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Tetrix gibberosa (Wang & Zheng, 1993) Figs. 1���3 (Mishtshenkotetrix gibberosa Wang & Zheng, 1993) = Alulatettix bulbosus Zheng & Zhong, 2001, syn. nov. = Exothotettix jiangxiensis Liang & Jia, 2008, syn. nov. [ Liang, Jia, Shi, Wu & Chen, 2008 in OSF ] = Tetrix glochinota Zhao, Niu & Zheng, 2010, syn. nov. = Tetrix gibbosa Zheng & Zha, 2011 = Alulatettix nigromarginalis Zhang, Deng & Zha, 2014, syn. nov. = Alulatettix flavotibialis Zhang, Deng & Zha, 2014, syn. nov. Material examined. Our specimens. 64 males and 83 females, and 7 nymphs (2 males and 5 females), PR. China: Anhui (Jinzhai, Huoshan, Yuexi, Shitai, Huangshan), May���August 2010 ���2021, coll. Wen-Jing Ding, Jian-Hua Ding, Xiao-Jie Zhang, Li-Bin Ma, and Ling-Sheng Zha (including the type specimens of Alulatettix nigromarginalis and Alulatettix flavotibialis). Two females, PR. China: Jiangxi (Lushan), 3 August 2021, coll. Wen-Jing Ding, Jian-Hua Ding and Ling-Sheng Zha. Depositions in the Institute of Zoology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi���an, PR China. Syntypes of Mishtshenkotetrix gibberosa: three females, Anhui (Huoshan), 31 August 1989; two females, Anhui (Jinzhai), 21 August 1989. Holotype and paratypes of Alulatettix bulbosus: one male and three females, Hubei (Luotian), 8���14 June 1999. Holotype and paratypes of Tetrix glochinota: three females, Henan (Tongbai), 17 July 2001. Holotype of Tetrix gibbosa: male, Anhui (Huangshan), 20 May 2010. Taxonomic placement. The species possesses the typical characteristics of the subfamily Tetriginae, including: 1) filiform antennae; 2) elongate medial carina of vertex (Lu & Zha, 2020); 3) medial ocellus is situated below the lower margin of eyes; 4) smooth body surface (without humps); 5) normal dorsal margins of fore and mid femora (without furrow); 6) lateral lobe of pronotum is close to the body. The species should be placed in the genus Tetrix, and the reasons include: 1) head is not at all elevated, and lateral carinae are nearly as tall as medial carina of vertex (differing from elevated head with higher lateral carinae in Ergatettix Kirby, Euparatettix Hancock, Bannatettix Zheng, Lamellitettigodes G��nther, and Paratettix Bol��var; Lu & Zha, 2020); 2) vertex is not at all contracted forwards (differing from extremely contracted in Teredorus Hancock); 3) in lateral view, frontal costa together with medial carina of vertex is moderately rounded (neither wholly arcuate in Coptotettix Bol��var and Hedotettix Bol��var, nor strongly projected forwards in Clinotettix Bey- Bienko); and 4) conspicuous tegminal sinus and ���normal��� flying organs (unlike shallow to absent tegminal sinus with ���abbreviated��� flying organs in Alulatettix Liang, Formosatettix Tinkham and their relatives, Zha et al., 2020; also see the discussion part at below). Typical characteristics. As a member of Tetrix, the species can be easily recognized by its lamellate and strongly elevated pronotum (strongly arcuate in lateral view). Our collecting practices indicate that the species possesses the pleomorphism of hind wings and the hind pronotal process. Most individuals are brachypterous, their hind processes do not reach the apices of the hind femora, and their hind wings only slightly surpass the middle of the hind processes; only few are macropterous, their hind pronotal processes surpass the apices of the hind femora, and their hind wings surpass the apices of the hind femora much more (Fig. 2). Other characters can also help to separate the species from other members of the genus, including: medial carina of vertex straight (in lateral view), elongate, as tall as lateral carinae but a little lower than the tops of eyes; vertex relatively flattened, 1.5���1.9 times as wide as one eyes; anterior margin nearly straight, reaching or slightly surpassing the anterior margin of eyes; in lateral view, frontal costa together with medial carina rounded, facial carinae above superior ocelli slightly concave; scutellum between grooves equal to or narrower than the diameter of scapus; superior ocelli situated at the middle of inner margins of eyes; antenna 15���16-segmented (males 15, females 15���16), inserted between the lower margin of eyes, the longest segments 5.5���6 times as long as wide; anterior margin of pronotum obtusely angled; ventral margin of mid femur weakly undulated; lower margin of hind pronotal process straight, internal