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This study examines the impact of data integrity attacks on Federated Learning (FL) for load forecasting in smart grid systems, where privacy-sensitive data require robust management. While FL provides a privacy-preserving approach to distributed model training, it remains susceptible to attacks like data poisoning, which can impair model performance. We compare Centralized Federated Learning (CFL) and Decentralized Federated Learning (DFL), using line, ring and bus topologies, under adversarial conditions. Employing a three-layer Artificial Neural Network (ANN) with substation-level datasets ( A P E h o u r l y , P J M E h o u r l y , and C O M E D h o u r l y ), we evaluate the system's resilience in the absence of anomaly detection. Results indicate that DFL significantly outperforms CFL in attack resistance, achieving Mean Absolute Percentage Errors (MAPEs) of 0.48%, 4.29% and 0.702% across datasets, compared to the CFL MAPEs of 6.07%, 18.49% and 10.19%. This demonstrates the potential of DFL as a resilient, secure solution for load forecasting in smart grids, minimizing dependence on anomaly detection to maintain data integrity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the advancement of industrialmodernization, industrial parks have become themain body of newenergy production and consumption. However, due to the large demand for energy in industrial agglomeration, theway of energy utilization is changing to sustainable. The direct connection of distributed energy resources in industrial parks, including photovoltaic (PV) power generation systems, has an important impact on its planning and operation. Furthermore, weather scenarios can have an impact on distributed PV generation, and the uncertainty in PVpower output will, in turn, affect the uncertainty in industrial park planning. Therefore, this paper aims to address the issues of inaccurate prediction of distributed electricity generation during the planning period and the non-uniform distribution of energy resources such as electricity, heating, and cooling. This is achieved through the application of statistical machine learning (SML). This paper intends to incorporate the ideas of SML into the model for industrial park distributed energy random opportunity-constrained planning, aiming to resolve the problems of non-uniform distribution of distributed energy sources within the park, along with uncertainty in their outputs and high overall investment costs. The model takes the planning, construction, and operating costs of the industrial park as the objective function, uses the lost load cost to ensure the safety of the industrial park, and uses the Chebyshev's inequality probability to limit the output characteristics of distributed energy equipment. In terms of operation, the planning period is subdivided into heating period, cooling period, and transition period, and the balance of electricity, heat, and cold is considered. Finally, an actual example of an industrial park is used to verify the effectiveness of thismethod. Experimental validation shows that this approach can ensure safety requirements in industrial parks during the heating season, cooling season, and transitional periods by flexibly adjusting the confidence threshold. Simultaneously, it delivers significant economic benefits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The low carbon target strategy has promoted the rapid growth of distributed energy resources, such as wind power and photovoltaics, and the increase of electric vehicles ownership. Considering the smoothing effect of vehicle to grid (V2G) on the output fluctuation of distributed energy generation, and improving the wind/photovoltaic consumption level, the virtual power plant (VPP) technology was used to achieve unified management of the two, and then the carbon emission of the whole life cycle of electric vehicles and distributed energy generation were combined to establish an optimization model targeting at optimizing the cost of system operation and the cost of carbon emission. The model was solved by particle swarm optimization algorithm. Imental analysis based on example model combined with real vas conducted. The experimental analysis results show that the optimization model can effectively schedule all elements of VPP, and use the charging and discharging of electric vehicles to improve the operation and carbon emission benefits. It may provide a technical reference for the safe and stable operation of the grid system under the background of the low carbon target.

The purpose of the article is to develop the principle of forming integrated energy supply sys-tems that consider the relationship between the production, transmission and consumption of thermal and electrical energy, as well as to develop a methodology for selecting the composition and structure of generating equipment to ensure the affordability and uninterrupted supply of energy. To achieve this purpose, the following tasks were accomplished: the energy supply sys-tems of existing special economic zones were studied, and their shortcomings were identified; the creation of integrated energy supply systems for territories based on cogeneration technolo-gies was proposed; a methodology for selecting the composition and structure of equipment for mini-CHPP (combined heat power plant) integrated energy systems was developed. The most important result is a comprehensive methodology for selecting the composition and structure of mini-CHPP equipment in an integrated energy supply system, ensuring maximum fuel efficiency for energy production and energy efficiency for the energy supply system. Performing calcula-tions based on the developed methodology using the example of the advanced development area «SmartCity-Novosibirsk», we were able to propose the creation of an integrated energy supply system for residents. The significance of these results lies in their potential to improve the effi-ciency of decision-making processes in the field of energy infrastructure development by con-sidering interconnections between heat and power supply processes and the methodology of se-lecting mini-CHPP equipment for integrated energy systems.

