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397 results on '"Dipartimento di Biologia Vegetale"'

1. Annali di botanica.

Author: Università degli studi di Roma "La Sapienza". Dipartimento di biologia vegetale and New York Botanical Garden, LuEsther T. Mertz Library
Subjects: Italy, Periodicals, Plants
Published: 1903

2. Annali di botanica

Author: Università degli studi di Roma "La Sapienza". Dipartimento di biologia vegetale and New York Botanical Garden, LuEsther T. Mertz Library
Subjects: Italy, Periodicals, Plants

3. Annali di botanica

Author: Università degli studi di Roma "La Sapienza". Dipartimento di biologia vegetale and New York Botanical Garden, LuEsther T. Mertz Library
Subjects: Italy, Periodicals, Plants

4. Annali di botanica

Author: Università degli studi di Roma "La Sapienza". Dipartimento di biologia vegetale and New York Botanical Garden, LuEsther T. Mertz Library
Subjects: Italy, Periodicals, Plants

5. Annali di botanica

Author: Università degli studi di Roma "La Sapienza". Dipartimento di biologia vegetale and New York Botanical Garden, LuEsther T. Mertz Library
Subjects: Italy, Periodicals, Plants

6. Annali di botanica

Author: Università degli studi di Roma "La Sapienza". Dipartimento di biologia vegetale and New York Botanical Garden, LuEsther T. Mertz Library
Subjects: Italy, Periodicals, Plants

7. Annali di botanica

Author: Università degli studi di Roma "La Sapienza". Dipartimento di biologia vegetale and New York Botanical Garden, LuEsther T. Mertz Library
Subjects: Italy, Periodicals, Plants

8. La villa di Torraccia di Chiusi, località Aiano : dati preliminari dalla III campagna di scavo, 2007

Author: UCL - FLTR/ARKE - Département d'archéologie et d'histoire de l'art, Università di Firenze - Dipartimento di Biologia Vegetale, Associazione Archeologica Sangimignanese, Università di Siena - Centro di GeoTecnologie, Cavalieri, Marco, Baldini, Giacomo, Ragazzini, Sofia, Bellini, Cristina, Gonnelli, Tiziana, Mariotti, Marta, Novellini, Alessandro, Mainardi Valcarenghi, Gabriele, UCL - FLTR/ARKE - Département d'archéologie et d'histoire de l'art, Università di Firenze - Dipartimento di Biologia Vegetale, Associazione Archeologica Sangimignanese, Università di Siena - Centro di GeoTecnologie, Cavalieri, Marco, Baldini, Giacomo, Ragazzini, Sofia, Bellini, Cristina, Gonnelli, Tiziana, Mariotti, Marta, Novellini, Alessandro, and Mainardi Valcarenghi, Gabriele
Published: 2008

9. Improvement of the quality of forest seedlings (Pinus pinea, Pinus halepensis, Pinus nigra subsp. laricio, Quercus suber) and Mediterranean reforestation using controlled mycorrhizal infection (MYCOMED)

Author: Mousain, Daniel, Inra, ., Groupement d'Aix-En-Provence, ., Robin Pépinières, ., Departamento de Patologia Vegetal, ., Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, ., Dipartimento Di Biologia Vegetale, ., Area Tecnica, ., Station de recherches sur les symbiotes des racines, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA), Robin Pépinières, Partenaires INRAE, Institute of Agrifood Research and Technology (IRTA), Universidad de Murcia, Universita di Torino, Forestal Catalana, and ProdInra, Migration
Subjects: [SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio], PIN PARASOL, CHENE LIEGE, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], PIN NOIR, PINUS PINEA, PIN D'ALEP, PINUS NIGRA LARICIO
Published: 1998

10. Contrasted climate patterns during the Holocene in the central Mediterranean inferred from pollen data

Author: D’oliveira, Léa, Joannin, Sébastien, Ménot, Guillemette, Blache, Marion, Mary, Robles, Dugerdil, Lucas, Brugiapaglia, E, Masi, Alessia, Florenzano, Assunta, Mercuri, Anna, Sadori, Laura, Peyron, Odile, Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution de Montpellier (UMR ISEM), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR226-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Laboratoire de Géologie de Lyon - Terre, Planètes, Environnement (LGL-TPE), École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR226-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Università degli Studi del Molise = University of Molise (UNIMOL), Dipartimento di biologia ambientale, Università degli Studi di Roma 'La Sapienza' = Sapienza University [Rome] (UNIROMA), Laboratory of Palynology and Palaeobotany, Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy, Dipartimento di Biologia Vegetale, Laboratoire de chrono-écologie - CNRS (UMR6565) (LCE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), and Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)
Subjects: [SDE]Environmental Sciences
Abstract: In the central Mediterranean region, many studies suggest that the Holocene is characterized by complex and different climatic trends on either side of latitude 40°N. This particularity in the regional climate system has been highlighted by multiple proxies showing contrasting trends of climate variations. Chironomid temperature-based reconstructions indicate the presence of a thermal optimum in Italy (10,000-7,000 cal. BP), contradicting the pollen-inferred quantification of Europe. Those discrepancies point to the need for further investigation concerning the Holocene climate of the Mediterranean region. To date, various studies have attempted to quantify the climate signal through different approaches without being able to propose a consistent climate reconstruction between proxies and sites.In this context, and in the frame of the ANR project AUTUMNS-LAMBS, a multi-proxy method (brGDGTs and pollen) has been developed to quantify the Holocene climate in the central Mediterranean through a regional approach using multiple sites in Italy and Greece. We show here the results mainly based on pollen data, which is based on a collection of multiple sites, extracted from international pollen databases (NEOTOMA or European Pollen Database). The pollen-inferred climate is quantified by a multimethod approach, using four different methods (MAT, WAPLS, BRT and RF) and three modern databases (regional and global).This study highlights similar climatic trends and inter-regional differences in the central Mediterranean region. Results show that not all of Europe is marked by a thermal optimum and that a longitudinal climatic gradient (40°N) in the central Mediterranean may have been present through the Holocene. In Italy, pollen and brGDGTs show a thermal optimum in the northern and central regions for the early and mid-Holocene, which is coherent with other proxies such as chironomids. This thermal optimum is less marked in southern regions of Italy, highlighting the climatic differences on either side of latitude 40°N. The late Holocene shows a climate shift between the north and the south, with a central region colder than the northern and southern ones. Moreover, the spatial heterogeneity of the Holocene climate needs to be further investigated for a better understanding of the special and temporal specificity of this climate period.
Published: 2023

11. Cereal remains, plant impressions and 14C direct dating from the Neolithic pottery of Arene Candide Cave (Finale Ligure, NW Italy)

Author: Marzia Gabriele, Chiara Panelli, Rosanna Caramiello, Roberto Maggi, Daniele Arobba, Museo Archeologico del Finale, Chiostri di Santa Caterina, Universita degli studi di Genova, Culture et Environnements, Préhistoire, Antiquité, Moyen-Age (CEPAM), Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA), Dipartimento di Biologia Vegetale, Università degli studi di Torino (UNITO), Géoazur (GEOAZUR 7329), Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA), Istituto Internazionale di Studi Liguri, and Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)
Subjects: 010506 paleontology, Archeology, geography.geographical_feature_category, 060102 archaeology, biology, [SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences, 06 humanities and the arts, 15. Life on land, biology.organism_classification, 01 natural sciences, Archaeology, Thelypteris palustris, Geography, Cave, Paleoethnobotany, Botany, 0601 history and archaeology, Fern, Hordeum vulgare, Pottery, Rubus, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Osmunda regalis
Abstract: The systematic examination of the VI and early V millennium BCE pottery from the Arene Candide Cave (Finale Ligure, Western Liguria) revealed several charred macroremains embedded in the paste, as well as imprints of a wide range of botanical remains. The analysis was conducted in stereomicroscopy (10–750 ×) on charred vegetal remains that were either extracted from the ceramic fabric or studied via intracavitary casts. Some of them were further investigated by SEM. Most of the bioclasts belong to cereals: Triticum monococcum , Triticum dicoccum , Hordeum vulgare and phytoliths of Pooideae. We also recognized endocarps belonging to Prunus mahaleb and Rubus cf. R . idaeus and woods of Rosaceae Prunoideae, Quercus t. ilex/coccifera , cf. Juniperus sp. and Pinus t. sylvestris . The imprints of fern fronds attributable to two typical of wetlands - Osmunda regalis and Thelypteris palustris – are of particular interest. The extraction of bioclasts allowed the identification and sampling of organic material suitable for 14 C analysis without damaging ceramics. This constitutes a feasible methodological alternative to those currently in use. The dates obtained on plant remains extracted from potsherds corroborate the currently proposed chrono-cultural seriation for the Impresso-Cardial Complex of the Ligurian-Provencal region.
Published: 2017
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12. Pezizomycetes genomes reveal the molecular basis of ectomycorrhizal truffle lifestyle

Author: Alan Kuo, Rhyan B. Dockter, Juan Chen, Shingo Miyauchi, Thibaut Payen, Benjamin Noel, François Le Tacon, Jean-Marc Aury, Minou Nowrousian, Mei Wang, Emmanuelle Morin, Annegret Kohler, Claude Murat, Petr Baldrian, Laure Fauchery, Julie Poulain, Lucia Žifčáková, Julie Guy, Claudia Riccioni, Corinne Da Silva, Francis Martin, László Nagy, Patrick Wincker, Richard Splivallo, Beatrice Belfiori, Fabienne Malagnac, Anna Lipzen, Paola Bonfante, Stefanie Traeger, Francesco Paolocci, Alicia Clum, Mirco Iotti, Yaron Sitrit, Elisabetta Levati, Igor V. Grigoriev, Alessandra Zambonelli, Barbara Montanini, Erika Lindquist, Joseph W. Spatafora, Kerrie Barry, Mathieu Hainaut, Andrea Rubini, Simone Ottonello, Virginie Molinier, Krisztina Krizsán, Raffaella Balestrini, Nicolas Cichocki, Daniel Wipf, Bernard Henrissat, Antonietta Mello, Interactions Arbres-Microorganismes (IAM), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Lorraine (UL), Genoscope - Centre national de séquençage [Evry] (GENOSCOPE), Université Paris-Saclay-Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), US Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, U.S Department of Energy, U.S. Department of Energy [Washington] (DOE)-U.S. Department of Energy [Washington] (DOE), Institute of medicinal plant development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Synthet & Syst Biol Unit, Hungarian Academy of Sciences (MTA), CNR, Ist Protez Piante, UOS Torino, Laboratory of Functional Genomics and Protein Engineering, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Unit, Department of Life Sciences, University of Parma = Università degli studi di Parma [Parme, Italie], Dept Life Sci, Biochem & Mol Biol Unit, Lab Funct Genom & Prot Engn, Joint Genome Institute, United States Department of Energy, Plant Genetics Institute, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche [Roma] (CNR), Department of Energy / Joint Genome Institute (DOE), Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), Génomique métabolique (UMR 8030), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université d'Évry-Val-d'Essonne (UEVE), Dipartimento Protez & Valorizzaz Agroalimentare, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna (UNIBO), Institut de génétique et microbiologie [Orsay] (IGM), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Istituto per la Protezione delle Piante, Agroécologie [Dijon], Université de Bourgogne (UB)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement, IPF – Integrative Fungal Research, Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main, Institut für biologie und biotechnologie der pflanzen, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster (WWU), 0977 Unité associée de Biologie forestière, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Institute of Microbiology of the CAS, Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Oregon State University (OSU), Architecture et fonction des macromolécules biologiques (AFMB), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical and Health Science Center, Institut de Génomique d'Evry (IG), Institut de Biologie François JACOB (JACOB), Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, Dipartimento di Biologia Vegetale, Università degli studi di Torino (UNITO), French National Research Agency through the project SYSTRUF ANR-14-CE06-0020, ANR-09-STRA-10, French National Research Agency through the project SYMWOOD (Laboratory of Excellence Advanced Research on the Biology of Tree and Forest Ecosystems) ANR-11-LABX 0002 01, Office of Science of the US Department of Energy DE-AC02-05CH11231, France Genomique ANR-10-INBS-09, Region Lorraine Research Council, European Commission (European Regional Development Fund), University of Parma, Interuniversity Consortium for Biotechnologies, Piedmont Region, Czech Science Foundation 16-08916S, German Research Foundation NO407/7-1, Department of General and Molecular Botany, ANR-14-CE06-0020,FUNTUNE,Cocktails enzymatiques inspirés de modèles fongiques pour la déconstruction contrôlée de la biomasse végétale(2014), ANR-10-STRA-0010,COMANCHE,Interactions écosystémiques et impacts anthropiques dans les populations de Coquilles St-Jacques de la Manche(2010), ANR-11-LABX-0002,ARBRE,Recherches Avancées sur l'Arbre et les Ecosytèmes Forestiers(2011), ANR-10-INBS-0009,France-Génomique,Organisation et montée en puissance d'une Infrastructure Nationale de Génomique(2010), Université de Lorraine (UL)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), U.S. Department of Energy (DOE)-U.S. Department of Energy (DOE), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université d'Évry-Val-d'Essonne (UEVE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), ANR-10-INBS-09-01/10-INBS-0009,France-Génomique,Organisation et montée en puissance d'une Infrastructure Nationale de Génomique(2010), Murat, Claude, Payen, Thibaut, Noel, Benjamin, Kuo, Alan, Morin, Emmanuelle, Chen, Juan, Kohler, Annegret, Krizsán, Krisztina, Balestrini, Raffaella, Da Silva, Corinne, Montanini, Barbara, Hainaut, Mathieu, Levati, Elisabetta, Barry, Kerrie W., Belfiori, Beatrice, Cichocki, Nicola, Clum, Alicia, Dockter, Rhyan B., Fauchery, Laure, Guy, Julie, Iotti, Mirco, Le Tacon, Françoi, Lindquist, Erika A., Lipzen, Anna, Malagnac, Fabienne, Mello, Antonietta, Molinier, Virginie, Miyauchi, Shingo, Poulain, Julie, Riccioni, Claudia, Rubini, Andrea, Sitrit, Yaron, Splivallo, Richard, Traeger, Stefanie, Wang, Mei, Žifčáková, Lucia, Wipf, Daniel, Zambonelli, Alessandra, Paolocci, Francesco, Nowrousian, Minou, Ottonello, Simone, Baldrian, Petr, Spatafora, Joseph W., Henrissat, Bernard, Nagy, Laszlo G., Aury, Jean-Marc, Wincker, Patrick, Grigoriev, Igor V., Bonfante, Paola, Martin, Francis M., Università degli studi di Parma = University of Parma (UNIPR), National Research Council of Italy | Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster = University of Münster (WWU), Unité associée de biologie forestière, Université Paris-Saclay-Institut de Biologie François JACOB (JACOB), Università degli studi di Torino = University of Turin (UNITO), and MURAT-FURMINIEUX, Claude
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, volatile organic compound, tuber (truffles), [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], champignon, Pezizomycetes, truffle, Tuber aestivum, Mycorrhizae, DNA, Fungal, Life History Traits, Phylogeny, 2. Zero hunger, Truffle, Genome, biology, Ecology, composé organique volatil, food and beverages, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Tuberaceae, Fungal, expression différentielle, Genome, Fungal, Sequence Analysis, tuber, Evolution, no key words, 03 medical and health sciences, truffe, Behavior and Systematics, Ascomycota, Phylogenetics, ddc:570, Botany, Choiromyces, Genetics, Symbiosis, Comparative genomics, Human Genome, fungi, Sequence Analysis, DNA, DNA, champignon ectomycorhizien, 15. Life on land, biology.organism_classification, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematic, 030104 developmental biology, Tuber melanosporum
Abstract: Tuberaceae is one of the most diverse lineages of symbiotic truffle-forming fungi. To understand the molecular underpinning of the ectomycorrhizal truffle lifestyle, we compared the genomes of Piedmont white truffle (Tuber magnatum), Périgord black truffle (Tuber melanosporum), Burgundy truffle (Tuber aestivum), pig truffle (Choiromyces venosus) and desert truffle (Terfezia boudieri) to saprotrophic Pezizomycetes. Reconstructed gene duplication/loss histories along a time-calibrated phylogeny of Ascomycetes revealed that Tuberaceae-specific traits may be related to a higher gene diversification rate. Genomic features in Tuber species appear to be very similar, with high transposon content, few genes coding lignocellulose-degrading enzymes, a substantial set of lineage-specific fruiting-body-upregulated genes and high expression of genes involved in volatile organic compound metabolism. Developmental and metabolic pathways expressed in ectomycorrhizae and fruiting bodies of T. magnatum and T. melanosporum are unexpectedly very similar, owing to the fact that they diverged ~100 Ma. Volatile organic compounds from pungent truffle odours are not the products of Tuber-specific gene innovations, but rely on the differential expression of an existing gene repertoire. These genomic resources will help to address fundamental questions in the evolution of the truffle lifestyle and the ecology of fungi that have been praised as food delicacies for centuries.
Published: 2018
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13. Circum-mediterranean fire activity and climate changes during the mid-holocene environmental transition (8500-2500 cal. BP)