lateral carina nearly straight, the area between them very narrow; the first segment of hind tarsus about 1.5 times as long as the third, the first and second pulvilli short with sharp tips, the third pulvillus long with obtuse tip; upper valvae of female ovipositor stubby, about 2.6 times (excluding the stipe) as long as wide; nymphs similar to brachypterous adults. Measurements (in mm). Length of body: male 7.3���11, female 10���14.5; length of pronotum: brachypterous male 6.5���8, macropterous male unknown, brachypterous female 7.5���9.5, macropterous female 10���12; length of hind femur: male 5���7, female 6���8; length of antennae: male 4���4.5, female 4.5���5. Taxonomic revision and synonyms. Due to the taxonomic confusions of both flying organs and brachypterous and macropterous morphs, the species have been described into some different species. These species were all recorded from the same or adjacent regions (Fig. 4). On the basis of: 1) the classification standard of flying organs of Tetrigidae (Zha et al., 2016, 2017, 2020), 2) the intraspecific variation relationship of brachypterous and macropterous morphs (Ding et al., 2021; Zha et al., 2021), and the evidences of morphology and geography, we give necessary taxonomic clarification for the species. The species was originally described as Mishtshenkotetrix gibberosa with 15 females from Anhui (Huoshan, Jinzhai) and Hubei (Yingshan) (holotype: Huoshan; Wang & Zheng, 1993); then, Niu et al. (1994) described its male with 34 males from Henan (Xinyang). Zheng & Zhong (2001) described it as Alulatettix bulbosus, syn. nov. with one male and three females from Hubei (Luotian) (holotype: male). Liang et al. (2008) described it as Exothotettix jiangxiensis, syn. nov. with one male and one female from Jiangxi (Shangrao) (holotype: male). Zheng & Zha (2011) described it as Tetrix gibbosa with two males from Anhui (Huangshan). Zhang et al. (2014) described it as Alulatettix nigromarginalis, syn. nov. with three males and seven females from Anhui (Shitai, Huangshan) (holotype: female, Shitai), and Alulatettix flavotibialis, syn. nov. with 21 males and 37 females from Anhui (Yuexi, Jinzhai) (holotype: female, Yuexi). These are all brachypterous morph of the species and have consistent morphology. Recently we collected and observed its macropterous morph in Huangshan, Anhui. Individuals of the two morphs live in the same habitats; they are morphologically consistent, except for the different lengths of both hind wings and hind pronotal processes. Our macropterous collections match the characters of Tetrix glochinota, syn. nov., which was described with three females from Henan (Tongbai; Zhao et al., 2010). Based on the type specimens of Mishtshenkotetrix gibberosa and Tetrix gibbosa and his collections from Anhui (Huoshan, Jinzhai), Hubei (Yingshan), and Henan (Xinxian), Deng (2016) confirmed that the two species are conspecific. The author suggested synonymizing Tetrix gibbosa with Mishtshenkotetrix gibberosa (accepted by OSF), but he did not give convincing reason why the species should be placed in Tetrix (only based on presented but relatively small tegminal sinus, which is similarly presented in Alulatettix and Aalatettix). Following the Code of Zoological Nomenclature (ICZN, 1999), we formally accept Tetrix gibberosa (Wang & Zheng) as the species��� name, and synonymize all its duplications listed above. Biology and habits ( Fig. 3). Tetrix gibberosa live in humid and semi-humid subtropic forests (below 2000 m) with sandy soil and sparse shrubs, mainly the borders of streams. They feed on mosses and all sorts of humus. Macropterous individuals are sparse and often move among shrubs, while brachypterous ones are common and prefer to jump on the ground. The species may overwinter as adults, because the collections in May of each year are all adults. Under low temperatures, they bury themselves in sandy soil; when raining or at night, they commonly conceal their bodies in leaf litter or humus layer. Color and maculation vary with the environmental changes, and individuals in the humid environment are often covered with some mosses. They usually live with Formosatettix lushanensis Zheng & Yang, Tetrix japonica (Bol��var), Bolivaritettix circinihumerus Zheng, Bolivaritettix lativertex (Brunner von Wattenwyl), Teredorus spp. and etc.. Several milky nematodes had been found living within the body of its nymph, and this is the first report that nematodes