To enhance the power supply reliability of the microgrid cluster consisting of AC/DC hybrid microgrids, this paper proposes an innovative structure that enables backup power to be accessed quickly in the event of power source failure. The structure leverages the quick response characteristics of thyristor switches, effectively reducing the power outage time. The corresponding control strategy is introduced in detail in this paper. Furthermore, taking practical considerations into account, two types of AC/DC hybrid microgrid structures are designed for grid-connected and islanded states. These microgrids exhibit strong distributed energy consumption capabilities, simple control strategies, and high power quality. Additionally, the aforementioned structures are constructed within the MATLAB/Simulink R2023a simulation software. Their feasibility is verified, and comparisons with the existing studies are conducted using specific examples. Finally, the cost and efficiency of the application of this study are discussed. Both the above results and analysis indicate that the structures proposed in this paper can reduce costs, improve efficiency, and enhance power supply stability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Telecommunications Science is the property of Beijing Xintong Media Co., Ltd. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

With the rapid development of global energy transformation and new power system, ensuring the stability of distributed energy grid connections is the key to maintaining the reliable operation of the whole power system. This paper constructs detailed impedance models of grid-following (GFL) and grid-forming (GFM) inverters using a harmonic linearization method and thoroughly investigates the mechanisms of resonance when inverters are connected to the grid, as well as the impact of model parameters on the stability of the grid system. This paper also briefly analyzes the scenario where distributed energy and electric vehicles are integrated into the grid simultaneously, demonstrating that grid system stability can be ensured in complex grid situations through reasonable parameter design. Lastly, the accuracy of the proposed impedance models and analysis is verified through MATLAB/Simulink simulations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the context of limited energy resources in the World energy resources, improving energy utilization and finding new energy has always been the goal of the scientific community. In addition, new opportunities brought by the production of new quality productive forces have made it a new pursuit for scientists to find a small energy source that can provide disorderly dispersion for micro/nano electromechanical systems and self-driving devices. Solid–liquid triboelectric nanogenerator (SL-TENG) is based on the contact electrocution (CE) and electrostatic induction (EI). It has attracted much attention with its benefits such as exquisite structure, convenient manufacturing, low cost and unparalleled advantages in collecting droplet energy. Since its discovery, it has gradually become a new research direction for TENG. This paper first elaborates on the electrification mechanism of SL-TENG and introduces its main working modes. Subsequently, a review is focused on the influencing factors and latest research of SL-TENG. Then, the commonly used manufacturing methods to improve the performance of frictional power generation were introduced, and the practical applications of SL-TENG were summarized and analyzed, as well as the relevant technological progress and research directions. Finally, the significance and challenges of SL-TENG are summarized, and its future development trend is prospected. In this article, we reviewed the theoretical foundation of the Solid-Liquid Triboelectric Nanogenerator (SL-TENG), detailed four classic working modes of SL-TENG, pointed out the main factors affecting the output of friction nanogenerators, summarized the latest progress of SL-TENG, and demonstrated several exciting research results in the fields of self-powered sensors and energy collection. The article showcases broad potential applications, and finally, we discuss future prospects for SL-TENG. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Solid-state hydrogen storage technology has emerged as a disruptive solution to the "last mile" challenge in large-scale hydrogen energy applications, garnering significant global research attention. This paper systematically reviews the Chinese research progress in solid-state hydrogen storage material systems, thermodynamic mechanisms, and system integration. It also quantitatively assesses the market potential of solid-state hydrogen storage across four major application scenarios: on-board hydrogen storage, hydrogen refueling stations, backup power supplies, and power grid peak shaving. Furthermore, it analyzes the bottlenecks and challenges in industrialization related to key materials, testing standards, and innovation platforms. While acknowledging that the cost and performance of solid-state hydrogen storage are not yet fully competitive, the paper highlights its unique advantages of high safety, energy density, and potentially lower costs, showing promise in new energy vehicles and distributed energy fields. Breakthroughs in new hydrogen storage materials like magnesium-based and vanadium-based materials, coupled with improved standards, specifications, and innovation mechanisms, are expected to propel solid-state hydrogen storage into a mainstream technology within 10–15 years, with a market scale exceeding USD 14.3 billion. To accelerate the leapfrog development of China's solid-state hydrogen storage industry, increased investment in basic research, focused efforts on key core technologies, and streamlining the industry chain from materials to systems are recommended. This includes addressing challenges in passenger vehicles, commercial vehicles, and hydrogen refueling stations, and building a collaborative innovation ecosystem involving government, industry, academia, research, finance, and intermediary entities to support the achievement of carbon peak and neutrality goals and foster a clean, low-carbon, safe, and efficient modern energy system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The subject of this article is the issues related to the obligation to implement into Polish law the provisions of the European Union (EU) law concerning citizen energy communities (CECs) and renewable energy communities (RECs), contained in Directives 2019/944 and 2018/2001. The method of implementing the provisions of EU law into Polish law is to be based on the establishment of a single set of regulations, as provided for in the draft Act amending the Energy Law and certain other Acts of 26 January 2023 (draft No. UC74 developed by the Ministry of Climate and Environment). It is to include regulations relating to both types of communities (CECs and RECs), but to use only one name – CECs. The article presents and critically analyses the proposed regulations and the adopted method of their allocation in the acts of Polish law.

