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Dipylidium caninum is a cosmopolitan parasite of companion animals such as dogs and cats. Accidental infection in humans occur mostly in children. Although considerable number of cases were reported from Europe and the Americas, case reports of this zoonotic disease are rather scarce from Asian countries. The aim of this study is to report the results of literature survey on dipylidiasis cases in humans in Japan. Conclusively, we have found a total of 17 cases since the first case report in from Aichi Prefecture in 1925. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dipylidium caninum is a common tapeworm of dogs. Two cases of praziquantel resistance have been described in D. caninum in the United States. No further reports have been published to the authors’ knowledge. Here, the case of a dog imported to Switzerland from Spain with a history of chronic excretion of tapeworm proglottids and unresponsiveness to praziquantel treatments is reported. Clinical signs were mild (restlessness, tenesmus, anal pruritus, squashy feces) and flea infestation could be ruled out. Infection with D. caninum was confirmed through morphological and genetic parasite identification. Different subsequently applied anthelmintic compounds and protocols, including epsiprantel, did not confer the desired effects. Proglottid shedding only stopped after oral mebendazole administration of 86.2 mg kg−1 body weight for 5 consecutive days. Clinical signs resolved and the dog remained coproscopically negative during a follow-up period of 10 months after the last treatment. This case represents the first reported apparent praziquantel and epsiprantel resistance in D. caninum in Europe. Treatment was extremely challenging especially due to the limited availability of efficacious alternative compounds.

Dipylidium caninum (Linnaeus, 1758) is a common zoonotic cestode of dogs and cats worldwide. Previous studies have demonstrated the existence of largely host-associated canine and feline genotypes based on infection studies, differences at the 28S rDNA gene, and complete mitochondrial genomes. There have been no comparative genome-wide studies. Here, we sequenced the genomes of a dog and cat isolate of Dipylidium caninum from the United States using the Illumina platform at mean coverage depths of 45× and 26× and conducted comparative analyses with the reference draft genome. Complete mitochondrial genomes were used to confirm the genotypes of the isolates. Genomes of D. caninum canine and feline genotypes generated in this study, had an average identity of 98% and 89%, respectively, when compared to the reference genome. SNPs were 20 times higher in the feline isolate. Comparison and species delimitation using universally conserved orthologs and protein-coding mitochondrial genes revealed that the canine and feline isolates are different species. Data from this study build a base for future integrative taxonomy. Further genomic studies from geographically diverse populations are necessary to understand implications for taxonomy, epidemiology, veterinary clinical medicine, and anthelmintic resistance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Background Dipylidium caninum is the causal agent of dipylidiasis affecting mainly cats and dogs worldwide. Human cases of dipylidiasis are rare, and the diagnosis is prevalently based on morphological features of the parasite. Here we report the diagnosis of dipylidiasis through morphological and molecular characterization of D. caninum infecting an 11-month-old boy in Cajicá, Colombia. Methods Fresh faecal samples were obtained from the infant, and morphological identification of the parasite was performed through faecal smears. DNA was extracted from proglottids and used in PCR analyses for amplification of a 653-bp fragment of the nuclear ribosomal RNA (rRNA) encoding the 28S rRNA gene. A phylogeny study to better characterize the obtained DNA sequence was inferred using the maximum likelihood method and the Tamura-Nei model. Results After morphological and molecular analyses, D. caninum was identified as the etiological agent causing the infection in the infant. Results of phylogenetical analyses showed that the obtained sequence clusters within the feline genotype clade. After the diagnosis of the parasite, effective treatment with praziquantel was administered to the infant. Conclusions This is the third human case of dipylidiasis reported in Colombia, and the first study in South America to provide a molecular identification of D. caninum. Graphical abstract

Abstract Background Dipilidiosis is a parasitic disease caused by the tapeworm Dipylidium caninum. Fleas and, less frequently, lice act as an intermediate host, and their ingestion is required for infection to occur. While the disease mainly affects domestic and wild carnivores, it is also considered a zoonotic disease, with most human cases reported in children. Dipylidium caninum is considered to be the most common tapeworm infesting companion animals, but dipilidosis in humans is rare. The aims of this review were to improve current understanding of the epidemiology of this parasitosis and its management by the medical and veterinary community. Methods A comprehensive review of the published literature during the last 21 years (2000–2021) on the epidemiology, clinical features, diagnosis, treatment and prevention measures of D. caninum infection and dipilidiosis in companion animals and humans was conducted. Results Using predefined eligibility criteria for a search of the published literature, we retrieved and screened 280 publications. Of these, 161 (141 epidemiological studies, 20 case reports [16 human cases]) were considered for inclusion in this review. This parasitosis is present worldwide; however, despite being the most frequent cestode infection in animals, it is often underdiagnosed using common coprological techniques. Its diagnosis in humans has also proved challenging, being frequently confused with pinworm infection, leading to inappropriate treatment and to the persistence of the disease over time. Prevention measures include control of ectoparasites in animals and the environment, as well as regular deworming of animals, most commonly with praziquantel. Conclusions The diagnosis of dipilidiosis remains challenging in both animals and humans, primarily due to the low sensitivity of the diagnostic methods currently available and a lack of knowledge of the morphological characteristics of the parasite. Although treatment with the appropriate anti-cestode compounds is well tolerated and results in resolution of the infection, indiscriminate use of these compounds may predispose to an increase in resistance. Given the worldwide distribution of this parasite, it is essential to act on several fronts, with a focus on health education for children and animal owners and the control of intermediate hosts, both in animals and in the surrounding environment. Graphical Abstract

