Search

[Display omitted] • MicroRNA expression profile of plasma exosomes from bulbar-onset ALS patients. • 52 miRNAs were upregulated in the ALS population by Small RNA sequencing. • miR-23a-3p was increased in bulbar-onset ALS patients. • The dysregulation of miR-23a-3p influenced cells survival. Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a neurodegenerative disease related to the progressive death of motor neurons. Understanding the pathogenesis of ALS continues to provide considerable challenges. Bulbar-onset ALS involves faster functional loss and shorter survival time than spinal cord-onset ALS. However, debate is ongoing regarding typical plasma miRNA changes in ALS patients with bulbar onset. Exosomal miRNAs have not yet been described as a tool for bulbar-onset ALS diagnosis or prognosis prediction. In this study, candidate exosomal miRNAs were identified by small RNA sequencing using samples from patients with bulbar-onset ALS and healthy controls. Potential pathogenic mechanisms were identified through enrichment analysis of target genes for differential miRNAs. Expression of miR-16-5p, miR-23a-3p, miR-22-3p, and miR-93-5p was significantly up-regulated in plasma exosomes from bulbar-onset ALS patients compared with healthy control subjects. Among them, miR-16-5p and miR-23a-3p were significantly lower in spinal-onset ALS patients than those with bulbar-onset. Furthermore, up-regulation of miR-23a-3p in motor neuron-like NSC-34 cells promoted apoptosis and inhibited cell viability. This miRNA was found to directly target ERBB4 and regulate the AKT/GSK3β pathway. Collectively, the above miRNAs and their targets are related to the development of bulbar-onset ALS. Our research indicates that miR-23a-3p might have an effect on motor neuron loss observed in bulbar-onset ALS and may be a novel target for the therapy of ALS in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A palladium(II) hydride complex supported by a benzene-based PNCNP pincer ligand, [2,6-(tBu2PNH)2C6H3]PdH (1), has been synthesized via two different routes: the reaction of the corresponding chloride complex with LiAlH4 and the reaction of the corresponding nitrate complex with KOCH3. Complex 1 exhibits strong deprotonating ability and versatile catalytic activity. Acetamide can be readily deprotonated by complex 1 to form the corresponding acetamido complex, [2,6-(tBu2PNH)2C6H3]PdNHC(O)CH3, in high yield. Complex 1 is an active catalyst for both the dehydrogenation of methanol to formaldehyde under mild conditions and direct hydration of nitriles to primary amides. Particularly, the direct hydration of nitriles to primary amides catalysed by complex 1 represents the most efficient palladium catalytic system for this type of reaction. A wide range of nitriles have been successfully hydrated to primary amides with 100% selectivity and good to excellent isolated yields. The possible reaction mechanisms are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Epilepsy and migraine are among the most prevalent neurological disorders. By being comorbid, the presence of one disorder increases the likelihood of the other. Although several similar clinical features of epilepsy and migraine have been observed as early as the 19th century, only in recent years have researchers engaged in finding a common pathogenic mechanism between them. In this study, the epilepsy–migraine comorbidity rat model was generated, and the pathophysiological basis of epilepsy–migraine comorbidity was examined. Male rats were divided into four groups: control, migraine, epilepsy, epilepsy–migraine comorbidity. After establishing the models, the amount of scratching and the pain threshold of the rats were observed. Western blot and immunofluorescence staining were used to detect the protein expression levels of TLR4 and GABAARα1 in the temporal cortex, hippocampus, trigeminal ganglion, and medullary dorsal horn. Subsequently, co-immunoprecipitation of GABAARα1 and TLR4 was performed. Then, the rats were divided into three groups: comorbidity, comorbidity + TAK-242, and comorbidity + muscimol. After drug intervention, the seizure latency, seizure level, amount of scratching, and pain threshold were observed. Western blot was used to detect the protein expression levels of TLR4 and GABAARα1 in the temporal cortex, hippocampus, trigeminal ganglion, and medullary dorsal horn. Our results demonstrate that the seizure attacks in comorbidity and epilepsy groups performed severely, and the comorbidity and migraine groups displayed a remarkable increase in the amount of head-scratching and a noticeable decrease in the facial mechanical withdrawal threshold. Further analysis revealed considerably increased Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), associated with reduced γ-aminobutyric acid type A receptor α1 (GABAARα1) and microglia enhanced in the epilepsy–migraine comorbidity rat. Additionally, co-immunoprecipitation proved GABAARα1 binding TLR4. Following muscimol to activate GABAARα1, seizure attacks and migraine-like behavior were rescued. GABAARα1 level increment was accompanied by the decline of TLR4, while TAK-242, the inhibitor of TLR4, only decreased TLR4 without affecting GABAARα1 expression. It also ameliorated the migraine-like behavior with no impact on seizure activity. We propose that GABAARα1 binding and negatively regulating TLR4 contribute to epilepsy–migraine comorbidity; TLR4 is a critical intermediate link in epilepsy–migraine comorbidity; immune-induced neuroinflammation in microglia may be involved in migraine and epilepsy–migraine comorbidity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The coordination mode of the BH4− ligand in transition metal tetrahydroborate complexes is mainly dominated by the nature of the metal centres. However, other factors can also play important roles sometimes. In order to rationalize the coordination modes and the stability of the BH4− ligand in group 10 metal tetrahydroborate pincer complexes, [2,6-(tBu2PO)2C6H3]Pt(η1-HBH3) and [C6H4-o-(NCH2PtBu2)2B]M(η2-H2BH2) (M = Ni, Pt) were prepared and characterized. A structural comparison of [2,6-(tBu2PCH2)2C6H3]Ni(BH4), [2,6-(tBu2PO)2C6H3]M(BH4) and [C6H4-o-(NCH2PtBu2)2B]M(BH4) (M = Ni, Pd, and Pt) indicates that the M–P bond length, the P–M–P bite angle and the trans-influence of the central atom in the pincer platform also affect the coordination mode of the BH4− ligand. The nickel complexes tend to adopt a monodentate coordination mode while the palladium and platinum complexes can adopt either the monodentate or the bidentate mode depending on the structural features of the pincer platforms. Longer M–P bonds and smaller P–M–P bite angles favour the bidentate mode. The stability of the BH4− ligand is influenced by both the coordination mode and the nature of the metal centre. The BH3 species is released more easily from complexes with less electron rich metal centres. Following the series of Ni, Pd, and Pt, complexes with the same pincer ligand more easily lose a BH3 moiety. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Here we report the efficient synthesis of a series of 1,3-dioxane derivatives from aromatic alkynes, paraformaldehyde, and a Lewis acid catalyzed reaction at room temperature. This reaction is metal-free and atom-economic. Single crystals of two typical 1,3-dioxane derivatives are obtained. A mechanism that the reaction proceeds through a six- or eight-membered ring intermediate is proposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The ageing characteristic of XLPE insulation of operating a 110 kV power cable with different service time is studied in this paper. The microscopic morphology of XLPE films from different cables were characterized by using Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), X-ray Diffraction method (XRD), and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) methods, and the dielectric, mechanical, and electrical properties of XLPE were also measured. The relationship of several typical property parameters with the cable service time were established, and the ageing mechanism of XLPE insulation of the operating cable was also analyzed. It was found that XLPE insulation would endure a recrystallization process in the initial operation stage during which the microscopic morphology would become more perfect with higher crystallinity and denser crystal structure. Then, the thermal oxidation would dominate the ageing process of XLPE with the molecular chains broken and more micromolecular products generated after the cable had operated for more than 10–15 years. The AC breakdown strength decreases with the increase of cable service time, with lower decreasing rate in the initial operation stage and a larger rate after 10–15 years. The Pearson correlation coefficient between the cable service time with the characteristic parameters were calculated, and some of them were found to be effective to be used as indicators for operation state detection of operating power cables. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A series of linear sandwich single-ion magnets containing [Er(COT)]+ fragment were selected to probe the magneto-structural correlations using ab initio methods. For prolate shaped ErIII ion, an equatorially coordinating geometry is preferable to achieve high axial anisotropy. Our calculations confirm that the increasing transversal crystal field (CF) induced by equatorial ligands truly enhances the energy barrier. However, if we continue to strengthen the transversal CF in the equatorial plane, the energy barrier inversely decreases. Our further results show that a medium ligand ring of benzene is preferable for prolate shaped ErIII ion, which can induce the modest energy splitting and the small temperature-assisted quantum tunneling of magnetization. Although the obtained energy barrier of 343.1 cm−1 for our created model [(C6H6)Er(COT)]+ is the largest, it is also much smaller than the DyIII-based compounds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The end-to-end learning approaches possess the advantages of high efficiency, rapidity and superior solving precision for combinatorial optimization problems, while exploring generalization to instances different from training scale is an open question. In this paper, we focus on the knapsack problem (KP) and employ an end-to-end data-driven approach based on attention model incorporated with different forms of baseline of policy gradient algorithm to solve KP. We first investigate the generalization performance of the proposed approach for KP on various problem scales with different capacities. The experimental results show that the end-to-end model possesses certain learning and generalization abilities to discover the intrinsic characteristics between instances, then guides to solve other instances of different scales. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Due to the growing trend of social manufacturing, product design has focused on meeting the emotional needs of users. As a product attribute, color plays an important role in meeting these needs. Therefore, product color emotional design has attracted the attention of researchers. However, a user's perception of the emotional image of product color is highly complex, and it is difficult to define this perception accurately. To this end, based on the theoretical framework of Kansei engineering, this study proposes a product color emotional design method based on a convolutional neural network and a search neural network. First, we implement a semantic differential experiment to ascertain the user's color image. Then we use a convolutional neural network to establish a complex association model between the product color and the user's emotional imagery. Based on this model, the search neural network is used to search and generate the product color design scheme that meets the target image. Finally, a product color design system applicable to practical design problems is developed. An example of the design of a home service robot demonstrates that the proposed method and system provides accurate product color design solutions that meet the needs of the user's emotional image and can be used to develop practical large‐scale applications of product color emotional design theory and methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It is the key to accurately obtain participants' emotional responses to product color for the product color emotional design. However, traditional research rarely studies participant's internal emotion cognition and changing mechanism. In this article, a color emotional design method based on eye movements and event‐related potentials is proposed. Participative behavior experiment, eye movement, and event‐related potentials were carried out. Participants evaluated the electric iron pictures with different color layout and color number to obtain participants' participative feelings before eye movement and ERPs experiment. The results showed that three‐color samples were more popular than two‐color samples, and the participants' emotions were more positive when the color blocks were evenly distributed. The larger the pupil diameter in the eye movement data, the more positive the participants felt. Participants responded quickly to positive and negative stimuli when shown the two‐color samples, and the average amplitude of the early components P1 and N2 exhibited significant changes. For the three‐color samples, the average amplitude changes of positive and neutral states of participants mainly occurred in N2 and P3 components. However, there were no significant changes in the negative state. The combination of participative and objective methods is expected to offer an important basis for the research of color emotional design method based on color layout and color number, and to provide reliable indicators for the future analysis of physiological data and product color evaluation models. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The radiation response of HfO2 films on a silicon substrate under gamma rays is studied in this article. HfO2 films with the thickness of 12.8 and 4.3 nm are prepared on a p-type silicon substrate by using the atomic layer deposition method, and the HfO2/Si MOS structure is irradiated under gamma rays with the total dose of 1.2/2.5/4 Mrad. The generation, transportation, and trapping characteristics of radiation induced charges are studied by using electronic, physical, and chemical methods. First, radiation induced oxide and interface trapped charge densities are found to be up to 1012 cm−2, and oxygen vacancies in HfO2 and Hf–Si metallic bonds at the HfO2/Si interface are dominant defects in the HfO2/Si system. Second, the leakage current through HfO2 increases with the increase in the radiation total dose and the crystallinity also increases after a large total dose of irradiation. Third, the valence band offset between HfO2 and Si is found to decrease slightly after irradiation. From the results, we can see that HfO2 is radiation resistant from the aspect of charge trapping even under a very large total dose of radiation, but the radiation induced leakage current and crystal structure change in the HfO2 film cannot be ignored. This provides a reference for microelectronic devices working in the space environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Adopting the theme network crawler technology and natural language processing technology to deeply excavate product color emotion information from fragmented data, while using the RotatE knowledge graph to realize the transition from the color scheme as a whole to the color individual, and touching the sensitive and fine-grained user's emotional needs from the color root, and then completing the integration of the fragmented fuzzy front-end. • A product color-emotion association model based on a RotatE knowledge graph is proposed, which effectively handles product color synergistic relationship by using RotatE rotational characteristics and realizes the in-depth fusion of product color-emotion knowledge, and meanwhile the construction of a 3D Knowledge Graph also solves the problem of color emotion knowledge representation. • The PageRank algorithm is employed to calculate the contribution weights of primary and auxiliary colors. Moreover, the product color synergy value