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Background: Multiple pregnancies are associated with an increased risk of obstetric complications as well as perinatal morbidity and mortality especially in developing countries. The present study aims to identify socio-demographic, obstetric, and maternal complications associated with any adverse perinatal outcome in singleton and twin deliveries in the department of obstetrics and gynaecology at the R. D. Gardi Medical College in Ujjain between September 1, 2021 and December 31, 2022.. Methods: This comparative prospective study was conducted in the department of obstetrics and gynecology, R. D. Gardi Medical College in Ujjain between September 1, 2021 and December 31, 2022. Consecutive sampling was done till the sample size of 142 was reached for both twin and singleton pregnancies. It included all women admitted in antenatal ward and labor room with clinical or ultrasound diagnosis of twin pregnancy after 28 weeks of gestation. Results: The incidence of twins in this study was 1.85%. Mean maternal age was 24.08±2.73 years for twin pregnancies and 24.08±3.56 for singleton pregnancies. Twins were seen more in multigravida as compared to primigravida. Preterm labor (40%), anemia (26.5%) and hypertensive disorders (14.3%) and PPH (6%) were the most common complication in twin pregnancies. Significantly higher rate of LSCS were seen in twin pregnancies (30.6%) as compared to singletons 17%. There was higher incidence of moderate to severe asphyxia, IUGR and higher rate of NICU admissions in twins as compared to singletons. Conclusions: Early diagnosis, good antenatal care with early recognition of complications and their timely referral and management at a tertiary care with level 3 neonatal care can help reduce maternal and perinatal mortality and morbidity. Prompt ANC care and timely intervention is required to avoid these complications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we report the microstructural investigation and influence of H-bonding on the thermal behavior e.g., glass transition (Tg) and thermal degradation of chiral copolymers of (R)- N-(1-phenyl-ethyl) methacrylamide (R-NPEMAM) and 2-hydroxy ethyl methacrylate (HEMA). The Tg increases with the increase of chiral unit content in the copolymers and then attains optimum at around 25 mole % of chiral content. Thereafter it decreases with the increase of chiral content. The effect of copolymer composition and secondary interaction associated with the Hbonding on the thermal properties of these copolymers was also studied. Secondary interaction, specifically H-bonding has been interpreted using FTIR analysis. The copolymers thermally degrade in three stages. The first and third stages of degradation are associated with the chiral comonomer (R-NPEMAM) whereas the second stage indicates the degradation due to HEMA unit present in the copolymer chain. The activation energies for these degradations of the copolymers have been evaluated using Flynn-Wall and Kissinger method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study reported a sexual assault case where Y-STR DNA profile was tested for the confirmation of male DNA. Within the DNA profile of the sample of accused, a tri-allelic pattern was detected at locus DYF387S1. Since this locus doesn't exist in any of the commercially available Y-STR amplification kits, So, the confirmation of this tri-allelic pattern was done by re-extracting and amplifying the extracted DNA by using Y-Filer Plus amplification kit (Thermo Fischer Scientific, CA, USA--Thermo) followed by separation of amplicons on Genetic Analyzer 3500xl.The allelic patterns of case sample belong to Type-2 pattern of tri-allelic outcome because peak heights were in balanced manner. This region is very much prone towards any structural mutation which could be either addition or deletion of allele, so for the forensic point of view this locus should be used carefully for kinship analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The multifunctional double network (DN) soft hydrogels reported here are highly swellable and stretchable pH‐responsive smart hydrogel materials with sufficient strength and self‐healing properties. Such multifunctional hydrogels are achieved using double crosslinking structures with multiple physical and chemical crosslinks. They consist of a copolymer network of acrylamide (AM) and sodium acrylate (Na‐AA) and other reversible network of poly(vinyl alcohol)–borax complex. They were characterized by Fourier transform IR analysis and studied for their hydrogen bonding and ionic interaction. The degree of equilibrium swelling was observed to be as high as 5959% (at pH 7.0) for a hydrogel with AM/Na‐AA = 25/75 wt% in the network (GS‐6 sample). The highest degree of swelling was observed to be 6494% at pH 8.5. The maximum tensile strength was measured to be 1670, 580 and 130 kPa for a DN hydrogel (GS‐2 sample: AM/Na‐AA =75/25 wt% with 20, 40 and 60 wt% water content, respectively). The self‐healing efficiency was estimated to be 69% for such a hydrogel. These multifunctional DN hydrogels with amalgamation of many functional properties are unique in hydrogel materials and such materials may find applications in sensors, actuators, smart windows and biomedical applications. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry Multifunctional double network pH‐responsive smart hydrogels have been developed which are highly swellable and stretchable with sufficient strength and self‐healing properties. Such hydrogels are based on double crosslinking structures with multiple physical and chemical crosslinks of a network of acrylamide and sodium acrylate embedded into another reversible network of poly(vinyl alcohol)–borax complex. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Crosslinking is one of the most important factors affecting the major characteristics of polymer and hydrogel materials. Now-a-days, double network (DN) hydrogels have attracted special attention for their high strength and stretchability. In this investigation, we report the effect of crosslinker concentration on the DN hydrogels which are consisting of poly(vinyl alchohol)-borax as the first network and poly(acrylamide-co-2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) as the second network synthesized by in-situ crosslinking polymerization process using N, N'-methylenebisacrylamide (MBA) as crosslinker. Various properties of the DN hydrogels such as degree of swelling, swelling kinetics, gel fraction and network parameters (crosslink density, average molar mass between crosslinks, mesh size etc.) were studied. The polymer-solvent interaction parameter (χ) and polymer volume fraction in swollen state (VP) were also calculated using Flory-Rehner Theory. We observed that the degree of swelling was increased with increasing crosslinker concentration up to 0.1 wt% of monomers. But above this concentration, it was decreased with crosslinker concentration. The gel fractions as well as mechanical properties were increased with increasing MBA crosslinker concentration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

(R)-N-(1-phenyl-ethyl) methacrylamide (R-NPEMAM) was synthesized which is an organic chiral monomer. The crystals of such monomer were obtained by recrystallization of the synthesized product from ethanol-water mixture. It was polymerized with 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) and a crosslinking monomer, N,N ' methylene bisacrylamide in toluene medium. These materials have been characterized by different analytical techniques such as FTIR, elemental and SEM analyses for their structural and morphological investigation. The organic monomer is a chiral molecule and its optical rotation was observed to be: [α]D25=28° (C 1.0 DMF). On the other hand, optical rotations were observed to be: 35° for its polymer (CP) and 8 to 21° for its copolymers having different chiral content. Such organic and polymeric materials were studied for their NLO properties. The relative second harmonic generation (SHG) efficiency of organic chiral monomer crystal (CCM) was 1.22 times that of KDP, whereas the values of polymer and copolymers were slightly less (0.87 to 0.94) than that of the KDP crystal. However, all these values are comparable to the property of other organic crystals and also to the recently reported SHG efficiency of 1.5 times for organic 4-chloroanilinium-L-tartrate monohydrate single crystal. These materials may find their potential nonlinear optical applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this investigation, we report double network (DN) hydrogels having high mechanical strength at their swollen state. Such a double network hydrogel is consisting of PVA-borax double strand in which P(AM-HEMA) crosslinked network was embedded by in-situ polymerization. Both the swelling property and tensile strength of the hydrogels (in their swollen state) depends on the composition of the hyrogels. The equilibrium swelling ratio was achieved as high as 1272% for a sample where AM/HEMA=100/0 was taken in the second network (no HEMA). The compositional ratio of AM and HEMA in forming double network has also distinct influence on the mechanical properties of the hydrogels. The tensile strength values for DN hydrogels having 80 wt% water content were measured to be 21.77kPa, 31.47 kPa and 32.21 kPa for the DN hydrogels having AM/ HEMA weight ratio 67/33, 50/50 and 25/75 (PVA-borax content being constant). Elongation of more than 200% was also achieved in such a DN hydrogel. The results obtained in this system of DN hydrogels having PVA-borax network are comparable with those reported for other systems. The high mechanical properties of such hydrogels can be attributed to the reinforcing influence of PVA-borax complex crosslinking onto the P(AM-HEMA) networks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]