Cats are one of the many pets kept in Indonesia. Dipylidiasis is a disease that often occurs in cats caused by infection with the Cestode worm Dipylidium caninum. The case study at the Rvet Bogor clinic aimed to find out Dipylidiosis cases as well as its diagnostic and treatment techniques. Medical record data for September 2020 to September 2021 showed fluctuations in Dipylidiosis cases in 35 cat patients at the Rvet Bogor clinic. The highest infection of Dipylidium caninum in cats occurred during the rainy season from November 2020 to March 2021. The lowest disease of D. caninum in cats happened in the dry season in August 2021 and September 2021. The patient is a cat named Nuna with a lethargy condition and of soft stools and a there is a gravid proglottid on her perianal. Groups of D.caninum eggs were seen around the gravid proglottids found in the perianal area of Nuna cat patients. Drontal® anthelmintic was given to cats infected with D. caninum at the Rvet Bogor clinic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Dipylidium caninum is the causal agent of dipylidiasis affecting mainly cats and dogs worldwide. Human cases of dipylidiasis are rare, and the diagnosis is prevalently based on morphological features of the parasite. Here we report the diagnosis of dipylidiasis through morphological and molecular characterization of D. caninum infecting an 11-month-old boy in Cajicá, Colombia. Methods: Fresh faecal samples were obtained from the infant, and morphological identification of the parasite was performed through faecal smears. DNA was extracted from proglottids and used in PCR analyses for amplification of a 653-bp fragment of the nuclear ribosomal RNA (rRNA) encoding the 28S rRNA gene. A phylogeny study to better characterize the obtained DNA sequence was inferred using the maximum likelihood method and the Tamura-Nei model. Results: After morphological and molecular analyses, D. caninum was identified as the etiological agent causing the infection in the infant. Results of phylogenetical analyses showed that the obtained sequence clusters within the feline genotype clade. After the diagnosis of the parasite, effective treatment with praziquantel was administered to the infant. Conclusions: This is the third human case of dipylidiasis reported in Colombia, and the first study in South America to provide a molecular identification of D. caninum. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The tapeworm Dipylidium caninum is the most widely distributed cestode infecting dogs, cats, and sometimes humans, worldwide. The diagnosis of the infection caused by D. caninum is achieved via the visualization of proglottids in feces or with traditional microscopic tests, but both lack sensitivity. The present study has evaluated and compared the diagnostic performance of a PCR protocol on different feline biological samples to detect D. caninum. A sample of feces, a Scotch tape test from the perianal area, and a rectal swab were collected from a total of 100 privately owned cats from Italy and Greece. All fecal samples were subjected to macroscopic examination and to floatation. Based on the results of the above tests the cats were divided in three groups, i.e. (i) cats positive for D. caninum (regardless of positivity for other endoparasites (Group A; n = 50 cats), (ii) cats negative for D. caninum but infected by other helminths (Group B; n = 25 cats), and (iii) cats negative for intestinal endoparasites (Group C; n = 25 cats). For each sample, the DNA was extracted from feces, floatation supernatant, Scotch tape test and rectal swabs and subjected to PCR. For 33 cats from Group A, at least one sample type scored positive at PCR. Of these, all were PCR-positive in the floatation aliquot, while nine and one cats were positive by PCR on feces and Scotch tape test, respectively. Swabs were negative by PCR for all the cats. None of the samples from cats of Groups B and C was positive by any PCR. Sequences obtained from amplicons generated from samples of cats enrolled in Italy had 99–100 % identity with the recently described D. caninum feline genotype. The data presented here suggest that PCR could be a useful tool for diagnosing D. caninum infections, under certain circumstances, e.g. when proglottids are unidentified, unseen or overlooked, even though it has limitations, e.g. false negative results due to fecal PCR inhibitors, uneven distribution of parasitic elements, or to intermittent proglottid and/or egg shedding. Thus, it may not be, currently, the best diagnostic choice for dipylidiosis. • The zoonotic tapeworm Dipylidium caninum affects companion animals worldwide. • The diagnosis of dipylidiosis is difficult due to limitations in sensitivity. • The study compared the diagnostic performance of different methods to detect D. caninum. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dipylidium caninum, a zoonotic parasite, is known to be widely spread across the globe. In this case, we present a report of dipylidiasis in a puppy with the associated pathological lesions. A two-month-old German shepherd puppy was presented to the University of Jos Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Polo, with a complaint of loss of weight and inappetence. The puppy died shortly before treatment could be instituted, and the carcass was submitted for postmortem examination. A flea (Ctenocephalides canis) was identified on the body during the postmortem examination. The lungs were severely pale, and the intestinal mucosae had petechial haemorrhages with multiple button-like ulcers. Live worms were seen within the intestinal lumen, identified as Dipylidium caninum. Histopathological lesions include cellular necrosis in the submucosa and muscularis, obliteration of goblet cells and intestinal crypts in the colon. Based on the intestinal lesions observed in this report, it was concluded that dipylidiasis could be considered as a differential diagnosis in dogs at postmortem. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dipylidium caninum (Linnaeus, 1758) is a common zoonotic cestode of dogs and cats worldwide. Previous studies have demonstrated the existence of largely host-associated canine and feline genotypes based on infection studies, differences at the 28S rDNA gene, and complete mitochondrial genomes. There have been no comparative genome-wide studies. Here, we sequenced the genomes of a dog and cat isolate of Dipylidium caninum from the United States using the Illumina platform at mean coverage depths of 45× and 26× and conducted comparative analyses with the reference draft genome. Complete mitochondrial genomes were used to confirm the genotypes of the isolates. Genomes of D. caninum canine and feline genotypes generated in this study, had an average identity of 98% and 89%, respectively, when compared to the reference genome. SNPs were 20 times higher in the feline isolate. Comparison and species delimitation using universally conserved orthologs and protein-coding mitochondrial genes revealed that the canine and feline isolates are different species. Data from this study build a base for future integrative taxonomy. Further genomic studies from geographically diverse populations are necessary to understand implications for taxonomy, epidemiology, veterinary clinical medicine, and anthelmintic resistance.