Author: Willy Tinner, Walter Finsinger, Boris Vannière, Michel Magny, Neil Roberts, Patrick J. Bartlein, Daniele Colombaroli, Verushka Valsecchi, Graciela Gil-Romera, Laura Sadori, Petra Kaltenrieder, Rebecca Turner, Roberta Pini, José S. Carrión, Mitchell J. Power, Anne-Laure Daniau, Elisa Vescovi, Laboratoire Chrono-environnement - CNRS - UBFC (UMR 6249) (LCE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Oeschger Centre for Climate Change Research (OCCR), University of Bern, Institute of Plant Sciences, Department of Geography and Earth Sciences (DGES), Aberystwyth University, Dipartimento di Biologia Vegetale, Università degli Studi di Roma 'La Sapienza' = Sapienza University [Rome], Department of Health and Human Services, National Institutes of Health [Bethesda] (NIH), Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), and Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Mediterranean climate, 010506 paleontology, Archeology, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, insolation, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, Climate change, Mediterranean, 01 natural sciences, Mediterranean Basin, Latitude, charcoal, fire, holocene, mediterranean, paleoclimate, [SDV.SA.SF]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Silviculture, forestry, Paleoclimatology, medicine, Charcoal, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, Holocene, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Earth-Surface Processes, Global and Planetary Change, Ecology, Paleontology, 15. Life on land, Seasonality, [SDV.BV.BOT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology/Botanics, medicine.disease, [SDV.BIBS]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Quantitative Methods [q-bio.QM], [SDE.ES]Environmental Sciences/Environmental and Society, Oceanography, 13. Climate action, visual_art, visual_art.visual_art_medium, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Geology
Abstract: A mid- to late-Holocene synthesis of fire activity from the Mediterranean basin explores the linkages among fire, climate variability and seasonality through several climatic and ecological transitions. Regional fire histories were created from 36 radiocarbon-dated sedimentary charcoal records, available from the Global Charcoal Database. During the mid-Holocene ‘Thermal Maximum’ around 7500—4500 cal. BP, charcoal records from the northern Mediterranean suggest an increase in fire while records from the southern Mediterranean indicate a decrease associated with wetter-than-present summers. A North—South partition between 40° and 43°N latitude is apparent in the central and western Mediterranean. Relatively abrupt changes in fire activity are observed c. 5500—5000 cal. BP. Records of Holocene fire activity appear sensitive to both orbitally forced climate changes and shorter-lived excursions which may be related to North Atlantic cold events, possibly modulated by an NAO-like climate mechanism. In cases where human—fire interactions have been documented, the regional coherency between fire occurrence and climate forcing suggests a dominant fire—climate relationship during the early—mid Holocene. The human influence on regional fire activity became increasingly important after c. 4000—3000 cal. BP. Results also suggest that: (1) teleconnections between the Mediterranean area and other climatic regions, in particular the North Atlantic and the low latitudes monsoon areas, influenced past fire activity; (2) gradual forcing, such as changes in orbital parameters, may have triggered abrupt shifts in fire activity; (3) regional fire reconstructions contradict former notions of a gradual (mid- to late-Holocene) aridification of the entire region due to climate and/or human activities and the importance of shorter-term events; (4) Mediterranean fire activity appears hightly sensitive to climate dynamics and thus could be considerably impacted by future climate changes.
Published: 2011
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14. Unique arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal communities uncovered in date palm plantations and surrounding desert habitats of Southern Arabia

Author: Dirk Redecker, Marta Vallino, Andres Wiemken, Fritz Oehl, Paola Bonfante, Mohamed N. Al-Yahya’ei, Erica Lumini, Université de Bâle, Universita di Torino, Dipartimento di Biologia Vegetale, University of Turin, Microbiologie, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Bourgogne (UB), and University of Zurich
Subjects: Molecular Sequence Data, PALMIER DATTIER, Plant Science, Arecaceae, Zygophyllum, 142-005 142-005, Plant Roots, Date palm, Host Specificity, Trees, Southern Arabia, Glomeromycota, Soil, 1311 Genetics, Mycorrhizae, 1110 Plant Science, Botany, 1312 Molecular Biology, Genetics, Ruderal species, Arbuscular mycorrhiza, Desert, Molecular Biology, [SDV.MP.MYC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Mycology, Phylogeny, Soil Microbiology, Dry land, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Glomus, Original Paper, biology, Ecology, Arabia, Fungi, Biodiversity, Natural vegetation, General Medicine, Native plant, biology.organism_classification, 1105 Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Oasis, Phoenix dactylifera, Species richness, Desert Climate
Abstract: The main objective of this study was to shed light on the previously unknown arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal (AMF) communities in Southern Arabia. We explored AMF communities in two date palm (Phoenix dactylifera) plantations and the natural vegetation of their surrounding arid habitats. The plantations were managed traditionally in an oasis and according to conventional buidelines at an experimental station. Based on spore morphotyping, the AMF communities under the date palms appeared to be quite diverse at both plantations and more similar to each other than to the communities under the ruderal plant, Polygala erioptera, growing at the experimental station on the dry strip between the palm trees, and to the communities uncovered under the native vegetation (Zygophyllum hamiense, Salvadora persica, Prosopis cineraria, inter-plant area) of adjacent undisturbed arid habitat. AMF spore abundance and species richness were higher under date palms than under the ruderal and native plants. Sampling in a remote sand dune area under Heliotropium kotschyi yielded only two AMF morphospecies and only after trap culturing. Overall, 25 AMF morphospecies were detected encompassing all study habitats.Eighteen belonged to the genus Glomus including four undescribed species. Glomus sinuosum, a species typically found in undisturbed habitats, was the most frequently occurring morphospecies under the date palms. Using molecular tools, it was also found as a phylogenetic taxon associated with date palm roots. These roots were associated with nine phylogenetic taxa, among them eight from Glomus group A, but the majority could not be assigned to known morphospecies or to environmental sequences in public databases. Some phylogenetic taxa seemed to be site specific. Despite the use of group-specific primers and efficient trapping systems with a bait plant consortium, surprisingly, two of the globally most frequently found species, Glomus intraradices and Glomus mosseae, were not detected neither as phylogenetic taxa in the date palm roots nor as spores under the date palms, the intermediate ruderal plant, or the surrounding natural vegetation. The results highlight the uniqueness of AMF communities inhabiting these diverse habitats exposed to the harsh climatic conditions of Southern Arabia.
Published: 2010
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15. Gene expression profiling of the nitrogen starvation stress response in the mycorrhizal ascomycete Tuber borchii

Author: Annegret Kohler, Martina Peter, Michel Chalot, Francis Martin, Simone Ottonello, Paola Bonfante, Simona Abbà, Barbara Montanini, Silvia Gabella, Interactions Arbres-Microorganismes (IAM), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Lorraine (UL), University of Parma = Università degli studi di Parma [Parme, Italie], Dipartimento di Biologia Vegetale, and University of Turin
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Nitrogen, Molecular Sequence Data, 01 natural sciences, Microbiology, Fungal Proteins, 03 medical and health sciences, Ascomycota, Gene Expression Regulation, Fungal, Complementary DNA, Gene expression, Genetics, Amino Acid Sequence, Northern blot, Amino Acids, Promoter Regions, Genetic, Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis, 030304 developmental biology, 2. Zero hunger, [SDV.GEN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Genetics, 0303 health sciences, Fungal protein, Base Sequence, biology, Nitrogen deficiency, Gene Expression Profiling, Lipid Metabolism, biology.organism_classification, Gene expression profiling, Biochemistry, TUBER BORCHII, Carbohydrate Metabolism, DNA microarray, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract: International audience; The focus of this work is on the nitrogen starvation stress responses operating in a plant symbiotic fungus. A cDNA array profiling analysis was conducted on N-limited mycelia of the mycorrhizal ascomycete Tuber borchii. Fifty-one unique transcripts, out of 2062 redundant arrayed cDNAs, were differentially expressed by at least 1.5-fold in response to N deprivation. Only two N assimilation components—a nitrate transporter and a high-affinity ammonium transporter—were found among differentially expressed genes. All the other N status responsive genes code for as yet unidentified hypothetical proteins or components not directly involved in N assimilation or metabolism, especially carbohydrate binding proteins and oligosaccharide as well as lipid modifying enzymes. A subset of cDNA array data were confirmed and extended by Northern blot analysis, which showed that most of the latter components respond not only to nitrogen, but also to carbon source depletion.
Published: 2006
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16. A key continental archive for the last 2 Ma of climatic history of the central Mediterranean region: A pilot drilling in the Fucino Basin, central Italy

Author: B. Giaccio1, E. Regattieri1, G. Zanchetta2, B. Wagner3, P. Galli1, 4, G. Mannella2, E. Niespolo5, E. Peronace1, P. R. Renne5, 6, S. Nomade7, G. P. Cavinato1, P. Messina1, A. Sposato1, C. Boschi8, F. Florindo9, F. Marra9, L. Sadori10, Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra, University of Pisa - Università di Pisa, Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Paléocéanographie (PALEOCEAN), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia - Sezione di Bologna (INGV), Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Dipartimento di Biologia Vegetale, Università degli Studi di Roma 'La Sapienza' = Sapienza University [Rome], Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Università degli Studi di Roma 'La Sapienza' = Sapienza University [Rome] (UNIROMA)
Subjects: Marine isotope stage, Mediterranean climate, Energy Engineering and Power Technology, Mechanical Engineering, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Ecological succession, Present day, Structural basin, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, glacial-interglacial cycles, Isotopes of oxygen, Paleontology, Albani volcanic district, hydrological variability, Apennines, evolution, deposits, isotopes, record, Pleistocene, lakes, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, lcsh:QE1-996.5, MIS 6, lacustrine sediments, lcsh:Geology, Tectonics, 13. Climate action, Sedimentary rock, Fucino Basin, Geology
Abstract: An 82 m long sedimentary succession was retrieved from the Fucino Basin, the largest intermountain tectonic depression of the central Apennines. The basin hosts a succession of fine-grained lacustrine sediments (ca. 900 m-thick) possibly continuously spanning the last 2 Ma. A preliminary tephrostratigraphy study allows us to ascribe the drilled 82 m long record to the last 180 ka. Multi-proxy geochemical analyses (XRF scanning, total organic/inorganic carbon, nitrogen and sulfur, oxygen isotopes) reveal noticeable variations, which are interpreted as paleohydrological and paleoenvironmental expressions related to classical glacial–interglacial cycles from the marine isotope stage (MIS) 6 to present day. In light of the preliminary results, the Fucino sedimentary succession is likely to provide a long, continuous, sensitive, and independently dated paleoclimatic archive of the central Mediterranean area.
Published: 2015
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17. Rôle des canaux ionique dans la mort cellulaire induit par stress osmotique

