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We present nuclear magnetic (NMR) and quadrupole (NQR) resonance and magnetization data in the normal state of the topological crystalline superconductor LaNiGa2. We find no evidence of significant magnetic fluctuations or enhanced paramagnetism. These results suggest that the time-reversal symmetry breaking previously reported in the superconducting state of this material is not driven by strong electron correlations.

Abstract Rim arterial phase hyperenhancement is an imaging feature commonly encountered on contrast-enhanced CT and MRI in focal liver lesions. Rim arterial phase hyperenhancement is a subtype of arterial phase hyperenhancement mainly present at the periphery of lesions on the arterial phase. It is caused by a relative arterialization of the periphery compared with the center of the lesion and needs to be differentiated from other patterns of peripheral enhancement, including the peripheral discontinuous nodular enhancement and the corona enhancement. Rim arterial phase hyperenhancement may be a typical or an atypical imaging presentation of many benign and malignant focal liver lesions, challenging the radiologists during imaging interpretation. Benign focal liver lesions that may show rim arterial phase hyperenhancement may have a vascular, infectious, or inflammatory origin. Malignant focal liver lesions displaying rim arterial phase hyperenhancement may have a vascular, hepatocellular, biliary, lymphoid, or secondary origin. The differences in imaging characteristics on contrast-enhanced CT may be subtle, and a multiparametric approach on MRI may be helpful to narrow the list of differentials. This article aims to review the broad spectrum of focal liver lesions that may show rim arterial phase hyperenhancement, using an approach based on the benign and malignant nature of lesions and their histologic origin. Critical relevance statement Rim arterial phase hyperenhancement may be an imaging feature encountered in benign and malignant focal liver lesions and the diagnostic algorithm approach provided in this educational review may guide toward the final diagnosis. Key Points Several focal liver lesions may demonstrate rim arterial phase hyperenhancement. Rim arterial phase hyperenhancement may occur in vascular, inflammatory, and neoplastic lesions. Rim arterial phase hyperenhancement may challenge radiologists during image interpretation. Graphical Abstract

IntroductionCerebrovascular stroke, a leading cause of global morbidity and mortality, is influenced by several modifiable risk factors such as hypertension, diabetes, and smoking. Emerging evidence highlights the significant role of inflammation in stroke pathogenesis, with conditions like periodontitis potentially exacerbating this risk. The aim of this systematic review was to identify and quantify the real impact of periodontal disease in individuals with cerebral stroke through the analysis of inflammatory periodontal indicesMethodsFollowing PRISMA guidelines, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of case-control studies assessing periodontal indices in stroke patients. Data sources included PubMed, Scopus, and Cochrane Library, with searches extended to grey literature. The review protocol was registered on PROSPERO (CRD42024529767). Studies were evaluated using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale to assess risk of bias, and meta-analyses were conducted using Review Manager 5.4 and TSA software.ResultsThe review included seven case-control studies, comprising 723 stroke patients and 787 controls. Meta-analyses revealed significant differences between stroke and control groups in clinical attachment loss [MD 1.04 mm, 95% CI (0.54, 1.54)], probing pocket depth [MD 0.68 mm, 95% CI (0.31, 10.6)], and radiological bone loss (MD 2.15 mm, 95% CI [−1.58, 5.89]. These findings indicate that stroke patients exhibit worse periodontal health compared to controls, supporting a potential link between periodontal inflammation and stroke.ConclusionThis study confirms the significant impact of periodontal disease on stroke patients and highlights the importance of oral health in preventing adverse cerebrovascular events.Systematic Review RegistrationPROSPERO, identifier (CRD42024529767).

