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Abstract Functional fermentation strains were isolated and screened from traditional fairy beans in northern Anhui. Through technical identification, Bacillus subtilis SXD06 was determined to be the superior fermentation strain, while Wickerhamomyces anomalus YE006 was identified as the optimal aroma-producing yeast. Utilizing single-factor experiments and response surface optimization, a Central Composite Design fermentation and blending model was established. The optimal fermentation conditions were determined to be: an inoculation amount of 1.1% for Bacillus subtilis SXD06, an inoculation amount of 4.2% for Wickerhamomyces anomalus YE006, and a fermentation temperature of 34 °C, Fermentation lasted 84.2 h. SDS-PAGE electrophoresis comparison between control and sample groups indicated effective fermentation, with most fairy beans converting to amino acids. Optimal conditions were identified as 5.5% salt, 0.26% star anise powder, 0.25% cinnamon, 1.5% pepper, 4.5% edible alcohol, and 0.28% fragrant leaves. The sensory evaluation of soybean products produced under the specified conditions yielded the highest scores. This study offers robust technical support for the development of low-ammonia, high-quality fairy bean products that align with consumer preferences. Graphical abstract

Functional fermentation strains were isolated and screened from traditional fairy beans in northern Anhui. Through technical identification, Bacillus subtilis SXD06 was determined to be the superior fermentation strain, while Wickerhamomyces anomalus YE006 was identified as the optimal aroma-producing yeast. Utilizing single-factor experiments and response surface optimization, a Central Composite Design fermentation and blending model was established. The optimal fermentation conditions were determined to be: an inoculation amount of 1.1% for Bacillus subtilis SXD06, an inoculation amount of 4.2% for Wickerhamomyces anomalus YE006, and a fermentation temperature of 34 °C, Fermentation lasted 84.2 h. SDS-PAGE electrophoresis comparison between control and sample groups indicated effective fermentation, with most fairy beans converting to amino acids. Optimal conditions were identified as 5.5% salt, 0.26% star anise powder, 0.25% cinnamon, 1.5% pepper, 4.5% edible alcohol, and 0.28% fragrant leaves. The sensory evaluation of soybean products produced under the specified conditions yielded the highest scores. This study offers robust technical support for the development of low-ammonia, high-quality fairy bean products that align with consumer preferences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Smart adherence products enable the monitoring of medication intake in real-time. However, the value of real-time medication intake monitoring to different stakeholders such as patients, their caregivers, clinicians, and insurers is not elucidated. The aim of this study was to explore the value different stakeholders place on the availability of smart adherence products and access to real-time medication intake data. A qualitative study design using semi-structured one-on-one virtual interviews was utilized. Schwartz's theory of values provided the foundation for the interview questions, data were analyzed using Braun and Clark's thematic analysis framework, and findings were mapped back to the constructs of Schwartz's theory of values. A total of 31 interviews with patients, caregivers, healthcare providers, and representatives of private or public insurance providers were conducted. Three themes and ten subthemes were identified. Themes included perceptions of integrating smart medication adherence technologies and real-time monitoring, technology adoption factors and data management. Stakeholders place different values based on the motivators and goals that can drive product use for daily medication management. Stakeholders valued the availability of real-time medication taking data that allow clinicians to make timely data-driven recommendations to their patients that may improve medication management for patients and reduce the caregiver burden. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A technique for registering and relating events that cause an observable and definable system state is proposed. Discrete events of system-state transfer are expressed by event tracking and clustering in the form of contiguous quanta of data. This approach is capable of describing typical processes in industrial systems in a chain of codes that contain system input/output parameters. The constituent nodes of the Markovian Processes chain form a series akin to genes in the deoxyribonucleic acid, repeatable and predictable. The process genes are the quanta of information that aligns to represent a chain of activities (process). They describe the causal links between occurring events forming a pattern (pathway) that leads to a well-specified output (e.g., a product with a defect or otherwise). The creation of process genomics requires the knowledge of system observed or latent parameters (state) as well as the state change at specified time intervals (discretization). The process genomics theory is tested in an industrial case study for quality assessment and control