved flow properties due to their spherical shape and bigger size. Absence of strong interaction at molecular level and alteration in the crystal structure of TLS with modification in crystallinity was confirmed by FTIR and PXRD respectively. TLS solubility characteristics were improved by this approach. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We have demonstrated a single‐crystal‐to‐single‐crystal (SCSC) transformation from a two‐dimensional noninterpenetrated layer to a microporous three‐dimensional fourfold interpenetrated MOF. The centrosymmetric [Co2(μ2‐OH)(EIBA)3]n (SNUT‐25) transforms into a microporous [Co(EIBA)2]n (SNUT‐26), which is triggered by the reaction time with DMF that acts as a structure‐directing agent (HEIBA = 4‐(2‐ethyl‐1H‐imidazol‐1‐yl)benzoic acid; DMF = N,N′‐dimethylformamide). Despite the distinct structure and coordination arrangements of SNUT‐25 in contrast to SNUT‐26, both Co‐MOFs were synthesized using the same ligand. Fascinatingly, upon introducing a specific quantity of DMF combined with a negligible proportion of nitric acid, SNUT‐25 will progressively and completely transform into SNUT‐26. Under the synergistic induction of solvent molecules and temperature, SNUT‐25 changed from the original two‐dimensional layered structure to the three‐dimensional pore structure of SNUT‐26. In addition, SNUT‐25 and SNUT‐26 are efficient photocatalysts for the degradation of organic dye methyl blue (MB) under visible light irradiation. Surprisingly, the degradation rates of both SNUT‐25 and SNUT‐26 can reach over 96%. In addition, SNUT‐25 and SNUT‐26 also exhibited high electrocatalytic oxygen evolution reaction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two solvent-controlled Cd(II) compounds, formulated as {[Cd2(Htdc)4(µ-imyp)(H2O)4]} (1), [Cd2(µ2-tdc)2(µ-imyp)(DMF)2(H2O)2]n (2) (H2tdc= 2,5-thiophenedicarboxylic acid, imyp = 4-imidazol-1-yl-pyridine and DMF = N,N-dimethylformamide) have been synthesized by reactions of Cd(NO3)2·4H2O and H2tdc with imyp in different solvents, respectively. Both compounds were then characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction and other physicochemical methods. In 1, partially deprotonated Htdc− anion as terminal ligand and µ-imyp ligand connect Cd2+ ions to generate a discrete structure. In 2, completely deprotonated µ2 – tdc2− anions and µ-imyp ligand link Cd2+ ions into a 1D double chain structure. Both compounds display 3D supramolecular structures through hydrogen bonding interactions. The results provided interesting insights into solvent effects on the structural formation of compounds 1 and 2. In addition, the solid-state photoluminescent properties of compounds 1 and 2 were also investigated. Two solvent-controlled Cd(II) compounds have been synthesized by reactions of Cd(NO3)2·4H2O and 2,5-thiophenedicarboxylic acid with 4-imidazol-1-yl-pyridine in the different solvents. One compound is a discrete structure, while the other compound has a 1D double chain structure. The results provided interesting insights into solvent effects on the structural formation of compounds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We report the synthesis, structures and gas sorption studies of two three-dimensional (3D) metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) namely {[Zn2(OBZ)2L1]·4DMF}n (1) and {[Co3(TER)3(L2)(DMF)]·5DMF}n (2), where OBZ2− is deprotonated 4,4′-oxybis(benzoic acid), TER2− is deprotonated terephthalic acid, DMF is N,N-dimethylformamide, L1 is 2,2′-bis(pyridin-3-ylmethyl)-[5,5′-biisoindoline]-1,1′,3,3′-tetraone and L2 is 5,5′-carbonylbis(2-(pyridin-3-ylmethyl)isoindoline-1,3-dione). 1 and 2 are 3D MOFs containing 2D channels. The desolvated phases of 1 and 2 (1-d and 2-d) adsorb modest amounts of carbon dioxide (CO2) at 195 K and 273 K; however, 1-d displays stepwise adsorption of CO2 at 195 K and hysteretic desorption. Notably, a gate-opening effect is triggered after 1-d adsorbs 63 cm3 (STP) g−1, allowing the structure to open and adsorb an additional 54 cm3 (STP) g−1. In contrast, 1-d adsorbs relatively small amounts of hydrogen (H2) and nitrogen (N2) gases, 3 cm3 (STP) g−1 and 12 cm3 (STP) g−1, respectively, suggesting selectivity of CO2 over H2 and N2. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In solvothermal reactions of Zn(NO3)2×6H2O with K(H2mF‐BTC) or K(H2dF‐BTC) in DMF/ethanol or DMA/ethanol solvent mixtures, single crystals of the MOFs UoC‐7(1F) and UoC‐7(2F) were obtained crystallizing in the hexagonal space group P63/m (no. 176) (H3BTC: 1,3,5‐benzenetricarboxylic acid; mF‐/dF: mono‐/difluoro; DMF: N,N‐dimethylformamide; DMA: N,N‐dimethylacetamide; UoC: University of Cologne). According to the general composition [(CH3)2NH2][K2Zn3(mF‐/dF‐BTC)3(H2O)]×solvent, UoC‐7 consists of an anionic bimetallic framework. The charge is compensated by a (CH3)2NH2+ cation stemming from the (partial) hydrolysis of the solvent. The crystal structure shows large channels along the hexagonal [001] direction, which accommodate the cations as well as solvent molecules. Surface areas (SBET) of 2740 m2/g (UoC‐7(1F)) and 1643 m2/g (UoC‐7(2F)) were obtained from N2 sorption measurements. UoC‐7 shows structural similarities to the MOF NKU‐521 with a 5‐(1H‐tetrazol‐5‐yl)isophthalate linker. Both MOFs exhibit a 4,7,8T14 topology. Despite smaller channels in UoC‐7 compared to NKU‐521, the CO2 uptake is considerably higher (~164 cm3/g at 1 bar/293 K) being one of the highest CO2 uptakes observed up to now. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The solid structure and diagnostics of dilapacholateaqua (dimethyl chloride) chromium (II) compound were analyzed by X-ray radiations. The crystal shape was analyzed and rectified with 5084 reflections using I39 (I) and strained in accordance with R1-factor of 0.0553 using full least-square matrix. The complex of Cr (II) have CrO6 octahedral arrangement, have two cis coordinated lapacholate anions at adjacent carbonyl [Cr–O bond] oxygens of phenyl group [Cr–O bond], H2O [d (Cr–Ow)] and a dimethylformamide (DMF) [d (Cr–O)] axially arranged. The complex crystal has been analyzed for their physicochemical and spectroscopic parameters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As we detailed in this article, 2-[(4-Methyl-2-oxo-2H-chromen-7yl)oxy-N'-(substituted methylene)acetohydrazide (4a-4f) was used in the synthesis with chloroacetyl chloride in presence of DMF (Dimethyl formamide) and TEA (triethyl amine) to form new 4-oxoazetidin-benzopyrone derivatives (5a-5f). Mass spectra, ¹H NMR, FTIR, and elemental analysis were analyzed to confirm 4-oxoazetidin derivatives. The Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion technique was used to examine the biological activity of the synthesized compounds against bacterial strains (Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa) against control Ampicillin, Using the DPPH test, the antioxidant characteristics of synthetic 4-oxoazetidin derivatives (5a-5f) were examined. Additionally, this innovative 4-oxoazetidin (azetidinones) was evaluated using an in-silico approach for ADME (Absorption Distribution Metabolism Excretion). These synthesized compounds (5a - 5f) show good antibacterial potency, also show better Anti-oxidants compared to the well-known antioxidant ascorbic acid, and show high results in computational studies of ADME. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study presents the synthesis and electrocatalytic performance of the cobalt(III) complex [Co3(μ1,1,1‐O)(μ1,3‐CH3CO2)(L)3]2(DMF)3 (Cotri), featuring a double deprotonated (N,O)‐donor ligand (L2‐), where the protonated form of it (H2L) is 2,2′‐(hydrazine‐1,2‐diylidenebis(ethan‐1‐yl‐1‐ylidene))diphenol. The X‐ray structure reveals a trinuclear cobalt cluster formed with three cobalt(III) centers interlinking through oxido (μ1,1,1‐O) and acetato (μ1,3‐O2CCH3) bridges in coupling with bis‐congregator‐type chelating ligands. Cotri adopts cobalt centers of octahedral and trigonal bipyramidal coordination geometries and bears a dominant Co(2)...H(DMF) agostic interactions appraised by lattice dimethyl formamide (DMF) molecules. Further, Cotri shows promising heterogeneous electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution activity in 1 M KOH, with an overpotential of 441 mV to achieve 10 mA/cm2 current density. Tafel slope analysis suggests the Volmer–Heyrovsky step as the rate‐determining step. The number of active sites and TOF for Cotri were estimated at 4.010 × 10−8 mol and 0.2467 s−1, respectively, ensuring its excellent hydrogen generation activity. Stability assessments through controlled potential electrolysis (CPE) and cyclic voltammetry (CV) for multiple