Author: Monetti, Emanuela, Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire des Energies de Demain (LIED (UMR_8236)), Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, Università degli studi (Florence, Italie). Dipartimento di biologia vegetale, and Stefano Mancuso
Subjects: Canaux ioniques, Hyperosmotic stresses, Ion channels, Stress hyperosmotiques, [SDV.BV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology, Mort cellulaire programmée, Programmed cell death
Abstract: The work presented in the present thesis relates to the role of ion channels in response to (ionic and non-ionic) hyperosmotic stresses and their interactions with signaling events leading to PCD in plant. Early cell responses such as cytosolic calcium increase and ROS production classically involved in PCD process, seems not to be involved in hyperosmotic-induced cell death in BY2 tobacco and A. thaliana cultured cells. When BY2 tobacco cells were subjected to hyperosmotic stress, an early influx of sodium through non-selective cation channels participates in the development of PCD through mitochondrial dysfunction and NADPH-oxidase-dependent O2•– generation. On the contrary, non-ionic hyperosmotic stress resulted in an early decrease in anion currents. To further investigate the role of anion channels in non-ionic hyperosmotic stress further experiments were conducted by using A.thaliana cells of the anion channel mutant SLAC1. Results showed that the delayed activation of SLAC1 channels was involved in the non-ionic hyperosmotic stress induced pathway leading to cell death. Interestingly, the early anion channel activity decrease could participate to signalisation or osmotic adjustment allowing cell adaptation and survival, when a second set of events, namely superoxide anion (O2•-) generation by NADPH-oxidase and anion channel activation could participate in PCD development of a part of the cell population. In addition, the potential role of small peptides belonging to the FMRFamide-like peptide (FLP) family described in metazoan in osmoregulation in A. thaliana was investigated. By using synthetic peptides, based on FLPs homolog genes existing in A. thaliana, it was possible to demonstrate that these putative FLPs are involved in hyperosmotic stress response. Overall, the present work shed light on the importance and the complexity of ion channels regulation in the signaling pathways and the processes leading to PCD; Le travaux présenté dans cette thèse concerne le rôle des canaux ioniques de la membrane plasmique en réponse à des stress salins et non salins ainsi qu’aux interactions possibles avec d’autres événements de signalisation conduisant à la mort cellulaire programmée (PCD). Nous avons montré que les réponses cellulaires précoces: tels que l`augmentation du calcium cytosolique et la production de ROS, classiquement impliqués lors de la PCD, ne semblaient pas être impliqué dans la mort cellulaire induite par les stress hyperosmotiques chez les cellules en culture de tabacco BY2 ou d’A. thaliana. Nous avons montré que, dans les cas de stress salin chez les cellules de BY2 un influx précoce de sodium à travers des canaux cationiques non spécifiques participe au développement de la PCD en entraînant un disfonctionement mitochondrial et la production de O2• - par des NADPH oxydases. Dans le cas de stress hyperosmotique non-ionique, nous avons observé une diminaution précoce de l’intensité des courants anioniques. Afin de poursuivre l’étude du rôle des canaux anioniques lors du stress hyperosmotique non salin, nous avons utilisé des cellules A.thaliana nous permettant de travailler avec le mutant de canal anionique SLAC1. Nous avons constaté que l’activation retardée des canaux SLAC1 participait au développement de la PCD induite par un stress hyperosmotique non salin. La réduction précoce de l'activité des canaux anioniques pourrait participer à la signalisation ou l'ajustement osmotique permettant l'adaptation et la survie cellulaire alors que des évènements retardés, à savoir la production d'anion superoxyde (O2• -) par les NADPH-oxydases et l'activation des canaux anioniques pourraient participer au développement de la PCD d'une partie de la population cellulaire. Nous avons aussi étudié le rôle potentiel des petits peptides appartenant à la famille des peptides FMRFamide décrite chez les métazoaires à l'osmorégulation chez des cellules d’A. thaliana. Des génes susceptibles de coder de tels peptides sont en effet présent dans le génome d’A. thaliana. En utilisant des peptides synthétiques, nous avons montré que ces FLPS putatifs pourraient participer aux réponses induites losr de stress hyperosmotique chez les plantes. Ce travail illustre la complexité et l'importance de la régulation des canaux ioniques dans les voies de signalisation et les processus conduisant à la PCD
Published: 2014

18. Soil algae from northern Victoria Land (Antarctica)

Author: Paolo, Cavacini and Dipartimento di Biologia Vegetale, Universita degli Studi 'La Sapienza'
Subjects: algae, floristic, Antarctica, cyanobacteria, soil
Abstract: Samples of dry mineral soil with no apparent algal vegetation were collected from 20 locations of northern Victoria Land (Antarctica) to determine their microalgal content. Direct microscopic examination and cultures revealed the presence of 63 taxa, mostly represented by Chlorophyta (29 taxa) and Cyanobacteria (22 taxa). Other components observed included Xanthophyta (9 taxa) and Bacillariophyta (3 taxa). Descriptions of the 15 species newly recorded for Continental Antarctica or the whole of Antarctica are given. A comparison among other studies shows that northern Victoria Land edaphic microflora only partially corresponds with the microflora present in other locations of Victoria Land or in other areas of Antarctica.
Published: 2001

19. Geoarchaeology confirms location of the ancient harbour basin of Ostia (Italy)

Author: Laura Sadori, Elisa Pleuger, Jonatan Christiansen, Ferréol Salomon, C. Pepe, Giulia Boetto, Jean-Philippe Goiran, Jean-Paul Bravard, Cécile Vittori, Pascal Arnaud, Angelo Pellegrino, Ilaria Mazzini, ARCHEORIENT - Environnements et sociétés de l'Orient ancien (Archéorient), Université Lumière - Lyon 2 (UL2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre Camille Jullian - Histoire et archéologie de la Méditerranée et de l'Afrique du Nord de la protohistoire à la fin de l'Antiquité (CCJ), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Dipartimento di Biologia Vegetale, Università degli Studi di Roma 'La Sapienza' = Sapienza University [Rome] (UNIROMA), and Università degli Studi di Roma 'La Sapienza' = Sapienza University [Rome]
Subjects: 010506 paleontology, Archeology, [SHS.ARCHEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory, Stratigraphy, Rome, Harbour, Geoarchaeology, Ostia, Tiber, Mediterranean Sea, Structural basin, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, Mediterranean sea, Sequence stratigraphy, Sea level, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, computer.programming_language, [SHS.GEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Geography, Archaeology, Siltation, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Sedimentary rock, [SHS.HIST]Humanities and Social Sciences/History, computer, Geology
Abstract: To the northwest of the ancient city of Ostia, the analysis of cores revealed a stratigraphic sequence, which we interpret as the filling of a harbour basin. This basin, located at the west of the so-called "Palazzo Imperiale" presents seven characteristics: (1) The maximum depth is 6 m below the Roman sea level. This depth allowed any type of ship (even heavy tonnage) to access the harbour. (2) A chronostratigraphic gap at -6 m below Roman sea level suggests digging operations in the basin (or subsequent dredging) that have caused the loss of sedimentary archives. (3) The filling consists of dark clays typical of a quiet environment but open to marine and river influences. (4) The dates at the base of this sequence give a range between the 4th and the 2nd century BC. (5) In the harbour sequence, a fades change at -2.5 m under the Roman sea level involves a change in the processes of sedimentation and/or operation. (6) No later than the beginning of the 1st century AD, the thickness of the water column in the basin is less than 50 cm and seems to be caused by a massive siltation following a succession of floods of the Tiber. (7) This basin was thus already abandoned during the start-up of Portus. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Published: 2014
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20. Contrasting patterns of climatic changes during the Holocene across the Italian Peninsula reconstructed from pollen data

Author: Laura Sadori, Elisabetha Brugiapaglia, G. Garfi, Simon Goring, J.-L. de Beaulieu, Michel Magny, Odile Peyron, Chryssanthi Ioakim, Sébastien Joannin, Katerina Kouli, Nathalie Combourieu-Nebout, Laboratoire Chrono-environnement - CNRS - UBFC (UMR 6249) (LCE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Dpt of Geography, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Institut méditerranéen de biodiversité et d'écologie marine et continentale (IMBE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UMR237-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Avignon Université (AU), Università degli Studi del Molise, Dipartimento di Biologia Vegetale, Università degli Studi di Roma 'La Sapienza' = Sapienza University [Rome], Istituto di Genetica Vegetale, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche [Roma] (CNR), National and Kapodistrian University of Athens (NKUA), Institute of geology and mineral exploration - Athens (IGME), IGME, Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Paléocéanographie (PALEOCEAN), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), ANR-07-BLAN-0009,LAMA,Holocene changes in environment and climate, and history of human societies in Central Mediterranean as reflected by LAke and MArine records(2007), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement ( LCE ), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté ( UBFC ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université de Franche-Comté ( UFC ), University of Wisconsin-Madison [Madison], Institut méditerranéen de biodiversité et d'écologie marine et continentale ( IMBE ), Université d'Avignon et des Pays de Vaucluse ( UAPV ) -Aix Marseille Université ( AMU ) -Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UMR237-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Università degli Studi di Roma 'La Sapienza' [Rome], Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche [Roma] ( CNR ), University of Athens, Institute of geology and mineral exploration - Athens ( IGME ), Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] ( LSCE ), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines ( UVSQ ) -Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives ( CEA ) -Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), ANR-07-BLAN-0009,LAMA,Holocene changes in environment and climate, and history of human societies in Central Mediterranean as reflected by LAke and MArine records ( 2007 ), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement (UMR 6249) (LCE), Avignon Université (AU)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UMR237-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Università degli Studi del Molise = University of Molise (UNIMOL), Università degli Studi di Roma 'La Sapienza' = Sapienza University [Rome] (UNIROMA), National Research Council of Italy | Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Mediterranean climate, 010506 paleontology, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Stratigraphy, lcsh:Environmental protection, Multiple methods, medicine.disease_cause, 01 natural sciences, lcsh:Environmental pollution, Peninsula, Pollen, medicine, lcsh:TD169-171.8, Precipitation, Holocene, lcsh:Environmental sciences, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, lcsh:GE1-350, Global and Planetary Change, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, Generalized additive model, Paleontology, Northern italy, 13. Climate action, [SDU.STU.CL]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Climatology, Climatology, pollen, lcsh:TD172-193.5, holocene, [ SDU.STU.CL ] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Climatology, Geology
Abstract: Lake-level records from Italy suggest that patterns of precipitation in the central Mediterranean during the Holocene were divided between the north and south, but a scarcity of reliable palaeoclimatic records in the north and central-southern Mediterranean means new evidence is needed to validate this hypothesis. We provide robust quantitative estimates of Holocene climate in the Mediterranean region using four high-resolution pollen records from northern (Lakes Ledro and Accesa) and southern (Lakes Trifoglietti and Pergusa) Italy. Multiple methods are used to provide an improved assessment of the palaeoclimatic reconstruction uncertainty. The multi-method approach uses the pollen-based weighted averaging, weighted-average partial least-squares regression, modern analogue technique, and the non-metric multidimensional scaling/generalized additive model methods. We use independent lake-level data to validate the precipitation reconstructions. Our results support a climatic partition between northern and southern Italy during the Holocene, confirming the hypothesis of opposing mid-Holocene summer precipitation regimes in the Mediterranean. The northern sites (Ledro, Accesa) are characterized by minima for summer precipitation and lake levels during the early to mid-Holocene, while the southern sites (Trifoglietti, Pergusa) are marked by maxima for precipitation and lake levels at the same time. Both pollen-inferred precipitation and lake levels indicate the opposite pattern during the late Holocene, a maximum in northern Italy and a minimum in southern Italy/Sicily. Summer temperatures show the same partitioning, with warm conditions in northern Italy and cool conditions in Sicily during the early/mid-Holocene, and a reversal during the late Holocene. Comparison with marine cores from the Aegean Sea suggests that climate trends and gradients observed in Italy show strong similarities with those recognized from the Aegean Sea, and more generally speaking in the eastern Mediterranean.
Published: 2013
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21. North-south palaeohydrological contrasts in the central Mediterranean during the Holocene: tentative synthesis and working hypotheses