of glue dispensing in micro-semiconductor manufacturing. The resulting definitions of the system state and interrelationship of control parameters contribute to the development of the process genes. The outcome of the gene alignment is the geometric interpretation of the glue droplet formation. A predicted or observed droplet within the production tolerance leads to a nondefective product. The principle of creating production genomics is to find and rectify the defect-causing genes or to disrupt the sequences that lead to producing defective products, leading to a zero-defect manufacturing process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Smart adherence products enable the monitoring of medication intake in real-time. However, the value of real-time medication intake monitoring to different stakeholders such as patients, their caregivers, clinicians, and insurers is not elucidated. The aim of this study was to explore the value different stakeholders place on the availability of smart adherence products and access to real-time medication intake data. A qualitative study design using semi-structured one-on-one virtual interviews was utilized. Schwartz’s theory of values provided the foundation for the interview questions, data were analyzed using Braun and Clark’s thematic analysis framework, and findings were mapped back to the constructs of Schwartz’s theory of values. A total of 31 interviews with patients, caregivers, healthcare providers, and representatives of private or public insurance providers were conducted. Three themes and ten subthemes were identified. Themes included perceptions of integrating smart medication adherence technologies and real-time monitoring, technology adoption factors and data management. Stakeholders place different values based on the motivators and goals that can drive product use for daily medication management. Stakeholders valued the availability of real-time medication taking data that allow clinicians to make timely data-driven recommendations to their patients that may improve medication management for patients and reduce the caregiver burden.

Objective To collect and summarize the literature related to dispensing technology on ginseng from JIN Shiyuan, a National Medical Master, so as to study his academic ideas and to inherit the technology. Methods Retrieve the records and original works of Chinese herbs based on Compendium of Material Medica, and look up Chinese pharmacopoeia (2015 version) and JIN Shiyuan's Experience of Identifying Chinese Herbal Medicines, then the present status of dispensing technology of ginseng was analyzed. Results The dispensing technology of ginseng was first recorded in Compendium of Materia Medica, including processing, dosage form, matters need attention, incompatibility, storage, etc. For the first time, JIN Shiyuan confirmed the clinical dispensing technology of ginseng, in which recognition, processing, prescription audit, prescription coping, prescription distribution, and storage were involved. Conclusion Pofessor JIN Shiyuan inherited pharmaceutical academic thought of LI Shizhen, and carried forward the clinical dispensing technology of ginseng. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We describe a fabrication method for arrays of microlenses of low f-number by using a surface coating and dispensing technology. We demonstrate how to achieve a low f-number by selectively changing the surface wettability, as well as how to precisely control the f-number through control of the dispensing time. This advance enables the fabrication of arrays of microlenses with diameters varying from 400 to 1400 pm, f-number as low as 0.95. In addition, the optical performance tests indicate that this method is suitable for high performance microlens array fabrication. This dispensing technology may be low cost and allow fast fabrication of high-speed microlens arrays, and may thus be particularly useful for biologically inspired advanced optical systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper proposes a new approach to model unsteady laminar flows of dispenser systems in the semiconductor packaging industry. The approach is based on the exact steady solution. After an overview of dispensing technology and historical modeling of the unsteady flows, a new modeling approach of the unsteady laminar flow in a circular pipe and annular duct is developed. From the proposed model, the modeling results of unsteady flow in an arbitrary circular pipe and annular duct are obtained and compared with the spectral solution. In addition, a comparative work between the proposed analytical dynamic model and the finite-element model is undertaken in order to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed modeling methodology. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