is calculated, the simulation of the product color synergy mechanism is realized, and accurately output the product color emotion design that meets the user's emotional needs. Thus, the efficiency of the product color design greatly improves, and the problem of color emotion knowledge conversion ambiguity is solved. To address the problem of fragmentation, integration difficulties in fuzzy front-end information, and ambiguity in color emotion knowledge representation and conversion within the current product color emotion design stage, this paper proposes a method based on 3D Knowledge Graph. The proposed approach aims to integrate product color emotion design into the "data knowledge + artificial intelligence" growth model, facilitating a beneficial knowledge output cycle driven by data. As for the proposed approach, it divides the design problem into three stages: in the first one, big data web crawler technology and natural language processing were employed to extract knowledge related to product color emotion design. In the second phase, the construction of a product color emotion imagery association model using the RotatE knowledge graph, thereby achieving knowledge fusion of product color emotion design, and all accumulated knowledge data is integrated into a 3D Knowledge Graph for visualization. Finally, in the third phase, the PageRank algorithm is applied to calculate primary and auxiliary color weight parameters, simulating the product color synergy mechanism and determining the color synergy effects. Then, realize the knowledge generation of product color emotional design. This approach combines the human visual experience feedback with extensive big data analysis, and accurately outputs the product color emotion design scheme that meets the user's emotional needs. Moreover, the effectiveness and applicability of the method are verified by an illustrative example involving modern machine tool. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Constructed the correlation between user feature label and user emotion, and realized the judgment of user emotions by inputting feature labels. • Constructed the correlation between user emotion and product color, and used deep learning to complete the automatic generation of product color scheme. • Realized one-stop conversion from user feature label to product color, avoiding the result error caused by unclear information of user's own emotion. • Avoid the problem of incomplete expression of emotions in the generated results by mining potential user emotions. Current research in Product Color Emotional Design (PCED) often encounters limitations due to the ambiguity in users' emotional information expression, potentially compromising the effectiveness of the design scheme. This paper presents a novel PCED methodology that integrates dynamic field theory with deep learning, thus enabling one-stop generation from user feature labels to product color. Consequently, a product color design system is established, capable of generating color design schemes that align with users' emotional needs by solely incorporating user feature labels. This approach mitigates potential inaccuracies in generation results that could stem from users' direct expression of emotional information. The validity and applicability of the proposed method are demonstrated through a case study focusing on the color emotion design of an electric motorcycle. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To explore the influences of magnetic interactions on the relaxation dynamics of single-molecule magnets (SMMs) and to understand the relationship between single-ion relaxation and the relaxation of a molecular entity, it is very important to design dinuclear lanthanide-based SMMs with two-step relaxation processes. Here, three Dy2 complexes of compositions [Dy2(L)2(NO3)2(MeOH)2] (1), [Dy2(L)2(NO3)2(EtOH)2] (2), and [Dy2(L)2(NO3)2(DMF)2]·0.5EtOH (3) (H2L = 2-(((2-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzyl)imino)methyl)-4-methoxyphenol) were successfully synthesized via elaborately introducing different terminal solvent ligands. X-ray single-crystal diffraction analyses revealed that complexes 1–3 are isostructural. The two DyIII ions of 1 and 2 both adopt D2d symmetry, while the two DyIII centres of 3 display D2d and D4d symmetries, respectively. The magnetic property studies of 1–3 indicated that all three complexes exhibit single-molecule magnet (SMM) behaviours with energy barriers of 104 K for 1, 98.94 K for 2, and 76.28 K and 45.54 K for 3 under zero dc field. The target of assembling Dy2 SMMs with two-step relaxation processes was achieved by gradually increasing the sizes of the terminal solvent ligands. Complex 3 exhibits two-step relaxation processes. Complete active space self-consistent field (CASSCF) calculations were performed on 1–3 to rationalize the observed differences in the magnetic behaviour. It is found that both the angles between the magnetic axis and the vector connecting two DyIII ions and the symmetries of DyIII ions are vital factors that affect the energy barriers of 1–3. The high local symmetries of the central metals in 1 and 2 make the complexes act as SMMs with higher energy barriers, while the smaller angle and different symmetries of the two DyIII ions render complex 3 as a SMM with a two-step relaxation process. This work demonstrates a new methodology for preparing SMMs with two-step relaxation processes by fine-tuning the terminal solvent ligands. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The utilization of two Schiff-base ligands H2L1 and H2L2 (H2L1 = 4-chloro-2-(((3-ethoxy-2-hydroxybenzyl)imino)methyl) phenol, H2L2 = 2-(((3-ethoxy-2-hydroxybenzyl)imino)methyl)-4-methoxy-phenol) with different substituents at the backbone of phenol in the construction of dinuclear dysprosium single-molecule magnets (SMMs) is reported. Two complexes of formulae [Dy2(L1)2(NO3)2(EtOH)(DMF)]·2EtOH (1) and [Dy2(L2)2(NO3)2(MeOH)2] (2) have been prepared and structurally characterized. X-ray crystallographic analysis revealed that the four DyIII ions of 1 and 2 all adopt NO7 coordination environments. The two DyIII centers of 1 exhibit triangular dodecahedron (D2d) and square antiprism (D4d) geometries, respectively, while the two DyIII sites in 2 both show triangular dodecahedron geometry with D2d symmetry. Magnetic analyses indicated that both complexes display SMM behavior with energy barriers of 86.91 K (1) and 93.70 K (2), respectively. The slight enhancement of the energy barrier of 2 reveals that the coordination geometries of DyIII ions would affect the magnetic behaviors of 1 and 2. Complete Active Space Self-Consistent Field (CASSCF) calculations were conducted for 1 and 2 to illustrate the slight variation of the magnetic behaviors. The calculated results are well consistent with those of the experimental outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two five-coordinate mononuclear Co(II) complexes [Co(12-TMC)X][B(C6H5)4] (L = 1,4,7,10-tetramethyl-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane (12-TMC), X = Cl− (1), Br− (2)) have been studied by X-ray single crystallography, magnetic measurements, high-frequency and -field EPR (HF-EPR) spectroscopy and theoretical calculations. Both complexes have a distorted square pyramidal geometry with the Co(II) ion lying above the basal plane constrained by the rigid tetradentate macrocyclic ligand. In contrast to the reported five-coordinate Co(II) complex [Co(12-TMC)(NCO)][B(C6H5)4] (3) exhibiting easy-axis anisotropy, an easy-plane magnetic anisotropy was found for 1 and 2via the analyses of the direct-current magnetic data and HF-EPR spectroscopy. Frequency- and temperature-dependent alternating-current magnetic susceptibility measurements demonstrated that complexes 1 and 2 show slow magnetic relaxation at an applied dc field. Ab initio calculations were performed to reveal the impact of the terminal ligands on the nature of the magnetic anisotropies of this series of five-coordinate Co(II) complexes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Complete active space self-consistent field (CASSCF) combined with restricted active space spin