Author: Flavio S. Anselmetti, Bernd Wagner, Elena Ortu, Nathalie Combourieu-Nebout, Maxime Debret, Laurent Millet, Nejib Kallel, Viviane Bout-Roumazeilles, Marc Desmet, Sébastien Joannin, Odile Peyron, L. Essallami, Marie-Alexandrine Sicre, Marie Revel, Didier Galop, Jean Nicolas Haas, Adrian Gilli, Laura Sadori, Alexander Francke, Boris Vannière, Giovanni Zanchetta, Daniele Colombaroli, J.-L. de Beaulieu, Elisabetha Brugiapaglia, Julien Didier, Stéphanie Desprat, Giuseppe Siani, Agnès Stock, Michel Magny, Willy Tinner, Anaëlle Simonneau, J. L. Turon, Stéphanie Samartin, Emmanuel Chapron, Stefanie B. Wirth, Laboratoire Chrono-environnement (UMR 6249) (LCE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Paléocéanographie (PALEOCEAN), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut méditerranéen de biodiversité et d'écologie marine et continentale (IMBE), Avignon Université (AU)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UMR237-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Géosystèmes - UMR 8217, Université de Lille, Sciences et Technologies-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Oeschger Centre for Climate Change Research (OCCR), University of Bern, Environnements et Paléoenvironnements OCéaniques (EPOC), Observatoire aquitain des sciences de l'univers (OASU), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1 (UB)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1 (UB)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institute for Geology & Mineralogy Cologne, Université de Cologne, Maison des Sciences de l'Homme et de l'Environnement Claude Nicolas Ledoux (UAR 3124) (MSHE), Géoazur (GEOAZUR 6526), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (1965 - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Dipartimento di Biologia Vegetale, Università degli Studi di Roma 'La Sapienza' = Sapienza University [Rome] (UNIROMA), Géosciences Paris Sud (GEOPS), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut des Sciences de la Terre d'Orléans - UMR7327 (ISTO), Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra, University of Pisa - Università di Pisa, Swiss Federal Insitute of Aquatic Science and Technology [Dübendorf] (EAWAG), Dpto di Scienze Animali, Vegetali e dell'Ambiente, Università degli Studi del Molise = University of Molise (UNIMOL), Morphodynamique Continentale et Côtière (M2C), Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Géographie de l'environnement (GEODE), Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Geological Institute, Unité GEOGLOB, Faculté des Sciences de Sfax, Université de Sfax - University of Sfax-Université de Sfax - University of Sfax, French C.N.R.S. project HotMED-Paleomex in the programme MISTRALS, Swiss National Science Foundation grant PPOOP2-114886, ANR-07-BLAN-0009,LAMA,Holocene changes in environment and climate, and history of human societies in Central Mediterranean as reflected by LAke and MArine records(2007), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement ( LCE ), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté ( UBFC ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université de Franche-Comté ( UFC ), Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] ( LSCE ), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines ( UVSQ ) -Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives ( CEA ) -Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Institut méditerranéen de biodiversité et d'écologie marine et continentale ( IMBE ), Université d'Avignon et des Pays de Vaucluse ( UAPV ) -Aix Marseille Université ( AMU ) -Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UMR237-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Géosystèmes Université Lille 1, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Oeschger Centre for Climate Change Research ( OCCR ), Environnements et Paléoenvironnements OCéaniques ( EPOC ), Observatoire aquitain des sciences de l'univers ( OASU ), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers ( INSU - CNRS ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers ( INSU - CNRS ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -École pratique des hautes études ( EPHE ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Maison des Sciences de l'Homme et de l'Environnement Claude Nicolas Ledoux ( MSHE ), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université de Franche-Comté ( UFC ), Géoazur ( GEOAZUR ), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 ( UPMC ) -Université Nice Sophia Antipolis ( UNS ), Université Côte d'Azur ( UCA ) -Université Côte d'Azur ( UCA ) -Institut national des sciences de l'Univers ( INSU - CNRS ) -Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, Université Côte d'Azur ( UCA ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Università degli Studi di Roma 'La Sapienza' [Rome], Géosciences Paris Sud ( GEOPS ), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 ( UP11 ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Institut des Sciences de la Terre d'Orléans - UMR7327 ( ISTO ), Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) ( BRGM ) -Institut national des sciences de l'Univers ( INSU - CNRS ) -Université d'Orléans ( UO ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Università di Pisa, EAWAG Swiss Federal Institut for Env. Sc. & Tech., Swiss Federal Institut for Env. Sc. & Tech., Università degli studi del Molise, Morphodynamique Continentale et Côtière ( M2C ), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université de Rouen Normandie ( UNIROUEN ), Normandie Université ( NU ) -Normandie Université ( NU ) -Institut national des sciences de l'Univers ( INSU - CNRS ) -Université de Caen Normandie ( UNICAEN ), Normandie Université ( NU ), Géographie de l'environnement ( GEODE ), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès ( UT2J ), Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Zürich ( ETH Zürich ), Faculté des sciences de Sfax, ANR-07-BLAN-0009,LAMA,Holocene changes in environment and climate, and history of human societies in Central Mediterranean as reflected by LAke and MArine records ( 2007 ), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement - CNRS - UBFC (UMR 6249) (LCE), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UMR237-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Avignon Université (AU), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Maison des Sciences de l'Homme et de l'Environnement Claude Nicolas Ledoux (MSHE), Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Università degli Studi di Roma 'La Sapienza' = Sapienza University [Rome], Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM), and Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Mediterranean climate, 010506 paleontology, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, lcsh:Environmental protection, Stratigraphy, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, Holocene climatic optimum, Climate change, 580 Plants (Botany), Monsoon, 01 natural sciences, Mediterranean Basin, Panoply, lcsh:Environmental pollution, [ SDU.ENVI ] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, lcsh:TD169-171.8, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, 550 Earth sciences & geology, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, lcsh:Environmental sciences, Holocene, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, lcsh:GE1-350, Global and Planetary Change, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, Paleontology, 15. Life on land, [ SDE.MCG ] Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, [SDU.STU.CL]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Climatology, 13. Climate action, North Atlantic oscillation, Climatology, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, lcsh:TD172-193.5, Ice sheet, Geology
Abstract: On the basis of a multi-proxy approach and a strategy combining lacustrine and marine records along a north–south transect, data collected in the central Mediterranean within the framework of a collaborative project have led to reconstruction of high-resolution and well-dated palaeohydrological records and to assessment of their spatial and temporal coherency. Contrasting patterns of palaeohydrological changes have been evidenced in the central Mediterranean: south (north) of around 40° N of latitude, the middle part of the Holocene was characterised by lake-level maxima (minima), during an interval dated to ca. 10 300–4500 cal BP to the south and 9000–4500 cal BP to the north. Available data suggest that these contrasting palaeohydrological patterns operated throughout the Holocene, both on millennial and centennial scales. Regarding precipitation seasonality, maximum humidity in the central Mediterranean during the middle part of the Holocene was characterised by humid winters and dry summers north of ca. 40° N, and humid winters and summers south of ca. 40° N. This may explain an apparent conflict between palaeoclimatic records depending on the proxies used for reconstruction as well as the synchronous expansion of tree species taxa with contrasting climatic requirements. In addition, south of ca. 40° N, the first millennium of the Holocene was characterised by very dry climatic conditions not only in the eastern, but also in the central- and the western Mediterranean zones as reflected by low lake levels and delayed reforestation. These results suggest that, in addition to the influence of the Nile discharge reinforced by the African monsoon, the deposition of Sapropel 1 has been favoured (1) by an increase in winter precipitation in the northern Mediterranean borderlands, and (2) by an increase in winter and summer precipitation in the southern Mediterranean area. The climate reversal following the Holocene climate optimum appears to have been punctuated by two major climate changes around 7500 and 4500 cal BP. In the central Mediterranean, the Holocene palaeohydrological changes developed in response to a combination of orbital, ice-sheet and solar forcing factors. The maximum humidity interval in the south-central Mediterranean started ca. 10 300 cal BP, in correlation with the decline (1) of the possible blocking effects of the North Atlantic anticyclone linked to maximum insolation, and/or (2) of the influence of the remnant ice sheets and fresh water forcing in the North Atlantic Ocean. In the north-central Mediterranean, the lake-level minimum interval began only around 9000 cal BP when the Fennoscandian ice sheet disappeared and a prevailing positive NAO-(North Atlantic Oscillation) type circulation developed in the North Atlantic area. The major palaeohydrological oscillation around 4500–4000 cal BP may be a non-linear response to the gradual decrease in insolation, with additional key seasonal and interhemispheric changes. On a centennial scale, the successive climatic events which punctuated the entire Holocene in the central Mediterranean coincided with cooling events associated with deglacial outbursts in the North Atlantic area and decreases in solar activity during the interval 11 700–7000 cal BP, and to a possible combination of NAO-type circulation and solar forcing since ca. 7000 cal BP onwards. Thus, regarding the centennial-scale climatic oscillations, the Mediterranean Basin appears to have been strongly linked to the North Atlantic area and affected by solar activity over the entire Holocene. In addition to model experiments, a better understanding of forcing factors and past atmospheric circulation patterns behind the Holocene palaeohydrological changes in the Mediterranean area will require further investigation to establish additional high-resolution and well-dated records in selected locations around the Mediterranean Basin and in adjacent regions. Special attention should be paid to greater precision in the reconstruction, on millennial and centennial timescales, of changes in the latitudinal location of the limit between the northern and southern palaeohydrological Mediterranean sectors, depending on (1) the intensity and/or characteristics of climatic periods/oscillations (e.g. Holocene thermal maximum versus Neoglacial, as well as, for instance, the 8.2 ka event versus the 4 ka event or the Little Ice Age); and (2) on varying geographical conditions from the western to the eastern Mediterranean areas (longitudinal gradients). Finally, on the basis of projects using strategically located study sites, there is a need to explore possible influences of other general atmospheric circulation patterns than NAO, such as the East Atlantic–West Russian or North Sea–Caspian patterns, in explaining the apparent complexity of palaeoclimatic (palaeohydrological) Holocene records from the Mediterranean area. ISSN:1814-9324 ISSN:1814-9332
Published: 2013
Full Text: View/download PDF

22. The transition from natural to anthropogenic-dominated environmental change in Italy and the surrounding regions since the Neolithic : an introduction

Author: Mauro Cremaschi, Laura Sadori, Michel Magny, Monica Bini, Giovanni Zanchetta, Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra, Università di Pisa, Laboratoire Chrono-environnement ( LCE ), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté ( UBFC ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université de Franche-Comté ( UFC ), University of Pisa - Università di Pisa, Laboratoire Chrono-environnement - CNRS - UBFC (UMR 6249) (LCE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Dipartimento di Biologia Vegetale, Università degli Studi di Roma 'La Sapienza' = Sapienza University [Rome], and Laboratoire Chrono-environnement - CNRS - UFC (UMR 6249) (LCE)
Subjects: 010506 paleontology, Geography, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Environmental change, Environmental protection, [SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences, [ SDU.STU ] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences, 01 natural sciences, Natural (archaeology), ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Earth-Surface Processes
Abstract: International audience
Published: 2013

23. The transition from natural to anthropogenic-dominated environmental change in Italy and the surrounding regions since the Neolithic : an introduction

Author: Zanchetta , G., Bini , M., Cremaschi , M., Magny , M., Magny , Michel, Sadori , L., Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra, Università di Pisa, Laboratoire Chrono-environnement ( LCE ), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté ( UBFC ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université de Franche-Comté ( UFC ), Dipartimento di Biologia Vegetale, and Università degli Studi di Roma 'La Sapienza' [Rome]
Subjects: [ SDU.STU ] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract: International audience
Published: 2013

24. From natural to Anthropogenic-dominated environment: the case of the Central Mediterranean

Author: Zanchetta, G., Bini, M., Marco Cremaschi, Magny, M., Sadori, L., Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra, University of Pisa - Università di Pisa, Laboratoire Chrono-environnement - CNRS - UBFC (UMR 6249) (LCE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Quaternary International, Università di Pisa, Laboratoire Chrono-environnement ( LCE ), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté ( UBFC ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université de Franche-Comté ( UFC ), Dipartimento di Biologia Vegetale, Università degli Studi di Roma 'La Sapienza' [Rome], and Università degli Studi di Roma 'La Sapienza' = Sapienza University [Rome]
Subjects: [SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences, [ SDU.STU ] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract: International audience
Published: 2013

25. Holocene vegetation and climate changes in the central Mediterranean inferred from a high-resolution marine pollen record (Adriatic Sea)

Author: Laura Sadori, Giuseppe Siani, Simon Goring, Viviane Bout-Roumazeilles, Isabelle Dormoy, Sébastien Joannin, Odile Peyron, Nathalie Combourieu-Nebout, Michel Magny, Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] ( LSCE ), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines ( UVSQ ) -Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives ( CEA ) -Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Centre de Bio-Archéologie et d'Ecologie ( CBAE ), Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques ( UM2 ) -École pratique des hautes études ( EPHE ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Géosystèmes Université Lille 1, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Dpt of Geography, University of Wisconsin-Madison [Madison], Laboratoire Chrono-environnement ( LCE ), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté ( UBFC ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université de Franche-Comté ( UFC ), School of Environment & Development, University of Manchester [Manchester], Dipartimento di Biologia Vegetale, Università degli Studi di Roma 'La Sapienza' [Rome], Géosciences Paris Sud ( GEOPS ), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 ( UP11 ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Paléocéanographie (PALEOCEAN), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Centre de Bio-Archéologie et d'Ecologie (CBAE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Wisconsin-Madison, Laboratoire Chrono-environnement - CNRS - UBFC (UMR 6249) (LCE), Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), School of Environment, Education and Development [Manchester] (SEED), Università degli Studi di Roma 'La Sapienza' = Sapienza University [Rome], Géosciences Paris Sud (GEOPS), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), The publication of this article is financed by CNRS-INSU, Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Géosystèmes - UMR 8217, Université de Lille, Sciences et Technologies-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement (UMR 6249) (LCE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), and Università degli Studi di Roma 'La Sapienza' = Sapienza University [Rome] (UNIROMA)
Subjects: Mediterranean climate, 010506 paleontology, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Stratigraphy, lcsh:Environmental protection, Holocene climatic optimum, Climate change, [SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences, 01 natural sciences, lcsh:Environmental pollution, lcsh:TD169-171.8, Younger Dryas, Holocene, lcsh:Environmental sciences, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, lcsh:GE1-350, Global and Planetary Change, Paleontology, [ SDU.STU ] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences, 15. Life on land, Before Present, Oceanography, Preboreal, 13. Climate action, lcsh:TD172-193.5, Aeolian processes, Geology
Abstract: The high-resolution multiproxy study of the Adriatic marine core MD 90-917 provides new insights to reconstruct vegetation and regional climate changes over the southcentral Mediterranean during the Younger Dryas (YD) and Holocene. Pollen records show the rapid forest colonization of the Italian and Balkan borderlands and the gradual installation of the Mediterranean association during the Holocene. Quantitative estimates based on pollen data provide Holocene precipitations and temperatures in the Adriatic Sea using a multi-method approach. Clay mineral ratios from the same core reflect the relative contributions of riverine (illite and smectite) and eolian (kaolinite) contributions to the site, and thus act as an additional proxy with which to evaluate precipitation changes in the Holocene. Vegetation climate reconstructions show the response to the Preboreal oscillation (PBO), most likely driven by changes in temperature and seasonal precipitation, which is linked to increasing river inputs from Adriatic rivers recorded by increase in clay mineral contribution to marine sediments. Pollen-inferred temperature declines during the early–mid Holocene, then increases during the mid–late Holocene, similar to southwestern Mediterranean climatic patterns during the Holocene. Several short vegetation and climatic events appear in the record, indicating the sensitivity of vegetation in the region to millennial-scale variability. Reconstructed summer precipitation shows a regional maximum (170–200 mm) between 8000 and 7000 similar to the general pattern across southern Europe. Two important shifts in vegetation occur at 7700 cal yr BP (calendar years before present) and between 7500 and 7000 cal yr BP and are correlated with increased river inputs around the Adriatic Basin respectively from the northern (7700 event) and from the central Adriatic borderlands (7500–7000 event). During the mid-Holocene, the wet summers lead to permanent moisture all year resulting in a homogeneous seasonal precipitation regime. After 6000 cal yr BP, summer precipitation decreases towards present-day values while winter precipitation rises regularly showing the setting up of Mediterranean climate conditions. Multiproxy evidence from core MD 90-917 provides a deeper understanding of the role of precipitation and particularly the seasonality of precipitation in mediating vegetation change in the central Mediterranean during the Holocene.
Published: 2013
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26. The transcriptome of the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus Glomus intraradices (DAOM 197198) reveals functional tradeoffs in an obligate symbiont