can parasitize pygmy grasshoppers. Known distribution (Fig. 4). PR China (Anhui, Henan, Hubei, Jiangxi) [or: the Dabieshan Mountains, the Lushan Mountains, the Huangshan Mountains, and their adjacent area]., Published as part of Ding, Wen-Jing, Ding, Jian-Hua, Zhang, Hai-Jun & Zha, Ling-Sheng, 2021, Taxonomical clarification of Tetrix gibberosa (Wang & Zheng), a high-backed pygmy grasshopper species from eastern PR China (Orthoptera: Tetrigidae), pp. 278-285 in Zootaxa 5082 (3) on pages 279-282, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5082.3.5, http://zenodo.org/record/5788275, {"references":["Wang, Y. W. & Zheng, Z. M. (1993) A new species of Tetrigoidea from Anhui, China. Acta Entomologica Sinica, 36 (4), 477 - 478. [in Chinese]","Zheng, Z. M. & Zhong, Y. L. (2001) The genus Alulatettix Liang from China (Orthoptera: Tetrigoidea: Tetrigidae). Oriental Insects, 35 (1), 193 - 202. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00305316.2001.10417299","Liang, G. Q., Jia, F. L., Shi, L., Wu, J. H. & Chen, H. (2008) A new species of the genus Exothotettix (Orthoptera: Tetrigidae) from Jiangxi Province and description to female of Exothotettix guangxiensis Zheng et Jiang. Entomotaxonomia, 30 (1), 7 - 10. [in Chinese]","Zhao, L., Niu, Y. & Zheng, Z. M. (2010) Two new species of the genus Tetrix (Orthoptera: Tetrigidae) from Henan Province. Sichuan Journal of Zoology, 29 (2), 197 - 199. [in Chinese]","Zheng, Z. M. & Zha, L. S. (2011) A primary record of Tetrigoidea from Huangshan, Anhui Province (Orthoptera). Journal of Shaanxi Normal University (Natural Science Edition), 39 (1), 60 - 61. [in Chinese]","Zhang, X. J., Deng, W. A. & Zha, L. S. (2014) Three new species of the genus Alulatettix Liang from China (Orthoptera: Tetrigidae). Neotropical Entomology, 43 (3), 227 - 235. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 13744 - 014 - 0201 - 5","Lu, Y. Z. & Zha, L. S. (2020) A new species of the genus Lamellitettigodes (Orthoptera: Tetrigidae) from PR China, with taxonomic notes on the genus. Zootaxa, 4851 (2), 338 - 348. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4851.2.7","Zha, L. S., Wu, X. M. & Ding, J. H. (2020) Two new species of the genus Formosatettix Tinkham, 1937 (Orthoptera, Tetrigidae) from Guizhou and Chongqing, PR China. ZooKeys, 936, 61 - 76. https: // doi. org / 10.3897 / zookeys. 936.49552","Zha, L. S., Wen, T. C., Boonmee, S. & Eungwanichayapant, P. D. (2016) Notes on the genus Yunnantettix Zheng (Tetrigidae: Cladonotinae), with descriptions of two new species from Thailand. Zootaxa, 4205 (4), 373 - 385. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4205.4.6","Zha, L. S., Yu, F. M., Boonmee, S., Eungwanichayapant, P. D. & Wen, T. C. (2017) Taxonomy of Macromotettixoides with the description of a new species (Tetrigidae, Metrodorinae). ZooKeys, 645, 13 - 25. https: // doi. org / 10.3897 / zookeys. 645.9055","Ding, J. H., Wang, M., Wu, X. M. & Zha, L. S. (2021) Pygmy grasshoppers in Xinjiang, China: Species diversity and new synonyms (Orthoptera: Tetrigidae). Entomotaxonomia, 43 (3), 168 - 177. https: // doi. org / 10.11680 / entomotax. 2021029","Zha, L. S., Skejo, J., Mao, B. Y. & Ding, J. H. (2021) Taxonomic revision of Phaesticus Uvarov and synonymy with Flatocerus Liang & Zheng syn. nov. (Orthoptera: Tetrigidae). Zootaxa, 4965 (3), 501 - 514. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4965.3.5","Niu, Y., Yang, X. F. & Chen, G. W. (1994) Description of male Formosatettix henanensis Liang and male Mishtshenkotetrix gibberosa Wang & Zheng. The Fauna and Taxonomy of Insects in Henan, 1, 13 - 15. [in Chinese]","Deng, W. A. (2016) Taxonomic study of Tetrigoidea from China. Doctoral Dissertation, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 339 pp. [in Chinese]"]}

Genus Phaesticus Uvarov, 1940 (Phaestus Bol��var, 1887; Lamprauges Blackith, 1992) = Flatocerus Liang & Zheng, 1984 syn. nov. Type species: Phaesticus mellerborgi (St��l, 1855) Redescription of generic characteristics General appearance. Body size small, surface smooth and without humps or wrinkles. Head. Vertex and occiput clearly separated by a ridge (posterior margin of fossulae); vertex extremely shortened, sloping forwards, only restricted between anterior and posterior margins of fossulae; anterior margin narrowest, only reaching the middle of the inner margins of eyes in dorsal view; medial carina and frontal costa not quite developed (P. mellerborgi and