Low temperature metal hydrides are promising materials for thermal energy storage devices in climatic-oriented niches. Different alloy compositions are prepared and investigated to reach high reversible capacity and heat of formation. Al-substituted alloys show wide plateau region with narrow plateau slope resulted in high reversible capacity up to 1.33 wt% H 2. Alloy LaNi 4.6 Mn 0.2 Al 0.2 with the highest enthalpy change of 35.9 kJ/mol H 2 during hydrogen sorption investigations could be a promising candidate for further TES system investigations. • Low temperature LaNi 5 based alloys are proposed for TES. • High heats of formation are achieved by partial Ni substitution. • The highest capacity reaches 1.33 %wt. H 2 for LaNi 4.75 Al 0.25 • The highest ΔH abs is 35.9 kJ/mol H 2 for LaNi 4.6 Mn 0.2 Al 0.2. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Addressing the challenge of household loads and the concentrated power consumption of electric vehicles during periods of low electricity prices is critical to mitigate impacts on the utility grid. In this study, we propose a multi-objective particle swarm algorithm-based optimal scheduling method for household microgrids. A household microgrid optimization model is formulated, taking into account time-sharing tariffs and users' travel patterns with electric vehicles. The model focuses on optimizing daily household electricity costs and minimizing grid-side energy supply variances. Specifically, the mathematical model incorporates the actual input and output power of each distributed energy source within the microgrid as optimization variables. Furthermore, it integrates an analysis of capacity variations for energy storage batteries and electric vehicle batteries. Through arithmetic simulation within the Pareto optimal solution set, the model identifies the optimal solution that effectively mitigates fluctuations in energy input and output on the utility side. Simulation results confirm the effectiveness of this strategy in reducing daily household electricity costs. The proposed optimization approach not only improves the overall quality of electricity consumption but also demonstrates its economic and practical feasibility, highlighting its potential for broader application and impact. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A DC microgrid is an efficient way to combine diverse sources; conventional droop control is unable to achieve both accurate current sharing and required voltage regulation. This paper provides a new adaptive control approach for DC microgrid applications that satisfies both accurate current sharing and appropriate voltage regulation depending on the loading state. As the load increases in parallel, so do the output currents of the distributed generating units, and correct current sharing is necessary under severe load conditions. The suggested control approach raises the equivalent droop gains as the load level increases in parallel and provides accurate current sharing. The droop parameters were checked online and changed using the principal current sharing loops to reduce the variation in load current sharing, and the second loop also transferred the droop lines to eliminate DC microgrid bus voltage fluctuation in the adaptive droop controller, which is different and inventive. The proposed algorithm is tested using a variety of input voltages and load resistances. This work assesses the performance and stability of the suggested method using a linearized model and verifies the results using an acceptable model created in MATLAB/SIMULINK Software Version 9.3 and using Real-Time Simulation Fundamentals and hardware-based experimentation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Electric Power is the property of Electric Power Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista de Tecnologia Aplicada is the property of Faculdade Campo Limpo Paulista and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

To enhance the power supply reliability of the microgrid cluster consisting of AC/DC hybrid microgrids, this paper proposes an innovative structure that enables backup power to be accessed quickly in the event of power source failure. The structure leverages the quick response characteristics of thyristor switches, effectively reducing the power outage time. The corresponding control strategy is introduced in detail in this paper. Furthermore, taking practical considerations into account, two types of AC/DC hybrid microgrid structures are designed for grid-connected and islanded states. These microgrids exhibit strong distributed energy consumption capabilities, simple control strategies, and high power quality. Additionally, the aforementioned structures are constructed within the MATLAB/Simulink R2023a simulation software. Their feasibility is verified, and comparisons with the existing studies are conducted using specific examples. Finally, the cost and efficiency of the application of this study are discussed. Both the above results and analysis indicate that the structures proposed in this paper can reduce costs, improve efficiency, and enhance power supply stability.