Parasitic diseases of the gastrointestinal have a bad impact for dogs and cats. This study was conducted to determine the prevalence, types, and different of maintenance system on dogs and cats in Kaki 4 and K-5 clinics Kediri city. This study used 100 samples of cat and dog feses kept in 10% formaline and 2% potassium dichromate. 50 samples were collected from Kaki 4 Clinic and another 50 from K-5 Clinic. The study used native, sediment, and flotation methods. The result showed 4% prevalence i.e. 2 samples are positively infected by Ancylostoma sp. (2%), 1 sample is positively infected by Toxocara cati (1%), and 1 sample is positively infected by Ancylostoma sp., Dipylidium caninum, and Toxascaris leonina (1%). Classified by maintenance system, the dogs and cats that maintenance with semi-intensif system prevalence was 2.1% (2/96), while intensif prevalence of 50% (2/4). Based on gender, male prevalence of 7.4% (4/54), while a female not infected by gastrointestinal parasite. Classified by age, the dogs and cats under age of one year the prevalence of 4.2% (2/47), while those age one year or more prevalence was 3.8% (2/53). Based antiparasitic drugs that given the dogs and cats prevalence was 2.1% (2/96), while not given prevalence of 50% (2/4). Based on breed, the pure breed prevalence of 2.8% (1/36), mix breed prevalence of 12.5% (1/8), while the domestic breed prevalence was 3.6% (2/56). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Dipilidiosis is a parasitic disease caused by the tapeworm Dipylidium caninum. Fleas and, less frequently, lice act as an intermediate host, and their ingestion is required for infection to occur. While the disease mainly affects domestic and wild carnivores, it is also considered a zoonotic disease, with most human cases reported in children. Dipylidium caninum is considered to be the most common tapeworm infesting companion animals, but dipilidosis in humans is rare. The aims of this review were to improve current understanding of the epidemiology of this parasitosis and its management by the medical and veterinary community. Methods: A comprehensive review of the published literature during the last 21 years (2000–2021) on the epidemiology, clinical features, diagnosis, treatment and prevention measures of D. caninum infection and dipilidiosis in companion animals and humans was conducted. Results: Using predefined eligibility criteria for a search of the published literature, we retrieved and screened 280 publications. Of these, 161 (141 epidemiological studies, 20 case reports [16 human cases]) were considered for inclusion in this review. This parasitosis is present worldwide; however, despite being the most frequent cestode infection in animals, it is often underdiagnosed using common coprological techniques. Its diagnosis in humans has also proved challenging, being frequently confused with pinworm infection, leading to inappropriate treatment and to the persistence of the disease over time. Prevention measures include control of ectoparasites in animals and the environment, as well as regular deworming of animals, most commonly with praziquantel. Conclusions: The diagnosis of dipilidiosis remains challenging in both animals and humans, primarily due to the low sensitivity of the diagnostic methods currently available and a lack of knowledge of the morphological characteristics of the parasite. Although treatment with the appropriate anti-cestode compounds is well tolerated and results in resolution of the infection, indiscriminate use of these compounds may predispose to an increase in resistance. Given the worldwide distribution of this parasite, it is essential to act on several fronts, with a focus on health education for children and animal owners and the control of intermediate hosts, both in animals and in the surrounding environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Considering the close contact of companion animals and humans, gastrointestinal parasitic zoonoses are very widespread and represent a high risk of transmission with the potential of severe consequences affecting the digestive tract of both humans and other animals. In this study we focused on enteric zoonoses caused by Toxocara canis nematode, Dipylidium caninum tapeworm and Giardia duodenalis protozoa. Our primary aim was to observe Toxocara canis egg excretion within the 27 consecutive days before and after orally treatment (2 Caniverm® tablets) on Day 13 in a naturally infected puppy. An average egg per gram (EPG) of T. canis detected by coprological quantitative McMaster method was 4558.33 and 666.66, before and after treatment, respectively. The percentage of faecal egg count reduction (%FECR) in in vivo Faecal Egg Count Reduction Test (FECRT) has confirmed an 85.37 % efficacy against T. canis. Secondly, the efficacy of Caniverm® against the tapeworm Dipylidium caninum was also determined. No D. caninum proglottides were detected on Day 14. The data showed 100 % effectiveness of the anthelmintic treatment. Metrobactin® 250 mg has been tested as experimental therapy against Giardia duodenalis on Day 3. On day 10, no cysts were observed in the faeces after per os ¼ tablet administration twice a day for 7 days.