cycles addressed the transformation of Cotri to Co2O3 nanoparticles, which turned out to be a more active Co2O3 electrocatalyst. The morphology and particle size of the in situ developed Co2O3 active catalyst under the electrochemical conditions attributes to the superior hydrogen evolution activity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The solubilities of the α-amino acids; DL-Tyrosine, DL-Leucine, DL-Isoleucine and DL-Threonine in six compositions of the binary mixture of pure water and dipolar aprotic N,N-dimethylformamide are evaluated by applying 'analytical gravimetric' method at nine equidistant temperatures in the range of 278.15 K to 318.15 K under 0.1 MPa pressure. Powder X-Ray diffraction and thermogravimetric analysis are performed to investigate solvate formation in saturated solutions. The equilibrium solubility values are compared with other literature and discussed. The variation of experimental solubility values in all compositions of such binary solvent mixtures at the experimental nine different temperatures are analysed in the light of chemical interactions involved. The standard molar dissolution Gibbs free energy, enthalpy and entropy are computed using the van't Hoff analysis. The computed values of the same indicate that the process is endothermic. The standard molar Gibbs free energy as controlled by chemical, hydrophilic and hydrophobic interactions, imparts dissolution of the amino acids in the order, DL-Thr > DL-Ile > DL-Leu > DL-Tyr, as induced by the significant roles of side chains of such amino acids. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Organic solar cells (OSCs), especially those employing bulk heterojunction architecture, present a promising avenue in renewable energy technology. These devices utilize organic materials and can be doped by solvents such as dimethylformamide (DMF), tetrahydrofuran (THF), and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO). Solvent doping (DMF, THF, and DMSO) is observed to augment the efficiency of OSCs. However, a trade‐off exists between the volume of solvent used and the device's efficiency. The judicious selection of solvents is crucial as it directly impacts the environmental footprint of the fabrication process and the power conversion efficiency. Notably, the use of solvents in OSC fabrication contributes to reducing the environmental impact across various categories, in particular Abiotic Depletion, Global Warming, and Human Toxicity. Among the solvents studied, THF demonstrates the most significant reduction in environmental impact. Therefore, optimizing the choice and volume of solvents in OSC fabrication is paramount for achieving both enhanced device performance and minimal environmental footprint.

The aim of the work is to study the effect of the acid comonomer content and forming conditions on the dyeability of gel fibers based on copolymers of acrylonitrile (AN), methyl acrylate (MA) and 2-acrylamide-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid (AMPS). For this purpose, model copolymers AN, MA and AMPS were synthesized with an acid comonomer content in the monomer mixture from 0 to 2 % (wt.) by changing the proportion of MA. It has been established that the actual content of the acidic monomer in the fiber-forming copolymer is higher than expected based on the composition of the initial monomer mixture. Analysis of the dyeability of model samples of polyacrylonitrile fibers formed from synthesized copolymers by the dimethylformamide method with varying technological regimes showed that the amount of dye selected from the dye bath by the gel structure of the fibers is proportional to the content of the acid comonomer in the fiber-forming copolymer. The most significant decrease in the whiteness index (lightness) of the finished fibers is observed with an increase in the AMPS content in the copolymer from 0 to 0.7 % (wt.). Microscopy of model fibers was carried out. Based on the experimental data obtained in the course of the work, it was suggested that in order to achieve an acceptable intensity of dyeing and ensure a soft handle of polyacrylonitrile fibers, the optimal content of acid comonomer during the synthesis of fiber-forming copolymers based on AN, MA and AMPS should be in the range of 0.9 up to 1.3 % (of the mass of monomers in the reaction mixture).