Fully utilizing local clean energy by regional Integrated Energy System is a effective way to alleviate energy crisis and reduce carbon emissions. Due to clean energy resources e.g., photovoltaic, wind power and low-grade heat distribute in region which results to be difficult to integrate, this paper provide improved two-steps k-means arithmetic for cluster partition of Regional Integrated Energy System for utilizing distributed energy. Firstly, the weight index is defined for direction of cluster partition. Secondly, according to the resource endowment and located position of distributed energy, the initial energy cluster partition and cluster center considering weight coefficient is determined. Finally, load is divided into the cluster according to the distance of source load and matching coefficient. The practical case indicate that the method proposed can effectively realize cluster partition and integration of distributed energy.

The development of the energy sector is aimed at improving the energy efficiency of heat and electricity. One way is to use cogeneration technologies. A large number of boiler houses created the preconditions for the creation of a mini-CHPP through their technical re-equipment. The purpose of the work is to develop a methodology for selecting and ranking boiler houses for transformation into a mini-CHPP. To achieve the goal, the following tasks were solved: the ef-fects of the formation of a mini-CHP in the energy district were revealed; a system of criteria has been developed that determines the feasibility of transforming a boiler house; a ranking co-efficient was proposed that reflects the potential for improving efficiency; the methodology was tested. The difference of the work is the complexity of the methodology, which takes into ac-count both the advantages of cogeneration technologies and energy balances, as well as individ-ual features of each boiler house. Multi-criteria selection of boiler houses is based on the pur-pose, fuel used, heat output and functions in heat supply systems. The technical condition, pro-spective balances of production and consumption of electricity in the energy district of a mini-CHPP are taken into account. The significance of the results lies in the fact that the proposed methodology makes it possible to increase the validity of decisions when transforming a boiler house into a mini-CHPP. The use of the selection results will lead to an increase in the economic efficiency of the heat supply system.

The wide distributed energy has been the focus of power market. However, the traditional power trading platform cannot meet the high efficiency, flexibility, security and reliability requirements of the large-scale distributed energy transactions. To resolve the contradiction between high information processing complexity and the requirements of safe and fast transactions, a distributed energy trading system architecture and its overall design scheme based on cloud-edge collaboration and block chain is proposed. First of all, the system architecture of cloud computing and edge computing collaboration combined with two-layer blockchain is designed to realize transaction decentralization by using blockchain technology. It improves the autonomy and efficiency of transactions, and enhancs the processing capacity of massive data and the expansion capacity of the transaction system by using cloud edge collaboration. Then, a distributed energy trading mechanism is designed based on two-way bidding and prediction compensation, and the core consensus algorithm of blockchain is further analyzed. The delegated proof of stake (DPoS) is used as a highly efficient and reliable consensus algorithm of the trading system to realize efficient and reliable transactions of large-scale distributed energy, thus promoting distributed energy to participate in power grid regulation and improving the stable operation level of power grid. Finally, the applicability and superiority of the proposed system to large-scale distributed energy trading are verified by application example.

Summary: Air-to-water heat pumps come with diverse design options whose cost and performance are correlated, giving rise to a crucial question: should manufacturers aim at designing higher-performance yet higher-cost heat pumps, reducing the wider energy infrastructure cost but increasing the upfront cost to end users, or more affordable yet lower-performance alternatives? Comprehensive heat pump performance and cost models are integrated within a whole UK energy system framework to capture how different heat pump designs influence the decarbonization pathway. We find that an uptake of higher-performance heat pumps leads to a reduced national electricity generation capacity. However, there is an optimal design that minimizes the total system transition cost, indicating a point of diminishing returns, beyond which, instead of investing in even higher heat pump performance, it is more cost effective to invest in centralized energy generation and storage. Insights are valuable for locations with low heat pump adoption and high electricity-to-gas price ratios. Science for society: Reducing the carbon footprint associated with domestic heating remains a challenge in many economies. Whole-energy system models are used to identify national decarbonization pathways, but many of them share a limitation: the cost and performance of competing technologies, especially with respect to heating, are represented by single efficiency and cost values or simplified models. In this work, detailed models that capture the cost and performance characteristics of heat pumps for different designs are integrated within a whole-energy system model. This integration extends the capabilities of the system model: besides optimizing network infrastructures, it also provides information on the optimal technology designs required to meet the system-wide objectives. Our findings reveal that there is an optimal heat pump design that minimizes the system transition cost. Further performance improvements increase overall costs, favoring investment in centralized energy generation and storage.

