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9. Bias-corrected CMIP5 projections for climate change and assessments of impact on Malaria in Senegal under the VECTRI Model

Author

Fall, P., Diouf, I., Deme, A., Diouf, S., Sene, D., Sultan, Benjamin, Famien, A.M., Janicot, Serge, UMR Espace-Dev Guyane, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-Avignon Université (AU)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Université de Guyane (UG)-Université des Antilles (UA)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Laboratoire d'Océanographie et du Climat : Expérimentations et Approches Numériques (LOCEAN), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)

Subjects
[SDV.EE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment, SENEGAL, [SDV.MHEP.MI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases, [MATH]Mathematics [math], [SDV.MHEP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology
Abstract

On the climate-health issue, studies have already attempted to understand the influence of climate change on the transmission of malaria. Extreme weather events such as floods, droughts, or heat waves can alter the course and distribution of malaria. This study aims to understand the impact of future climate change on malaria transmission using, for the first time in Senegal, the ICTP's community-based vector-borne disease model, TRIeste (VECTRI). This biological model is a dynamic mathematical model for the study of malaria transmission that considers the impact of climate and population variability. A new approach for VECTRI input parameters was also used. A bias correction technique, the cumulative distribution function transform (CDF-t) method, was applied to climate simulations to remove systematic biases in the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 (CMIP5) global climate models (GCMs) that could alter impact predictions. Beforehand, we use reference data for validation such as CPC global unified gauge-based analysis of daily precipitation (CPC for Climate Prediction Center), ERA5-land reanalysis, Climate Hazards InfraRed Precipitation with Station data (CHIRPS), and African Rainfall Climatology 2.0 (ARC2). The results were analyzed for two CMIP5 scenarios for the different time periods: assessment: 1983-2005; near future: 2006-2028; medium term: 2030-2052; and far future: 2077-2099). The validation results show that the models reproduce the annual cycle well. Except for the IPSL-CM5B model, which gives a peak in August, all the other models (ACCESS1-3, CanESM2, CSIRO, CMCC-CM, CMCC-CMS, CNRM-CM5, GFDL-CM3, GFDL-ESM2G, GFDL-ESM2M, inmcm4, and IPSL-CM5B) agree with the validation data on a maximum peak in September with a period of strong transmission in August-October. With spatial variation, the CMIP5 model simulations show more of a difference in the number of malaria cases between the south and the north. Malaria transmission is much higher in the south than in the north. However, the results predicted by the models on the occurrence of malaria by 2100 show differences between the RCP8.5 scenario, considered a high emission scenario, and the RCP4.5 scenario, considered an intermediate mitigation scenario. The CanESM2, CMCC-CM, MCC-CMS, inmcm4, and IPSL-CM5B models predict decreases with the RCP4.5 scenario. However, ACCESS1-3, CSIRO, NRCM-CM5, GFDL-CM3, GFDL-ESM2G, and GFDL-ESM2M predict increases in malaria under all scenarios (RCP4.5 and RCP8.5). The projected decrease in malaria in the future with these models is much more visible in the RCP8.5 scenario. The results of this study are of paramount importance in the climate-health field. These results will assist in decision-making and will allow for the establishment of preventive surveillance systems for local climate-sensitive diseases, including malaria, in the targeted regions of Senegal.

Published
2023
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17. C31: Bilan initial de l’implémentation de la technique d’immunohistochimie au laboratoire d’anatomie pathologique de la Faculté de Médecine de l’UCAD lors des 5 premiers mois d’activité

Author

Dial, CMM, primary, Déguénonvo, GNC, additional, Ngom, NK, additional, Chergaoui, F, additional, Sow, A, additional, Bouri, M, additional, Gassama, M, additional, Diouf, S, additional, Gaye, AM, additional, Thiam, I, additional, and Dième Ahouidi, MJ, additional

Published
2022
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31. Improving mechanical and thermal properties of graphite–aluminium composite using Si, SiC and eggshell particles.

Author

Durowoju, MO, Asafa, TB, Sadiku, ER, Diouf, S, Shongwe, MB, Olubambi, PA, Oladosu, KO, Ogbemudia, A, Babalola, MM, and Ajala, MT

Subjects
GRAPHITE, THERMAL properties, EGGSHELLS, THERMAL conductivity, SPECIFIC gravity, THERMAL expansion
Abstract