The equine industry is an essential source of job and income worldwide. The use of artificial insemi-nation (AI) with frozen semen is an opportunity to continue disseminating the Colombian Criollo horse. Seminal cryopreservation studies in Colombian Criollo horses are limited, and there is no pre-vious knowledge in deleterious changes induced by the cryopreservation process on the chromatin integrity of the spermatic cells. The present study aimed to verify the effect of the modified-INRA 82 and Botucrio® extenders on sperm kinematics, chromatin integrity, and morphology of cryopreserved Colombian Criollo sperm. Five ejaculates of five stallions were obtained, split into two samples, and frozen with two different extenders (modified-INRA 82 and Botucrio) and cooling curves. After freezing, samples were analysed with the CASA system. Sperm morphology, chromatin integrity, hypoosmotic, and thermoresistance tests were performed. Data were analysed by MANOVA (para-metrical variables) and Kruskal Wallis (non-parametrical variables) with SAS Studio ® software. Statistically significant differences (P≤0.05) were found for the progressive motility (14 ± 5 and 27 ± 13), and chromatin integrity (64 ± 3 and 69 ± 5) for modified-INRA 82 and Botucrio, respectively. Botucrio samples presented higher total motility at 30, 60, 90, 120, and 150 min and progressive motility at 60, 90, 120 min in thermoresistance test than modified-INRA 82. Botucrio and modified-INRA 82, are capable to conserve effectively equine semen from Colombian Criollo horses. However, Botucrio permitted an improved kinematics and higher chromatin integrity than modified-INRA 82.

We report Fe porphyrins bearing different meso-substituents for the electrocatalytic CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR). By replacing two and four meso-phenyl groups of Fe tetraphenylporphyrin (FeTPP) with strong electron-withdrawing pentafluorophenyl groups, we synthesized FeF10TPP and FeF20TPP, respectively. We showed that FeTPP and FeF10TPP are active and selective for CO2- to-CO conversion in dimethylformamide with the former being more active, but FeF20TPP catalyzes hydrogen evolution rather than the CO2RR under the same conditions. Experimental and theoretical studies revealed that with more electron-withdrawing meso-substituents, the Fe center becomes electron-deficient and it becomes difficult for it to bind a CO2 molecule in its formal Fe0 state. This work is significant to illustrate the electronic effects of catalysts on binding and activating CO2 molecules and provide fundamental knowledge for the design of new CO2RR catalysts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The reaction of perfluorotetralin with zinc in DMF, followed by treatment with water, gave 1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4,5,6,8-undecafluorotetralin, perfluoro-2,2′-binaphthalene, and octafluoronaphthalene. Under similar conditions, perfluoro-1-ethyltetralin was converted into a mixture of 1,2,3,4,6,7-hexafluoro-5-(per-fluoro-ethyl)naphthalene and perfluorinated 1-ethyl- and 1-vinylnaphthalenes, perfluoro-6-methyltetralin gave rise to 1,2,4,5,6,8-hexafluoro-3-(trifluoromethyl)naphthalene and perfluoro-2-methylnaphthalene, and per-fluoro-1-methylnaphthalene was obtained from perfluoro-4-methyl-1,2-dihydronaphthalene. Perfluoro-1-ethyl-tetralin reacted with bromine-activated zinc in DMF to produce a mixture containing (perfluoro-4-ethylnaph-thalen-1-yl)zinc bromide which was converted to 1,2,3,4,6,7-hexafluoro-5-(perfluoroethyl)naphthalene by the action of water, while its reaction with CuCl2 afforded perfluoro-4,4′-diethyl-1,1′-binaphthalene. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, two types of organic solvents: namely, dimethylformamide (DMF) and tetrahydrofuran (THF); were investigated individually to prepare graphene oxide (GO) based polystyrene (PS) nanocomposites. Both were effective exfoliation agents for GO nano-sheets using sonication process. However, DMF showed poor solubility for PS beads compared to THF due to its high boiling point, poor volatility, and the prevailing monomer–monomer interaction rather than monomer–solvent interaction. Hot pressing was not an efficient preparatory approach for those samples prepared by DMF. Hence, solution casting, and THF were adopted to prepare PS and its GO-based nanocomposites. (0.5 and 1.0) wt. % of GO were dispersed homogeneously in PS using different dispersive techniques. Range of properties were tested for the pure polymer and its GO-based nanocomposites prepared by THF. A good dispersion of GO nano-sheets in PS was observed by different microscopic techniques. A significant improvement of mechanical and thermo-mechanical (storage modulus) performances