interaction with spin–orbit coupling (RASSI-SO) was used to probe why single-ion magnets (SIMs) composed of the "prolate" lanthanide ion ErIII cannot possess huge energy barriers. According to the proposal by Long et al., equatorially coordinated ligand environments are preferable for "prolate" lanthanide ions to have large energy barriers. However, our calculations show that the larger gx,y values in the first excited Kramers' doublets (KDs) induced by the surrounding equatorially coordinated ligands lead to their larger transversal magnetic moments which result in fast quantum tunneling of magnetizations (QTMs) in their first excited states. Therefore, the spin-phonon transitions can only proceed from the ground to the first excited KDs for our studied three compounds and all models. However, the effective energy barriers Ueff of the three compounds are smaller than the calculated energy gaps between the lowest two KDs due to their more flexible molecular structures. For the above reason, the energy barriers did not increase continuously as we expected when we decreased the Er–L bond lengths. We deduced that mononuclear ErIII compounds cannot easily possess huge energy barriers through enhancing the surrounding equatorially coordinated ligand field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

When users select products, they consider the emotional experience resulting from the color of the product. However, the emotional demands of users for product color are multidimensional and diverse. It is very important yet difficult to accurately grasp multiemotional image requirements and effectively convert them into design elements. Therefore, multiemotional product color design (MEPCD) has become a very important and challenging research topic. In this article, a novel MEPCD system using gray theory (GT) and nondominated sorting genetic algorithm‐III (NSGA‐III) is proposed to effectively solve the MEPCD problem. First, the image perception spaces of users, which exist in different emotional dimensions, were collected using factor analysis and the semantic differential technique. Then, GT was used to establish a multidimensional emotional product color image evaluation model. Finally, NSGA‐III was used to optimize and design a multiemotional color scheme for a product. Furthermore, according to actual conditions, an MEPCD system was established based on the proposed method. The design case study shows that the method and design system proposed in this article have a certain range of applicability and can effectively improve the practicality of MEPCD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A dynamic color design model and method are proposed for a class of industrial product color design problems with dynamic changes in the appearance of products and different appearance in different operating modes. These types of industrial products that have a variety of operating modes in the operating cycle are defined as multimodal industrial products (MMIPs). For a single mode, a single-modal industrial product (SMIP) color design model is established by using users' color image requirements as the design goal to transform the dynamic color design problem of products into weighting forms of several single modes and to realize the discretization of continuous problems. Finally, a dynamic color design model of MMIPs is established. A genetic algorithm (GA) is used to optimize this model to obtain the color design scheme that conforms to the users' dynamic image perception. Finally, by means of an example of color design about engineering machinery, this method is demonstrated to be feasible and applicable for dynamic color design optimization of MMIPs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

When a user selects a product, he/she considers the emotional experience induced by the product color. However, when affected by product shape feature, the color image perception space of a user becomes more complex and dynamic. To address this problem, a product color emotional design method adaptive to product shape feature variation is proposed in this article. Based on psychological means, factor analysis and semantic differential methods are used to elucidate the mechanism for the formation of a color image perception space of a user influenced by product shape feature. Using support vector regression, a product color image evaluation model adaptive to product shape feature variation is constructed, and is then optimized via a genetic algorithm. A corresponding design system is constructed based on the method proposed in this article. A case study involving the design of a thermos for children is presented to demonstrate the operational procedure involved in the proposed method and to verify its performance. The results of the verification experiments confirm that the design scheme from system recommendation essentially meets the anticipated image target and assists the designer effectively. The method and system proposed in this study can generate a product color design scheme, which is unconstrained by shape feature and can satisfy user emotional preferences and needs, and have a certain applicability and practicability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• A method for PCED based on the quantification of electroencephalogram (EEG) physiological indicators is proposed. • To quantify the correlation between product color attributes and user emotion through objective data. • Erps components can reflect the emotional attribute of product color. The accurate quantification of the correlation between product color attributes and user emotions is the key to product color emotional design (PCED). However, the traditional method of emotion quantification is subjective, one-sided, and contingent, which reduces the reliability of the research results. To this end, this paper proposes a method for PCED based on the quantification of electroencephalogram (EEG) physiological indicators. A medical product, namely an infant incubator, is used as the experimental stimulus samples, and "unsafe-safe" is used as the perceptual imager word pair to conduct EEG measurement experiments of the user's emotional state. Two types of data are obtained in the experiment, namely behavioral data and EEG data. Via the analysis of the two types of data, the EEG physiological characteristic indicators (the event-related potentials (ERPs) components) are obtained, which can explain the user's emotional cognitive mechanism. Finally, the relationship between the user's emotional state and EEG characteristics under the influence of product color attributes is explored. The conclusions are as follows. (1) The "safety" emotional value of the two-color samples is higher than that of the three-color samples, which indicates that the simpler the color matching, the higher the safety emotion attribute of the samples. (2) Via the study of the three attributes of hue, lightness, and chroma in the assistant colors of the two-color samples, it is found that when the hue attributes of the samples are red, cyan, and blue, the safety emotional value is higher; moreover, the higher the lightness attribute and the chroma attribute, the higher the safety emotion. Research on the two color attribute dimensions of hue harmony and color tone harmony between the auxiliary color of the three-color samples and the embellishment color revealed that the more consistent the hue harmony, the higher the safety emotion, and the more significant the difference in the color tone harmony, the higher the safety emotion. (3) The reaction time data in the behavioral data demonstrate that the participants had the longest average reaction time under neutral emotions. (4) The results of the time–frequency analysis of the EEG data reveal that there are apparent mid-to-early ERPs components between 100 and 300 ms after the appearance of the stimulus samples. The ERPs component analysis results show that the P1 component can reflect the emotional valence to a certain extent; the higher the amplitude of the P1 component, the more pronounced the negative emotions of the participants, and the lower the safety emotional evaluation value of the two-color samples, the higher the amplitude of the P1 component. Moreover, the N2 and P3 components can reflect the degree of emotional arousal to a certain extent, and the increase in their amplitude indicates the more substantial emotion of the participant; furthermore, the correlation between N2 and emotional arousal is higher. The two-color and three-color experiments revealed that the more neutral the emotional state, the lower the amplitudes of N2 and P3. This research is expected to provide a theoretical foundation and experimental data basis for PCED methods based on EEG physiological indicators. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The emotional cognition brought by tablet form characteristics (shape, color, size, etc.) to users can affect their choice of tablet, and even can affect their confidence of medicine treatment effect. In order to assist in improving medicine treatment effect, it is necessary to design tablet form that meets the need of users' emotion. This paper proposes an image-based tablet form design method. Firstly, it determines emotional needs of users and decomposes design elements of tablet form. Then, it obtains image perceptual information of users by their subjective evaluation and employs grey prediction model to build the correlation model between design elements and users' perceptual images. Finally it employs particle swarm optimization to optimize design scheme of tablet form. Through the case of children's tablet form design, it was proved that this method is effective and feasible, and could effectively assist in tablet form design. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Emotional experience and demand for product colors are important factors in users' decisions to buy and use a product. Therefore, accurately characterizing users' emotional responses of the product's color has become a significant consideration for product color design. However, a product color design problem exists in which it is challenging to accurately and efficiently position users' color image space because consumers have completely different image perceptions when encountering a large number of color schemes generated by different color spatial distributions. For this reason, this article proposes a product color emotional design method that considers the color layout. A table is built of an elemental composition for product color design, which contains color layout forms. This article also establishes a mapping model based on the semantic difference and back propagation neural network between the users' color image perceptions and the elements of the product's color design. The system recommends a color layout form that matches the users' emotional image goal through the k‐nearest neighbor algorithm, and then the form is initialized using a genetic algorithm. The system can realize the solution to the optimal product color scheme by optimizing and evaluating the population. Designers can make intuitive choices and decisions through the product color recommendation system. Through an example of color design for industrial vacuum cleaners, this article shows that the method has satisfactory feasibility and applicability for solving the problem of the optimization of product color design with color layout forms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Radiation induced oxide and interface trapping characteristics in Al/HfO 2 /Si MOS capacitor under 60Co gamma ray are studied in this article. We discovered positive oxide trapped charge in the HfO 2 /Si system after gamma-irradiation with different total dose. Post-annealing process can reduce the radiation induced trapped charge density in the HfO 2 /Si system, and SiO 2 layer between HfO 2 and Si can greatly reduce the interface trapped charge density. Moreover, we discovered that oxygen vacancy is the dominant radiation induced defect in bulk HfO 2 , and silicon dangling bond and silicon suboxide are main interface defects related to the radiation induced interface trapping. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

C62H32F4I2N4, triclinic, P1̄ (no. 2), a = 10.201(9) Å, b = 10.897(9) Å, c = 13.499(12) Å, α = 106.740(9)°, β = 98.981(9)°, γ = 115.198(9)°, V = 1231.1(18) Å3, Z = 2, Rgt(F) = 0.0675, wRref(F2) = 0.0645, T = 296(2) K. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Here we report the synthesis of a new kind of expanded calix[4]pyrrole named calix[4]pyrrole[2]phenanthrene 1, containing two phenanthrene subunits in lieu of two of the four acetone bridging elements. This macrocycle exists in a planar structure and four pyrrole units adopt the 1,3-alternate conformation in the solid state. Moreover, host 1 exhibits selective recognition against naphthoflavone as confirmed by 1H NMR, ESI-MS and X-ray analysis experiments. Interestingly, the conformation of 1 changed from a planar to a wing-like conformation after complexation with β-naphthoflavone, and noncovalent interactions played an important role in the formation of the complex. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Have the aid of systematic thought, a variety of design elements are connected to study the relationship between product overall function and user emotion. • Construct the element pedigree of product emotional design system according to PCSD emotional cognition model. • Combined with the ISM, the evaluation model of product emotional design system based on ISM-BN is constructed. • With the ISM-BN evaluation model as the objective function, a genetic algorithm (GA) is used to search for the optimal design scheme. • Taking the design of a handheld camera as an example, the validity of the proposed PED method was verified, which proves its feasibility and practicability in the field of PED. Most current studies of product emotional design (PED) focus on the association of emotion image with a single design feature. However, these studies have ignored the fact that all product features have a combined effect on emotion image, and have also ignored the relationship between the whole and the part. In view of this, starting from the systematicness of design, PED is translated to the solution of the PED system. Moreover, an ISM-BN-GA-based methodology for PED is proposed. First, the sense perception–perceptual cognition–perceptual synthesis–emotional decision (PCSD) cognitive model is developed based on the process of user emotion transmission, based on which a pedigree of the elements in the PED system is constructed. Second, a multilevel hierarchical directed network of the elements in the PED system is established using the interpretation structure model (ISM) system engineering tool, and the network topology is extracted as the network structure of a Bayesian network (BN). Then, the BN is trained via parameter learning, and the evaluation model of the PED system based on the ISM-BN is constructed. Third, with the ISM-BN evaluation model as the objective function, a genetic algorithm (GA) is used to search for the optimal design scheme. Taking the design of a handheld camera as an example, the validity of the proposed method is verified, which proves its feasibility and practicability in the field of PED. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Subjective behavior experiments and objective EEG experiments were used to quantify user's moods. • Color system attributes played a larger role in the process of stimulating changes in the mood state of participants. • The warm color system and identity hue relationship were more in line with participants' aesthetic preferences. • When the mood induced by the stimulus was ambiguous, the participants consumed more cognitive resources. • The fluctuations in mood caused by the color of the product primarily activated the left front encephalic region of users. Color is an important factor affecting users' moods. Exploring the effect of product colors on users' moods is key for improving users' mood experience. Here, Electroencephalogram (EEG) technology was used to study the relationship between users' moods and product colors. Participants evaluated color images of electric hand drills, and the effect of color system and hue relationship was studied. The mood perception states were obtained based on the participants' subjective assessment; the results of time–frequency analysis and event-related potentials (ERPs) based on synchronously collected EEG signals were also obtained. Mood data sets related to product color attributes were obtained through analysis of behavioral data and ERPs data. Results of the behavioral experiment showed that the participants were more sensitive to color system than hue relationship. Warm color systems and identity hue relationships elicited more positive moods; the mood's directions of participants for neutral color systems, similarity and gray color hue relationships were ambiguous, and reaction times were longer. The results of the time–frequency analysis showed that there were obvious ERPs between 100 and 400 ms after stimuli appeared. The results of the ERPs analysis showed that negative stimuli caused significant changes in the amplitude of components N2 and P3, positive stimuli caused it in the amplitude of P3, and neutral stimuli caused it in the amplitude of N400. The results of our study provide accurate quantitative data that can be used to understand the relationship between users' moods and product colors; these data will aid future product color design research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Shengli lignite (SL) was subjected to sequential extraction (SE) with carbon disulfide, benzene, methanol, acetone, and tetrahydrofuran under ultrasonication to afford extracts 1–5, respectively, and the residue (R SE , i.e., residue from SE). The R SE was subjected to sequential thermal dissolution (STD) in benzene, methanol, and acetone in a batch autoclave from 210 to 330 °C to afford soluble portions (SPs) and the residue (R STD , i.e., residue from STD). The total yield of extracts 1–5 is only 2.86%, while the yields of SPs from STD in benzene, methanol, and acetone are 5.69%, 10.15%, and 48.41%, respectively. The SPs from STD in benzene and methanol mainly consist of hydrocarbons and phenols, while ketones are the main compounds detected in the SP from STD in acetone and most of nitrogen-containing organic compounds appear in the SP from STD in acetone. During STD in acetone, acetone conversion to phorone, isophorone, and their derivatives was confirmed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The research of the total dose response of high dielectric-constant hafnium oxide under gamma-ray irradiation is important for the anti-irradiation study of the ultra-deep submicron electronic devices in space application. The response of the HfO2-based Metal Oxide Semiconductor (MOS) structure under various total doses of gamma-ray irradiation is investigated in this article. MOS capacitors which are composed of aluminum electrode, HfO2 gate dielectric on p-type silicon (Al/HfO2/p- Si) are prepared and tested before and after 60Co gamma-ray irradiation to access the irradiation induced damage in HfO2/Si system. The surface morphology is obtained by the use of atomic force microscope(AFM), the chemical and physical characteristics are obtained using X-ray diffractometer (XRD) and X-ray photoelectron spectrometer(XPS), and the charge trapping characteristic of HfO2 film is calculated from the current-voltage(CV) curve by the semiconductor parameter testing. Crystallized HfO2, SiO2 and HfSiO4 are detected from the XRD spectrum and the crystallinity and grain size are found to decrease with the increase of gamma-ray total dose. Oxygen vacancy is found to increase after irradiation and it dominates the oxide charge trapping in the HfO2/Si system. Schottky emission is found to be the charge transport mechanism from the currentvoltage curve at room temperature, and the barrier height of HfO2/Si interface is found to decrease with the increase of irradiation. Irradiation induced defects would lower the HfO2/Si interface barrier height and then give rise to the leakage current, this will consequently lead to the failure of HfO2 film and corresponding MOS structures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, a computer-aided product colour planning system for multi-working modes product was presented according to colour-combination features of the multi-working modes product. This system can help a designer to evaluate and generate the colour-combination schemes of multi-working modes product. A synthesised evaluation method, which is an evaluation principle of the computer-aided product colour planning system, was proposed in this paper to evaluate colour-combination image for the multi-working modes product. Then a mathematical model was developed to generate optimal colour-combination schemes of multi-working modes product based on the proposed evaluation method and difference evolution (DE). DE was employed to search for colour-combination schemes which can most closely meet the required image. The application on a two-coloured hair-drier was provided to demonstrate the effectiveness of the product colour planning method and system, which produce the intended result by using the proposed method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The detection of volatile amines is necessary due to the serious toxicity hazards they pose to human skin, respiratory systems, and nervous systems. However, traditional amines detection methods require bulky equipment, high costs, and complex measurements. Herein, we report a new simple, rapid, convenient, and visual method for the detection of volatile amines based on the gas–solid reactions of tetrachloro-p-benzoquinone (TCBQ) and volatile amines. The gas–solid reactions of TCBQ with a variety of volatile amines showed a visually distinct color in a time-dependent manner. Moreover, TCBQ can be easily fabricated into simple and flexible rapid test strips for detecting and distinguishing n-propylamine from other volatile amines, including ethylamine, n-butyamine, n-pentamine, n-butyamine and dimethylamine, in less than 3 s without any equipment assistance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Since moisture may frequently be present in many solvents, it is important to know the reactivity of a catalyst against water for catalytic reactions. In order to explore the stability and understand the transformation process of diphosphino‐boryl‐based PBP pincer platform, [PdCl{B(NCH2PtBu2)2−o‐C6H4}] (1) was treated with PdCl2, HB(NCH2PPh2)2−o‐C6H4 was reacted with [PdCl2(cod)] (cod=cyclo‐octa‐1,5‐diene) and [Pd2(dba)3] (dba=dibenzylideneacetone), respectively, in the presence of water. Some novel palladium POP complexes, [Pd2Cl2(μ‐Cl){μ‐κ3‐P,O,P−OB(NCH2PtBu2)2−o‐C6H4}] (2 a), [Pd4(μ‐Cl)2(μ‐O)2{μ‐κ3‐P,O,P−OB(NCH2PPh2)2−o‐C6H4}2] (2 b), [Pd2{μ‐κ4‐P,P,P,P−O(B(NCH2PPh2)2−o‐C6H4)2}{μ‐κ2‐P,P−(NHCH2PPh2)2−o‐C6H4}] (3), were obtained. It was found that the PBP pincer backbone can easily be converted into a POP backbone in the presence of water. From the crystal structures of the resultant palladium complexes, possible pincer backbone transformation pathways were discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

C39H34IN, monoclinic, P21/m (no. 11), a = 11.651(2) Å, b = 7.0023(14) Å, c = 18.716(4) Å, β = 97.5°, V = 1513.8(5) Å3, Z = 2, Rgt(F) = 0.0410, wRref(F2) = 0.1056, T = 296(2) K. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