Author: Julie Poulain, Erika Lindquist, Natalia Requena, Raman Koul, Yair Shachar-Hill, Gerald A. Tuskan, C. da Silva, Vivienne Gianinazzi-Pearson, Francis Martin, Valentina Fiorilli, Harris Shapiro, Christophe Roux, Stefan A. Rensing, Helge Küster, Raffaella Balestrini, Annegret Kohler, Maria J. Harrison, Uta Paszkowski, Karim Benabdellah, Mohamed Hijri, Guillaume Bécard, A. Waschke, Daniel Croll, P. Dozolme-Seddas, Ian R. Sanders, Damien Formey, Philipp Franken, Concepción Azcón-Aguilar, Emmanuelle Morin, Nicole Helber, D. van Tuinen, Luisa Lanfranco, Paola Bonfante, J. P. W. Young, Alexandre Colard, Y. Liu, Emilie Tisserant, Nuria Ferrol, S. K. Gomez, Mathilde Malbreil, Peter J. Lammers, Interactions Arbres-Microorganismes ( IAM ), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -Université de Lorraine ( UL ), Unité de recherche Mycologie et Sécurité des Aliments ( MSA ), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ), Dipartimento di Biologia Vegetale, University of Turin, Departamento de Microbiologia del Suelo y Sistemas Simbioticos Estacion Experimental del Zaidin, Spanish National Research Council ( CSIC ), Department of Ecology and Evolution, Université de Lausanne ( UNIL ), Plant Pathology, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Zürich ( ETH Zürich ), IG Génoscope, Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives ( CEA ), Boyce Thompson Institute [Ithaca], Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, New Mexico State University, Estacion Experimental del Zaidin, Instituto per la Protezione delle Plante del CNR, Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales ( LRSV ), Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse 3 ( UPS ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Leibniz-Institute of Vegetable and Ornamental Crops, Department of Plant Nutrition, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology ( KIT ), Institut de la Recherche en Biologie Végétale Departement de sciences biologiques, Université de Montréal, Joint Genome Institute ( JGI ), Agroécologie [Dijon], Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -Université de Bourgogne ( UB ) -AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement, Genoscope - Centre national de séquençage [Evry] ( GENOSCOPE ), Leibniz Institute of Vegetale and Ornamental Crops, Departamento de Microbiologia del Suelo y Sistemas Simbioticos, Institut für Pflanzengenetik, Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz Universität Hannover, Departement de Biologie Moléculaire Végétale, Centre for Biological Signalling Studie Freiburg Initiative for Systems Biology and Faculty of Biology, Albert Ludwigs University, Department of Plant Biology, Michigan State University ( MSU ), Biosciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Department of Biology, University of York [York, UK], Interactions Arbres-Microorganismes (IAM), Université de Lorraine (UL)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Unité de recherche Mycologie et Sécurité des Aliments (MSA), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Université de Lausanne (UNIL), Genoscope - Centre national de séquençage [Evry] (GENOSCOPE), Université Paris-Saclay-Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales (LRSV), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Joint Genome Institute (JGI), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement, Leibniz Universität Hannover [Hannover] (LUH), Michigan State University [East Lansing], Michigan State University System-Michigan State University System, BioSciences Division [Oak Ridge], Oak Ridge National Laboratory [Oak Ridge] (ORNL), UT-Battelle, LLC-UT-Battelle, LLC, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Lorraine (UL), Unité de recherche Mycologie et Sécurité des Aliments (MycSA), Estación Experimental del Zaidín (EEZ), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Freiburg [Freiburg], Università degli studi di Torino = University of Turin (UNITO), Université de Lausanne = University of Lausanne (UNIL), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Leibniz Universität Hannover=Leibniz University Hannover
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Rhizophagus irregularis, Physiology, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Genes, Fungal, Colony Count, Microbial, mycorrhiza, Plant Science, 01 natural sciences, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, glomeromycota, glomus, meiosis and recombination genes, small secreted proteins, symbiosis, transcript profiling, Glomeromycota, Fungal Proteins, 03 medical and health sciences, Gene Expression Regulation, Fungal, Mycorrhizae, Botany, RNA, Messenger, Mycorrhiza, Mycelium, Glomus, 030304 developmental biology, Gene Library, 2. Zero hunger, Genetics, 0303 health sciences, biology, Obligate, Base Sequence, [ SDV ] Life Sciences [q-bio], arbuscular mycorrhiza, fungi, Fungal genetics, 15. Life on land, Plants, biology.organism_classification, Protein Structure, Tertiary, Up-Regulation, Arbuscular mycorrhiza, Meiosis, Transcriptome, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract: • The arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis is arguably the most ecologically important eukaryotic symbiosis, yet it is poorly understood at the molecular level. To provide novel insights into the molecular basis of symbiosis-associated traits, we report the first genome-wide analysis of the transcriptome from Glomus intraradices DAOM 197198. • We generated a set of 25,906 nonredundant virtual transcripts (NRVTs) transcribed in germinated spores, extraradical mycelium and symbiotic roots using Sanger and 454 sequencing. NRVTs were used to construct an oligoarray for investigating gene expression. • We identified transcripts coding for the meiotic recombination machinery, as well as meiosis-specific proteins, suggesting that the lack of a known sexual cycle in G. intraradices is not a result of major deletions of genes essential for sexual reproduction and meiosis. Induced expression of genes encoding membrane transporters and small secreted proteins in intraradical mycelium, together with the lack of expression of hydrolytic enzymes acting on plant cell wall polysaccharides, are all features of G. intraradices that are shared with ectomycorrhizal symbionts and obligate biotrophic pathogens. • Our results illuminate the genetic basis of symbiosis-related traits of the most ancient lineage of plant biotrophs, advancing future research on these agriculturally and ecologically important symbionts.
Published: 2012
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27. Predicting fadeout versus persistence of paratuberculosis in a dairy cattle herd for management and control purposes: a modelling study

Author: Nacry, Philippe, Vayssier Taussat, Muriel, Biville, Francis, Rospars, Jean-Pierre, Murat, Claude, Unité de recherche Génétique et amélioration des plantes (GAP), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Biologie Moléculaire et Immunologie Parasitaires et Fongiques, École nationale vétérinaire - Alfort (ENVA)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12), Focal area infection biology, Biozentrum, Université de Bâle, Physiologie de l'Insecte : Signalisation et Communication (PISC), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National Agronomique Paris-Grignon (INA P-G), Dipartimento di Biologia Vegetale, Università degli studi di Torino = University of Turin (UNITO), Université de Nantes, Ecole Doctorale 501 Droit, Economie, Gestion, Environnement, Société et Territoires, Didier Marion, Bénédicte Bakan, École nationale vétérinaire d'Alfort (ENVA)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12), and University of Turin
Subjects: [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], these
Abstract: Contact: pauline.ezanno@oniris-nantes.fr Diplôme : Dr. d'Université; Epidemiological models enable to better understand the dynamics of infectious diseases and to assess ex-ante control strategies. For Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (Map), possible transmission routes have been described, but Map spread in a herd and the relative importance of the routes are currently insufficiently understood to prioritize control measures. We aim to predict early after Map introduction in a dairy cattle herd whether infection is likely to fade out or persist, when no control measures are implemented, using a modelling approach. Both vertical transmission and horizontal transmission via the ingestion of colostrum, milk, or faeces present in the contaminated environment were modelled. Calf-to-calf indirect transmission was possible. Six health states were represented: susceptible, transiently infectious, latently infected, subclinically infected, clinically affected, and resistant. The model was partially validated by comparing the simulated prevalence with field data. Housing facilities and contacts between animals were specifically considered for calves and heifers. After the introduction of one infected animal in a naive herd, fadeout occurred in 66% of the runs. When Map persisted, the prevalence of infected animals increased to 88% in 25 years. The two main transmission routes were via the farm’s environment and in utero transmission. Calf-to-calf transmission was minor. Fadeout versus Map persistence could be differentiated with the number of clinically affected animals, which was rarely above one when fadeout occurred. Therefore, early detection of affected animals is crucial in preventing Map persistence in dairy herds
Published: 2011

28. Actual and pollen-inferred present-day temperature and vegetation cover variations along the altitudinal gradient in the western Alps : analysis of models reliability at high-elevation sites

Author: Ortu, Elena, Klotz, Stefan, Brugiapaglia, Elisabetta, Caramiello, Rosanna, Siniscalco, Consolata, Environnements, Dynamiques et Territoires de la Montagne (EDYTEM), Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut für Geowissenschaften, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen = Eberhard Karls University of Tuebingen, Dipartimento de Scienze Animali, Vegetali e dell' Ambiente, Università del Molise, Dipartimento di Biologia Vegetale, and Università degli studi di Torino (UNITO)
Subjects: [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes
Published: 2010

29. Elevation-induced variations of pollen assemblages in the North-western Alps : a model for the quantification of lapse-rates and temperature evolution during the Holocène

Author: Ortu, Elena, Klotz, Stefan, Brugiapaglia, Elisabetta, Siniscalco, Consolata, Caramiello, Rosanna, Environnements, Dynamiques et Territoires de la Montagne (EDYTEM), Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut für Geowissenschaften, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen = Eberhard Karls University of Tuebingen, Dipartimento de Scienze Animali, Vegetali e dell' Ambiente, Università del Molise, Dipartimento di Biologia Vegetale, and Università degli studi di Torino (UNITO)
Subjects: [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes
Published: 2010

30. Flexible genome retrieval for supporting in-silico studies of endobacteria-AMFs

Author: Luisa Lanfranco, Stefano Ghignone, Giorgio Leonardi, Stefania Montani, Dipartimento di Informatica [Alessandria], Università degli Studi del Piemonte Orientale - Amedeo Avogadro (UPO), Dipartimento di Biologia Vegetale, University of Turin, and Hiroshi Takeda
Subjects: Comparative genomics, 0303 health sciences, Phylogenetic tree, 030306 microbiology, Genomic data, In silico, Modular architecture, Computational biology, Biology, Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, Bioinformatics, Genome, 03 medical and health sciences, Genome sequence analysis, [INFO.INFO-DL]Computer Science [cs]/Digital Libraries [cs.DL], 030304 developmental biology
Abstract: International audience; Studying the interactions between arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMFs) and their symbiotic endobacteria has potentially strong impacts on the development of new biotechnology applications. The analysis of genomic data and syntenies is a key technique for acquiring information about phylogenetic relationships and metabolic functions of such organisms. In this paper, we describe a modular architecture meant to support in-silico genome sequence analysis, which is being developed within the project BIOBITS. In particular, we focus on a flexible genome retrieval tool, which supports optimized and customized comparative genomics searches.
Published: 2010
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31. Understanding local reponses to global climate change : an analysis of chronological correlations and their effects on interpretations of vegetation dynamics reconstruction at La Coche (Western Alps, Italy)

Author: Ortu, Elena, Blaauw, M., Arobba, Daniele, Caramiello, Rosanna, Siniscalco, R., Environnements, Dynamiques et Territoires de la Montagne (EDYTEM), Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Museo Archeologico del Finale, Chiostri di Santa Caterina, Institut international d'études ligures, Via Romana, Dipartimento di Biologia Vegetale, and Università degli studi di Torino (UNITO)
Subjects: [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes
Published: 2010

32. Elevation-induced variations of pollen assemblages in the north-western Alps : towards a model for quantification of temperature and lapse-rate changes during the Holocene

Author: Ortu, Elena, Klotz, Stefan, Brugiapaglia, Elisabetta, Siniscalco, R., Caramiello, Rosanna, Environnements, Dynamiques et Territoires de la Montagne (EDYTEM), Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut für Geowissenschaften, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen = Eberhard Karls University of Tuebingen, Dipartimento de Scienze Animali, Vegetali e dell' Ambiente, Università del Molise, Dipartimento di Biologia Vegetale, and Università degli studi di Torino (UNITO)
Subjects: [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, ComputingMethodologies_GENERAL
Abstract: Poster
Published: 2010

33. Elevation-induced variations of pollen assemblages in the North-western Alps: an analysis of their value as temperature indicators

Author: Consolata Siniscalco, Elisabetta Brugiapaglia, Rosanna Caramiello, Stefan Klotz, Elena Ortu, Environnements, Dynamiques et Territoires de la Montagne (EDYTEM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry]), Institut für Geowissenschaften, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen = Eberhard Karls University of Tuebingen, Dipartimento de Scienze Animali, Vegetali e dell' Ambiente, Università del Molise, Dipartimento di Biologia Vegetale, and Università degli studi di Torino (UNITO)
Subjects: Spores, 010506 paleontology, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Climate, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, medicine.disease_cause, 01 natural sciences, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, Floristics, Altitude, Transfer functions, Pollen, medicine, Cluster Analysis, Holocene, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, General Immunology and Microbiology, Fossils, Ecology, Alps, Temperature, Elevation, Paleontology, Reproducibility of Results, General Medicine, Massif, Pinus, Geographic distribution, Taxon, Italy, Linear Models, France, Physical geography, General Agricultural and Biological Sciences, Abies, Geology
Abstract: International audience; Seventy-seven modern pollen samples from various elevations (350-2680 m a.s.l.) in two different areas of the north-western Alps (the Aosta Valley, Italy and the Taillefer Massif, France) were statistically analyzed to derive correlations between pollen assemblages, elevation and temperature at the sampled points. Numerical classifications were performed on pollen data to judge similarities between the two areas. The results show that a strong relationship exists between altitude and variations in pollen taxa percentages despite some floristic differences between the two areas. As a test, transfer functions from pollen percentages to elevation and temperature were calculated from pollen data. The reconstruction appears to be reliable, with a higher reliability at sites located over 1000m. This analysis aims to serve as a basis for further quantitative reconstruction of temperature changes during the Holocene based on fossil pollen data from sensitive regions that encompass a significant altitudinal gradient.
Published: 2010
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34. Périgord black truffle genome uncovers evolutionary origins and mechanisms of symbiosis