With the continuous development of society, the requirements of enterprises and the public for the reliability of the power system are also improving, and the fault identification and protection action of the distribution network is conducive to the comprehensive analysis and overhaul of the line, which is of great significance. In this paper, a short-circuit fault identification method for distribution networks based on artificial intelligence technology is proposed to categorize and predict power system faults using an association rule algorithm. Then, a distribution network adaptive protection strategy based on the equivalent impedance of the distributed energy system is proposed, which real-time adjusts the setting value and criterion of the protection through the distribution network containing distributed energy devices connected to the grid and adjusts the working status in normal operation, realizing that the current protection of the distribution network adapts itself to the change of the working conditions of the distribution network system of IIDG. Simulation results show that when two-phase grounding and three-phase short-circuit faults occur in the distribution network under the protection of the adaptive system. The protection circuits start instantaneously in 0.005s, which realizes the functions of the fast startup, self-sustained operation, and controllable shutdown when faults occur in the distribution network. Meanwhile, the feasibility of the scheme is verified by utilizing the system to output short-circuit faults in the case of IIDG grid-connected or off-grid when the respective integrating values are greater than the positive sequence short-circuit current values.

Addressing the challenge of household loads and the concentrated power consumption of electric vehicles during periods of low electricity prices is critical to mitigate impacts on the utility grid. In this study, we propose a multi-objective particle swarm algorithm-based optimal scheduling method for household microgrids. A household microgrid optimization model is formulated, taking into account time-sharing tariffs and users’ travel patterns with electric vehicles. The model focuses on optimizing daily household electricity costs and minimizing grid-side energy supply variances. Specifically, the mathematical model incorporates the actual input and output power of each distributed energy source within the microgrid as optimization variables. Furthermore, it integrates an analysis of capacity variations for energy storage batteries and electric vehicle batteries. Through arithmetic simulation within the Pareto optimal solution set, the model identifies the optimal solution that effectively mitigates fluctuations in energy input and output on the utility side. Simulation results confirm the effectiveness of this strategy in reducing daily household electricity costs. The proposed optimization approach not only improves the overall quality of electricity consumption but also demonstrates its economic and practical feasibility, highlighting its potential for broader application and impact.

