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In a student academic learning process, process of plagiarism starts very early from preparation for assessment, followed by seminar presentation. This plagiaristic research practice knowingly or unknowingly gets inculcated in student as habit. Studies published on ethics in research practice until now are from developed nations where ethics in research is taught in undergraduate training itself. Aim of study is to investigate knowledge, attitude and practices towards plagiarism in undergraduate medical students at a teaching school in south East Asia.We adopted cross sectional study design and study was done during February-April 2022 in a sample of 200 undergraduate medical students to assess knowledge, attitude and practices (KAP) towards plagiarism. All undergraduates (from 1 year to final year) of both genders were allowed to participate. Students not willing to be part of study were excluded. Validated questionnaire consisting of three sections addressing knowledge, attitude, and practice of plagiarism was utilized for assessment. Questionnaire consists of (a) Questions related to knowledge (b) Questions related to positive and negative attitudes towards plagiarism and (c) questions related to practice of plagiarism. Students were encouraged to fill all questions. These KAP Questionnaire forms were analysed after taking back from students and percentages were calculated. Data was analyzed by using Microsoft excel and Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) statistical software, version 16.Out of 200 participants, 52% were females and 48% were males. Mean±SD age of participants is 18.7±2.6 years. Majority of students (80%) know aboutethical principles in research and practices of plagiarism. Half of students (50%) had experience with research and instances of plagiarism and some know problems they should encounter if they do plagiarism. 70% appropriately answered domains which include plagiarism, 65% answered appropriately practices that may be considered as plagiarism and 50% answered appropriately practices that may not be regarded as plagiarism and only 40% appropriately answered republishing one’s own previous works whether to be considered plagiarism or notResponse to practices of plagiarism is around 20 to 40%. Questions like whether self-plagiarism should be considered serious or not has same response.This shows that majority of undergraduate medical students had knowledge regarding principles of ethics in research and problems they should encounter if they practice plagiarism. Majority have negative attitude towards plagiarism.

Integral transform plays important role in various fields. Recently, Kushare, Takate and Patil introduced Kushare transform in 2021. Many researchers used this transform for solving various problems. In this paper we use Kushare transform for solving problems from mechanics. We use it to simple harmonic motion.

SARS-CoV-2 a virus born disease spread by droplet infection involving multi system failure but the main system affected by it is respiratory system. In this pandemic condition, when there is no treatment, Ayurveda offers various drugs that have proven to be highly useful in treating this condition, one of which being Trilokya Chintamani Ras, which has proven to be a miracle in treating mild to severe instances of covid 19. This medicine proved to be a life-saving elixir. It is a mineral compound that contains Bhasmas from several minerals. The minerals utilised in this drugs' shown antiviral properties, preventing cytokine storm in mild to moderate instances, while also acting as ambrosia in covid 19 patients.

High temperature is one of the major abiotic stresses that predominantly affect photosynthetic processes and thereby crop yield. This study was done to get an insight into the mechanism by which plants dissipate excess photon energy during high temperature. For this, measurement of photosystem II (PS II) and photosystem II (PS I) mediated electron transfer rates, P700 redox state and their recovery capacity was done. The results revealed that capacity of open PS II reaction centers to capture excitation energy, the dissipation of excitation energy in the form of heat or non-photochemical quenching [Y(NPQ)] and the quantum yield of PS II [Y(II)] were sensitive to the initial heat treatment (HT) time (2, 5 and 10 min) at 40 °C. PS I was stable at 40 °C till 5 min, but lost stability with increasing HT time. Under increasing HT time low value of Y(NA) indicated suppression of the over reduction of PS I acceptor side caused by increased quantum yield of cyclic electron flow [Y(CEF)] around PS I. The recovery studies in dark and light conditions showed that at 40 °C till 5 min, PS II was recovered completely. In 10 min, slight recovery was observed in PS II in dark while it recovered completely in light condition. This recovery in PS II was due to the recovery in the mentioned sensitive parameters. PS I was recovered completely in 10 min in dark and light conditions both. In 20 min slight recovery was seen in PS II and PS I both. It is concluded that PS II was recovered mainly at the donor side. It is also concluded that cyclic electron flow plays an important role in protection for PS I from heat stress through alleviating the over-reduction of PS I acceptor side.