Author: Francis Martin, Annegret Kohler, Claude Murat, Raffaella Balestrini, Pedro M. Coutinho, Olivier Jaillon, Barbara Montanini, Emmanuelle Morin, Benjamin Noel, Riccardo Percudani, Bettina Porcel, Andrea Rubini, Antonella Amicucci, Joelle Amselem, Véronique Anthouard, Sergio Arcioni, François Artiguenave, Jean-Marc Aury, Paola Ballario, Angelo Bolchi, Andrea Brenna, Annick Brun, Marc Buée, Brandi Cantarel, Gérard Chevalier, Arnaud Couloux, Corinne Da Silva, France Denoeud, Sébastien Duplessis, Stefano Ghignone, Benoît Hilselberger, Mirco Iotti, Benoît Marçais, Antonietta Mello, Michele Miranda, Giovanni Pacioni, Hadi Quesneville, Claudia Riccioni, Roberta Ruotolo, Richard Splivallo, Vilberto Stocchi, Emilie Tisserant, Arturo Roberto Viscomi, Alessandra Zambonelli, Elisa Zampieri, Bernard Henrissat, Marc-Henri Lebrun, Francesco Paolocci, Paola Bonfante, Simone Ottonello, Patrick Wincker, Interactions Arbres-Microorganismes (IAM), Université de Lorraine (UL)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Istituto per la Protezione Sostenibile delle Piante (CNR-IPSP), UOS Torino, Architecture et fonction des Macromolécules Biologiques - UMR 6098 (AFMB), Université de Provence - Aix-Marseille 1-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Genoscope - Centre national de séquençage [Evry] (GENOSCOPE), Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, Dipartimento di Biochimica e Biologia Molecolare, Università degli studi di Parma [Parme, Italie], Chimie Et Interdisciplinarité : Synthèse, Analyse, Modélisation (CEISAM), Université de Nantes - Faculté des Sciences et des Techniques, Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche [Milano] (CNR), Dipartimento di Scienze Biomolecolari Universita di Urbino (DISB), Università degli Studi di Urbino 'Carlo Bo', Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Génomique métabolique (UMR 8030), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université d'Évry-Val-d'Essonne (UEVE), Dipartimento di Genetica e Biologia Molecolare, Università degli Studi di Roma 'La Sapienza' [Rome], Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP), Università degli Studi di Bologna, Dipartimento di Biologia Vegetale, Università degli studi di Torino (UNITO), Dipartimento di Biologia di Base ed Applicata, Aquila University, Università degli Studi dell'Aquila [L'Aquila] (UNIVAQ.IT), Unité de Recherche Génomique Info (URGI), CNR IGV, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), University of Goettingen, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche [Torino] (CNR), Architecture et fonction des macromolécules biologiques (AFMB), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), BIOlogie et GEstion des Risques en agriculture (BIOGER), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AgroParisTech, Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Molecolari = Institute of Molecular Science and Technologies (ISTM-CNR [Perugia - Milano]), ANR-06-BLAN-0399,FungEffector,A genome-wide survey of secreted proteins as effectors of symbiosis and pathogenicity in plant-associated fungi(2006), European Project: 33958,EVOLTREE, Martin, Francis, Murat-Furminieux, Claude, Martin F., Kohler A., Murat C., Balestrini R., Coutinho P.M., Jaillon O., Montanini B., Morin E., Noel B., Percudani R., Porcel B., Rubini A., Amicucci A., Amselem J., Anthouard V., Arcioni S., Artiguenave F., Aury J.M., Ballario P., Bolchi A., Brenna A., Brun A., Buée M., Cantarel B., Chevalier G., Couloux A., Da Silva C., Denoeud F., Duplessis S., Ghignone S., Hilselberger B., Iotti M., Mello M., Miranda M., Pacioni G., Quesneville H., Riccioni C., Ruotolo R., Splivallo R., Stocchi V., Tisserant E., Viscomi A.R., Zambonelli A., Zampieri E., Henrissat B., Lebrun M.H., Paolocci F., Bonfante P., Ottonello S., Wincker P., Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Lorraine (UL), CNR Istituto per la Protezione Sostenibile delle Piante [Torino, Italia] (IPSP), National Research Council of Italy | Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Université Paris-Saclay-Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Università degli studi di Parma = University of Parma (UNIPR), Université de Nantes - UFR des Sciences et des Techniques (UN UFR ST), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université d'Évry-Val-d'Essonne (UEVE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Università degli Studi di Roma 'La Sapienza' = Sapienza University [Rome] (UNIROMA), Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna [Bologna] (UNIBO), Università degli studi di Torino = University of Turin (UNITO), Università degli Studi dell'Aquila = University of L'Aquila (UNIVAQ), Georg-August-University = Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Provence - Aix-Marseille 1, University of Parma = Università degli studi di Parma [Parme, Italie], Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université d'Évry-Val-d'Essonne (UEVE), Università degli Studi di Roma 'La Sapienza' = Sapienza University [Rome], Università degli Studi dell'Aquila (UNIVAQ), University of Göttingen - Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Université d'Évry-Val-d'Essonne (UEVE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and AgroParisTech-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Tuber melanosporum, tuber, ectomycorrhizal fungi, TRUFFE NOIRE DU PERIGORD, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Genes, Fungal, Molecular Sequence Data, TRUFFE BLANCHE DU PIEMONT, Carbohydrates, Genomics, Haploidy, 01 natural sciences, Genome, Ectosymbiosis, Evolution, Molecular, 03 medical and health sciences, truffe, Symbiosis, Ascomycota, Tuber aestivum, champignon comestible, Fruiting Bodies, Fungal, 030304 developmental biology, 2. Zero hunger, Genetics, 0303 health sciences, Multidisciplinary, Truffle, biology, génome, Fungal genetics, Sequence Analysis, DNA, biology.organism_classification, DNA Transposable Elements, fungal genoma, Genome, Fungal, europe, symbiose, Sulfur, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract: Letter; International audience; The Périgord black truffle ($Tuber\ melanosporum$ Vittad.) and the Piedmont white truffle dominate today's truffle market. The hypogeous fruiting body of $T.\ melanosporum$ is a gastronomic delicacy produced by an ectomycorrhizal symbiont endemic to calcareous soils in southern Europe. The worldwide demand for this truffle has fuelled intense efforts at cultivation. Identification of processes that condition and trigger fruit body and symbiosis formation, ultimately leading to efficient crop production, will be facilitated by a thorough analysis of truffle genomic traits. In the ectomycorrhizal $Laccaria\ bicolor$, the expansion of gene families may have acted as a 'symbiosis toolbox'. This feature may however reflect evolution of this particular taxon and not a general trait shared by all ectomycorrhizal species. To get a better understanding of the biology and evolution of the ectomycorrhizal symbiosis, we report here the sequence of the haploid genome of $T.\ melanosporum$, which at $\sim$125 megabases is the largest and most complex fungal genome sequenced so far. This expansion results from a proliferation of transposable elements accounting for $\sim$58% of the genome. In contrast, this genome only contains $\sim$7,500 protein-coding genes with very rare multigene families. It lacks large sets of carbohydrate cleaving enzymes, but a few of them involved in degradation of plant cell walls are induced in symbiotic tissues. The latter feature and the upregulation of genes encoding for lipases and multicopper oxidases suggest that $T.\ melanosporum$ degrades its host cell walls during colonization. Symbiosis induces an increased expression of carbohydrate and amino acid transporters in both $L.\ bicolor$ and $T.\ melanosporum$, but the comparison of genomic traits in the two ectomycorrhizal fungi showed that genetic predispositions for symbiosis $-$'the symbiosis toolbox'$-$ evolved along different ways in ascomycetes and basidiomycetes
Published: 2010
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35. Is Cupressus sempervirens native in Italy? An answer from genetic and palaeobotanical data

Author: P. Raddi, A. G. Doulis, Santiago C. González-Martínez, N. La Porta, A. Buonamici, Giovanni G. Vendramin, Donatella Magri, Federico Sebastiani, Silvia Fineschi, Francesca Bagnoli, Istituto per la Protezione delle Piante, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche [Roma] (CNR), National Agricultural Research Foundation (NAGREF), Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria = National Institute for Agricultural and Food Research and Technology (INIA), Istituto Agrario di San Michele all'Adige (IASMA), Dipartimento di Biologia Vegetale, Università degli Studi di Roma 'La Sapienza' = Sapienza University [Rome], and Universtiy of Florence
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Tunisia, DNA, Plant, Turkey, Cupressus, Range (biology), [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Population, Population Dynamics, Cupressus sempervirens, Genetic differentiation, Population structure, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Evolution, Molecular, 03 medical and health sciences, Genetics, Cypress, education, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Alleles, 030304 developmental biology, 0303 health sciences, Genetic diversity, education.field_of_study, Nuclear microsatellites, biology, Greece, Ecology, Fossils, Sequence Analysis, DNA, 15. Life on land, biology.organism_classification, cupressus sempervirens, fossils, genetic differentiation, nuclear microsatellites, phylogeography, population structure, Phylogeography, Genetics, Population, Italy, Genetic structure, Species richness, Microsatellite Repeats
Abstract: This study represents the first large-scale analysis using nuclear molecular markers to assess genetic diversity and structure of Cupressus sempervirens L. Genetic and fossil data were combined to infer the possible role of human activity and evolutionary history in shaping the diversity of cypress populations. We analysed 30 populations with six polymorphic nuclear microsatellite markers. Dramatic reductions in heterozygosity and allelic richness were observed from east to west across the species range. Structure analysis assigned individuals to two main groups separating central Mediterranean and eastern populations. The two main groups could be further divided into five subgroups which showed the following geographical distributions Turkey with the Greek islands Rhodes and Samos, Greece (Crete), Southern Italy, Northern Italy, Tunisia with Central Italy. This pattern of genetic structure is also supported by samova and Barrier analyses. Palaeobotanical data indicated that Cupressus was present in Italy in the Pliocene, Pleistocene and Holocene. Furthermore, our molecular survey showed that Italian cypress populations experienced bottlenecks that resulted in reduced genetic diversity and allelic richness and greater genetic differentiation. Recent colonization or introduction may also have influenced levels of diversity detected in the Italian populations, as most individuals found in this range today have multilocus genotypes that are also present in the eastern range of the species. The data reveal a new interpretation of the history of cypress distribution characterized by ancient eastern populations (Turkey and Greek islands) and a mosaic of recently introduced trees and remnants of ancient, depauperate populations in the central Mediterranean range. © 2009 Blackwell Publishing Ltd.
Published: 2009
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36. Molecular phylogeny and historical biogeography of the genus Tuber, the ‘true truffles’

Author: Paola Bonfante, Yongjin Wang, Sylvain Jeandroz, Claude Murat, François Le Tacon, Interactions Arbres-Microorganismes (IAM), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Lorraine (UL), Dipartimento di Biologia Vegetale, Università degli studi di Torino (UNITO), Institut Pasteur de Shanghai, Académie des Sciences de Chine - Chinese Academy of Sciences (IPS-CAS), Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP), and Université de Lorraine (UL)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Systematics, Biology, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, 03 medical and health sciences, Vicariance, [SDV.BV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology, Molecular clock, systematics, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Biogeographical history, molecular phylogeny, 030304 developmental biology, 0303 health sciences, Tuber, Ecology, Phylogenetic tree, divergence date, 15. Life on land, Relative rate test, Maximum parsimony, Molecular phylogenetics, dispersalvicariance analysis, Dispersal–vicariance analysis, Phylogenetic nomenclature
Abstract: Aim Various data sets and methods of analysis were combined to produce the first comprehensive molecular phylogeny of the genus Tuber and to analyse its biogeography. Location Europe, North Africa, China, Asia, North America. Methods Phylogenetic relationships among Tuber species were reconstructed based on a data set of internal-transcribed spacer (ITS) sequences and various phylogenetic inference methods, specifically maximum parsimony, Bayesian analysis and neighbour joining. Tajima's relative rate test showed that Tuber 18S rRNA, 5.8S rRNA, 5.8S-ITS2 rRNA and β-tubulin sequences evolved in a clock-like manner. These genes, combined or not, were employed for molecular clock estimates after construction of linearized trees using MEGA 3.1. We reconstructed ancestral areas in the Northern Hemisphere by means of a dispersal-vicariance analysis (DIVA 1.1) based on current distribution patterns of the genus Tuber determined from the literature. Results The resulting molecular phylogeny divided the genus Tuber into five distinct clades, in agreement with our previously published studies. The Puberulum, Melanosporum and Rufum groups were diversified in terms of species and geographical distribution. In contrast, the Aestivum and Excavatum groups were less diversified and were located only in Europe or North Africa. Using a global molecular clock analysis, we estimated the divergence times for the origin of the genus and for the origin of several groups. DIVA inferred nine dispersal events and suggested that the ancestor of Tuber was originally present in Europe or was widespread in Eurasia. Equally optimal distributions were obtained for several nodes, suggesting different possible biogeographical patterns. Main conclusions Our analyses identified several discrepancies with the classical taxonomy of the genus, and we propose a new phylogenetic classification. According to molecular clocks, the radiation of the genus Tuber could have started between 271 and 140 Ma. Used in combination with the results obtained from time divergence estimates, this allows us to propose two equally probable scenarios of intra- and inter-continental diversification of the genus according to the geographic distribution of the most recent common ancestor in Europe or Eurasia. The biogeographical patterns imply intra-continental dispersal events between Europe and Asia and inter-continental dispersal events between North America and Europe or Asia, which are compatible with land connections during the Tertiary.
Published: 2008
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37. La villa di Torraccia di Chiusi, località Aiano : dati preliminari dalla III campagna di scavo, 2007

Author: Cavalieri, Marco, Baldini, Giacomo, Ragazzini, Sofia, Bellini, Cristina, Gonnelli, Tiziana, Mariotti, Marta, Novellini, Alessandro, Mainardi Valcarenghi, Gabriele, UCL - FLTR/ARKE - Département d'archéologie et d'histoire de l'art, Università di Firenze - Dipartimento di Biologia Vegetale, Associazione Archeologica Sangimignanese, and Università di Siena - Centro di GeoTecnologie
Published: 2008

38. Colonization of plant roots by pseudomonads and AM fungi: a dynamic phenomenon, affecting plant growth and health Department of Microbiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences

Author: Lingua, Guido, Gamalero, Elisa, Fusconi, Anna, Lemanceau, Philippe, Berta, Graziella, Amedeo Avogadro University of Eastern Piedmont, Dipartimento di Biologia Vegetale, University of Turin, Microbiologie, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Bourgogne (UB), and Ajit Varma
Subjects: biocontrol agents, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], plant hosts, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, rhizobacteria, root colonization
Abstract: Chapitre 5
Published: 2008
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39. Characterization of an Amino Acid Permease from the Endomycorrhizal Fungus Glomus mosseae

Author: Gilda Cappellazzo, Daniel Wipf, Luisa Lanfranco, Paola Bonfante, Michael Fitz, Istituto per la Protezione delle Piante, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche [Roma] (CNR), Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Plante - microbe - environnement : biochimie, biologie cellulaire et écologie (PMEBBCE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Bourgogne (UB)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Etablissement National d'Enseignement Supérieur Agronomique de Dijon (ENESAD), Dipartimento di Biologia Vegetale, and University of Turin
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Amino Acid Transport Systems, nitrate reductase, Physiology, Gene Expression, Plant Science, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus, yeast, 01 natural sciences, [SDV.GEN.GPL]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Genetics/Plants genetics, 03 medical and health sciences, Soil, Mycorrhizae, Genetics, Proline, SYMBIOSE, Amino Acids, organic nitrogen-sources, Glomus, 030304 developmental biology, 2. Zero hunger, chemistry.chemical_classification, 0303 health sciences, biology, Permease, GLOMUS MOSSEAE, TRANSPORTEUR D'ACIDES AMINES, Sequence Analysis, DNA, biology.organism_classification, Yeast, TRANSPORT, Amino acid, Amino acid permease, Complementation, chemistry, Biochemistry, sequence alignment, ENDOMYCORRHIZE, Heterologous expression, 010606 plant biology & botany, Research Article
Abstract: Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi are capable of exploiting organic nitrogen sources, but the molecular mechanisms that control such an uptake are still unknown. Polymerase chain reaction-based approaches, bioinformatic tools, and a heterologous expression system have been used to characterize a sequence coding for an amino acid permease (GmosAAP1) from the AM fungus Glomus mosseae. The GmosAAP1 shows primary and secondary structures that are similar to those of other fungal amino acid permeases. Functional complementation and uptake experiments in a yeast mutant that was defective in the multiple amino acid uptake system demonstrated that GmosAAP1 is able to transport proline through a proton-coupled, pH- and energy-dependent process. A competitive test showed that GmosAAP1 binds nonpolar and hydrophobic amino acids, thus indicating a relatively specific substrate spectrum. GmosAAP1 mRNAs were detected in the extraradical fungal structures. Transcript abundance was increased upon exposure to organic nitrogen, in particular when supplied at 2 mm concentrations. These findings suggest that GmosAAP1 plays a role in the first steps of amino acid acquisition, allowing direct amino acid uptake from the soil and extending the molecular tools by which AM fungi exploit soil resources.
Published: 2008
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40. Plant neurobiology: no brain, no gain?