Abstract Objectives Odontogenic keratocysts exhibit frequent recurrence, distinctive histopathological traits, a tendency towards aggressive clinical behavior, and a potential linkage to the nevoid basal cell carcinoma syndrome. The aim of this systematic review is to compile insights concerning the control of this condition and assess the effectiveness of various treatment approaches in reducing the likelihood of recurrence. Materials and methods The following systematic review adhered to the PRISMA guidelines. The systematic revision was registered on PROSPERO and structured around the questions related to the population, intervention, control, outcome and study design (PICOS). Results After conducting a search on the PubMed database, we initially identified 944 records. After using end-note software to remove duplicate entries, results totally with 462 distinct records. A thorough review of the titles and abstracts of these articles led to the selection of 50 papers for in-depth examination. Ultimately, following the application of our eligibility criteria, we incorporated 11 articles into our primary outcome analysis. Conclusion Among the studies examined, the most common location for these lesions was found to be in the area of the mandibular ramus and the posterior region of the mandible. In cases where the exact location wasn’t specified, the mandible emerged as the predominant site. When we considered the characteristics of these lesions in studies that mentioned locularity, most were described as unilocular in two studies, while in two other studies, the prevalence of multilocular lesions was observed. Risk factors associated with keratocyst recurrence include younger patient age, the presence of multilocular lesions, larger lesion size, and a longer anteroposterior dimension. Certain treatment methods have demonstrated a lack of relapses. These include the use of 5-fluorouracil, marsupialization, enucleation with peripheral ostectomy or resection, enucleation and curettage, as well as resection without creating continuity defects. However, it is important to note that further research is essential. Prospective studies and randomized trials are needed to collect more comprehensive evidence regarding the effectiveness of various treatment approaches and follow-up protocols for managing odontogenic keratocysts. Clinical relevance Odontogenic keratocysts still enter into differential diagnoses with other lesions that affect the jaw bones such as ameloblastama and other tumor forms, furthermore it is not free from recurrence, therefore the therapeutic approach to the lesion aimed at its elimination can influence both the possible recurrence and complications, knowledge of the surgical methods that offer the most predictable and clinically relevant result for the management of follow-up and recurrences.

Abstract Malignant bile duct obstruction is typically treated by biliary stenting, which however increases the risk of bacterial infections. Here, we analyzed the microbial content of the biliary stents from 56 patients finding widespread microbial colonization. Seventeen of 36 prevalent stent species are common oral microbiome members, associate with disease conditions when present in the gut, and include dozens of biofilm- and antimicrobial resistance-related genes. This work provides an overview of the microbial communities populating the stents.

Abstract Objectives To collect real-world data about the knowledge and self-perception of young radiologists concerning the use of contrast media (CM) and the management of adverse drug reactions (ADR). Methods A survey (29 questions) was distributed to residents and board-certified radiologists younger than 40 years to investigate the current international situation in young radiology community regarding CM and ADRs. Descriptive statistics analysis was performed. Results Out of 454 respondents from 48 countries (mean age: 31.7 ± 4 years, range 25–39), 271 (59.7%) were radiology residents and 183 (40.3%) were board-certified radiologists. The majority (349, 76.5%) felt they were adequately informed regarding the use of CM. However, only 141 (31.1%) received specific training on the use of CM and 82 (18.1%) about management ADR during their residency. Although 266 (58.6%) knew safety protocols for handling ADR, 69.6% (316) lacked confidence in their ability to manage CM-induced ADRs and 95.8% (435) expressed a desire to enhance their understanding of CM use and handling of CM-induced ADRs. Nearly 300 respondents (297; 65.4%) were aware of the benefits of contrast-enhanced ultrasound, but 249 (54.8%) of participants did not perform it. The preferred CM injection strategy in CT parenchymal examination and CT angiography examination was based on patient’s lean body weight in 318 (70.0%) and 160 (35.2%), a predeterminate fixed amount in 79 (17.4%) and 116 (25.6%), iodine delivery rate in 26 (5.7%) and 122 (26.9%), and scan time in 31 (6.8%) and 56 (12.3%), respectively. Conclusion Training in CM use and management ADR should be implemented in the training of radiology residents. Critical relevance statement We highlight the need for improvement in the education of young radiologists regarding contrast media; more attention from residency programs and scientific societies should be focused on training about contrast media use and the management of adverse drug reactions. Key points • This survey investigated training of young radiologists about use of contrast media and management adverse reactions. • Most young radiologists claimed they did not receive dedicated training. • An extreme heterogeneity of responses was observed about contrast media indications/contraindications and injection strategy. Graphical Abstract