Mucolipidosis (ML) (OMIM 607840 & 607838) is a rare autosomal recessive inherited disorder that occurs due to the deficiency of golgi enzyme uridine diphosphate (UDP)- N-acetylglucosamine-1-phosphotransferase (GlcNAc-phosphotransferase) responsible for tagging mannose-6-phosphate for proper trafficking of lysosomal enzymes to lysosomes. Variants in GlcNAc-phosphotransferase (GNPTAB (α, β subunits) and GNPTG (γ subunits) are known to result in impaired targeting of lysosomal enzymes leading to Mucolipidosis (ML) Type II or Type III. We analyzed 69 Indian families of MLII/III for clinical features and molecular spectrum and performed in silico analysis for novel variants. We identified 38 pathogenic variants in GNPTAB and 5 pathogenic variants in GNPTG genes including missense, frame shift, deletion, duplication and splice site variations. A total of 26 novel variants were identified in GNPTAB and 4 in GNPTG gene. In silico studies using mutation prediction software like SIFT, Polyphen2 and protein structure analysis further confirmed the pathogenic nature of the novel sequence variants detected in our study. Except for a common variant c.3503_3504delTC in early onset MLII, we could not establish any other significant genotype and phenotype correlation. This is one of the largest studies reported till date on Mucolipidosis II/III in order to identify mutation spectrum and any recurrent mutations specific to the Indian ethnic population. The mutational spectrum information in Indian patients will be useful in better genetic counselling, carrier detection and prenatal diagnosis for patients with ML II/III.

In 2014, SPE-167857-MS was published highlighting how Real-Time Surveillance using the Shell proprietary Production Universe (PU) application helped to reduce deferment, improve production allocation, optimize test unit capacity, and track well operating envelope in Brunei Shell Petroleum BSP (company) operations in South East Asia.Since then, there has been significant progress in the application of PU to help the company meet Wells Reservoir Management (WRFM) requirements and Operational Excellence standards in areas such as Platform Production Reconciliation, Well Modeling, Production Estimation, and Exception based Surveillance helping the company to improve their Hydrocarbon and Energy Accounting. The wider introduction of the PU application in the allocation process significantly helped in Hydrocarbon Accounting (HCA), helping company's journey in moving from monthly to daily allocation and assisting to improve the field reconciliation factor (RF).The utilization of PU has also facilitated real-time monitoring of production parameters supporting engineers to safely and efficiently operate their wells within the Operating Envelopes while adhering to reservoir management guidelines.The optimization engine of the PU has been used to maximize the production of company contributing to two major success stories of Real-Time Condensate Optimization in a Gas-Constraint system and Gas Lift Optimization in a platform with limited lift gas availability amongst the producing wells.An Integrated Production Monitoring and Optimization System (IPMOS) provides asset-wide advice on optimally producing company's well within the constraints imposed by limitations on pipeline capacity, compressor throughput, and remote operability while satisfying customer demands.PU is additionally being used in Proactive Technical Monitoring (PTM) of rotating equipment to identify the critical parameters operating outside the set limits in an exception-based format.PU alerts & alarms have been configured in a wide range of operational monitoring such as Ensure Safe Production (ESP), Chemical Injection, Annulus Pressure Monitoring(APM), Control-Line pressure, Erosion-Corrosion Monitoring System(ECMS) to alert Production Engineers in case of any discrepancy or exception-based format for them to take remedial actions.This paper will explain how each of the above applications in PU has helped company in its journey of closing its gap to potential and achieving the digital transformation of its operations.

The typical absorber layer thickness to the solar cells is 3–5 µm as well as the controlled copper doping is very promising for CdTe thin films and concerned solar cell devices to achieve low resistivity and ohmic contacts as well. In this study, we report the physical properties of e-beam developed CdTe:Cu films (0.55 µm) with an impact of thermal annealing. The structural study revealed that films have preferential growth along (1 1 1) zinc blende cubic plane, and crystallinity improved with annealing. The electrical current is found to increase with voltage and decrease with annealing which revealed nearly ohmic behavior and shrinking in electrical conductivity. Films surface have deep valley and hill like topography while higher roughness is observed for 300 °C annealed films. Transmission spectra showed lower transmittance in the whole visible region and optimum band gap (1.58 eV) is estimated for 300 °C annealed films. Our study exposes that 300 °C annealed CdTe:Cu films have a preference to become a suitable candidate for absorber layer functions.

Objective: Spinal or epidural anesthesia techniques provide the best method of anesthesia for lower abdominal and lower limb surgeries. Small doses of adjuvants administered spinally provide profoundly prolonged segmental analgesia with good post-operative pain relief. The objective of the present study is to evaluate the efficacy of dexmedetomidine (10 μg) versus fentanyl (25 μg) as an adjuvant added to bupivacaine in spinal anesthesia for patients undergoing lower abdominal and gynecological surgeries and assessment of duration of post-operative analgesia. Methods: Hospital-based randomized double-blind controlled study conducted in tertiary teaching hospital of Kakinada and Rajahmundry. The period of study is February 2013–July 2018. Patients were divided into two groups of 25 each. In the first group, dexmedetomidine was added as adjuvant to bupivacaine whereas in the second group fentanyl was added as an adjuvant to bupivacaine. The visual analog scale used to assess the analgesic effect. Time at which the rescue analgesic given was noted which gives the duration of post-operative analgesia. Results: Results were analyzed in both groups. The software used for statistical analysis was GraphPad for windows 10.0.5. Continuous variables were analyzed with student t-test and analysis of variance. Post-operative analgesia duration is significantly prolonged in the dexmedetomidine group with a mean 308.64±12.50 compared to fentanyl group where the mean is 253.12 min±14.30. There is a statistically significant difference (p