Author: Hartmut Quader, Chris Hawes, Anna Moroni, Lincoln Taiz, Karin Schumacher, Hervé Sentenac, Felice Cervone, Chris Somerville, Alistair M. Hetherington, David Robinson, Gerd Juergens, Maria Ida De Michelis, Eduardo Blumwald, Amedeo Alpi, Adam Bertl, Angus S. Murphy, Clifford L. Slayman, Alberto Rivetta, Arthur W. Galston, Emanuel Epstein, Ben Scheres, Jack Dainty, Dale Sanders, Pierdomenico Perata, Richard Wagner, Carlo Soave, Christopher J. Leaver, Mary Helen M. Goldsmith, Nikolaus Amrhein, Thomas Rausch, Christophe Ritzenthaler, Michael R. Blatt, Gerhard Thiel, Karl Oparka, Herman Höfte, Ruediger Hell, Dipartimento di Biologia Delle Piante Agrarie, Institut fu¨ r Pflanzenwissenschafte, University of Karlsruhe (TH), Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biophysics, IBLS Plant Sciences, University of Glasgow, Department of Botany and Plant Sciences [Riverside], University of California [Riverside] (UCR), University of California-University of California, Dipartimento di Biologia Vegetale, Università degli Studi di Roma 'La Sapienza' = Sapienza University [Rome], University of Toronto, Dipartimento di Biologia ‘‘L. Gorini’’, Department of Land, Air and Water Resources, Soils and Biogeochemistry, Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, Yale University, Yale University [New Haven], Oxford Brookes University, Heidelberg Institute for Plant Sciences, University of Bristol [Bristol], Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin (IJPB), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AgroParisTech, Zentrum für Molekularbiologie der Pflanzen (ZMBP), Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen = Eberhard Karls University of Tuebingen, University of Oxford [Oxford], Dipartimento di Biologia (Universita degli Studi di Milano), Università degli Studi di Milano [Milano] (UNIMI), Department of Horticulture, Institute of Molecular Plant Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Plant and Crop Physiology Laboratory, Biozentrum Klein Flottbek, Institut de biologie moléculaire des plantes (IBMP), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA), Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Yale University School of Medicine, Heidelberger Institut für Pflanzenwissenschaften (HIP), Universität Heidelberg [Heidelberg], Department of Biology, Area 6, Utrecht University [Utrecht], Biochimie et Physiologie Moléculaire des Plantes (BPMP), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Sezione di Fisiologia e Biochimica delle Piante, Dipartimento di Biologia, Carnegie Institution, Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, Institute of Botany, Fachbereich Biologie/Chemie, Universita degli studi di Pisa, Institut für Pflanzenwissenschaften, Karl-Franzens-Universität Graz, Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biophysics, Department of Plant Sciences, University of California [Davis] (UC Davis), Università degli Studi di Roma 'La Sapienza' [Rome], Dipartimento di Biologia, Università degli studi di Milano [Milano]-Sez. Zoologia Scienze Naturali, University of California, University of Michigan [Ann Arbor], University of Michigan System-University of Michigan System, University of Oxford, Heidelberg University, School of Biological Sciences, Laboratoire de biologie cellulaire et moléculaire, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, Purdue University, University of Hamburg, Department of Biology, University of York [York, UK], Biochimie et Physiologie Moléculaire des Plantes, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Stanford University [Stanford], University of California [Santa Cruz] (UCSC), Darmstadt University of Technology [Darmstadt], Osnabrück University, and Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: SYNAPSE, 0106 biological sciences, PLANT NEUROBIOLOGY, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], [SDV.BC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Cellular Biology, Plant Science, Biology, 01 natural sciences, 03 medical and health sciences, ROOT, Neurobiology, Plant Cells, [SDV.BV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology, Plant Physiological Phenomena, 030304 developmental biology, 0303 health sciences, Indoleacetic Acids, fungi, Botany, Plasmodesmata, food and beverages, Biological Transport, Plants, AUXINE TRANSPORT, Neuroscience, 010606 plant biology & botany, Signal Transduction
Abstract: The past three years have witnessed the birth andpropagation of a provocative idea in the plant sciences.Its proponents have suggested that higher plants havenerves, synapses, the equivalent of a brain localizedsomewhere in the roots, and an intelligence. The ideahas attracted a number of adherents, to the extent thatmeetings have now been held in different host countriesto address the topic, and an international society devotedto ‘plant neurobiology’ has been founded. We are con-cerned with the rationale behind this concept. Wemaintain that plant neurobiology does not add to ourUpdate
Published: 2007
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41. Fagaceae trees

Author: KREMER, Antoine, CASASOLI, Manuela, BARRENECHE, Teresa, BODENES-BREZARD, Catherine, SISCO, Paul, KUBISIAK, Thomas, SCALFI, Marta, LEONARDI, Stefano, BAKKER, Erica, BUITEVELD, Joukje, ROMERO-SEVERSON, Jeanne, ARUMUGANATHAN, Kathiravetpillai, DERORY, Jérémy, SCOTTI-SAINTAGNE, Caroline, ROUSSEL, Guy, BERTOCCHI, Evangelista, LEXER, Christian, PORTH, Ilga, HEBARD, Fred, CLARK, Catherine, CARLSON, John, PLOMION, Christophe, KOELEWIJN, Hans-Peter, VILLANI, Fiorella, Biodiversité, Gènes & Communautés (BioGeCo), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Bordeaux (UB), Dipartimento di Biologia Vegetale, Sapienza University [Rome], Espèces Fruitières (UREF), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), The American Chestnut Foundation, Southern Institute of Forest Genetics, Dipartimento di Scienze Ambientali, University of Parma, Department of Ecology and Evolution [Chicago], University of Chicago, Alterra Wageningen UR, Centre for Ecosystem Studies, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame [Indiana] (UND), Flow Cytometry and Imaging Core Laboratory, Benaroya Research Institue at Virginia Mason, Ecologie des forêts de Guyane (ECOFOG), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université des Antilles et de la Guyane (UAG)-AgroParisTech-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Jodrell Laboratory, Royal Botanic Garden , Kew, Austrian Research Center, The American Chestnut Foundation Research Farms, Department of Forestry, North Carolina State University [Raleigh] (NC State), University of North Carolina System (UNC)-University of North Carolina System (UNC), The School of Forest Resources and Huck Institutes for Life for Sciences, Pennsylvania State University (Penn State), Penn State System-Penn State System, Istituto per l'Agroselvicoltura, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche [Roma] (CNR), Absent, Università degli Studi di Roma 'La Sapienza' = Sapienza University [Rome], University of Parma = Università degli studi di Parma [Parme, Italie], Benaroya Research Institute [Seattle] (BRI), and Chittaranjan Kole
Subjects: FAGACEAE, HETRE, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], CARTOGRAPHIE GENETIQUE, CHENE ROUGE, CHENE
Abstract: Chapitre 5; absent
Published: 2007
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42. Plants and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi: cues and communication in the early steps of symbiotic interactions

Author: Gianinazzi‐Pearson, Vivienne, Séjalon-Delmas, Nathalie, Genre, Andrea, Jeandroz, Sylvain, Bonfante, Paola, Plante - microbe - environnement : biochimie, biologie cellulaire et écologie (PMEBBCE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Bourgogne (UB)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Etablissement National d'Enseignement Supérieur Agronomique de Dijon (ENESAD), Pôle de Biotechnologie Végétale, Institut Fédératif de Recherche 40 (IFR 40), Universita di Torino, Interactions Arbres-Microorganismes (IAM), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Lorraine (UL), Etablissement National d'Enseignement Supérieur Agronomique de Dijon (ENESAD)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Bourgogne (UB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Surfaces Cellulaires et Signalisation chez les Végétaux (SCSV), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Dipartimento di Biologia Vegetale, Università degli studi di Torino (UNITO), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), and Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées
Subjects: GENE EXPRESSION, FUNGAL CUES, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], fungi, [SDV.BV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology, ARBUSCULAR MYCORRHIZA, SIGNAL MOLECULES, CELL RESPONSES
Abstract: International audience; The ubiquitous nature of arbuscular mycorrhiza (AM) pleads for common molecular and genetic determinants across different plant taxa. The cellular processes determining compatibility in early interactions prior to and during cell contact between arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and plant roots are starting to be unravelled. The root epidermis is an active checkpoint where signal exchanges and control over root colonization occur. Root-secreted flavonoids, flavonols, and strigolactones can act as rhizosphere signals in stimulating presymbiotic fungal growth, although their mechanism of action on the fungal cell is as yet unknown. Likewise, fungal signals (Myc factors) activate early plant responses with induction of genes related to signal transduction pathway and biogenesis of a prepenetration apparatus designed to accommodate intracellular fungal growth from appressoria into epidermal cells. Evidence from genetical, transcriptional, and physiological studies points to the implication of calcium as a secondary messenger in signalling pathways leading to early host cell responses. Future challenges for research are to decipher the complexity of symbiosis signalling and to provide new insights into the specificity of the molecular dialogue between AM symbionts.
Published: 2007
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43. Molecular taxonomy of Chinese truffles belonging to the Tuber rufum and Tuber puberulum groups

Author: Wang, Y., Tan, Z. M., Claude Murat, Jeandroz, S., Le Tacon, F., Interactions Arbres-Microorganismes (IAM), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Lorraine (UL), Human Academy of Forestry, Dipartimento di Biologia Vegetale, Università degli studi di Torino (UNITO), and Université de Lorraine (UL)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)
Subjects: Mitochondrial LrRNA, Nuclear its, Rufum group, [SDV.BV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology, Taxonomie, Puberulum group
Abstract: International audience; The taxonomic position of several Chinese Tuber species belonging to the Rufum- and Puberulum-groups were tentatively determined by analyzing the nuclear ITS region and mitochondrial large ribosomal RNA (mt LrRNA) sequences of several dried ascomata harvested all over China in the last 20 years and compared with American and European samples. Within the Rufum-group, it was possible to differentiate the specimens harvested on the three continents: Asia (China), Europe, and North America. In China, three species belonging to the Rufum-group could be validly recognized: T. huidongense, T. liatongense, and T. taiyuanense. The taxonomy of the Puberulum group appeared much more complex. Within the Puberulum-group, it was not possible to clearly separate the Chinese specimens from the American and European ones. Nevertheless, at least three new species or subspecies belonging to the Puberulum-group are present in China.
Published: 2007

44. Répartition et histoire des truffes dans l'hémisphère nord

Author: Le Tacon, François, Jeandroz, Sylvain, Murat, Claude, Wang, Yongjin, Interactions Arbres-Microorganismes (IAM), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Lorraine (UL), Dipartimento di Biologia Vegetale, Università degli studi di Torino (UNITO), Institut Pasteur de Shanghai, Académie des Sciences de Chine - Chinese Academy of Sciences (IPS-CAS), Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP), and Université de Lorraine (UL)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)
Subjects: Etude historique, Hémisphère Nord, tuber, Sociology, taxonomie, Sociologie, [SDV.BID]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity, Truffe, HISTOIRE, HEMISPHERE NORD, REPARTITION, [SDV.MP.MYC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Mycology
Abstract: National audience; L’existence des truffes est connue depuis l’Antiquité. Les Grecs et les Romains leur prêtaient des vertus magiques et aphrodisiaques. Leur origine paraissait alors bien mystérieuse. L’intérêt gastronomique pour les truffes débute véritablement à la Renaissance, même si au Moyen Âge, celles de Bourgogne semblaient être appréciées à la table des rois de France.
Published: 2006

45. Holocene vegetation and land-use changes in response to climatic changes in the forelands of the southwestern Alps, Italy

Author: Walter Finsinger, Willy Tinner, Utrecht University [Utrecht], Dipartimento di Biologia Vegetale, Università degli Studi di Roma 'La Sapienza' = Sapienza University [Rome], Institute of Plant Sciences [Berne], and Université de Berne
Subjects: Holocene climate variability, 010506 paleontology, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, Drainage basin, solar forcing, 01 natural sciences, Arts and Humanities (miscellaneous), [SDV.SA.SF]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Silviculture, forestry, Deforestation, Bronze Age, Earth and Planetary Sciences (miscellaneous), [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, Holocene, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, biology, Alps, Paleontology, Sediment, Vegetation, 15. Life on land, [SDV.BV.BOT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology/Botanics, biology.organism_classification, [SDV.BIBS]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Quantitative Methods [q-bio.QM], [SDE.ES]Environmental Sciences/Environmental and Society, Abies alba, Oceanography, Preboreal, pollen analysis, 13. Climate action, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, land‐use phases, Geology
Abstract: International audience; The Holocene sediment of Lago Piccolo di Avigliana (Piedmont, Italy, 356 m a.s.l.) was dated by 14C and analysed for pollen to reconstruct the vegetation history of the area. The early‐ and mid‐Holocene pollen record shows environmental responses to centennial‐scale climatic changes as evidenced by independent palaeoclimatic proxies. When human impact was low or negligible, continental mixed‐oak forests decreased at ca. 9300 BC in response to the early‐Holocene Preboreal climatic oscillation. Abies alba expanded in two phases, probably in response to higher moisture availability at ca. 6000 and ca. 4000 BC, while Fagus expanded later, possibly in response to a climatic change at 3300 BC.During and after the Bronze Age five distinct phases of intensified land use were detected. The near synchroneity with the land‐use phases detected in wetter regions in northern and southern Switzerland points to a common forcing factor in spite of cultural differences. Increasing minerogenic input to the lake since 1000 BC coincided with Late Bronze—Iron Age technical innovations and probably indicate soil erosion as a consequence of deforestation in the lake catchment. The highest values for cultural indicators occurred at 700–450 and at 300–50 BC, coinciding with periods of high solar activity (inferred from Δ14C). This suggests that Iron Age land use was enhanced by high solar activity, while re‐occupation of partly abandoned areas after crises in earlier periods match better with the GRIP stable isotope record. On the basis of our data and comparison with independent palaeoclimatic proxies we suggest that precipitation variation was much more important than temperature oscillations in driving vegetation and societal changes throughout the Holocene. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Published: 2006
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46. Genetic analysis of archaeological wood remains: first results and prospects

Author: Laura Sadori, Alessandra Celant, Rémy J. Petit, Marie-Hélène Pemonge, Donatella Magri, L. Bertel, Marie-France Deguilloux, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Dipartimento di Biologia Vegetale, Università degli Studi di Roma 'La Sapienza' [Rome], Biodiversité, Gènes et Ecosystèmes (BioGeCo), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1, and Università degli Studi di Roma 'La Sapienza' = Sapienza University [Rome]
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Archaeological wood, Chloroplast DNA, Archeology, POST-GLACIATION, [SHS.ARCHEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], education, HAPLOTYPE, CARTOGRAPHIE GENETIQUE, Biology, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Genetic analysis, CHENE, DNA sequencing, ancient dna, archaeological wood, chloroplast dna, european forest, oak, quercus sp, 03 medical and health sciences, 030304 developmental biology, 0303 health sciences, Ancient DNA, Haplotype, Quercus sp, European forest, Archaeology, Oak, Genetic structure, ADN CHLOROPLASTIQUE
Abstract: International audience; A total of 51 ancient oak wood samples originating from various European archaeological sites, dating from the Neolithic period to the 18th century, were assayed for the presence of reproducible chloroplast (cp) DNA sequences. Five polymorphic chloroplast fragments were targeted. Only five of the samples could be fully genetically characterised, revealing four different oak cpDNA haplotypes. In all cases, the haplotypes detected on ancient woods and the haplotypes characterised from fresh samples from the same localities matched. Overall, this congruence is consistent with a genetic continuity between ancient and modern European oaks, confirming the hypothesis that the mapped genetic patterns largely reflect the original structure that established during the post-glacial. This stability of the genetic structure implies that, in the future, the technique could be used to infer or confirm the transport of wood by man, providing interesting perspectives for the genetic analysis of ancient woods.
Published: 2006
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47. A new scenario for the Quaternary history of European beech populations: palaeobotanical evidence and genetic consequences