C39H34IN, monoclinic, P21/m (no. 11), a = 11.651(2) Å, b = 7.0023(14) Å, c = 18.716(4) Å, β = 97.5°, V = 1513.8(5) Å3, Z = 2, Rgt(F) = 0.0410, wRref(F2) = 0.1056, T = 296(2) K. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Four mononuclear rare earth complexes, [(dbm)3Ln(dmbipy)] (1-Ln, Ln = Dy, Er) and [(dbm)2Ln(dmobipy)(NO3)] (2-Ln, Ln = Dy, Er) (Hdbm = dibenzoylmethane, dmbipy = 4,4′-dimethyl-2,2′-bipyridine, dmobipy = 4,4′-dimethoxy-2,2′-bipyridine), have been synthesized by tuning the substituents at the 4,4′-positions of 2,2′-bipyridine. It is interesting to note that replacing the substituents of auxiliary ligands from –CH3 to –OCH3 results in a major difference in the molecular formula and geometries. Magnetic measurements show that slow relaxation of the magnetization appears clearly in the absence of a dc field for 1-Dy, while under an applied dc field for the others. Ab initio calculations reveal that the calculated effective gz value for 1-Dy is larger than that for 2-Dy, consistent with the experimental results. In addition, the luminescence properties of the four complexes have been studied, and 2-Dy, 1-Er and 2-Er can exhibit characteristic emissions of DyIII/ErIII ions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Migraine is the second highest cause of disability worldwide, bringing a huge socioeconomic burden. Improving mitochondrial function has promise as an effective treatment strategy for migraine. Szeto-Schiller peptide (SS-31) is a new mitochondria-targeted tetrapeptide molecule that has been shown to suppress the progression of diseases by restoring mitochondrial function, including renal disease, cardiac disease, and neurodegenerative disease. However, whether SS-31 has a therapeutic effect on migraine remains unclear. The aim of this study is to clarify the treatment of SS-31 for headache and its potential mechanisms. Here we used a mouse model induced by repeated dural infusion of inflammatory soup (IS), and examined roles of Sirt3/Pgc-1α positive feedback loop in headache pathogenesis and mitochondrial function. Our results showed that repeated IS infusion impaired mitochondrial function, mitochondrial ultrastructure and mitochondrial homeostasis in the trigeminal nucleus caudalis (TNC). These IS-induced damages in TNC were reversed by SS-31. In addition, IS-induced nociceptive responses were simultaneously alleviated. The effects of SS-31 on mitochondrial function and mitochondrial homeostasis (mainly mitochondrial biogenesis) were attenuated partially by the inhibitor of Sirt3/Pgc-1α. Overexpression of Sirt3/Pgc-1α increased the protein level of each other. These results indicated that SS-31 alleviated nociceptive responses and restored mitochondrial function in an IS-induced headache mouse model via Sirt3/Pgc-1α positive feedback loop. SS-31 has the potential to be an effective drug candidate for headache treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The nature and magnitude of nocebo responses in primary headache disorders are still unknown. To assess the distribution and possible predictors of nocebo responses in primary headache treatments, databases, including PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library were searched from 1988 to December 31, 2020, for parallel‐group, double‐blind, randomized placebo‐controlled trials of pharmacologic treatments of primary headaches. The nocebo responses were calculated using a random effects meta‐analysis model. Subgroup and metaregression analyses were performed to determine the associations of study design and demographic characteristics with nocebo responses. A total of 178 randomized controlled trials that satisfied the inclusion criteria were included. Prophylactic treatments elicited stronger nocebo responses than acute treatments. The majority of nocebo adverse events were mild to moderate in severity, with the nervous and digestive systems being the most commonly affected. There was a strong correlation between the active medication and control groups in terms of adverse events, both quantitatively and qualitatively. Long treatment duration, a high proportion of subjects receiving active medications, multicenter design, North America, high body mass index, women, previous treatment experiences, and a high proportion of patients with migraine headache with aura were all found to be significant positive predictors of nocebo responses, whereas the year of publication was found to be inversely related to them. Nocebo effects should be noticed for their contribution to discontinuation of or lack of adherence to active treatments. Clarifying these nocebo‐related risk factors can aid in their clinical prevention and management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present work aimed to evaluate the release behavior of tetracycline hydrochloride loaded chitosan/poly(lactic acid) (Tet–CS/PLA) antimicrobial nanofibrous membranes fabricated via electrospinning technique. The electrospinning solution was a blend of Tet, CS formic acid solution and PLA chloroform/ethanol solution. The interaction between CS and PLA in CS/PLA nanofibers was confirmed to be hydrogen bond. The incorporation of Tet caused a slight decrease in the diameter of nanofibers with Tet content below 30%. Tet–CS/PLA nanofibrous membrane showed a slight initial burst within the first 4 h before a gradual increase in cumulative release, and the release percentage increased with increasing Tet contents. Tet release ( M t / M ∞ < 0.6) from the medicated nanofibers could be described by Fickian diffusion model and the release profiles showed two sequential stages. Tet–CS/PLA nanofibrous membranes exhibited an effective and sustainable inhabitance on the growth of Staphylococcus aureus , and the antimicrobial activity increased rapidly with increasing Tet contents below 20%. Furthermore, the incorporation of Tet promoted the degradation of nanofibrous membranes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Measuring the visual cognitive experience of product imagery using eye tracking. • Visual cognitive experience was better for the dynamic images than the static image. • Dynamic image presentation times crucial to the users' perception experience. • Presentation time of 9000 ms GIF provided the optimum perceptual experience. • Adjust dynamic image duration according to product image cognitive complexity. This paper discusses the influence of dynamic images and traditional static images on user perception in web interface visualizations of products. First, thirty graduate students in industrial design participated in an eye-tracking experiment, performing visual imagery (VI) tasks of the product images with different presentation formats and durations. The results of eye movement experiment show that the visual cognitive effect was better for the dynamic images than the static image, and the efficiency of visual search was improved. However, the emotional experience of viewing dynamic images was substantially affected by the presentation time. Secondly, there were significant differences in the cognitive level and emotional experience of the users between the dynamic images with different presentation times. The optimal perception experience was observed at a presentation time of 9000 ms, indicating that the subjective responses of the users' questionnaire survey did not represent the actual cognitive needs of the users. This study provides a scientific basis for product designers to achieve an improved browsing experience of their products. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, two typical Chinese lignites, Shengli lignite (SL) and Xiaolongtan lignite (XL), with different geologic ages were firstly thermal dissolved in sub- and supercritical benzene and ethanol, then soluble organic species were analyzed with Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), gas chromatograph/mass spectrometer (GC/MS) and atmospheric solids analysis probe/time of flight mass spectrometer (ASAP/TOF-MS). The soluble organic species yield of XL in benzene is close to that of SL in the temperature investigated, whereas the soluble organic species yield of XL in ethanol is obviously higher than that of SL at high temperature region. Obvious difference exists in the molecular composition of the soluble organic species between SL and XL. The soluble organic species of XL contain more free aliphatics but less arenes than those of SL. The arenes in the soluble organic species of XL are mainly composed of the derivatives of benzene and naphthalene, while those from SL are dominated with condensed arenes and polycyclic biphenyls. Furthermore, the free oxygen-containing organic species in SL and XL are dominated with ketones and phenols, respectively. Additionally, ASAP/TOF-MS analysis indicates that the molecular weight of soluble organic species from SL is higher than that from XL. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The BSS/HDPE (BSSP) composites with different BSS contents were prepared by melt-compounding method. The non-isothermal crystallization kinetics of HDPE and BSSP were investigated by DSC at various cooling rates. Jeziorny and Liu methods were employed to describe the non-isothermal crystallization process of HDPE and BSSP. The results showed that, when the relative degree X(t) of crystallinity is approximately 71.6% or more, the Jeziorny method is invalid to describe the non-isothermal crystallization process, while the Liu method is successful in doing so for HDPE and BSSP. The addition of BSS can accelerate the overall non-isothermal crystallization process of HDPE, but does not change the nucleation mechanism and dimension of spherulite growth of HDPE matrix. The crystallization rate for both HDPE and BSSP increases with the increasing cooling rate, but it is quicker for BSSP than HDPE at a given cooling rate. Moreover, the addition of BSS decreases the crystallization activation energy Ea calculated by Kissinger equation. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