Abstract Objectives Historically, the prevalence of caries has undergone significant changes, particularly increasing with the industrialization of sugar consumption. When examining ancient populations, lower caries rates are discovered, attributed in part to dietary factors. These populations consumed abrasive foods, leading to occlusal wear and reduced non-axial occlusal forces, potentially influencing Non-Carious Cervical Lesions (NCCLs). Although some attribute NCCLs to abfraction, the mechanism remains debated. This systematic review aims to evaluate the presence of NCCLs in ancient populations, shedding light on the factors contributing to their occurrence. Materials and Methods The present systematic review was registered on PROSPERO, and the manuscript was prepared following PRISMA guidelines. Results After the literature search and article screening, data from 6 studies were included in the meta-analysis, with only 2 reporting NCCLs in ancient skulls, encopassing 17 subjects in 805 examined skulls, suggesting their presence even before the widespread use of toothbrushes. This finding indicates a potential etiopathogenic mechanism linked to abfraction, but the cause is complex and involves abrasive and erosive factors closely tied to dietary habits. Conclusions In summary, NCCLs were present in ancient populations, albeit with a much lower prevalence. Their occurrence cannot be solely attributed to wear mechanisms but must be connected to abrasive factors related to diet or practices with religious and cultural significance, such as the use of labrets. Clinical relevance: Th the knowledge of NCCLs presence in acient sculls is crucial today for better understand the associated risk factors. In this context, the analysis of ancient skulls allows us to discern the role that tooth brushing and diet played in the formation of NCCLs, over the past century.

Abstract Background Hunter–Schreger bands (HSB) are optical phenomena observed on tooth surfaces under polarized light, resulting from the intersection of enamel prisms. Anthropological studies demonstrate the prevalence of HSB in large mammals, contributing to enamel resistance. Historically, John Hunter and Schreger depicted HSB in dental literature. In dentistry, HSB play a role in non-carious cervical lesions (NCCL) and internal dental perikymata, suggesting their potential for personal identification. Personal identification, crucial in both daily and professional life, involves biometric characteristics, such as fingerprints or facial recognition. The need for non-invasive, rapid, and user-friendly methods has prompted the exploration of using HSB dental images for personal identification. The review aimed to consolidate studies employing HSB for personal identification. Methods The scoping review was carried out strictly following the PRISMA–ScR checklist; the search was carried out on tree databases (PubMed, Scopus, Science Direct,) and a register (Cochrane library). Results The research produced a number of bibliographic sources totaling 410. With the removal of duplicates, 334 were obtained; potentially eligible articles amounted to 14, of which only 4 fully complied with the criteria of eligibility. Conclusions From the data in the literature, we can assert that HSB could be used in personal identification, as they are characteristics that are difficult to change and easily detectable.