Author: Donatella Magri, Giovanni G. Vendramin, Bernard Comps, Isabelle Dupanloup, Thomas Geburek, Dušan Gömöry, Małgorzata Latałowa, Thomas Litt, Ladislav Paule, Joan Maria Roure, Ioan Tantau, W. O. Van Der Knaap, Rémy J. Petit, Jacques‐Louis De Beaulieu, Dipartimento di Biologia Vegetale, Università degli Studi di Roma 'La Sapienza' = Sapienza University [Rome], Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Laboratoire d'Ecologie Génétique, Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1, Computational and Molecular Population Genetics Laboratory, Universität Bern [Bern], Federal Research and Training Centre for Forests Natural Hazards and Landscape, Technical University in Zvolen (TUZVO), University of Gdańsk (UG), Institute of Paleontology, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Babes-Bolyai University [Cluj-Napoca] (UBB), Institute of Plant Sciences, University of Bern, Biodiversité, Gènes et Ecosystèmes (BioGeCo), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1, Institut Méditerranéen d'Ecologie et de Paléoécologie (IMEP), Université Paul Cézanne - Aix-Marseille 3-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Avignon Université (AU)-Université de Provence - Aix-Marseille 1, Università degli Studi di Roma 'La Sapienza' = Sapienza University [Rome] (UNIROMA), National Research Council of Italy | Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1 (UB), Universität Bern [Bern] (UNIBE), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1 (UB), and Université Paul Cézanne - Aix-Marseille 3-Université de Provence - Aix-Marseille 1-Avignon Université (AU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Mediterranean climate, Genetic Markers, Physiology, HETRE, Climate, QUATERNARY, Plant Science, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Fagus sylvatica, CHLOROPLAST MARKERS, Ice age, Fagus, HETRE COMMUN, GLACIAL REFUGIA, Glacial period, Beech, Genetic diversity, biology, Geography, Ecology, Fossils, DNA, Chloroplast, Genetic Variation, 15. Life on land, biology.organism_classification, FOSSIL POLLEN, BEECH, [SDV.BV.PEP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology/Phytopathology and phytopharmacy, Europe, Phylogeography, Haplotypes, NUCLEAR MARKERS, beech (fagus sylvatica), chloroplast markers, fossil pollen, glacial refugia, nuclear markers, plant macrofossil, quaternary, Genetic structure, REFUGE GLACIAIRE, Pollen, GENETIQUE DES POPULATIONS, PLANT MACROFOSSIL, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract: International audience; Here, palaeobotanical and genetic data for common beech (Fagus sylvatica) in Europe are used to evaluate the genetic consequences of long-term survival in refuge areas and postglacial spread. Four large datasets are presented, including over 400 fossil-pollen sites, 80 plant-macrofossil sites, and 450 and 600 modern beech populations for chloroplast and nuclear markers, respectively. The largely complementary palaeobotanical and genetic data indicate that: (i) beech survived the last glacial period in multiple refuge areas; (ii) the central European refugia were separated from the Mediterranean refugia; (iii) the Mediterranean refuges did not contribute to the colonization of central and northern Europe; (iv) some populations expanded considerably during the postglacial period, while others experienced only a limited expansion; (v) the mountain chains were not geographical barriers for beech but rather facilitated its diffusion; and (vi) the modern genetic diversity was shaped over multiple glacial-interglacial cycles. This scenario differs from many recent treatments of tree phylogeography in Europe that largely focus on the last ice age and the postglacial period to interpret genetic structure and argue that the southern peninsulas (Iberian, Italian and Balkan) were the main source areas for trees in central and northern Europe
Published: 2006
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48. The expansion of hazel (Corylus avellana L.) in the southern Alps: a key for understanding its early Holocene history in Europe?

Author: Willy Tinner, Walter Finsinger, W.O. van der Knaap, Brigitta Ammann, Institute of Plant Sciences, University of Bern, Dipartimento di Biologia Vegetale, and Università degli Studi di Roma 'La Sapienza' = Sapienza University [Rome]
Subjects: 010506 paleontology, Archeology, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Seed dispersal, media_common.quotation_subject, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, medicine.disease_cause, deglaciation, 01 natural sciences, Competition (biology), Allerød oscillation, plant migration, Corylus, [SDV.SA.SF]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Silviculture, forestry, Pollen, medicine, Deglaciation, charcoal analysis, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Holocene, vegetation history, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, media_common, Global and Planetary Change, Ecology, Alps, Geology, 15. Life on land, Seasonality, [SDV.BV.BOT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology/Botanics, medicine.disease, [SDV.BIBS]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Quantitative Methods [q-bio.QM], [SDE.ES]Environmental Sciences/Environmental and Society, Europe, Geography, Disturbance (ecology), pollen analysis, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Biologie
Abstract: International audience; In Northwestern and Central Europe the Holocene expansion of Corylus occurred before or at the same time as that of other thermophilous trees (e.g. Quercus). This sequence of expansion has been explained by migrational lag, competition, climatic changes, human assistance, or disturbance by fire. In the southern Alps, however, hazel expanded around 10,500 cal yr BP, more than two millennia after oak had become important. This delayed expansion is in contrast with the rapid expansion often assumed for hazel in central Northern Europe.We use two well-dated pollen and charcoal records from the southern forelands of the Alps: Lago Piccolo di Avigliana and Lago di Origlio. We conclude that distance of refugia, speed of seed dispersal, and competition cannot sufficiently explain the absence of the hazel expansion prior to the establishment of mixed oak forests in the southern Alps. Instead our records indicate that higher moisture availability and low temperatures inhibited hazel and favoured the establishment of pine and mixed oak forests during the Allerød. The expansion of hazel ∼11,000–10,500 cal yr BP was favoured by a combination of high seasonality, summer drought and frequent fires, which helped hazel to out-compete oak in the south as well as north of the Alps.
Published: 2006
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49. Predictability of biomass burning in response to climate changes

Author: T I Harrison-Prentice, Janelle Stevenson, Sandy P. Harrison, Colin J. Long, Jennifer R. Marlon, Hermann Behling, Lydie M Dupont, Scott Mooney, Douglas J. Hallett, Elin Norström, Christopher Carcaillet, Fumitaka Katamura, Natasha L. Williams, K. J. Brown, Frank H. Neumann, Hikaru Takahara, John Dodson, Sergey K. Krivonogov, Patrick J. Bartlein, Willy Tinner, C. Paitre, Florian Thevenon, G.M. Mckenzie, Donna D'Costa, M.P. Black, Aurélie Genries, Patricio I. Moreno, Iain Colin Prentice, Mitchell J. Power, Zewdu Eshetu, Geoffrey Hope, Patrick Moss, Lisa M. Kennedy, Elena Marinova, Simon Haberle, Megan K. Walsh, T.G. Kassa, Verushka Valsecchi, Sally P. Horn, Pierre Friedlingstein, Neil Roberts, Louis Scott, Valery T. Terwilliger, Daniel G. Gavin, Eric A. Colhoun, Rebecca Turner, Kenji Izumi, Peter Kershaw, Juliana Atanassova, Guy Robinson, Basil A. S. Davis, Maja Andrič, Yunlin Zhang, Donatella Magri, Naoko Sasaki, Anne-Laure Daniau, Olivier Blarquez, Scott Brewer, Damien Rius, Jun Inoue, Boris Vannière, Daniele Colombaroli, School of Geographical Sciences, University of Bristol [Bristol], Department of Geography, University of Oregon [Eugene], School of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, School of Earth Sciences [Bristol], Grantham Institute for Climate Change and Division of Biology, Imperial College London, Botany Department, University of Wyoming ( UW ), College of Engineering, Mathematics and Physical Sciences [Exeter] ( EMPS ), University of Exeter, Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] ( LSCE ), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines ( UVSQ ) -Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives ( CEA ) -Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Newton St. Cyres, Osaka University [Osaka], University of Wisconsin-Madison [Madison], School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences ( UNSW - BEES ), University of New South Wales [Sydney] ( UNSW ), Utah Museum of Natural History, Department of Geography, University of Utah, University of Utah, Department of Archaeology and Natural History, Australian National University ( ANU ), Oeschger Centre for Climate Change Research ( OCCR ), University of Bern, Institute of Archaeology, Scientific Research Centre of the Slovenian Academy of Sciences and Arts, Department of Botany, Sofia University 'Sv. Kliment Ohridski', Palynology and Climate Dynamics, Albrecht-von-Haller-Inst. for Plant Sciences, Centre de Bio-Archéologie et d'Ecologie ( CBAE ), Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques ( UM2 ) -École pratique des hautes études ( EPHE ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Canadian Forest Service, Victoria, British Columbia, Paléoenvironnement et chronoécologie UMR 5059-CNRS/Montpellier II/EPHE ( PALECO ), École pratique des hautes études ( EPHE ), School of Environmental and Life Sciences, The University of Newcastle, Institute of Environment, Science and Technology, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne ( EPFL ), School of Geography and Environmental Science, Monash University [Clayton], Institute for Environmental Research, Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation, MARUM, Universität Bremen Postfach, Department of Paleoanthropology and Paleoenvironment, University of Addis Ababa, Department of Archaeology and Natural History ( RSPS ), Biogeoscience Institute, University of Calgary, The University of Tennessee [Knoxville], Seminar of Geography and Education, University of Cologne, Tokushu Kosho Gijutsu Inc, Virginia Polytechnic and State University, United Institute of Geology, Geophysics and Mineralogy of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences ( SB RAS ), Department of Geography and Urban Planning, Dipartimento di Biologia Vegetale, Università degli Studi di Roma 'La Sapienza' [Rome], Institute of Ecology and Biodiversity and Department of Ecological Sciences, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Department of Planning and Environmental Management, School of Geography, The University of Queensland, Bernard Price Institute for Palaeontology, University of the Witwatersrand [Johannesburg] ( WITS ), Forschungsstelle für Paläobotanik, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster ( WWU ), Department of Physical Geography and Quaternary Geology, Stockholm University, Département de Géographie et Centre d'Études Nordiques, Université Laval, Laboratoire Chrono-environnement ( LCE ), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté ( UBFC ) -Université de Franche-Comté ( UFC ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Earth and Environmental Sciences, School of Geography, University of Plymouth, Department of Natural Sciences, Fordham College at Lincoln Center, Research Institute for Humanity and Nature, Department of Plant Sciences, University of the Free State [South Africa], Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Kyoto Prefectural University, Institut des Sciences de la Terre d'Orléans - UMR7327 ( ISTO ), Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) ( BRGM ) -Institut national des sciences de l'Univers ( INSU - CNRS ) -Université d'Orléans ( UO ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), University of Kansas [Lawrence] ( KU ), Forel Institute, University of Geneva [Switzerland], Pedagogic Research Institute and Observatory, University of Plymouth, Central Washington University, Natural Resources Policy Section, NSW Department of Premier and Cabinet, Institute of Botany, State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Chinese Academy of Sciences [Beijing] ( CAS ), School of Geographical Sciences [Bristol], University of Wyoming (UW), College of Engineering, Mathematics and Physical Sciences [Exeter] (EMPS), Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Wisconsin-Madison, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences [Sydney] (BEES), University of New South Wales [Sydney] (UNSW), Australian National University (ANU), Oeschger Centre for Climate Change Research (OCCR), Sofia University 'St. Kliment Ohridski', Centre de Bio-Archéologie et d'Ecologie (CBAE), Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Paléoenvironnement et chronoécologie UMR 5059-CNRS/Montpellier II/EPHE (PALECO), École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Center for Marine Environmental Sciences [Bremen] (MARUM), Universität Bremen, Addis Ababa University (AAU), Department of Archaeology and Natural History (RSPS), Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (SB RAS), Università degli Studi di Roma 'La Sapienza' = Sapienza University [Rome] (UNIROMA), University of the Witwatersrand [Johannesburg] (WITS), Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster = University of Münster (WWU), Université Laval [Québec] (ULaval), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement (UMR 6249) (LCE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences [Plymouth] (SoGEES), Plymouth University, Fordham University [New York], Research Institute for Humanity and Nature (RIHN), University of the Free State [South Africa] (UFS), Kyoto Prefectural University (KPU), Institut des Sciences de la Terre d'Orléans - UMR7327 (ISTO), Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Kansas [Lawrence] (KU), Université de Genève = University of Geneva (UNIGE), Chinese Academy of Sciences [Beijing] (CAS), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2), École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Università degli Studi di Roma 'La Sapienza' = Sapienza University [Rome], Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster (WWU), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement - CNRS - UBFC (UMR 6249) (LCE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Observatoire de Paris, and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM)
Subjects: biomass burning, 010506 paleontology, Atmospheric Science, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, temperature changes, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, Climate change, deglaciation, 01 natural sciences, sedimentary charcoal records, ddc:550, [ SDU.ENVI ] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, Environmental Chemistry, Predictability, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, Biomass burning, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, General Environmental Science, Global and Planetary Change, Fire regime, Moisture, Holocene, Global warming, 15. Life on land, Sedimentary charcoal, [ SDE.MCG ] Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, [SDU.STU.CL]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Climatology, 13. Climate action, Climatology, Environmental science, [ SDU.STU.CL ] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Climatology, climate controls on fire, holocene
Abstract: Climate is an important control on biomass burning, but the sensitivity of fire to changes in temperature and moisture balance has not been quantified. We analyze sedimentary charcoal records to show that the changes in fire regime over the past 21,000 yrs are predictable from changes in regional climates. Analyses of paleo- fire data show that fire increases monotonically with changes in temperature and peaks at intermediate moisture levels, and that temperature is quantitatively the most important driver of changes in biomass burning over the past 21,000 yrs. Given that a similar relationship between climate drivers and fire emerges from analyses of the interannual variability in biomass burning shown by remote-sensing observations of month-by-month burnt area between 1996 and 2008, our results signal a serious cause for concern in the face of continuing global warming. ispartof: Global Biogeochemical Cycles vol:26 issue:4 status: published
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50. Crystalloids in apparent autophagic plastids: remnants of plastids or peroxisomes?

Author: Papini A and van Doorn WG
Subjects: Crystalloid Solutions, Intracellular Membranes metabolism, Intracellular Membranes ultrastructure, Peroxisomes ultrastructure, Plastids ultrastructure, Autophagy, Isotonic Solutions metabolism, Peroxisomes metabolism, Plastids metabolism
Abstract: Plant macroautophagy is carried out by autophagosome-type organelles. Recent evidence suggests that plastids also can carry out macroautophagy. The double membrane at the surface of plastids apparently invaginates, forming an intraplastidial space. This space contains a portion of cytoplasm that apparently becomes degraded. Here we report, in Tillandsia sp. and Aechmaea sp., the presence of almost square or diamond-shaped crystalloids inside what seems the intraplastidial space of autophagous plastids. The same type of crystalloids were observed in chloroplasts and other plastids, but were not found in the cytoplasm or the vacuole. Peroxisomes contained smaller and more irregularly shaped crystalloids compared to the ones observed in 'autophagous' plastids. It is hypothesized that plastids are able to sequester chloroplasts and other plastids., (Copyright © 2014 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved.)
Published: 2015
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