A novel, blue light-emitting diode (LED) packaging structure with improved light and thermal characteristics is presented. The package includes a TiO2 -doped silicone layer and silicone lens. This dual-layer graded refractive index structure used for LED encapsulation was fabricated using dispensing technology. In the LEDs doped with TiO2 nanoparticles and a silicone lens, the light scattering capability and average refraction index of silicone were enhanced, thus reducing reflection losses. The LED achieved a light extraction efficiency increase of 24.5% and a junction temperature reduction of 12.1 ^\circC compared with a conventional single-layer encapsulated LED. Consequently, the proposed structure not only improved the LED performance, but also reduced thermal accumulation in the packaging. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To collect the historical origin, processing methods and clinical application of Rehmanniae Radix Preparata in Compendium of Materia Medica, compare and analyze the theoretical knowledge and relevant practical operation of national physician master Jin Shiyuan, which is beneficial for the inheritance and development of Rehmanniae Radix Preparata's clinical dispensing technology. In the analysis process, CNKI was searched with "Rehmanniae Radix Preparata", "Processing method", "Clinical application" "Li Shizhen", "Jin Shiyuan", and "Dispensing technology" as keywords. In addition, Shennong's Herbal Classic, Bencao Tujing (illustrated Classics of Materia Medica), Compendium of Materia Medica, Jingyue Quanshu (Jingyue's Complete Works) and related ancient books were accessed systematically to summarize the historical change of processing methods and efficacy of Rehmanniae Radix Praeparata. Professor Jin Shiyuan emphasizes the clinical dispensing technology of Rehmanniae Radix Praeparata, including its nature identification technology, clinical processing technology, prescription audit technology, prescription coping technology, drug delivery technology, clinical decocting technology, purchasing management technology as well as storage, maintenance and supply technology. Through the collation and research, it was confirmed that historical origin, processing methods and clinical application of Rehmanniae Radix Preparata were recorded in details in Compendium of Materia Medica. Steaming method of Rehmanniae Radix Preparata was originated from Synopsis of Golden Chamber. Li Shizhen attached great importance to the processing method of "steaming and drying alternatively for nine times" for Rehmanniae Radix Preparata, and differentiated it from Radix Rehmanniae Recen and fresh rehmannia root in clinical applications. Professor Jin Shiyuan has developed and improved the clinical dispensing technology of Rehmanniae Radix Praeparata, and carried forward the essence of Li Shizhen's pharmaceutical academic thought with his own proficient knowledge structure in medicine, providing scientific pharmaceutical service for clinical application of Rehmanniae Radix Preparata in future., Competing Interests: The authors of this article and the planning committee members and staff have no relevant financial relationships with commercial interests to disclose., (Copyright© by the Chinese Pharmaceutical Association.)

To collect Li Shizhen's experience in Aconiti Lateralis Radix Praeparata identification and clinical application, compare and analyze national physician master Jin Shiyuan's practical operation and theoretical knowledge, which is beneficial for the inheritance and improvement of Aconiti Lateralis Radix Praeparata clinical dispensing technology. In the analysis process, CNKI, Wanfang and other databases were searched with "Aconiti Lateralis Radix Praeparata", "Li Shizhen", "pharmacological method state theory" "Jin Shiyuan" and "Chinese medicine dispensing technology" as the key words. In addition, Treatise on Febrile Disease, Compendium of Materia Medica, Chinese Pharmacopoeia(2015 edition), Notes to Medical Professions(Yi Zong Shuo Yue), and other medicine books were accessed to summarize the processing methods and decoction dosage of Aconiti Lateralis Radix Praeparata in both ancient and modern medicine, and in consideration of technical research and practice operation, Li Shizhen's description of Aconiti Lateralis Radix Praeparata and Professor Jin Shiyuan's research on Aconiti Lateralis Radix Praeparata dispensing technology were analyzed and collected. Li Shizhen recorded the nature identification and clinical application of Aconiti Lateralis Radix Praeparata by using pharmacological method state theory in Compendium of Materia Medica. National physician master Jin Shiyuan carries forward the essence of Li Shizhen's pharmaceutical academic thought with his own proficient knowledge structure in medicine, providing scientific pharmaceutical service for clinical application of Aconiti Lateralis Radix Praeparata Professor. Jin Shiyuan put forward the dispensing technology for the first time, including nature identification technology, clinical processing technology, clinical decocting technology, prescription coping technology, and class specifications of Aconiti Lateralis Radix Praeparata. In this paper, Aconiti Lateralis Radix Praeparata was used as an example to analyze the key dispensing technology of traditional Chinese medicine, and apply the key dispensing technology of traditional Chinese medicine in various commonly used Chinese medicines in the future., Competing Interests: The authors of this article and the planning committee members and staff have no relevant financial relationships with commercial interests to disclose., (Copyright© by the Chinese Pharmaceutical Association.)