Abstract Liver diseases in pregnancy can be specific to gestation or only coincidental. In the latter case, the diagnosis can be difficult. Rapid diagnosis of maternal-fetal emergencies and situations requiring specialized interventions are crucial to preserve the maternal liver and guarantee materno-fetal survival. While detailed questioning of the patient and a clinical examination are highly important, imaging is often essential to reach a diagnosis of these liver diseases and lesions. Three groups of liver diseases may be observed during pregnancy: (1) diseases related to pregnancy: intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy, pre-eclampsia, eclampsia, hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes and low platelets (HELLP) syndrome, and acute fatty liver of pregnancy; (2) liver diseases that are more frequent during or exacerbated by pregnancy: acute herpes simplex hepatitis, Budd-Chiari syndrome, hemorrhagic hereditary telangiectasia, hepatocellular adenoma, portal vein thrombosis, and cholelithiasis; (3) coincidental conditions, including acute hepatitis, incidental focal liver lesions, metabolic dysfunction–associated steatotic liver disease, cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma, liver abscesses and parasitosis, and liver transplantation. Specific knowledge of the main imaging findings is required to reach an early diagnosis, for adequate follow-up, and to avoid adverse consequences in both the mother and the fetus. Critical relevance statement Pregnancy-related liver diseases are the most important cause of liver dysfunction in pregnant patients and, in pregnancy, even common liver conditions can have an unexpected turn. Fear of radiations should never delay necessary imaging studies in pregnancy. Key points • Pregnancy-related liver diseases are the most frequent cause of liver dysfunction during gestation. • Fear of radiation should never delay necessary imaging studies. • Liver imaging is important to assess liver emergencies and for the diagnosis and follow-up of any other liver diseases. • Common liver conditions and lesions may take an unexpected turn during pregnancy. • Pregnancy-specific diseases such as pre-eclampsia and HELLP syndrome must be rapidly identified. However, imaging should never delay delivery when it is considered to be urgent for maternal-fetal survival. Graphical Abstract

Cancer cells require substantial amounts of energy and substrates for their metabolic hyperactivity, enabling the synthesis of new cells at the expense of healthy ones. Preliminary in vitro data suggest that a mix of free essential amino acids (EAA-mix) can promote cancer cell apoptosis by enhancing autophagy. This study aimed to confirm, both in vitro and in vivo, whether EAA intake could influence the development of colon cancer in mice. We investigated changes in cancer proliferation in CT26 cells treated with EAA-mix and in mice fed with EAA-rich modified diets (EAARD) as compared to those on a standard laboratory diet (StD). CT26 cells were injected subcutaneously (s.c.) or intraperitoneally (i.p.). After 21 days, tumors were removed and measured. In vitro data corroborated that EAA-mix impairs cancer growth by inducing apoptosis. In vivo data revealed that mice on StD developed significantly larger (s.c.) and more numerous (i.p.) cancers than those on EAARD. EAA administration appears to influence cancer cell survival with notable antiproliferative properties.

The aim of this study was to evaluate changes in the concentration of N-terminal type I collagen extension pro-peptide (PINP), tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAcP), and parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHrP) in saliva during orthodontic treatment in order to evaluate whether changes in bone turnover marker (BTM) concentration can help highlight the effects of orthodontic mechanical loading in the absence of clinical evidence of tooth movement in terms of tooth movement. Saliva samples from 25 apparently healthy young subjects (10 females and 15 males) were collected using Salivette® (Sarstedt) with cotton swabs and the concentrations of PTHrP, TRAcP 5b, and PINP were analyzed at time 0 (T1), 25 days (T2), and at 45 days (T3). Differences in the median value of biomarker levels between baseline T1 and follow-up of the different groups (T2 and T3) were assessed using the non-parametric Mann–Whitney U test. Trough concentrations of P1NP, PTHrP, and TRAcP were 0.80 µg/L, 0.21 ng/mL, and 0.90 U/L above the method LOD. The non-parametric Mann–Whitney U test confirmed a statistically significant difference in T1 versus concentrations of T2 and T3. All subjects evaluated had a statistically significant difference between T1 vs. T3. when compared with the specific critical difference (RCV) for the analyte The results obtained demonstrate that the evaluation of BTM changes in saliva can help the evaluation of orthodontic procedures and the monitoring of biomechanical therapy.