P. moniliantennatus) or indistinct (P. hainanensis comb. nov.), lateral carinae indistinct, medial carina extending to occiput; in lateral view, face obtusely angled forwards, facial carinae between antennal grooves strongly arcuate to obtusely angled, vertex and the upper part of face (above antennal sockets) nearly at the same slope (P. hainanensis comb. nov.) or form a broadly obtuse angle (P. mellerborgi and P. moniliantennatus); longitudinal furrow deep, equal to or narrower than the diameter of an antennal scapus. Antennae inserted slightly below the lower margin of eyes (upper margin of antennal sockets and lower margin of eyes nearly at the same level), 13-segmented (or 14- segmented, because the 3 rd segment is usually separated into two short segments), the 11 th and parts of its adjacent segments generally milky white to yellow; subapical segments (generally from 7 th (8 th) to 10 th) considerably broadened and flattened, ovate (P. mellerborgi) or long elliptical (P. moniliantennatus and P. hainanensis comb. nov.). Eyes approximately as high as the top of vertex and not higher than the anterior margin of pronotum, in frontal view with nearly straight inner margins which are slightly contracted upwards. Superior ocelli situated at lower 1/3���1/4 of the inner margins of eyes. Pronotum. Anterior margin projected more or less forwards, broadly arcuate or obtusely angled in dorsal view; median carina distinct and entire, humeral angles broadly arcuate; posterior angel of lateral lobe extending obliquely, downwards and backwards, apex truncated; ventral sinus and tegminal sinus present. Wings. Fore and hind wings normal (Zha et al., 2016, 2020); hind wings elongated or shortened within the same species, varying with the length of hind pronotal process (detailed in discussion). Legs. Dorsal and ventral margins of fore and mid femora straight or nearly straight; the first segment of hind tarsus approximately as long as the third, apices of three pulvilli obtuse. Justification of taxonomic placement Phaesticus can easily be separated from other genera of the family Tetrigidae by the following characteristics: obtusely angled face in lateral view, extremely short vertex sloping forwards, indistinct lateral carinae of vertex, 13-segmented (not considering the separation of the 3 rd segment) antennae with considerably broadened subapical segments, smooth body surface without humps or wrinkles, developed fore and hind wings, directing downwards lateral pronotal lobes with truncated apices, and the first segment of hind tarsus approximately as long as the third. These typical characteristics are somewhat more similar to Metrodorinae and Tetriginae than to the other five subfamilies in Tetrigidae. Skejo (2017) commented its taxonomic placement in detail and speculated that it might belong to Metrodorinae or Tetriginae. We think it might be an independent branch close to Metrodorinae and Tetriginae. Future molecular phylogenetic evidences are needed to confirm its taxonomic placement. Key to the species of the genus Phaesticus Uvarov, 1940 Fig. 1 1. Subapical antennal segments from eighth to tenth strongly broadened, ovate, and the widest segment about 1.7���2.4 times as long as it is wide. Distributed in Java, Sumatra, Kalimantan, Singapore, West Malaysia, Thailand, India (Assam, Mizoram), PR China (Yunnan)................................................................. P. mellerborgi (St��l, 1855) -. Subapical antennal segments from seventh to tenth moderately broadened, long elliptical, and the widest segment is about 3.6���4 times as long as wide.................................................................................. 2 2. Vertex wide, 1.5 times as wide as one eye; pronotum roof-like in front of the shoulders while slightly roof-like behind the shoulders, anterior margin broadly arcuate from dorsal view. Distributed in PR China (Hainan)........................................................................................... P. hainanensis (Liang, 1988) comb. nov. -. Vertex narrow, 0.9���1.3 times as wide as one eye; pronotum lamellate, anterior margin obtusely angled from dorsal view. Distributed in northern Vietnam, PR China (Guangxi, Guangdong, Guizhou, Fujian, Hunan).................................................................................................... P. moniliantennatus (G��nther, 1940), Published as part of Zha, Ling-Sheng, Skejo, Josip, Mao, Ben-Yong & Ding, Jian-Hua, 2021, Taxonomic revision of Phaesticus Uvarov and synonymy with Flatocerus Liang & Zheng syn. nov. (Orthoptera: Tetrigidae), pp. 501-514 in Zootaxa 4965 (3) on pages 502-504, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4965.3.5, http://zenodo.org/record/4754258, {"references":["Uvarov, B. P. (1940) Twenty-four new generic names in Orthoptera. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 11, 6 (31), 112 - 117. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 03745481.1940.9723661","Bolivar, I. (1887) Essai sur les acridiens de la tribu des Tettigidae. Annales de la Societe Entomologique de Belgique, 31, 175 - 313.","Blackith, R. E. (1992) Tetrigidae (Insecta: Orthoptera) of South-East Asia: Annotated catalogue with partial translated keys and bibliography. Ashford Co., Ireland: JAPAGA, Rockbottom, 248 pp.","Liang, G. Q. & Zheng, Z. M. (1984) A new genus and a new species of Tetrigidae from Guangdong Province (Orthoptera: Tetrigidae). Acta Entomologica Sinica, 27 (4), 430 - 432. [in Chinese]","Stal, C. (1855) Nya Orthoptera. Ofversigt af Kongliga Vetenskaps-Akademiens Forhandlingar, 12, 348 - 353.","Zha, L. S., Wen, T. C., Boonmee, S. & Eungwanichayapant, P. D. (2016) Notes on the genus Yunnantettix Zheng (Tetrigidae: Cladonotinae), with descriptions of two new species from Thailand. Zootaxa, 4205 (4), 373 - 385. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4205.4.6","Skejo, J. (2017) Taxonomic revision of the pygmy devils (Tetrigidae: Discotettiginae) with online social media as a new tool for discovering hidden diversity. Master Dissertation, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, 235 pp.","Liang, G. Q. (1988) A new species of the genus Flatocerus from Hainan Island (Orthoptera: Tetrigidae). Acta Zootaxonomica Sinica, 13 (1), 65 - 66. [in Chinese]","Gunther, K. (1940) Die von J. Klapperich, Bonn, in Fokien (Sudostchina) gesammelten Dornschrecken (Orth., Acrididae, Acrydiinae). Decheniana A, 98 (2), 249 - 254."]}

Phaesticus mellerborgi (St��l, 1855) Figs. 2, 3 (Tettix mellerborgi St��l, 1855; Phaestus mellerborgi (St��l, 1855); Lamprauges mellerborgi (St��l, 1855)) = Phaesticus insularis (Hancock, 1907) syn. nov. (Phaestus insularis Hancock, 1907; Lamprauges insularis (Hancock, 1907)) = Phaesticus sumatrensis (Willemse, 1928; synonymized by G��nther (1938)) (Phaestus sumatrensis Willemse, 1928) = Phaesticus carinatus Zheng, 1998 syn. nov. = Phaesticus azemii Mahmood, Idris & Salmah, 2007 syn. nov. = Flatocerus brachynotus Liang, Chen & Chen, 2008 syn. nov. = Phaesticus uvarovi Storozhenko & Dawwrueng, 2015 syn. nov. Material examined. One male (the brachypterous form, Fig. 3), Yunnan, Yingjiang (Jiemao), 1200 m, 31 July 2015, coll. Ji-Shan Xu; three females (the brachypterous form, Fig. 3), PR China: Yunnan, Ruili, 23��55���N, 97��33���E, 791 m, 1 October 2019, coll. Miao Li; one female (the macropterous form), PR China: Yunnan, L��chun (Pinghe) (type locality of F. brachynotus, Fig. 2), 26 July 2006, coll. Ji-Shan Xu. Notes. Liang et al. (2008) introduced F. brachynotus based on many specimens from Yunnan, PR China (seven males and nine females from L��chun, one female from Puer). The species was described with the following characters: hind pronotal process varies from not reaching knees (some females) to nearly reaching apices of hind femora (males and some females); hind wings vary from not reaching (most females) to slightly surpassing apex of hind process (males and few females). Our collections from Yunnan exactly match the characters of F. brachynotus. Based on the original description and examined specimens, F. brachynotus could roughly be classified into two types: the macropterous form (Fig. 2) and the brachypterous form (Fig. 3). The latter differs from the former mainly by: 1) clearly shortened hind pronotal process and hind wings; and 2) relatively short antennae (5���5.5 mm, shorter than 6.5���7.3 mm of the macropterous form). Flatocerus brachynotus was described from many specimens and differences between its macropterous and brachypterous forms are distinct. The epithet ��� brachynotus ��� explains the shortened pronotum of the brachypterous form. Taking these facts into account and the same locality of the collection (Yunnan), in order not to create taxonomic confusion, we accept the view of Liang et al. (2008) who treated the macropterous and brachypterous forms as a single species. Phaesticus mellerborgi, P. carinatus, F. brachynotus, and