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Sulfur dioxide (SO2) is highly toxic, harmful to human health, and seriously pollutes the environment. In the present report, different ratios of MXene (Ti3C2Tx) loaded LaFeO3 nanotubes were obtained through etching and electrospinning techniques. The MXene/LaFeO3 composites were characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscope, transmission electron microscope, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The characterization results show that there is a good connection between MXene and LaFeO3. The gas sensitivity test shows that the 4 wt%-MXene/LaFeO3 nanocomposite material shows higher sensitivity, rapid response and recovery rate, excellent selectivity to SO2. The MXene/LaFeO3 sensor demonstrates excellent linear response within the concentration range of 1–50 ppm, enabling precise detection of SO2. When the SO2 concentration is 20 ppm, the MXene/LaFeO3 sensor’s response/recovery time is 92 s and 54 s respectively. This work confirms the advantages of MXene-loaded catalyst in SO2 gas detection. MXene/LaFeO3 nanocomposite is a promising candidate material for rapid detection of SO2. This study provides insights into MXene-based gas sensing materials, laying the theoretical foundation for the development and application of high-performance SO2 sensors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]