Graphite–aluminium (Gr–Al) composites are being used for diverse engineering applications because of their light weight, good electrical conductivity and thermal properties. However, their applications are limited by high coefficient of thermal expansion and low microhardness values which can be enhanced by adding cheap and efficient fillers. This paper reports the effect of addition of eggshell (ES) particles on the properties of sintered Gr–Al-based composites. Five different composites (Gr–Al, Gr–Al + 20 wt.%Si, Gr–Al + 20 wt.%SiC, Gr–Al + 20Si wt.% + 20 wt.%ES and Gr–Al + 20SiC wt.% + 20 wt.%ES) were sintered at a temperature of 540 ℃, holding time of 10 min, heating rate of 52 ℃/min and pressure of 50 MPa using spark plasma sintering system. The sintered samples were characterized based on morphology, microhardness, relative density, coefficient of thermal expansion and electrical conductivity. Based on SEM images, graphite particles of flake-like structure were largely undeformed while Al particles were smaller, round and irregular in shape and fairly uniformly distributed in the composites. The microhardness value of sintered Gr–Al + 20 wt.%SiC + 20 wt.%ES composite was 39.55 HV compared to 30.46 HV for Gr–Al, the least of the samples. The Gr–Al + 20 wt.%SiC + 20 wt.%ES composite also has a very low thermal expansion coefficient (0.98 × 10−5/K) but lowest electrical conductivity at temperature beyond 150 ℃. Highest densification and minimum relative density (94%) were obtained in Gr–Al + 20 wt.%Si + 20 wt.%ES composite. These enhanced performances are largely due to the incorporation of ES particles. This study therefore demonstrated that ESs particles enhanced microhardness and lowered thermal expansion of Gr–Al-based composites which have promising applications in industries especially for thermal management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2020
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34. Book of abstract international conference ICAWA 2014 : the AWA project : ecosystem approach to the management of fisheries and the marine environment in West African waters

Author

Brochier, Timothée, Auger, Pierre, Thiam, N., Sow, M., Diouf, S., Sloterdijk, H., Brehmer, Patrice, Brehmer, Patrice (ed.), Diop, H. (ed.), Gomez, M.M. (collab.), Diogoul, N. (collab.), Koutob, V. (collab.), Brandt, P. (collab.), Sow, B.A. (collab.), Lazar, A. (collab.), Capet, X. (collab.), Fock, H. (collab.), Santos, C.F. (collab.), Machu, Eric (collab.), Diadihou, H. (collab.), Jouffre, Didier (collab.), Diallo, I. (collab.), Schmidt, J. (collab.), Gaye, A. (collab.), Ould Taleb Sidi, M. (collab.), Gouriou, Yves (collab.), Almar, Rafael (collab.), Sall, M. (collab.), Duval Diop, D. (collab.), Thiow, M. (collab.), Wanless, R. (collab.), Gonzales-Solis Bou, J. (collab.), Ly, I. (collab.), Beye Traoré, D. (collab.), Bonnin, Marie (collab.), and Ekau, W. (collab.)

Published
2015

35. Wear and corrosion studies of graphite‐aluminum composite reinforced with micro/nano‐TiB2 via spark plasma sintering.

Author

Durowoju, M.O., Sadiku, E.R., Diouf, S., Shongwe, M.B., Makena, I.M., Ramakokovhu, M.M., Olubambi, P.A., and Eze, A.A.

Subjects
GRAPHITE, WEAR resistance, CORROSION & anti-corrosives, ALUMINUM composites, TITANIUM composites, AUTOMOBILE industry, FRICTION
Abstract

The demand for lightweight materials in the automobile and aerospace industries has led to various researches on graphite and graphite‐aluminum composites. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of the addition of micron/nano TiB2 particles on the properties of graphite‐aluminum composite particularly the wear resistance. The powders were sintered at 550 °C and 50 MPa with more attention on the effect of the sintering temperature on densification, microhardness, coefficient of thermal expansion, wear and frictional force. The results show that the addition of nano TiB2 reduces the densification while improving the hardness of Gr−Al composite with the lowest value being 96.0 % of relative density and the highest microhardness of 43.58 HV 0.1. The coefficient of thermal expansion and frictional force of the composite materials increases with increasing TiB2 content and heating rate (100 °C/min–150 °C/min). TiB2 particles enhance the wear resistance of graphite‐aluminum composite. The addition of micro/nanoparticles of TiB2 to graphite‐aluminum composite increases its corrosion rate with improved passivation behavior in 3.5 wt.% NaCl solution. Nevertheless, 5 wt.% nano (100 °C/min) TiB2 additions do not affect the overall corrosion rate. This work has shown that we can take advantage of some of the properties of TiB2 to improve the performance of graphite‐aluminum composite. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2019
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37. L'esclave, le roi, le cardinal. L'iconographie de Benoit le Maure 81524-1589)

Author

Lowe, K, Martin, P, Chiavola, L, Modzinou, Y, Walvin, J, Brackett, J, Lahon, D, Almeida, A, Manning, P, Diouf, S, FIUME, Giovanna, Gnammankou, D, Modzinou, Y, Lowe, K, Martin, P, Chiavola, L, Walvin, J, Brackett, J, Lahon, D, Almeida, A, Manning, P, Diouf, S, and Fiume, G

Subjects
Settore M-STO/02 - Storia Moderna, schiavitù, evangelizzazione, ssnti neri, iconografia
Published
2008

49. Crowding enhances flowering of Pistia stratotes

Author

den Hollander, N.G., Diouf, S., Schenk, I., Bastiaans, L., Kropff, M.J., and Pieterse, A.H.

Subjects
Theoretical Production Ecology, Life Science, PE&RC, Laboratorium voor Theoretische Productie Ecologie en Agronomie
Published
1998

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