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Background: Adverse events during donation negatively impact the likelihood of subsequent donation. Syncope is a possible complication of blood donation in healthy individuals. This systematic review aims to identify risk factors for syncope in healthy blood donors.Study Design and Methods: Medline, Embase, Cochrane, CINAHL, Web of Science, Transfusion Evidence Library, and PubMed libraries up to November 2016 were searched. Inclusion criteria were observational and interventional trials, case series including more than 10 participants, randomized controlled trials, and clinical trials. Papers required data pertaining to syncopal events separate from presyncope for inclusion. Incomplete text or non-English language versions were excluded. Papers were evaluated using the CHARMS 2014 checklist.Results: From 3316 papers, 1297 unique citations were identified, and 11 were selected for data extraction. Sex, estimated blood volume, age, donor status, blood pressure, heart rate, weight, previous reaction, caffeine, sleep, and donation site were identified as risk factors for syncope during blood donation.Conclusion: Possible risk factors for syncope in healthy blood donors have been identified that could allow for improved screening prior to donation and potential reduction in donor attrition due to negative experiences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although patient centredness is part of providing high-quality health care, little is known about the effectiveness of care transition interventions that involve patients and their families on readmissions to the hospital or emergency visits post-discharge. This systematic review (SR) aimed to examine the evidence on patient- and family-centred (PFC) care transition interventions and evaluate their effectiveness on adults' hospital readmissions and emergency department (ED) visits after discharge. Searches of Medline, CINAHL, and Embase databases were conducted from the earliest available online year of indexing up to and including 14 March 2021. The studies included: (i) were about care transitions (hospital to home) of ≥18-year-old patients; (ii) had components of patient-centred care and care transition frameworks; (iii) reported on one or more outcomes were among hospital readmissions and ED visits after discharge; and (iv) were cluster-, pilot- or randomized-controlled trials published in English or French. Study selection, data extraction, and risk of bias assessment were completed by two independent reviewers. A narrative synthesis was performed, and pooled odd ratios, standardized mean differences, and mean differences were calculated using a random-effects meta-analysis. Of the 10,021 citations screened, 50 trials were included in the SR and 44 were included in the meta-analyses. Care transition intervention types included health assessment, symptom and disease management, medication reconciliation, discharge planning, risk management, complication detection, and emotional support. Results showed that PFC care transition interventions significantly reduced the risk of hospital readmission rates compared to usual care [incident rate ratio (IRR), 0.86; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.75–0.98; I 2 = 73%] regardless of time elapsed since discharge. However, these same interventions had minimal impact on the risk of ED visit rates compared to usual care group regardless of time passed after discharge (IRR, 1.00; 95% CI, 0.85–1.18; I 2 = 29%). PFC care transition interventions containing a greater number of patient-centred care (IRR, 0.73; 95% CI, 0.57–0.94; I 2 = 59%) and care transition components (IRR, 0.76; 95% CI, 0.64–0.91; I 2 = 4%) significantly decreased the risk of patients being readmitted. However, these interventions did not significantly increase the risk of patients visiting the ED after discharge (IRR, 1.54; CI 95%, 0.91–2.61). Future interventions should focus on patients' and families' values, beliefs, needs, preferences, race, age, gender, and social determinants of health to improve the quality of adults' care transitions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Care transitions from the hospital to home are critical to the sustainability of our health care system. Ineffective care transitions can be caused by high incidences of post-discharge adverse events, by poor communication with patients, and/or by inadequate information transfer between providers from the hospital to home. Any one of these can lead to fragmented care, high readmission rates, increased visits to the emergency department, and ultimately poor patient outcomes. Despite the ongoing improvement efforts of health care organizations, the efficacy of person- and family-centered care transition interventions on the quality of care and on the patient experience are not known. The aim of this systematic review is to critically analyze the body of evidence regarding the effectiveness of person- and family-centered care transition interventions on the quality of care, and the experience of patients. Methods: We will conduct a systematic review using the Cochrane Handbook's