P. uvarovi are morphologically very similar; their morphological differences include: 1) vertex slightly narrower, equal to, or slightly wider than eye (0.9���1.1 times, in females generally slightly wider than in males); 2) prozonal carinae and interhumeral carinae invisible, barely visible, or visible; 3) hind pronotal process elongated or shortened (varies from nearly reaching knees of hind femora to reaching the middle of hind tibiae, and in males generally longer than in females); 4) hind wings accordingly longer or shorter than the elongated or shortened hind process, respectively (reaching before or after the apex of hind pronotal process, respectively, and in males generally longer than in females); and 5) ventral margins of fore and mid femora straight or weakly undulated. In contrast, differences among these allied species are mainly related to the lengths of both hind pronotal process and hind wings (Table 1). Geographically, P. mellerborgi, P. carinatus, and F. brachynotus have one shared locality (Yunnan, PR China), and P. uvarovi was recorded in Thailand, which is close to Yunnan. For these reasons, we combine these allied species into one species. Phaesticus azemii was described only based on one male specimen from West Malaysia (Selangor), and the authors also recorded P. insularis at the same locality (Mahmood et al., 2007). According to the original description and drawing, the type specimen of P. azemii is actually a nymph. Skejo (2017) clarified that the records from West Malaysia are all P. mellerborgi, and he considered P. azemii as a synonym of P. mellerborgi; this suggestion was followed in the present study. In his report, the author determined all other records of P. insularis (Java, Sumatra and Malay Peninsula up to south of Thailand) as P. mellerborgi. Phaesticus insularis is very similar to P. mellerborgi, as well. Hancock (1907) introduced the species to separate it from P. mellerborgi only by its more compressed antennae and narrower longitudinal furrow of the facial frontal costa, based on three females from northwestern Kalimantan (= Borneo), and Cigliano et al. (2021) provided online pictures of the specimens (syntypes). For comparison, the two morphological differences are both present within individuals of P. mellerborgi (e.g., Figs. 2 and 3), so it is not logical to separate them into two different species. To avoid unnecessary taxonomic confusion, we synonymized P. insularis with P. mellerborgi. Geographically, P. mellerborgi should have a wide distribution in Kalimantan (Fig. 1); for example, G��nther (1938) also recorded this species in the central part of the island. Distribution (Fig. 1). Java, Sumatra, Kalimantan, Singapore, West Malaysia, Thailand, India (Assam, Mizoram), and PR China (Yunnan) (Skejo, 2017; the present study). Skejo (2017) summarized some information of Phaesticus (nymphs) from India (Assam, Mizoram). These nymphs are similar to P. mellerborgi (= P. azemii syn. nov.; Mahmood et al., 2007) and P. moniliantennatus (Fig. 4, h). We tentatively identified them as the former., Published as part of Zha, Ling-Sheng, Skejo, Josip, Mao, Ben-Yong & Ding, Jian-Hua, 2021, Taxonomic revision of Phaesticus Uvarov and synonymy with Flatocerus Liang & Zheng syn. nov. (Orthoptera: Tetrigidae), pp. 501-514 in Zootaxa 4965 (3) on pages 504-505, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4965.3.5, http://zenodo.org/record/4754258, {"references":["Stal, C. (1855) Nya Orthoptera. Ofversigt af Kongliga Vetenskaps-Akademiens Forhandlingar, 12, 348 - 353.","Hancock, J. L. (1907) Orthoptera, Fam. Acridiidae, Subfam. Tetriginae. In: Wytsman, P. (Ed.), Genera Insectorum, 48, pp. 1 - 79.","Willemse, C. (1928) Spolia Mentawiensia: Acrididae (Orthoptera). Journal of the Malayan Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society, 6 (1), 1 - 12.","Gunther, K. (1938) Revision der Acrydiinae, I, Sectiones Tripetalocerae, Discotettigiae, Lophotettigiae, Cleostratae, Bufonidae, Cladonotae, Scelimenae verae. Mitteilungen aus dem Zoologischen Museum in Berlin, 23 (2), 299 - 437.","Zheng, Z. M. (1998) A study of Tetrigoidea from Xishuangbanna (Orthoptera). Acta Zootaxonomica Sinica, 23 (2), 161 - 180. [in Chinese]","Liang, G. Q., Chen, Y. Q. & Chen, Y. L. (2008) A new species of the genus Flatocerus (Orthoptera: Discotettigidae) from Yunnan, China. Acta Zootaxonomica Sinica, 33 (1), 138 - 140. [in Chinese]","Storozhenko, S. Yu. & Dawwrueng, P. (2015) New and little-known pygmy grasshoppers (Orthoptera: Tetrigidae) from Thailand. Zootaxa, 4052 (5), 527 - 554. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4052.5.2","Mahmood, K., Idris, A. B. & Salmah. Y. (2007) Tetrigidae (Orthoptera: Tetrigoidea) from Malaysia with the description of six new species, Acta Entomologica Sinica, 50 (12), 1272 - 1284.","Skejo, J. (2017) Taxonomic revision of the pygmy devils (Tetrigidae: Discotettiginae) with online social media as a new tool for discovering hidden diversity. Master Dissertation, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, 235 pp.","Cigliano, M. M., Braun, H., Eades, D. C. & Otte, D. (2021) Orthoptera Species File. Version 5.0 / 5.0. Available from: http: // Orthoptera. SpeciesFile. org (accessed 10 January 2021)"]}

Phaesticus hainanensis (Liang, 1988) comb. nov. Fig. 5 (Flatocerus hainanensis Liang, 1988) Nomenclatural comment. Orthoptera species file (Cigliano et al. 2021) cites ���Liang & Zheng��� as the authors of the species. However, only Liang authored the description of P. hainanensis comb. nov. (Liang, 1988). Material examined. Two males and two females, PR China: Hainan, Wuzhishan (Wuzhishan Mountain), 18��52���32.3������N, 109��40���3.6������E, 640 m, 16 September 2018, collected by Ling-Sheng Zha. Description. Male. General appearance. Body slender and tapered, size small, brown to dark brown, surface smooth, but covered with numerous fine granules. Antennae dark brown, but the basal part of the 7 th and most part of the 10 th and 11 th segments yellow; hind wings black; surfaces of pronotum (especially between sulci) and all femora often maculated with yellowish brown and obscure spots; ventral external area of hind femur black, spots on tibiae inconspicuous. Head. Vertex and occiput clearly separated by a ridge (posterior margin of fossulae). Vertex extremely short, only restricted between anterior and posterior margins of fossulae which are shallow but conspicuous; anterior margin low and narrowest, nearly straight, 1.5 times as wide as one eye, and reaching the middle of inner margins of eyes in dorsal view; medial carina extending to the occiput but very indistinct, lateral carinae also indistinct. In lateral view, face obtusely angled forwards, vertex and upper part of the face (above antennal sockets) nearly at the same slope (in P. mellerborgi and P. moniliantennatus, medial carina and frontal costa distinct and forming an obtuse angle); frontal costa indistinct, facial carinae between antennal grooves strongly arcuate forwards. In frontal view, facial carinae diverge above lateral ocelli (at the middle of the inner margins of eyes), then parallel downwards; longitudinal furrow deep, nearly as wide as the diameter of antennal scapus. Antennae inserted slightly below lower margin of the eyes (upper margin of antennal sockets and the lower margin of eyes nearly at the same level), 13-segmented (or 14-segmented, because the 3 rd segment is usually separated into two short segments), 9 th segment widest and about 3.7 times as long as it is wide; segments from 3 rd to 6 th gradually slightly broadened and flattened, from 7 th to 10 th (long and elliptical) considerably broadened and flattened, the 11 th slightly flattened, and the last two very short and not flattened. Eyes exserted, almost as high as the top of vertex and the anterior margin of pronotum, in lateral view globose, in dorsal view with angled inner margins; in frontal view ovate, with nearly straight inner margins that are a little contracted upwards. Superior ocelli situated at the lower quarter of the inner margins of eyes. Pronotum. Pronotum clearly roof-like before shoulders, and less roof-like behind shoulders; anterior margin broadly arcuate forwards from dorsal view, behind shoulders slightly depressed on both sides of median carina; median carina distinct, erect, and entire, in lateral view low arcuate before shoulders and straight behind shoulders. Prozonal carinae visible, short, and strongly contracted backwards; humeral angles broadly arcuate; hind process tapered, reaches variably from base to 2/3 of hind tibiae, apex truncated; posterior angel of lateral lobe extending obliquely, downwards, and backwards, apex truncated; ventral and tegminal sinuses presented. Wings. Visible part of tegmen long, ovate, and distinctly narrower than mid femur; hind wings very developed, more or less surpassing the apex of hind pronotal process (1���1.8 mm). Legs. Dorsal