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In the Internet of Things (IoT) the physical objects network is described as “things” linked to sensors, software and other technologies to connect and share information through the Internet with other devices and systems. The floods lead to large losses of life and property in several countries. However, the absence of sufficient technology results in further death and property losses as a result of flooding in developed countries. This is because of a lack of flood alert systems. The objective of this paper is to monitor the flood situation and provide a text message warning in the event of a threat. The main aim of this paper is to detect rising river water levels at a safe distance away from the railways and to allow the respective authorities to take appropriate measures by means of SMS. A sensor is a system that senses and reacts to certain physical data. The 8051 microcontrollers were produced by Intel in 1981. The microcontroller is 8-bit. It has 40 DIP pins, 4 kb of ROM stores and 128 bytes of RAM and two timers and 16 bits. It is equipped with 2 timers. There are four parallel 8-bit ports that are programmable and adjustable as necessary. The hardware device that uses GSM mobile technology for the provision of an information link with a remote network is a GSM modem or a GSM module. A float switch is a level sensor type, a fluid control system that is used inside a tank. A condenser is a tool that stores electrical energy in an electric field. It's a passive electronic feature with two terminals. A LED is a semiconductor light source that transmits light through the flowing current. Liquid Crystal Display stands for LCD. It is a thin, flat display device used in a variety of electronics. A digital electronic level shifter is a system used in the transformation of signs from one logic or voltage domain to another, also known as logic level shifter or voltage level Translation. A diode is an electronic component with a two-terminal that mainly conducts current in one direction, with low resistance and high resistance in one direction. The aim of this paper is to detect early Flood and give early warnings to Needy people.

The rising demand for high quality display has ensued active research in high dynamic range (HDR) imaging, which has the potential to replace the standard dynamic range imaging. This is due to HDR’s features like accurate reproducibility of a scene with its entire spectrum of visible lighting and color depth. But this capability comes with expensive capture, display, storage and distribution resource requirements. Also, display of HDR images/video content on an ordinary display device with limited dynamic range requires some form of adaptation. Many adaptation algorithms, widely known as tone mapping (TM) operators, have been studied and proposed in the last few decades. In this paper, we present a comprehensive survey of 60 TM algorithms that have been implemented on hardware for acceleration and real-time performance. In this state-of-the-art survey, we will discuss those TM algorithms which have been implemented on GPU [1]–[12], FPGA [13]–[47], and ASIC [48]–[60] in terms of their hardware specifications and performance. Output image quality is an important metric for TM algorithms. From our literature survey we found that, various objective quality metrics have been used to demonstrate the quality of those algorithms hardware implementation. We have compiled those metrics used in this survey [61], [62], and analyzed the relationship between hardware cost, image quality and computational efficiency. Currently, machine learning-based (ML) algorithms have become an important tool to solve many image processing tasks, and this paper concludes with a discussion on the future research directions to realize ML-based TM operators on hardware.

Photoluminescence properties of Bismuth, Dy3+ added LaGaO3 nanophosphor materials were investigated for various display device applications. PXRD and FESEM revealed the exact phase of LaGaO3 nanoparticles with spherical morphology. PL spectra revealed that at 309 nm excitation, the resulted luminescence was found to be shifted from bluish-green color to bright yellow-white color due to efficient energy transfer from Bi3+ ions to Dy3+ ions as evidenced by the CIE coordinates. The results indicate the developed LaGaO3: Bi3+, Dy3+ nanophosphors are suitable candidates for the fabrication of electronic display devices.

Optical materials with dynamic colors have shown great prospects for applications in display devices, smart windows, and camouflage coatings. Recently, intercalation has been demonstrated to be a p...

Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) technology has unique specificity for recognizing and cleaving target DNA complementary to the CRISPR guide sequence. Here, we report on a CRISPR-powered DNA computing and digital display system in which programmed DNA targets serve as the input and an ON/OFF fluorescence signal indicates a TRUE/FALSE output. This system allows the establishment of a one-to-one relationship between input and output, enabling multilevel DNA logic computing. Applying pre-CRISPR reactions that selectively maintain or inhibit CRISPR reactivity can further improve the computing capability by expanding input size. In particular, we present a paper-based microfluidic chip with freeze-dried CRISPR reaction mixtures that are programmed to digitally display the results of functional operations, including square, cube, and square-root operations. This strategy allows information decoding and displaying as well, which brings potential in next-generation DNA steganography and cryptography. We envision that the intrinsic orthogonality of CRISPR provides a new paradigm for DNA computing and molecular programming.

For achieving the fine pitch chip-on-film (COF) in display devices, wet chemical spray etching behaviors of the copper (Cu) films in the etching solutions with different cupric chloride (CuCl2) and...