guidelines and will adhere to a standardized reporting format: Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA). A comprehensive search strategy will be conducted in the following databases: MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and the Cochrane Consumers and Communication Group. Following a two-step screening process, data including the full reference, objectives, target population, description of the intervention and control intervention, outcome measures, design, length of post-intervention follow-up period, and the study results will be extracted, synthesized, and reported. Risk of bias and quality of the studies will also be assessed. Discussion: This systematic review will summarize and present the evidence base for person- and family-centered care transition interventions. This review will also inform further research and will lay the groundwork for more empirical studies on person- and family-centered care transitions. Specifically, the results of this systematic review may inform the development of measures to monitor safe and effective person- and family-centered transitions from the hospital to home. These results may also be important for policy makers, decision-makers, clinicians, and patients/families who are involved in navigating the health care system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As part of the University of Manitoba Libraries Outreach Services, the Winnipeg Regional Health Authority (WRHA) Virtual Library provides library services to hospitals, health centres, community health agencies, and personal care homes throughout the city of Winnipeg, Manitoba. All services of the WRHA Virtual Library, including the collection, are entirely virtual, though staff are physically located in the university's health library. In March 2020, shortly after the World Health Organization declared the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic, libraries around the world started closing their doors and staff were required to work from home. The virtual infrastructure of our services and collections required no changes in how our patrons accessed the Virtual Library and a smooth transition was expected, but the sudden shift to working from home revealed gaps. This article discusses the unique experience of the WRHA Virtual Library transitioning to a completely virtual environment, the previous reliance on the university's physical infrastructure, and the inequities identified between librarians and library technicians. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Checkpoint inhibitor drugs including ipilimumab have been reported to induce intestinal injury.Objective: We aimed to evaluate the risk of chronic (> 6 weeks) enterocolitis following ipilimumab administration, and the likelihood that an enteritis vs colitis or enterocolitis is seen.Patients and Methods: We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, CENTRAL, the World Health Organization International Clinical Trials Registry, and conference proceedings. We included: (1) randomized controlled trials comparing ipilimumab administration with placebo/standard care/other active chemotherapy regimens and (2) prospective observational studies. Separate meta-analyses were performed for randomized controlled trials and observational studies.Results: Of 4760 records, we included ten unique randomized controlled trials (n = 5814 subjects) and 34 unique prospective observational studies (n = 3699 subjects). In randomized controlled trials, the pooled relative risk of ≥ grade 3 enterocolitis or ≥ grade 3 diarrhea associated with ipilimumab was 13.31 (95% confidence interval 6.01-29.48, I2 = 0%, ten trials) and 6.72 (95% confidence interval 3.30-13.65, I2 = 63%, ten trials), respectively. In observational studies, the 3-monthly risk of developing grade 3 or higher enteritis, colitis, or enterocolitis was 4% (95% confidence interval 3-7, I2 = 77.40%, 25 studies). Randomized controlled trials and observational studies did not distinguish between acute and chronic enterocolitis. Of the included observational studies, the pooled risk of incurring small bowel involvement associated with ipilimumab was 1% (95% CI 0-4, I2 = 0%, four studies) per every 3-month time period.Conclusions: Insufficient data exist to quantify or distinguish the risk of acute vs chronic enterocolitis following ipilmumab use. Because of the serious impact of chronic enterocolitis on quality of life and further cancer treatment, future trials evaluating the safety of immunotherapy should report gastrointestinal events in greater detail. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents the results from a study regarding information sources for the interfaces MEDLINE, Library and Information Science Abstracts, and the Cochrane Methodology Register. The article discusses how important it is for researchers to have access to unpublished library conference literature in order to make informed, evidence-based, timely, and cost-effective decisions when selecting sources for systematic reviews. The article evaluates the information search results from electronic bibliographic databases and the precision of the search results.