Dipylidiasis is a zoonotic intestinal cestode disease caused by Dipylidium caninum. ‎The objective of this study was to investigate the prevalence of Dipylidium caninum infections ‎in dogs from Baghdad city. The study involved the impact of sexes, age, during nine months ‎‎(from January to October 2021) on dipylidiasis infection in pet and stray dogs. 108 faecal ‎samples were collected from (54 pets and 54 stray dogs) then examined for the detection of D. ‎caninum egg capsules and eggs using coprological diagnosis (flotation and sedimentation ‎methods) in the laboratory of parasitology / College of Veterinary Medicine, University of ‎Baghdad. The overall infection rate was 14.81% (16/108). The study revealed the infection rate ‎of D. caninum from pets and stray dogs was 9.26% (5/54), and 20.37% (11/54), respectively. ‎Infection rates in stray dogs were high during March, April, and May (12.5% for each month), ‎compared with pet dogs (0%, 6.25%, 6.25%) respectively, while in January, the rate of ‎infection was 0% in both types, significantly (P

Background: Fleas (Insecta: Siphonaptera) are considered as highly specialized bloodsucking on mammals such as humans, livestock, dog, cat, rabbit, squirrels, rats, and mice. The desire for blood feeding from warm-blooded animals has led to becoming an intermediate host for some tapeworms like Dipylidium. The aim of this study was to detect D. caninum larval infection in fleas of dogs living in Meshkinshahr County, northwest of Iran. Methods: Fleas were collected from 42 dogs using brushing the hair in Meshkinshahr for one year (2014-2015). After the morphological study, fleas were preserved in 90% ethanol for molecular identification. After DNA extraction, the 28S ribosomal RNA gene (~670 bp) of D. caninum was amplified using specific primers. Finally, the PCR products were sequenced. Results: Overs, 974 fleas were collected from the dogs. In the morphological study, three species Ctenocephalides canis, Ct. felis, and Pulex irritans were identified. PCR and sequence analysis results showed that 4 isolates Ct. Canis were infected with D. caninum. Also, no positive specimens were isolated from the other two species. Conclusion: Ct. canis is reported as the most important species of fleas in transferring D. caninum in that region.