The subject of this article is the issues related to the obligation to implement into Polish law the provisions of the European Union (EU) law concerning citizen energy communities (CECs) and renewable energy communities (RECs), contained in Directives 2019/944 and 2018/2001. The method of implementing the provisions of EU law into Polish law is to be based on the establishment of a single set of regulations, as provided for in the draft Act amending the Energy Law and certain other Acts of 26 January 2023 (draft No. UC74 developed by the Ministry of Climate and Environment). It is to include regulations relating to both types of communities (CECs and RECs), but to use only one name – CECs. The article presents and critically analyses the proposed regulations and the adopted method of their allocation in the acts of Polish law. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The consensus mechanism is a critical technology in the power trading blockchain distributed power trading platforms, which are gradually being applied and promoted to achieve the "dual carbon" goal. Green-certificate trading and carbon emission trading systems help mobilize power generation enterprises to increase the generation of and investment in renewable energy, thereby becoming important factors in distributed power trading. Therefore, they should also be considered as factors in the consensus mechanism. This article first evaluates the green-certificate weight based on whether nodes possess green certificates, evaluates the carbon emission weight based on the carbon emission settlement of nodes in the previous cycle, and constructs a mechanism to evaluate a node's weight. An improved Raft consensus algorithm based on node weight is then proposed. Nodes with greater weights are more likely to become leading nodes, promoting active compliance and green consumption by nodes and reducing carbon emissions. A simulation shows that the improved Raft consensus mechanism enhances the reliability of leading nodes, improves the efficiency of the distributed power transaction, increases the generation of renewable energy, and encourages the consumption of new energy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, two power plant configurations for distributed energy, simple and cascaded Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC), were proposed, modeled, analyzed and compared from a technical and economic point of view. It is proposed to use rice husks from a typical mill in Nigeria as fuel for the operation of the power plant, while the working fluids for the studied ORC plants are toluene and R245fa refrigerants. Power plants are modeled on the basis of fundamental technical and economic approaches. At the same time, power generation, as well as energy and exergy efficiency were selected as key technical parameters for the study. The desired economic parameter determines the cost of a unit of energy. It has been established that with proper use of rice husks as a renewable energy source, the energy generated by the ORC power plant can help to meet 27–38 MWh daily needs of the rice factory and its surroundings. The results of the analysis of the energy and exergy efficiency of a simple and cascade ORC power plant as presented indicates a better prospect for the latter. The working/thermal capacities of the plant elements and the loss of exergy in them are analyzed. The directions of increasing the efficiency of the rice husk power plant have been identified, primarily by improving high-temperature heat exchangers. The results of an economic analysis of the viability of the simple and cascade ORC power plants are presented. A simple ORC demonstrates the best economic performance with a unit energy cost of $0.115 per kWh compared to $0.124 per kWh of a cascade ORC. However, a holistic study of technical, economic, social and environmental indicators creates prerequisites for the research and development of a cascade ORC installation. The paper also presents the results of an analysis of the sensitivity of plant performance on the volume of annual production of rice husks, the temperature of the exhaust gases at the outlet of the chimney and the coefficient of the import tariff. A feasibility study of the prospects of the proposed technical solution for poorly electrified countries is presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Energy generation, distribution, and transmission are crucial to the development and advancement of humans and their environment. Therefore, the need for a sustainable environment is essential. This study focuses on designing, building, testing, and commissioning an intelligent grid solar-powered distributed energy resource system to serve as an alternative to powering loads with conventional energy sources, creating a pollution-free and self-dependent system that can be built to the capacity of the required load. The solar panels, voltage regulator, microprocessor, solar charge controller, and batteries are all interconnected to automatically switch between the three solar substations. The simulation of the DER network system was executed with MATLAB, Simulink, and Simscape Electrical. The management system was created using the Visual Studio 2019 and ASP.NET MVC software. The management system was designed to keep tabs on the daily sales of the DER components to various clients. The results are achieved by subjecting a load (21W rated headlight bulb and a 5W rated fluorescent bulb) at specified time intervals (10, 20, 30 minutes). The results showed us a particular set threshold voltage for the sub-station switch. This project gives an insight into how good and reliable the distributed energy resource system can be as it provides a constant power supply to the equipment.

With the rapid development of global energy transformation and new power system, ensuring the stability of distributed energy grid connections is the key to maintaining the reliable operation of the whole power system. This paper constructs detailed impedance models of grid-following (GFL) and grid-forming (GFM) inverters using a harmonic linearization method and thoroughly investigates the mechanisms of resonance when inverters are connected to the grid, as well as the impact of model parameters on the stability of the grid system. This paper also briefly analyzes the scenario where distributed energy and electric vehicles are integrated into the grid simultaneously, demonstrating that grid system stability can be ensured in complex grid situations through reasonable parameter design. Lastly, the accuracy of the proposed impedance models and analysis is verified through MATLAB/Simulink simulations.

Solid-state hydrogen storage technology has emerged as a disruptive solution to the “last mile” challenge in large-scale hydrogen energy applications, garnering significant global research attention. This paper systematically reviews the Chinese research progress in solid-state hydrogen storage material systems, thermodynamic mechanisms, and system integration. It also quantitatively assesses the market potential of solid-state hydrogen storage across four major application scenarios: on-board hydrogen storage, hydrogen refueling stations, backup power supplies, and power grid peak shaving. Furthermore, it analyzes the bottlenecks and challenges in industrialization related to key materials, testing standards, and innovation platforms. While acknowledging that the cost and performance of solid-state hydrogen storage are not yet fully competitive, the paper highlights its unique advantages of high safety, energy density, and potentially lower costs, showing promise in new energy vehicles and distributed energy fields. Breakthroughs in new hydrogen storage materials like magnesium-based and vanadium-based materials, coupled with improved standards, specifications, and innovation mechanisms, are expected to propel solid-state hydrogen storage into a mainstream technology within 10–15 years, with a market scale exceeding USD 14.3 billion. To accelerate the leapfrog development of China’s solid-state hydrogen storage industry, increased investment in basic research, focused efforts on key core technologies, and streamlining the industry chain from materials to systems are recommended. This includes addressing challenges in passenger vehicles, commercial vehicles, and hydrogen refueling stations, and building a collaborative innovation ecosystem involving government, industry, academia, research, finance, and intermediary entities to support the achievement of carbon peak and neutrality goals and foster a clean, low-carbon, safe, and efficient modern energy system.