and ventral margins of fore and mid femora straight and finely serrated; hind femur approximately 2.7 times as long as it is wide, dorsal and ventral margins finely serrated, and serrations on the posterior part of dorsal margin conspicuous; antegenicular tooth relatively low and apex acutely angled, genicular tooth acute; outer/ inner side of hind tibia with 6/6���8 spines; first segment of hind tarsus slightly shorter than the third; three pulvilli nearly equal in length and with obtuse apices. Abdomen. Subgenital plate short cone-shaped, apex bifurcate and forms two short and tapered teeth. Females and the differences from males. Body size slightly larger than that of male. Hind pronotal process shortened, only reaches the apices of hind femora; hind wings slightly surpass the apex of hind process (about 0.5 mm). Ovipositor long and narrow, about four times as long as it is wide, dorsal margin of upper valve and ventral margin of lower valve armed with saw-like teeth. Posterior margin of subgenital plate nearly truncated, with an acutely triangular protrusion in the middle, which is slightly folded inwards. Other characters same as those in male. Measurements (in mm). Length of body: male 8.7���10.0, female 11.0���12.0; length of pronotum: male 9.9���12.0, female 9.0���10.0; length of hind femur: male 5.4���5.9, female 5.6���6.0; width of pronotum between humeral angles: male 3.0���3.1, female 3.1���3.2; length of antennae: male and female 6 mm. Distribution (Fig. 1). PR China (Hainan). Ecology and habits. Individuals of P. hainanensis (Liang, 1988) comb. nov. were collected and observed in a bamboo forest (Fig. 6 c, d) and on the edge of roads in humid tropical rainforests. They dwell on layers of fallen leaves or among sparse shrubs, and are able to quickly jump into dense shrubs when disturbed. They mainly feed on humus. Notes. Phaesticus hainanensis (Liang, 1988) comb. nov. was described only based on one female specimen from Hainan (Liang, 1988; Liang & Zheng, 1998). We redescribed the species because 1) lengths of hind pronotal process and hind wings vary among individuals, and 2) some important characters were previously inaccurately described. According to the original description and our specimens, anterior margin of its pronotum is ���broadly arcuate���, which was imprecisely recorded as ���nearly straight��� in some Flatocerus species keys (Liang et al., 2008; Zheng et al., 2011a, b; Deng, 2016). Besides, the antennae of Phaesticus are all 13-segmented (or 14-segmented due to the third segment being separated into two short segments), instead of 12-segmented, which was commonly recorded in generic characteristics and related species descriptions (Liang & Zheng, 1984, 1998; Liang, 1988; Zheng, 2005; Deng, 2016)., Published as part of Zha, Ling-Sheng, Skejo, Josip, Mao, Ben-Yong & Ding, Jian-Hua, 2021, Taxonomic revision of Phaesticus Uvarov and synonymy with Flatocerus Liang & Zheng syn. nov. (Orthoptera: Tetrigidae), pp. 501-514 in Zootaxa 4965 (3) on pages 509-511, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4965.3.5, http://zenodo.org/record/4754258, {"references":["Liang, G. Q. (1988) A new species of the genus Flatocerus from Hainan Island (Orthoptera: Tetrigidae). Acta Zootaxonomica Sinica, 13 (1), 65 - 66. [in Chinese]","Cigliano, M. M., Braun, H., Eades, D. C. & Otte, D. (2021) Orthoptera Species File. Version 5.0 / 5.0. Available from: http: // Orthoptera. SpeciesFile. org (accessed 10 January 2021)","Liang, G. Q & Zheng, Z. M. (1998) Fauna Sinica, Insecta. Vol. 12, Orthoptera, Tetrigoidea. Science Press, Beijing, 278 pp.","Liang, G. Q., Chen, Y. Q. & Chen, Y. L. (2008) A new species of the genus Flatocerus (Orthoptera: Discotettigidae) from Yunnan, China. Acta Zootaxonomica Sinica, 33 (1), 138 - 140. [in Chinese]","Zheng, Z. M., Bai, Y. & Xu, S. Q. (2011 a) A new species of the genus Flatocerus Liang et Zheng from Guangdong in China (Orthoptera, Tetrigoidea, Discotettigidae). Acta Zootaxonomica Sinica, 36 (3), 536 - 538.","Deng, W. A. (2016) Taxonomic study of Tetrigoidea from China. Doctor Dissertation, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 339 pp.","Liang, G. Q. & Zheng, Z. M. (1984) A new genus and a new species of Tetrigidae from Guangdong Province (Orthoptera: Tetrigidae). Acta Entomologica Sinica, 27 (4), 430 - 432. [in Chinese]","Zheng, Z. M. (2005) Fauna of Tetrigoidea from Western China. Science Press, Beijing, 501 pp. [in Chinese]"]}