Background: Fleas (Insecta: Siphonaptera) are considered as highly specialized bloodsucking on mammals such as humans, livestock, dog, cat, rabbit, squirrels, rats, and mice. The desire for blood feeding from warm-blooded animals has led to becoming an intermediate host for some tapeworms like Dipylidium. The aim of this study was to detect D. caninum larval infection in fleas of dogs living in Meshkinshahr County, northwest of Iran. Methods: Fleas were collected from 42 dogs using brushing the hair in Meshkinshahr for one year (2014-2015). After the morphological study, fleas were preserved in 90% ethanol for molecular identification. After DNA extraction, the 28S ribosomal RNA gene (~670 bp) of D. caninum was amplified using specific primers. Finally, the PCR products were sequenced. Results: Overs, 974 fleas were collected from the dogs. In the morphological study, three species Ctenocephalides canis, Ct. felis, and Pulex irritans were identified. PCR and sequence analysis results showed that 4 isolates Ct. Canis were infected with D. caninum. Also, no positive specimens were isolated from the other two species. Conclusion: Ct. canis is reported as the most important species of fleas in transferring D. caninum in that region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Background The persistent problem of canine infection with Dipylidium caninum, in spite of the wide accessibility of drugs proposed essentially to kill cestodes, recommends the need to discover other effective alternative therapy. The present study aimed to explore the role of Balanites aegyptiaca fruits against the adult D. caninum, and whether its methanolic extract had any effect on the tegument of adult cestode which is essential for the protective function, following 12- and 24-h incubation in vitro. The tegumental alterations were assessed by using both light and scanning electron microscopic studies. Results The Balanites extract exhibited cestocidal effect in vitro on D. caninum, and the tegument of the adult worm appeared to be its primary target. This finding was supported by differences in extract response depending on the exposure period. After 12-h incubation in vitro with Balanites extract, the tegumental changes concerned the scolex other than the proglottides, while by 24-h incubation, the changes in the adult cestodes concerned the whole body surface. Conclusion The tegumental distortion appeared to be the main changes induced by treatment with the tested extract. This alteration would obviously disrupt the protective function of the tegument and facilitate expelling of the adult cestode from the dog’s intestine.

As ectoparasites and efficient vectors of pathogens fleas constitute a source of nuisance for animals as well as a major issue for public health in Algeria. In this study, a molecular survey has been conducted to investigate the presence of pathogens in fleas infesting domestic and wild carnivores in the central north and eastern north and south of Algeria. The molecular screening that targeted Acanthocheilonema reconditum, Bartonella spp.,and Dipylidium caninum, was supplemented by a comprehensive analysis of risk factors related to flea-borne pathogens, drawing data from all documentation across multiple languages and sources from Morocco, Algeria, and Tunisia. In the current study, several Bartonella spp. 56/430 (13.02%) and Dipylidium caninum 3/430 (0.7%) were identified. The sequencing results revealed 5/23 (21.74%) B. clarridgeiae, 3/23 (13.04%) B. henselae, and 3/23 (13.04%) B. vinsonii. The two haplotypes, H1 and H2, of D. caninum were identified for the first time in North Africa. The results of the Artificial Neural Network risk analyses unveiled that the prevalence of pathogens and the presence of host generalist fleas as well as the vectorial competence are the most determinant risk factors of flea-borne diseases in Maghreb., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that there is no conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2023. Published by Elsevier Ltd.)

Background: A Rottweiler male dog carcass (7 years) with clinical history of inappetence, pyrexia, diarrhoea and nasal discharge was received in the post mortem hall of the Department of Veterinary Pathology, LUVAS, Hisar, Haryana. The current work was aimed to study the clinical history, pathological and parasitological examination in the Rottweiler male dog carcass. Methods: After collection of the samples, laboratory work was undertaken in the laboratories of Department of Veterinary Pathology and Veterinary Parasitology, LUVAS, Hisar, Haryana (India) in the year 2018-2019 regarding the examination of the clinical history, pathological and parasitological investigation. Result: Necropsy revealed anaemic mucous membranes; pale conjunctiva; hydrothorax; hydroperitoneum; lungs and heart were congested, blackish discolouration of liver; fully distended gall bladder; congested along with thickened intestinal mucosa; intestinal lumen contained white nematode as well as long creamy cestodes identified as Toxocara canis and Dipylidium caninum, respectively. Histopathologically, intestine revealed presence of severe fibrino-necrotic enteritis characterized by infiltration of mono nuclear cells, degeneration and desquamation of microvilli, congested blood vessels and haemorrhages. Spleen revealed acute splenitis with presence of severe hemorrhages along with neutrophilic infiltration. Liver revealed areas of necrotic hepatitis. The case was confirmed as parasitic fibino-necrotic enteritis due to mixed infection by Toxocara canis and Dipylidium caninum. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Here, we present a draft genome of the tapeworm Dipylidium caninum (family Dipylidiidae) and compare it with other cestode genomes. This draft genome of D. caninum is 110 Mb in size, has a repeat content of ~13.4% and is predicted to encode ~10,000 protein-coding genes. We inferred excretory/secretory molecules (representing the secretome), other key groups of proteins (including peptidases, kinases, phosphatases, GTPases, receptors, transporters and ion-channels) and predicted potential intervention targets for future evaluation. Using 144 shared single-copy orthologous sequences, we investigated the genetic relationships of cestodes for which nuclear genomes are available. This study provides first insights into the molecular biology of D. caninum and a new resource for comparative genomic and genetic explorations of this and other flatworms. • We present a draft genome of the tapeworm Dipylidium caninum. • We investigated the genetic relationships of cestodes for which nuclear genomes are available. • This study provides first insights into the molecular genetics and biology of D. caninum. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Foxes are a reservoir of parasites that are dangerous to humans. The aim of the study was to determine the parameters associated with the occurrence of tapeworms in red foxes in north-western Poland.