The AC-DC rectifiers are utilized in Electric Vehicles (EV's) to charge the batteries with improved quality of power. Today’s market EV’s are widely complicatedly designed with incorporated chargers having numerous phases of transformation topologies. It restrains the charging power to an immense degree, since a charger appraised for high power would be too massive to even consider placing the vehicle on board. In addition, it would also negatively affect the weight of the vehicle just as it would affect the space required under the bonnet. This paper features a single stage AC to DC rectifier for off-board E-Vehicle battery charger. The proposed active rectifier is built up by four MOSFETs and four diodes can generate five levels of voltage, reducing the channels used to communicate with electrical power. The outcome of the proposed work results in reduction of Total Harmonic Reduction (THD) with improved power factor. The simulations results are validated by compared with hardware results.

Background: Onychopathies or nail disorders are associated with social stigma and causes limitation of daily activities by hampering the function of both fingers and toes. Aim: To evaluate the impact of onychopathies on quality of life (QoL) and compare the severity of impact on QoL in various nail disorders. Materials and Methods: A hospital-based cross-sectional study consisting of 540 patients with onychopathies was conducted in the dermatology outpatient department. Patients were requested to complete a nail-specific QoL questionnaire consisting of 24 and 16 questions, respectively, for fingernails (group F) and toenails (group T) with five possible responses to each question. A score of 1-5 was given to each response. Statistical analysis was done to compare the impact of QoL on the different types of onychopathies. Results: We found that onychopathies have a significant impact on QoL. QoL was significantly more affected when multiple nails were involved (P = 0.020 for group F and P = 0.001 for group T). QoL impact was statistically more significant in women (P = 0.038 for group F and P < 0.001 for group T) and in younger people aged

BACKGROUND Seborrheic keratosis is a benign skin tumour. None of the common therapies is satisfactory. This study compared the efficacy of 30% hydrogen peroxide versus 50% trichloroacetic acid in treatment of seborrheic keratoses. METHODS This unblinded, comparative interventional study was conducted on 85 patients of seborrheic keratosis. Lesions were graded using physician's lesion assessment (PLA) scale (0, clear; 1, nearly clear; 2≤1 mm thick; 3≥1 mm thick). Patients were randomly assigned into two groups: A and B. Five target seborrheic keratosis lesions with PLA score of three were selected in each patient. Group A was treated with 30% hydrogen peroxide and group B with 50% trichloroacetic acid. Both groups received treatment every week up to 5 weeks or till complete resolution of lesions. Clinical photographs of all patients were taken every 2 weeks. RESULTS Both the groups were comparable in terms of age and sex. At the end of 6 weeks, lesions were cleared completely in 41.8% of patients in group A and in 23.8% in group B. Mean PLA score decreased significantly in group A from 3 to 1.79 (40.3%) at 2 weeks and to 0.63 (79%) at 6 weeks (P

Mucolipidosis (ML) (OMIM 607840607838) is a rare autosomal recessive inherited disorder that occurs due to the deficiency of golgi enzyme uridine diphosphate (UDP)- N-acetylglucosamine-1-phosphotransferase (GlcNAc-phosphotransferase) responsible for tagging mannose-6-phosphate for proper trafficking of lysosomal enzymes to lysosomes. Variants in GlcNAc-phosphotransferase (GNPTAB (α, β subunits) and GNPTG (γ subunits) are known to result in impaired targeting of lysosomal enzymes leading to Mucolipidosis (ML) Type II or Type III. We analyzed 69 Indian families of MLII/III for clinical features and molecular spectrum and performed in silico analysis for novel variants. We identified 38 pathogenic variants in GNPTAB and 5 pathogenic variants in GNPTG genes including missense, frame shift, deletion, duplication and splice site variations. A total of 26 novel variants were identified in GNPTAB and 4 in GNPTG gene. In silico studies using mutation prediction software like SIFT, Polyphen2 and protein structure analysis further confirmed the pathogenic nature of the novel sequence variants detected in our study. Except for a common variant c.3503_3504delTC in early onset MLII, we could not establish any other significant genotype and phenotype correlation. This is one of the largest studies reported till date on Mucolipidosis II/III in order to identify mutation spectrum and any recurrent mutations specific to the Indian ethnic population. The mutational spectrum information in Indian patients will be useful in better genetic counselling, carrier detection and prenatal diagnosis for patients with ML II/III.