Background/Aims: Several attempts have been made to incorporate smart glasses in the medical field. We applied wearable display glasses to show the position of an observer during endoscopy and compared students’ responses between the conventional and new methods.Methods: We surveyed 28 medical students regarding the use of wearable display devices. The students used wearable display glasses to observe an endoscopic procedure and answered the prepared questionnaire. Their collected responses were analyzed for statistical correlations between each variable.Results: The survey of medical students revealed disadvantages including dizziness (dissatisfied and very dissatisfied: 21.5%) and eye fatigue (25% dissatisfied) and advantages including concentration (satisfied and very satisfied: 57.2%) and securing patient rights (71.4%). The students showed more positive than negative reviews regarding the new devices (32.1% vs. 21.5%).Conclusions: We investigated the advantages and disadvantages of viewing the endoscope image with new wearable display glasses compared to the conventional method using the survey to record user experience. The results revealed relatively positive responses from the medical students in the survey. If the new device compensates for some shortcomings, its use in the endoscopy room will be feasible.

Parametric models of video quality are designed for service and network planning as well as video quality monitoring. They are widely applied in a broad range of applications especially when video streams are encrypted or even unavailable at all. Designing metrics in these models remains challenge due to limited available information. In this paper, a spatio-temporal resolution-adaptive parametric (STRAP) model is proposed to evaluate the quality of video streaming services considering the spatial and temporal resolutions. This work serves as a follow-up study for ITU Rec. P.1203.1 that we were previously involved. The relationship between the content complexity and the spatial and temporal resolutions are analyzed and incorporated into the proposed model. Moreover, the effect of video up/down-scaling in display devices on the perceived video quality is further taken into consideration. Experimental results showed that the proposed model can be used as a reliable indicator for video streaming providers to improve their services performance.

The Dynamic Adaptive Streaming over HTTP (MPEG-DASH) ensures online videos display of good quality and without interruption. It provides an adequate streaming for each display device and network transmission. This can be verfield of Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs). In fact, MPEG-DASH tracks the bandwidth fluctuations so hat the learner profits from continuous streaming, without worrying about frequent interruption of courses videos. Therefore, the learners profit from an exceptional visual experience that improves their commitment level and eases the course assimilation. These MPEG-DASH assets can become more and more advantageous if a good choice of its parameters is made. Being a recent branch, the MPEG-DASH adaptive diffusion presents a research field where the efforts are still limited, even more for MOOCs videos. Most of the work published in this sense focus on the Quality of Service (QoS) and the technical specifications of the network transmission. In this paper, we aim to consider the quality of the streamed content that directly impacts the learners Quality of Experience (QoE). For this, we develop a content-aware dataset that includes several MOOCs videos of different characteristics and types. These videos are firstly encoded using the latest codecs then dashified according to a coding scheme of several combinations of bitrates and display resolutions. Then, and in order to enhance the learners QoE, the so generated MPEG-DASH manifest files and segments are subsequently exploited to study the most appropriate codecs, bitrates and segment durations for each type of MOOCs videos.

Access to clinical information during interventions is an important aspect to support the surgeon and his team in the OR. The OR-Pad research project aims at displaying clinically relevant information close to the patient during surgery. With the OR-Pad system, the surgeon shall be able to access case-specific information, displayed on a sterilepackaged, portable display device. Therefore, information shall be prepared before surgery and also be available afterwards. The project follows an user-centered design process. Within the third iteration, the interaction concept was finalized, resulting in an application that can be used in two modes, mobile and intraoperative, to support the surgeon before/after and during surgery, respectively. By supporting the surgeon perioperatively, it is expected to improve the information situation in the OR and thereby the quality of surgical results. Based on this concept, the system architecture was designed in detail, using a client-server architecture. Components, communication interfaces, exchanged data, and intended standards for data exchange of the OR-Pad system including connecting systems were conceived. Expert interviews by using a clickable prototype were conducted to evaluate the concepts.

With the continuous improvement of the public’s pursuit of information contact experience, in the era of the development of VR technology, digital mobile display technology has gradually changed the traditional display habits with its unique charm and strong competitive advantage. This article aims to improve the value of art research, meet the needs of the information age, and spread the spirit of intangible cultural heritage by improving the virtual visualization of intangible cultural heritage digital display technology. This article takes Dai ceramics intangible cultural heritage as an example to discuss the modern display technology of the ceramics, using virtual reality technology to enhance the sense of reality and interaction during the exhibition. This article uses visualization technology to digitally and artistically process Dai ceramics to achieve artistic effects while ensuring the authenticity of the ceramics, giving people a different visual experience. The article compares the application of several modern technologies in digital mobile display. Among them, the virtual reality technology has a good application in the system frame structure of the display, which exceeds 25%. In the future, virtual visualization technology will be further popularized and promoted, giving intangible cultural heritage high-definition digital display more opportunities and development space.

Nanostructures with the ability to efficiently generate colors in visible range attract lots of attention. Current plasmonic materials-based techniques always require complicated lithographic processes, which are expensive and severely limiting the production throughput. In this letter, we experimentally demonstrate a large-area silicon-based multilayer structure for color filtering. The designed lithography-free nanofilm color filters possess high transmission (>70%) and wide-angle tolerance (up to ±30°) for both TE and TM polarizations. Our approach, featuring excellent performance together with CMOS compatible materials, steps forward towards practical applications such as image sensors and display devices.