Abstract Background Dipylidium caninum is a common tapeworm of dogs contracted from ingestion of fleas containing the infective cysticercoid stage. Fluralaner is a systemically distributed isoxazoline class insecticide that delivers highly effective activity against fleas and ticks for up to 12 weeks after a single oral or topical treatment. This study evaluated the impact of this flea insecticidal efficacy on the transmission of D. caninum to dogs. Methods Dogs were weighed and treated with a cestocide and then randomly assigned to 3 groups of 8. Fluralaner was administered topically (at the commercial dose) to one group and orally to another group while the third received topically administered sterile water. All dogs were subsequently infested with about 100 D. caninum infected Ctenocephalides felis at 7, 14, 21, 28, 35, 42, 49, 56, 63, 70, 77 and 83 days after treatment. Visual proglottid inspections and counts were conducted daily from 35 to 113 days post-treatment. Post-treatment D. caninum incidence was calculated for each group and compared between treated and untreated groups. Results All 8 dogs in the placebo-treated group became infected with D. caninum while no shed proglottids were observed at any point during the post-treatment period from any dog in either fluralaner treated group. Conclusions The insecticidal efficacy of a single treatment of either orally or topically administered fluralaner prevented D. caninum transmission from infected fleas to susceptible dogs for up to 12 weeks following administration.

The cucumber tapeworm Dipylidium caninum (Cestoda, Dilepididae) is a common intestinal parasite of dogs and cats and can cause dipylidiasis in humans, especially in infants and children. In this study, the complete mitogenome of this tapeworm was sequenced using next-generation sequencing technology. The entire genome was 14,226 bp in size and encoded 36 genes, including 12 protein-coding genes, 22 transfer RNA genes, and 2 ribosomal RNA genes. The phylogeny revealed that D. caninum grouped with other species from the order Cyclophyllidea and separated from species of Pseudophyllidea. Within the Dipylidiidae, both dog-originated D. caninum were phylogenetic distinctiveness from cat-originated D. caninum, suggesting that D. caninum may represent a species complex. Altogether, the complete mitogenome of D. caninum sequenced here should contribute to a better understanding of the phylogenetic and taxonomic placement of this species.