series of star-shaped macromolecules bearing distinct symmetrical branches with alternating organoiron complexes and azobenzene moieties were synthesized using both convergent and divergent approaches. The various azo dye and organoiron-containing branches were reacted with multifunctional cores via metal-mediated nucleophilic aromatic substitution and ester condensation reactions to afford multi-substituted three- and four-arm star-shaped oligomers. UV–vis spectral studies of complexes 15 and 22 ( λ = 435 and 427 nm, respectively) show bathochromic shifts ( λ = 576 and 558, respectively) at various HCl concentrations indicating their use as potential acid sensors. Cyclic voltammetric studies of the octa-iron oligomer 22 were reversibly reduced at E = −1.53 V. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We report here a fully organic, self-assembled dimeric receptor, constructed from 1, 8-naphthalimide-based tweezer-liked building block. The macrocyclic-like dimer is stable in the solid and liquid states. This system acts as a receptor for electron-rich polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons such as anthracene, naphthalene, triphenylene and pyrene. • The 1, 8-naphthalimide-based tweezer-liked synthon (1) is easy to be prepared. • Synthon 1 is able to create a macrocyclic dimmer with large cavity through π-π stacking driven self-assembly. • The formed macrocycle showed excellent recognition properties toward anthracene, naphthalene, triphenylene and pyrene. • The macrocycle can be used as a useful tool for the detection of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

C24H24BrN, orthorhombic, P21/n (no. 14), a = 9.875(6) Å, b = 10.415(6) Å, c = 20.562(12) Å, β = 98.130(7)°, V = 2094(2) Å3, Z = 4, Rgt(F) = 0.0367, wRref(F2) = 0.1044, T = 273(2) K. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sandwich 12·2, macrocyclic 1·3 and box 12·42 supramolecular assemblies were synthesized by the reaction of 1,8-bis(4-pyridylethynyl)anthracene 1 with hydroquinone 2, resorcinol 3 and 1,5-dihydroxynaphthalene 4via hydrogen-bonding interactions, respectively. The formed sandwiches, macrocycles and boxes can further self assemble to form a double-layer supramolecular polymer, nanotubes and a one-dimensional "iron chain type" supramolecular polymer. Investigation of their crystal structures revealed that the distance between two oxygen atoms in a hydrogen bonding donor play an important role in the formation of supramolecular assemblies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The complexes of lanthanide metals, especially dysprosium, can generally exhibit excellent magnetic properties. By means of modifying ligands, dual functions or even multi-functions can be achieved. Here, we synthesized an eight-coordinate Dy(III) complex 1, [Dy(HL-o)2(MeOH)2](ClO4)3·4.5MeOH, which is single-molecule magnet (SMM), and the introduction of the rhodamine 6G chromophore in the ring-opened ligand HL-o realizes ligand-centered fluorescence in addition to SMM. Magnetic measurements and ab initio calculations indicate that the magnetic relaxation for complex 1 should be due to the Raman relaxation process. Studies on magneto-structural correlationship of the rhodamine salicylaldehyde hydrazone Dy(III) complexes show that the calculated energy of the first Kramers Doublet (EKD1) is basically related to the Ophenoxy-Dy-Ophenoxy bond angle, i.e., the larger Ophenoxy-Dy-Ophenoxy bond angle corresponds to a larger EKD1. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A deep-red emission and lipid droplets-targeted fluorescence probe (named ZFPy) for effective bioimaging of bisulfite was developed from flavone moiety and benzoindole derivative based on intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) and Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) platform. ZFPy displayed promising fluorescence parameters including bright deep red fluorescence (615 nm), large Stokes shift (205 nm), extended emission window gap (140 nm), high absolute fluorescence quantum yield (4.1%) and stable emission signal output. In addition, ZFPy realized ratiometric fluorescence monitoring for SO 2 derivatives with low detection limit (30 nM), preferable linearity, high sensitivity and selectivity. Interestingly, dual fluorophores (i.e. the donor moiety and 1,1,2,3-tetra-substituent-1H-benzo[e]indol-3-ium iodide moiety) released the same emission band about 475 nm to enhance the emission signal when ZFPy reacted with SO 2 derivatives, to the best of our knowledge, this is the first synergetic FRET/ICT platform for fluorescence probe, which might effectively offer ZFPy a high sensitivity and low detection limit in the detection of SO 2 derivatives. More importantly, ZFPy could image exogenous and endogenous SO 2 derivatives in living HeLa, HepG2 and L-O2 cells with good biocompatibility and photostability. ZFPy also preferred to load on lipid droplets with high Pearson's coefficient (0.95). Image 1 • A ratiometric fluorescent probe (ZFPy) for rapidly monitoring SO 2 derivatives was developed. • FRET-based ZFPy displayed larger gap (140 nm) between two emission spectra. • This is a first synergetic FRET/ICT platform for fluorescence probe. • ZFPy was applied to image exogenous and endogenous SO 2 derivatives in living Hela, HepG2 and L-O2 cells. • ZFPy showed lipid droplets-targeted ability (Pearson's coefficient 0.95). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A unique fluorescent probe (ZACA) for the monitoring of SO2 derivatives was developed from coumarin and benzoindoles based on FRET and ICT. ZACA exhibited an active emission signal, large Stokes shift, wide emission window distance, and high photostability. It also possessed many advantages in the ratiometric detection of HSO3−/SO32− including low detection limit and high selectivity and sensitivity. Importantly, ZACA was successfully applied in the ratiometric detection of endogenous HSO3−/SO32− in living cells with excellent cellular imaging capability (1 μM) and mitochondria-targeting ability (co-localization coefficient: 0.91). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, a multiobjective root system growth algorithm-based p-optimality (p-MORSGA) is proposed. The proposed p-MORSGA extended original root system growth algorithm with multiobjective nondomination strategy. To enhance its effect of convergence of solution groups, the p-optimality criterion is employed to determine the solutions of last nondominated front into the next generation group. In the evolution process, global general (GG), concerning the margin information and population density, is selected as the suitable optimality criterion of evaluating the performance of solutions. Application of the new p-MORSGA on several multiobjective benchmark functions shows a marked improvement in performance over the modified classical MOEAs with such criterion. Finally, the proposed p-MORSGA is applied to solve two real-world problems, multiobjective portfolio optimization problems (MOPOPs) and multiobjective optimal power flow (OPF) problems. The experimental results demonstrate that p-MORSGA is extremely effective for real-world application problems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]