Abstract Iatrogenic urinary tract injury (IUTI) is a severe complication of emergency digestive surgery. It can lead to increased postoperative morbidity and mortality and have a long-term impact on the quality of life. The reported incidence of IUTIs varies greatly among the studies, ranging from 0.3 to 1.5%. Given the high volume of emergency digestive surgery performed worldwide, there is a need for well-defined and effective strategies to prevent and manage IUTIs. Currently, there is a lack of consensus regarding the prevention, detection, and management of IUTIs in the emergency setting. The present guidelines, promoted by the World Society of Emergency Surgery (WSES), were developed following a systematic review of the literature and an international expert panel discussion. The primary aim of these WSES guidelines is to provide evidence-based recommendations to support clinicians and surgeons in the prevention, detection, and management of IUTIs during emergency digestive surgery. The following key aspects were considered: (1) effectiveness of preventive interventions for IUTIs during emergency digestive surgery; (2) intra-operative detection of IUTIs and appropriate management strategies; (3) postoperative detection of IUTIs and appropriate management strategies and timing; and (4) effectiveness of antibiotic therapy (including type and duration) in case of IUTIs.

Objectives. In recent years, new endodontic access techniques have been proposed with the aim of preserving as much dental tissue as possible for subsequent prosthetic rehabilitation. It has indeed been demonstrated that the success of this therapy is essential and dependent on the proper execution of endodontic cavity access. The main objective is to provide a comprehensive and up-to-date overview of the new access techniques in endodontics in order to guide clinical practice toward a more precise and qualitative approach. As of today, there is still no universally standardized and recognized taxonomy for the different access cavity designs described in the literature. It has been observed that there are various nomenclatures in the literature. The cavity access designs described mainly in the literature can be categorized into six groups: Traditional Access Cavity (TradAC), Conservative Access Cavity (ConsAC), Ultra-Conservative Access Cavity (UltraAC), Truss Access Cavity (TrussAC), Caries-Guided Access Cavity (CariesAC), and Restoration-Guided Access Cavity (RestoAC). Materials and Methods. The drafting of this narrative review followed the indications of the SANRA (Scale for the Assessment of Narrative Review Articles). A search for scientific articles was conducted on the PubMed and SCOPUS databases, using the following search query: ((truss) OR (conservative) OR (ninja) OR (traditional)) AND access AND endodontic. Results. The initial search yielded a total of 941 articles. After removing duplicates using EndNote X8 software, the number of articles decreased to 785. By applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria, a total of 64 articles were obtained. Among these, 20 articles were finally selected for the purposes of this review, 11 literature reviews and 9 ex-vivo studies. Conclusion. Studies on fracture resistance have yielded heterogeneous results. For anterior teeth, studies do not find a significant relationship between different endodontic access cavities and fracture resistance. However, in the posterior sector, there is more discrepancy and many positive results for minimally invasive access cavities seem to relate to molars. Therefore, it can be concluded that the evidence supporting the influence of endodontic preparations on dental fracture resistance is still limited. Research on new endodontic access techniques holds significant clinical relevance in contemporary endodontics. The evolution of dental technologies, including cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) and computer-guided cavity preparation, has ushered in the era of minimally invasive endodontics. This shift aims to enhance the precision and quality of endodontic treatments while preserving maximum healthy dental tissue for subsequent prosthetic rehabilitation. The success of endodontic therapy is closely tied to the proper execution of access to the endodontium, influencing all phases of endodontic treatment and playing a role in determining fracture resistance for subsequent rehabilitation phases. The dichotomy between traditional and minimally invasive approaches has spurred clinical investigations. Specifically, within the scientific community, doubts have been raised about the potential limitations of minimally invasive access cavities. Concerns include their impact on canal orifice localization and raise questions about their influence on the overall success of endodontic treatment. This review holds clinical significance as it sheds light on the evolving landscape of endodontic access techniques, analyzing the anatomical trajectory, carefully examines the transition to minimally invasive approaches, and critically assesses existing scientific evidence and concerns surrounding these developments, contributing to an informed decision-making process in clinical practice.