Dipylidium caninum is a rare cestode infection in India, only previously reported in children. We herein report the case of a 50-year-old female from India who presented with a 1-year history of abdominal pain associated with vomiting, cough, and passing worm segments in stool. She had been treated with albendazole without benefit. A stool examination revealed proglottids and egg clusters of D. caninum. She was treated with praziquental 600 mg once daily for 5 days. At follow-up a month later, she had recovered completely, and repeat stool examination was negative for proglottids and eggs. Dipylidiasis can rarely occur among adults in India and present with abdominal pain and cough. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The persistent problem of canine infection with Dipylidium caninum, in spite of the wide accessibility of drugs proposed essentially to kill cestodes, recommends the need to discover other effective alternative therapy. The present study aimed to explore the role of Balanites aegyptiaca fruits against the adult D. caninum, and whether its methanolic extract had any effect on the tegument of adult cestode which is essential for the protective function, following 12- and 24-h incubation in vitro. The tegumental alterations were assessed by using both light and scanning electron microscopic studies. Results: The Balanites extract exhibited cestocidal effect in vitro on D. caninum, and the tegument of the adult worm appeared to be its primary target. This finding was supported by differences in extract response depending on the exposure period. After 12-h incubation in vitro with Balanites extract, the tegumental changes concerned the scolex other than the proglottides, while by 24-h incubation, the changes in the adult cestodes concerned the whole body surface. Conclusion: The tegumental distortion appeared to be the main changes induced by treatment with the tested extract. This alteration would obviously disrupt the protective function of the tegument and facilitate expelling of the adult cestode from the dog’s intestine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Intestinal parasites, including cestodes like Dipylidium caninum , are common in dogs in the United States of America (USA), but fecal flotation consistently, and, at times, dramatically, fails to identify many of these infections. To determine the extent to which including coproantigen testing for D. caninum would improve the identification of dogs infected with this cestode, we evaluated fecal samples from 877 dogs (589 pet and 288 from municipal shelters) from six USA states using zinc sulfate (specific gravity 1.24) fecal flotation with centrifugation along with coproantigen detection for Giardia sp., hookworms, ascarids, and Trichuris vulpis. For D. caninum , PCR of perianal swabs was included. Intestinal parasite infections were identified, using centrifugal fecal flotation or coproantigen, in 265 dogs (13.2 % pet, 64.9 % shelter). Dipylidium caninum infection was detected in 5.6 % of dogs with the combination of coproantigen and centrifugal fecal flotation, and 7.3 % of dogs when perianal swab results were included; prevalence varied by diagnostic method, population, and geographic region. In pet dogs, D. caninum infection was identified by fecal flotation (0), coproantigen (2.2 %), or perianal swabs (1.2 %). The same methods revealed infection in 0.3 %, 12.5 %, and 11.1 % of shelter dogs, respectively. Frequent use of praziquantel in shelter dogs (116/288; 40.3 %) may have reduced prevalence. Positive and negative agreement of D. caninum coproantigen with perianal swab PCR in pet dogs was 85.7 % and 98.8 %, respectively. Multiple logistic regression analysis accounting for region, population, and age found D. caninum infection to be more common in shelter dogs relative to pet (adjusted OR 4.91 [2.48, 10.24]) and in the Southcentral and Southeast regions relative to North (adjusted OR 9.59 [1.92, 174.13] and 17.69 [3.67, 318.09] respectively). Coproantigen testing also enhanced the detection of other intestinal parasites over fecal flotation alone, including Giardia sp. (14.7 % vs 3.3 %), hookworms (13.8 % vs 8.4 %), ascarids (2.9 % vs 2.2 %), and T. vulpis (2.9 % vs 1.4 %). Together, these data indicate that the coproantigen assay employed increases detection of D. caninum infections several fold, supporting the use of this test in clinical practice, and add to a growing body of research documenting enhanced diagnosis through implementation of multiple laboratory-based methods. [Display omitted] • Canine Dipylidium caninum infections readily identified by coproantigen assay. • Dipylidium caninum detected in > 20 % of shelter dogs from southern states. • Intestinal parasites found in > 10 % of pet and > 60 % of shelter dogs tested. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The first case report of human dipylidiasis in Venezuela is presented, including the diagnosis and treatment of a two-year-old child's infection. The diagnosis was parasitologically confirmed, the child was treated with praziquantel and the animal reservoir and its fleas were identified. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dogs are reservoirs of many zoonotic diseases. In Ethiopia, the majority of owned dogs are semi-stray, freely roaming in the community. Studies reporting dog borne zoonotic diseases are scarce in Ethiopia. This study was conducted to assess Dipylidium caninum infection in dogs and in children with gastrointestinal complaints in Bishoftu Town, Oromia. We collected 384 fecal samples from dogs presented to veterinary teaching hospital and 259 stool samples from children presented to Bishoftu Hospital for clinical examination. Samples were first macroscopically examined for the presence of proglotids, followed by microscopic examination for the presence of eggs with the direct smear following flotation technique. The prevalence of D. caninum was 21% (95% CI: 16.6–24.9) in dogs. Although not statistically significant (p > 0.05), higher prevalence was detected in adult (11.9%), local breed (17.7%), and male (12.6%) dogs compared to young (8.59%), exotic breed (2.86%), and females (7.81%), respectively. Dipylidium caninum was detected in a stool sample obtained from a three year-old child (0.4%, 1/259). This study showed that the prevalence of D. caninum in the dogs is high while it is rare in children. Although the prevalence in children is negligible in this study, the high proportion of infected dogs can pose a significant risk of infection in the general human population. Public health risk can be reduced by eliminating the semi-roaming of owned dogs and proper management of dogs with regular deworming and prevention of environmental contamination with dog feces. Similarly, raising public awareness about dog borne zoonoses and avoiding contact with dog feces are important.

This study was conducted in the country of Zambia, Southern Africa, to investigate the occurrence of endo-parasites in indigenous Zambian dogs. Faecal samples were collected from 41 indigenous Zambian dogs from different areas of the Mbabala region in the Southern province of Zambia during the “hot wet” season, although at the time that the samples were collected, the country was experiencing a drought. Faecal samples were analysed using the concentration flotation method with zinc sulphate for the determination of the presence of gastrointestinal parasites. The most prevalent parasites were species from the family Ancylostomatidae (65.0 % infection rate) which followed by: Isospora canis (9.8 %), Dipylidium caninum (4.8 %), and Toxascaris leonina (2.4 %). There were in addition, two cases of co-infections with the family Ancylostomatidae and D. caninum, as well as the family Ancylostomatidae and I. canis.