Polymer-dispersed liquid crystal (PDLC) is a striking material that has a great role in optoelectronic display devices. In this paper, PDLC films were prepared by the polymerisation-induced phase s...

We present Photo4Action, a system that integrates mobile devices and large wall display devices for efficient network visualization. Our work allows users to locate a region of a large graph visualization on a wall display by photo taking. An efficient match algorithm is proposed to match the subgraph users select with the full graph. Sets of interaction techniques have been designed to support various graph exploration and visualization tasks. The system also supports interactions for multi-users’ collaborative analysis for graphs. We also report the interaction patterns and collaboration behaviors of users during the visual exploration as observed during our study

In order to adapt map tiles to high resolution display devices, some internet map providers pre-generate and store more than two sizes of map tiles. However, it is inefficient to download larger hi...

Pietro Emanuele Napoli,1,* Matteo Nioi,2 Maurizio Fossarello1,3,* 1Department of Surgical Science, University of Cagliari, Eye Clinic, Cagliari, Italy; 2Department of Clinical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Forensic Medicine Unit, Cagliari, Italy; 3Clinica Oculistica, San Giovanni di Dio Hospital, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria di Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy*These authors contributed equally to this work.Correspondence: Pietro Emanuele Napoli Email pietronapoli@ymail.comAbstract: The pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has led many countries of the world to impose a series of containment measures such as lockdowns (mass quarantines), curfews or similar restrictions (eg, stay-at-home orders, or shelter-in-place orders). All these restrictions were established in order to limit spread of COVID-19. Thus, approximately 3.9 billion people worldwide were under lockdown by early April 2020. During this time (home confinement), some solutions have been proposed by experts to improve work and school productivity, including smart working and online school lessons. However, many of the restrictive measures are likely to act as predisposing factors for dry eye disease (DED), directly or related to sick building syndrome (SBS). Herein, we discuss the implications of quarantine measures on eye health, in particular on DED associated with SBS, and introduce some potential preventive strategies for lockdown-related ocular surface disorders. Several risk factors are implicated in their pathogenesis, including environmental changes (eg, air quality) and modifications in personal behaviors (eg, the abuse of digital devices, malnutrition, and sleep/psychiatric disorders). Considering a number of predisposing factors for DED, it is possible to state that patients under lockdown are at risk of ocular surface alterations. Accordingly, the COVID-19 pandemic era is expected to determine an increase in dry eye patients all around the world (a new phenomenon that we propose to name the “quarantine dry eye”) in the event that the restrictive measures will be recursively extended over time.Keywords: COVID-19, dry eye diseases, sick building syndrome, ocular surface, coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, tear film, lockdown, quarantine, display device

There is a vast need for the use of digital display instruments in the manufacturing industry due to the simple operation and high precision. In addition to the numerical data acquisition, it is usually necessary to input additional text for the condition assessment as well. However, since most of these measure instruments do not provide any interfaces for users to access the values and it often lacks proper devices to input the text during the working process, these two tasks are highly human intensive under current conditions. In order to facilitate the smooth running of the work for operators, we propose a lightweight application which can be installed on smartphones or wearable devices using multidigit recognition and speech recognition techniques without changing too much of their workflow. The experimental results demonstrate that our approach can achieve high accuracy. Thus, the proposed solution can effectively resolve data input issues in the manufacturing sites, thereby reducing human labor, increasing productivity, and automating part of the process. Taking operators’ existing workflow into consideration for design can provide an application with an easy learning curve. Moreover, with the rapid and economical approach, companies can financially benefit from the development of this low-cost application, especially for small- and medium-sized enterprises.

This research shows that visual density on a digital display influences perceived heaviness and the evaluation of a product. In a given space of a digital display, presenting visual elements with high (vs. low) visual density leads consumers to feel a product as heavier. When heaviness is considered as a negative product attribute (e.g., for a portable device), product with high visual density is less preferred due to its perceived heaviness. Using a smartphone as the focal product, we provide evidence for the negative effect of visual density on product evaluation. We also identify that this effect is attenuated when perceived heaviness is reduced by focusing on the importance of the product usage. Findings from this research contribute to earlier work on weight illusion by introducing visual density as a factor that affects perceived heaviness, while providing guidelines for practitioners in communicating and designing products for which portability is desirable.

In order to transform the digital workshop, this paper adopts an improved FCOS algorithm to detect the digital display area of industrial instruments and recognize the numbers in the workshop. Specifically, based on the FCOS basic network model, the Balanced Feature Pyramid is combined with FPN to further integrate the feature information and enhance the original feature. The Softer-NMS algorithm instead of the traditional non maximum suppression algorithm, improves the detection accuracy. The experiment shows that the trained network model can be applied to the detection and recognition of industrial instruments, and it has certain validity and accuracy.