The consensus mechanism is a critical technology in the power trading blockchain distributed power trading platforms, which are gradually being applied and promoted to achieve the “dual carbon” goal. Green-certificate trading and carbon emission trading systems help mobilize power generation enterprises to increase the generation of and investment in renewable energy, thereby becoming important factors in distributed power trading. Therefore, they should also be considered as factors in the consensus mechanism. This article first evaluates the green-certificate weight based on whether nodes possess green certificates, evaluates the carbon emission weight based on the carbon emission settlement of nodes in the previous cycle, and constructs a mechanism to evaluate a node’s weight. An improved Raft consensus algorithm based on node weight is then proposed. Nodes with greater weights are more likely to become leading nodes, promoting active compliance and green consumption by nodes and reducing carbon emissions. A simulation shows that the improved Raft consensus mechanism enhances the reliability of leading nodes, improves the efficiency of the distributed power transaction, increases the generation of renewable energy, and encourages the consumption of new energy.

The utilization of wind energy has become increasingly popular in the United States and many European countries due to its abundant nature and optimized design. While existing wind turbines are predominantly large-scale and not suitable for standalone or distributed power production, Lubbock County in West Texas offers a diverse range of renewable energy options to meet its energy needs. The region relies heavily on utility-scale wind energy sources to supply power to the Texas Grid, replacing conventional fossil fuel-based systems. Currently, standalone solar PV systems are the preferred choice for renewable energy generation. However, West Texas possesses an ample supply of wind energy that can be harnessed to establish a microgrid and provide standalone power to rural communities. Distributed wind energy offers localized power generation, reducing transmission losses and grid strain, while conventional wind farms require long-distance transmission, leading to efficiency gains. By employing the latest technology and optimizing efficiency, even in low-scale generation, a 6-kilowatt permanent magnet alternator-based distributed wind turbine has been designed. This paper focuses on analyzing the techno-economic aspects of implementing this wind turbine in a real-world scenario, taking into account wind attributes, such as velocity and available power, at the specific location. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Electric Power Engineering Technology is the property of Editorial Department of Electric Power Engineering Technology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Distributed hybrid energy systems are innovative means of effectively addressing energy and environmental issues in the age of carbon neutrality. This paper proposes the distributed energy hierarchical network planning model for distributed energy systems at the community level, which combines distributed energy planning and renewable energy use. This model incorporates the energy flow between nodes and line length into the optimization objective and analyzes its capability to improve the stability and cost-effectiveness of the network. A community is selected as an example, and the model is compared with single-layer network planning and node distance planning. The stability of the distributed energy hierarchical network planning model is demonstrated by the network efficiency, the node degree distribution in the low-value region and the relatively small number of effective connection edges. The total line length of the model decreases by 22% compared to the single-layer plan and by 43% compared to the node distance plan. By optimizing the topological connection structure of the network, the total length of transmission lines in energy communities can be significantly reduced, which affects line construction costs and transmission losses, and therefore, saving money on the operation and maintenance of power lines as well as management costs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, the possibility of energy recovery from oil pipelines as a source of clean energy is discussed. At present, a significant amount of energy is lost in oil pressure reducing stations. The energy regeneration scheme proposed in this study investigates the possibility of converting the currently wasted energy into the electrical energy by using a Francis turbine coupled with a synchronous generator system. The dynamic hydraulic model of the existing pipeline system starting from the compressor stations to the pressure regulating stations is obtained. Also the state space equations of the energy regeneration system including the control valves, the turbine and the synchronous generator connected to a local load are modeled. The propositional-integral-derivative (PID) and linear quadratic regulator (LQR) are designed to control the flow, pressure, speed and voltage in the energy regeneration system. The results of two controllers are then compared under different conditions. The obtained model for Razan-Shazand transmission line crude oil are simulated and the results are interpreted. The results show the possibility of a significant energy regeneration and the appropriate performance of the designed system with the proposed controllers.