Nghiên cứu được thực hiện nhằm xác định loài sán dây phổ biến nhất gây tác hại chủ yếu trên chó nuôi tại một số tỉnh Đồng bằng sông Cửu Long (An Giang, Đồng Tháp, Sóc Trăng, Kiên Giang). Đề tài đã xác định các đặc điểm hình thái và sinh học phân tử của loài sán dây này. Có 882 cá thể chó được mổ khám trong nghiên cứu bằng phương pháp mổ khám toàn diện Skrjabin, chó nhiễm sán dây với tỷ lệ chung là 26,30%. Kết quả cho thấy, 5 loài sán dây ký sinh trên chó nuôi là Dipylidium caninum, Spirometra mansoni, Taenia pisiformis, Taenia hydatigena và Diphylobothrium latum, trong đó, Dipylidium caninum là loài sán dây thuộc bộ Cyclophylidae, có tỷ lệ nhiễm và cường độ nhiễm cao nhất. Đề tài đã mô tả chi các đặc điểm hình thái chi tiết để nhận dạng sán dây qua các bộ phận cấu tạo khác nhau như: đốt đầu, đốt cổ, đốt trưởng thành, đốt chửa và trứng của chúng. Các đoạn sán dây này được giải trình tự gen và so sánh với chuỗi DNA của sán dây Dipylidium caninum khác đã đăng ký trên Ngân hàng gen thế giới (National center for Biotechnology Information), Mỹ. Kết quả chỉ ra rằng chuỗi DNA của sán dây trong nghiên cứu có độ tương đồng cao (96%) so với loài sán dây Dipylidium caninum của Mỹ trên Ngân hàng gen thế giới với mã đăng ký là AF023120.1.

The cucumber tapeworm Dipylidium caninum (Cestoda, Dilepididae) is a common intestinal parasite of dogs and cats and can cause dipylidiasis in humans, especially in infants and children. In this study, the complete mitogenome of this tapeworm was sequenced using next-generation sequencing technology. The entire genome was 14,226 bp in size and encoded 36 genes, including 12 protein-coding genes, 22 transfer RNA genes, and 2 ribosomal RNA genes. The phylogeny revealed that D. caninum grouped with other species from the order Cyclophyllidea and separated from species of Pseudophyllidea. Within the Dipylidiidae, both dog-originated D. caninum were phylogenetic distinctiveness from cat-originated D. caninum, suggesting that D. caninum may represent a species complex. Altogether, the complete mitogenome of D. caninum sequenced here should contribute to a better understanding of the phylogenetic and taxonomic placement of this species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Parasite (1252607X) is the property of EDP Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Parasite (1252607X) is the property of EDP Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Parasitic worm incidences are common in canines but can typically be contained with existing treatments. When not contained, these can go on to infect humans and cause different medical problems depending on the parasite. Therefore, further researching was conducted on the following parasitic worms in canines, Isospora (coccidia), Toxocara canis (roundworms), Trichuris vulpis (whipworms), Dipylidium caninum (tapeworms), and Ancylostoma caninum (canine hookworm). We decided to test canine fecal samples to determine the prevalence of each in the Bryan/College Station area. The samples collected were tested for the presence of oocytes and eggs from parasitic worms using Fecasol solution as part of a fecal flotation test. The results indicated over half of the samples collected tested positive for a parasitic worm infection of a certain species. The highest number of positive cases were from those infected with hookworms. In canines with more than one parasitic worm, the most common grouping was hookworms with roundworms. This research emphasized the need for greater public awareness on worm treatments to prevent possible spread to humans via zoonotic disease and to maintain dog health. This information can also be included as part of a public awareness campaign to address the risks of canine to canine transmission and canine to human transmission when dogs are not treated with preventatives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Intestinal helminths are common in dogs in the United States, particularly non-treated dogs in animal shelters, but surveys by fecal flotation may underestimate their prevalence. To determine the prevalence of intestinal helminths and evaluate the ability of fecal flotation and detection of nematode antigen to identify those infections, contents of the entire gastrointestinal tract of 97 adult (>1 year) dogs previously identified for humane euthanasia at two animal control shelters in northeastern Oklahoma, USA, were screened. All helminths recovered were washed in saline and fixed prior to enumeration and identification to genus and species. Fecal samples from each dog were examined by passive sodium nitrate (SG 1.33) and centrifugal sugar solution (SG 1.25) flotation. Fecal antigen detection assays were used to confirm the presence of nematode antigen in frozen fecal samples from 92 dogs. Necropsy examination revealed Ancylostoma caninum in 45/97 (46.4%), Toxocara canis in 11/97 (11.3%), Trichuris vulpis in 38/97 (39.2%), Dipylidium caninum in 48/97 (49.5%), and Taenia sp. in 7/97 (7.2%) dogs. Passive fecal flotation identified 38/45 (84.4%) A. caninum , 6/11 (54.5%) T. canis, 26/38 (68.4%) T. vulpis , 2/48 (4.2%) D. caninum, and 1/7 (14.3%) Taenia sp. infections, while centrifugal flotation combined with antigen detection assays identified A. caninum in 97.7% (43/44), T. canis in 77.8% (7/9), and T. vulpis in 83.3% (30/36) of infected dogs based on necropsy recovery of nematodes. Taken together, these data indicate that detection of nematode antigen is a useful adjunct to microscopic examination of fecal samples for parasite eggs, and that this approach can improve diagnostic sensitivity for intestinal nematode infections in dogs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]