Image fusion has been widely used to combine multispectral information into an enhanced information image. The application of such enhanced information content in the field of surveillance for improving situation awareness of observer is highly recommended. When a single sensor information is used for surveillance like visible camera output during poor ambient lighting conditions, ‘hot-target’ details are not visible to the observer. The use of visible-infrared fused image is recommended during surveillance in poor ambient lighting conditions to visualise background scene details and ‘hot-target’ details simultaneously. A wrapping-based curvelet transform method is proposed for fusion of infrared and visible images. Curvelet transform is used because of its advantages over wavelet transform limitations like directional insensitivity, isotropic basis and inability to resolve curves. The approximation coefficients are fused using the principal component analysis rule while detailed coefficients are ...

The grain growth to polycrystalline absorber films could be achieved by passivating the boundaries of grains by the chloride treatment (using CdCl2 or MgCl2) in the Cd-based solar cells. Therefore, in this paper, a study on the physical properties to MgCl2 heat treated CdSe films is reported. The CdSe films were deposited by vacuum depended electron beam evaporation followed by chloride treatment using MgCl2 and then air annealing at temperature 443 K, 593 K and 743 K. The films were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), source meter and UV-Vis. spectrophotometer for structural, elemental, electrical and optical properties, respectively. Structural analysis reveals that the pristine and films annealed at temperature 443 K, and 593 K are crystallized in cubic phase having (111) predominant peak. Elemental analysis demonstrates emission peaks of Cd, Se, Mg and Cl atoms confirming the deposition and treatment. The experimental results demonstrated that the MgCl2-treated thin CdSe films at 593 K may behave as an alternative absorber layer to the thin-film based solar cells.

The existence of grain boundaries and difficulties in formation of suitable ohmic contacts are problematic issues in polycrystalline CdTe thin film solar cells which behave as roadblocks in achieving higher efficiency. The two important steps viz. CdCl2 passivation and Cu doping into CdTe absorber layer are regarded as promising ways to tackle these problems. Therefore present investigation reports the annealing evolution to physical properties of CdCl2 treated CdTe:Cu films which are deposited by cost effective e-beam evaporation technique. Structural analysis describes that with annealing, average grain size corresponding to dominant (111) peak is enhanced. Optical absorbance is initially improved and later reduced with annealing, also a band gap of 1.62 eV is attained for 300 °C annealed films. The annealed films showed cylindrical shaped grain structure in AFM mapping. Electrical properties disclose a straight line relationship between current and voltage with varying conductivity. The improved grain growth, higher absorbance, near optimum band gap, ohmic nature and higher surface roughness of 300 °C processed films demand their recommendations as a pertinent contestant for absorber layer operations in CdTe based solar cells.

Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is the most common microvascular complication observed in patients with type-2 diabetes mellitus. Furthermore, magnesium (Mg) deficiency is a common problem in diabetic patients. In this study, we estimated the levels of Mg, which is an important trace element and pro-oxidant marker, and then evaluated the association between serum Mg and pro-oxidants in patients with DN. In the present study, 200 patients were enrolled and were divided into two groups. The control and DN groups consisted of 100 healthy individuals and 100 patients with DN, respectively. Serum Mg, total anti-oxidant capacity (TAC), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) levels were estimated using the Calmagite, Koracevic, and Marklund and Marklund methods, respectively. Glutathione (GSH) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were estimated using the Tietze F and Jean CD method, respectively. Mg levels were found to be significantly decreased in the DN group in comparison to the control group. Anti-oxidant markers were statistically significantly reduced (P

Background: Storage of serum and other blood products is often necessary in laboratories because of technical issues or to preserve samples for subsequent research purposes. The aim of this study was to determine whether the stability of biochemical analytes is affected by storage conditions. Materials and Methods: A total of 17 biochemical analytes in the sera of ten patients were examined following storage. Subsequent to determining the baseline measurements, the serum of each patient was aliquoted and stored at −20°C for 7, 15, and 30 days and then analyzed for stability. The results were compared with the initial analysis measurements obtained from fresh samples. Mean changes compared to baseline (T0) concentrations were evaluated both statistically and clinically. Results: Our results show that sodium, potassium, urea, creatinine, uric acid, total calcium, phosphorus, direct bilirubin, total bilirubin, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, total protein, albumin, cholesterol, and triglyceride levels were stable under all conditions. Serum amylase was the only analyte demonstrating instability following prolonged storage; amylase levels changed significantly (both statistically and clinically) at 7, 15, and 30 days (P < 0.05). Conclusion: Most common biochemical analytes, except for amylase, showed adequate stability in serum following 30 days of storage at −20°C. Serum amylase analysis should be conducted on the same day that the sample is received in the laboratory.