for the polymer nanocomposites (PNCs) were achieved compared to the pure polymer. Young's modulus for PS/GO nanocomposites was improved by 122% and 143% for GO loadings of 0.5 and 1.0 wt. %; respectively, and storage modulus for the nanocomposites recorded a considerable promotion compared to the pure polymer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The equine industry is an essential source of job and income worldwide. The use of artificial insemination (AI) with frozen semen is an opportunity to continue disseminating the Colombian Criollo horse. Seminal cryopreservation studies in Colombian Criollo horses are limited, and there is no previous knowledge in deleterious changes induced by the cryopreservation process on the chromatin integrity of the spermatic cells. The present study aimed to verify the effect of the modified-INRA 82 and Botucrio® extenders on sperm kinematics, chromatin integrity, and morphology of cryopreserved Colombian Criollo sperm. Five ejaculates of five stallions were obtained, split into two samples, and frozen with two different extenders (modified-INRA 82 and Botucrio) and cooling curves. After freezing, samples were analysed with the CASA system. Sperm morphology, chromatin integrity, hypoosmotic, and thermoresistance tests were performed. Data were analysed by MANOVA (parametrical variables) and Kruskal Wallis (non-parametrical variables) with SAS Studio ® software. Statistically significant differences (P=0.05) were found for the progressive motility (14 ± 5 and 27 ± 13), and chromatin integrity (64 ± 3 and 69 ± 5) for modified-INRA 82 and Botucrio, respectively. Botucrio samples presented higher total motility at 30, 60, 90, 120, and 150 min and progressive motility at 60, 90, 120 min in thermoresistance test than modified-INRA 82. Botucrio and modified-INRA 82, are capable to conserve effectively equine semen from Colombian Criollo horses. However, Botucrio permitted an improved kinematics and higher chromatin integrity than modified-INRA 82. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The reaction of equimolar quantities of 3-(1-(4-methoxyphenyl)-5-methyl-1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)-1-phenyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carbaldehyde and (2,4,6-trichlorophenyl)hydrazine in ethanol containing concentrated hydrochloric acid (0.2 mL; 37%) as a catalyst under reflux for 2 h yielded 1-(1-(benzofuran-2-yl)ethylidene)-2-(2,4,6-trichlorophenyl)hydrazine. The crude produced was purified by crystallization using dimethylformamide to provide the title heterocycle in a 95% yield. The structure of the newly synthesized heterocycle was confirmed through X-ray diffraction and spectral analyses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A comprehensive thermodynamic and structural study of the complexation affinities of tetra (L1), penta (L2), and hexaphenylalanine (L3) linear peptides towards several inorganic anions in acetonitrile (MeCN) and N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) was carried out. The influence of the chain length on the complexation thermodynamics and structural changes upon anion binding are particularly addressed here. The complexation processes were characterized by means of spectrofluorimetric, 1H NMR, microcalorimetric, and circular dichroism spectroscopy titrations. The results indicate that all three peptides formed complexes of 1:1 stoichiometry with chloride, bromide, hydrogen sulfate, dihydrogen phosphate (DHP), and nitrate anions in acetonitrile and DMF. In the case of hydrogen sulfate and DHP, anion complexes of higher stoichiometries were observed as well, namely those with 1:2 and 2:1 (peptide:anion) complexes. Anion-induced peptide backbone structural changes were studied by molecular dynamic simulations. The anions interacted with backbone amide protons and one of the N-terminal amine protons through hydrogen bonding. Due to the anion binding, the main chain of the studied peptides changed its conformation from elongated to quasi-cyclic in all 1:1 complexes. The accomplishment of such a conformation is especially important for cyclopeptide synthesis in the head-to-tail macrocyclization step, since it is most suitable for ring closure. In addition, the studied peptides can act as versatile ionophores, facilitating transmembrane anion transport. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A benign electrochemical method to access 6‐methylphenanthridines from 2‐isocyanobiaryls using N,N‐dimethylformamide (DMF) as a methyl source is reported. The protocol operates at ambient temperature without the need for harmful methylating reagents. Mechanistic studies suggested that DMF delivered a methylene synthon, followed by reduction at the cathode and tautomerization. The method offers environmental benefits by avoiding metal‐based reagents and harsh conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It is of great significance to synthesize carbon dots (CDs) with desirable hydrophilicity for the ever-growing application of CDs in different fields. In this study, the hydrophilic and hydrophobic CDs were facilely prepared by solvothermal treatment of o-dihydroxybenzene and urea in N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF). Optimization experiments revealed that the solvothermal temperature has a great impact on the surface states of the CDs. The hydrophobic CDs with a contact angle of 110.7° was obtained at 200 °C. The structural and optical characterizations, along with theoretical calculations elucidated that the lipophilic nature of the CDs was resulting from the formation of polymer chains. The presence of extended conjugated sp2-domains and amino groups contributed to the red emission of the CDs synthesized at low reaction temperatures (160–200 °C). With the further increase of solvothermal temperature, the hydrophobic CDs were gradually transformed to the hydrophilic state accompanying the blue shift of the fluorescence of the CDs. The highly hydrophilic CDs with a contact angle of 25.9° were obtained at 240 °C due to the increased formation of hydrophilic functional groups on the surface of CDs. The red emissive CDs exhibited a sensitive color and fluorescence response to ethanol content while the fluorescence of the blue emissive CDs remained constant. By combining the two kinds of CDs, a dual-emission sensor was constructed, which was successfully applied for the evaluation of the alcoholic strength in commercial Baijiu commodities in both fluorometric and colorimetric modes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The development of comprehensive optical self-healing polyurethane polymers for smart optical devices presents a significant challenge due to the trade-off between intrinsic self-healing capability and mechanical strength. This study focuses on the synthesis of versatile photoluminescence supramolecular polymers that integrate self-healing ability, mechanical strength, and fluorescence responsiveness. The incorporation of hydrogen bonds and disulfide bonds into the dynamic hard domain results in the optimal polymer exhibiting impressive mechanical properties (strength, 27.0 MPa; toughness, 132.1 MJ m-3; elongation at break, 1450%), as well as a conspicuous self-healing efficiency (surface scratches disappear within just 1 min). Furthermore, the transparent (transparency >97%) and colorless polymers demonstrate aggregation-induced emission, characterized by intense cyan fluorescence that transitions to subdued blue fluorescence upon stretching under 365 nm irradiation. Proof-of-concept experiments demonstrate that screen-printed fluorescent patterns, based on as-prepared fluorescence ink associated with dual-mode upconversion emission, are able to successfully encode fluorescence information, and can be integrated into the self-healable 3D optical devices. The self-healing optical devices designed with versatile polymers and featuring diversified patterns offer a promising direction for the advancement and application of future self-healing materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Three Fe(III)-based coordination complexes [Fe(dqmp)2](NO3)·H2O (1), [Fe(dqmp)2](BF4)·2CH3COCH3 (2), and [Fe(dqmp)2](ClO4) (3) were synthesized from Fe(NO3)3·9H2O/Fe(ClO4)3·xH2O, NaBF4, and 2,4-dichloro-6-((quinoline-8-ylimino)methyl)phenol (Hdqmp) in methanol/acetone and characterized. The structures of complexes 1–3 were determined via single-crystal X-ray crystallography at 100 K and room temperature, and their magnetic properties in the solid and solution forms were investigated. All complexes showed meridional structures with two tridentate dqmp− ligands coordinated with Fe(III) cations. In the solid state, complex 1 showed an abrupt and complete spin crossover at 225 K, whereas complexes 2 and 3 exhibited an incomplete spin crossover at 135 and 150 K, respectively. In a dimethylformamide solution, the complexes showed counterion-dependent spin transitions. In contrast to the solid state, in solution, complex 1 did not exhibit complete spin crossover. However, complexes 2 and 3 showed more complete spin transitions in solutions than in the solid state. The relaxation times, T1 and T2, for 1 and 2 were determined and both increased with temperature from 220 to 380 K. The T1 of 1 was larger than that of 2 at 380 K, and the T1 values were larger than the T2 values. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hydrogen-bonded organic frameworks (HOFs) are frameworks formed by organic building blocks through hydrogen bonding forces with promising applications in various fields. However, their development has been hindered by poor stability. In this work, a multiple hydrogen bond strategy with in situ generation of dimethylamine (DMA) is proposed to design robust HOFs. The protic acid HCl and Lewis acid Ag+ catalyze the cleavage of the amide C–N bond in the solvent N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) molecules to generate dimethylamine (DMA) molecules in situ. Then, DMA molecules form multiple hydrogen bonds with dicarboxylic phenylporphyrin (DBP), and build a crystalline hydrogen-bonded organic framework (DBP-HOF), utilizing both their donor and acceptor on the N atom of each DMA molecule. Additionally, DBP's large π conjugate structure contributes to stabilizing DBP-HOF through strong π–π stacking interactions. Notably, DBP-HOF demonstrates excellent fluorescence performance for selective detection of Cu2+, as well as responsiveness towards methylene blue (MB) and indigo carmine (IC). Interestingly, each analyte elicits distinct fluorescence behavior from DBP-HOF, enabling their effective differentiation. This study holds significant implications for designing stable HOF materials and advancing their application in optical sensing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Phase modulation of noble metal alloys (NMAs) is critically important in nanoscience since the distinct atomic arrangements can largely determine their physicochemical properties. However, the precise modulation of NMAs is formidably challenging, because thermodynamically stable phases are generally preferential compared to those metastable ones. Herein, we proposed a potential energy trapping strategy for phase modulation of Pd-Te alloys with solvents. Thereinto, ethylene glycol can increase the energy barrier for both Pd leaching and Te introduction, forming metastable Pd20Te7 phase. Inversely, N, N-dimethylformamide is unable to trap metastable phase, inducing the phase evolution to thermodynamically stable PdTe phase, and the precise phase modulation was realized including Pd20Te7, PdTe and PdTe2 phases. The Pd-Te alloys displayed phase-dependent formic acid oxidation catalytic performance with PdTe phase showing the best. This work proposes a strategy for creating metastable phase with potential energy trap, which may deepen the understanding of phase engineering for noble metal-based nanocrystals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The conditions were developed and the optimal temperature regime was selected for a selective thionation of 5-aryl-3-[(dimethylamino)-methylidene]furan-2(3H)-ones with Lawesson's reagent. The stereochemistry of the synthesized 3-[(dimethylamino)methylidene]furan-2(3H)-thiones was established. Based on this, a number of 3-arylaminomethylidenefuran-2(3H)-thiones were synthesized via transamination reaction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: In order to find an alternative cryoprotectant for canine semen, different cryoprotectants, as dimethyl sulphoxide and ethylene glycol, dimethyle formamide either alone or in combination with glycerol have been evaluated on pooled semen of different breeds with different opinions. Methods: In the current study the effect of glycerol, DMF and their combination in Tris-citric acid-fructose egg yolk plasma extender on motility, viability, plasma membrane integrity (PMI), acrosome integrity (AI), inner mitochondrial membrane potential (IMMP), reactive oxygen species (ROS) and antioxidant enzymes in frozen-thaw semen of pug breed was compared. Result: Values for motility, viability, (PMI), AI were significantly (p<0.05) high in TCFEYP-G compared to TCFEYP-DMF and TCFEYPG+ DMF at post thaw. However, HIMMP and MIMMP/MDA were non-significantly (P>0.05) high and low in TCFEYP-G compared to TCFEYP-DMF and TCFEYP-G + DMF at post thaw, respectively. MDA concentration was significantly (p<0.05) low in TCFEYP-G compared to TCFEYP-DMF and TCFEYP-G + TCFEYP-DMF extenders. However, H2O2, scavenging capacity of spermatozoa, cryopreserved in TCFEYP-G was significantly (p<0.05) higher than in TCFEYP-DMF and TCFEYP-G + TCFEYP-DMF. However, there was no significant (p>0.05) difference in superoxide free radical scavenging activity and nitrite concentration of spermatozoa among the three extenders. Activity of GPX, SOD and Catalase was also significantly (p<0.05) higher in TCFEYP-G compared to TCFEYP-DMF and TCFEYP-G+DMF. However, values were reverse for GRE activity. This study concludes that glycerol is a healthier cryoprotectant to protect canine spermatozoa from cryo-injury during freezing-thawing process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]