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Kalidami Boezem is one of Surabaya City’s boezems that is used as a flood control. This boezem can experience silting due to solids that settle from domestic wastewater entering the boezem. This causes decrease in Kalidami Boezem’s volume. The implementation of sludge dredging as boezem maintenance has not been based on accumulation of deposited sludge and sediment distribution. The research included analysis of degradation rate, total solid, and total suspended solid. Sludge sampling was conducted once at inlet, middle, and outlet boezem. Sludge degradation rate was analyzed for 25 days with gravimetric analysis and reaction kinetics approach. Water sampling for sludge accumulation rate analysis was conducted for 7 consecutive days. Sludge accumulation rate was calculated based on the difference in total solid at inlet and outlet. Water sampling for sediment distribution mapping was conducted 3 times a week. Sampling points for sediment distribution mapping amounted to 15 points based on transects 60 m x 30 m. The results of TSS analysis from each transect will be mapped using Surfer 23. Degradation rate of sludge in Kalidami Boezem is 0.0005/day. Sludge occupies 1.65% of the effective storage boezem’s volume with accumulation rate of 1780.484 m³/year. Sediment distribution decreased from inlet to outlet due to settling velocity, flow based on Reynold’s number, settling velocity, flow velocity at each transects point, dredging, and pumping activities. The settling velocity is greater than the water flow velocity so that more solids are sedimented at the inlet of the boezem.

Forest fire was a persistent concern management in conservation areas of Mount Ciremai National Park (MCNP) and Kuningan Botanical Garden (KBG). Many of the forest fire was sparked by anthropogenic ignitions like careless fire use for extracting forest honey. This study aims to map multi stakeholder roles on fire management in conservation areas. Twenty-seven actors were interviewed to learn who are the fire actors and network. These multi stakeholders included government officials, local businessmen, non-governmental organizations and community members. Study site and data collection were carried out in seven villages around conservation areas from July to September 2019. The relationships between the actors were analyzed with the software Node XL Basic and Gephi 9.0.2 using the Social Network Analysis. Our results identify close relationships and strong connections to all actors of more than half (63.2%) but social or personal approach between all actors were still required. Head of MCNP, Head of KBG and Head of AKAR (Aktivitas Anak Rimba) acted as the important actors. To prevent the area from further fire occurrences, management authorities should establish mutual confidence and make other actors believe that heads of conservation areas are a solid team to prevent conservation areas from burning.

Understanding about social capacital of community has an essential role in supporting the collaborative management of conservation area. This study aims to assess the characteristics of elements of social capital and measure the relationship of the effects of elements of social capital on social capital owned by communities around the buffer zone of Taman Nasional Gunung Ciremai (TNGC). Study site was located in the upstream area of Cisanggarung watershed. Data collection was undertaken through three stages, i.e. literature study, field observation, and inteview. The analysis was conducted using confirmatory factor analysis and descriptive test. The results demonstrated that the social capacital of communities around the buffer zone of TNGC, even though in the same watershed ecosystem unit they had varied characteristics. This fact is proven by the differences in social capital categories and the most influential elements of social capital in the formation of social capital in rural areas that are buffer zones. In order to support the collaborative management in TNGC, the sub-elements of social capital which is at a very weak and weak level, as well as the most influential social capital element in the formation of social capital in each village, should be the main consideration in increasing social capital and preparing conservation collaborative programs that are will be done in each village.

Habitat factors greatly affect the composition of the mangrove ecosystem. Changes in habitat quality may result on a shift of the type of plant mangrove ecosystem composition. This study aimed to determine the spatial distribution patterns of mangrove vegetation based on the characteristics of the habitat in the mangrove area in Pemalang District. The method used for data collection was the combination of transect method and plot sampling. The results showed that the spatial distribution of mangrove habitat factors at each observation station formed three clusters with different characteristics. Cluster 1 was characterized by low levels of pH, dissolved oxygen, and temperatures, as well as high values of mud thickness, and salinity. Cluster 2 was characterized by the low amount of dissolved oxygen, salinity, and mud thickness and high levels of temperature and pH. Cluster 3 was characterized by low values of pH, salinity, and mud thickness but high amount of dissolved oxygen and mild temperatures. The spatial distribution of mangrove species based on the characteristics of the habitat factors formed three clusters. Cluster 1 were Rhizophora mucronata Lam. and Sonneratia alba Sm. species as the habitat characteristics were mild temperatures and high amount of dissolved oxygen. Cluster 2 were Acanthus ilicifolius L., Avicennia alba Blume, and Rhizophora apiculata Blume with habitat characteristics were moderate levels of mud thickness, pH, dissolved oxygen and salinity. Cluster 3 was Avicennia marina (Forsk.) Vierh. as its habitat characteristics were high values of pH, salinity, temperature, and mud thickness.

Part of forests in Papua is still as logging concession. Pometia spp. are target species, but there is still a lack of information regarding the ecological condition of those species. Thus, the objectives of this research were to describe what tree species (small and large individuals) associated with Pometia, how logging and soil properties influence the association and to analyze the structure of Pometia in term of diameter distribution. Canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) was applied to describe the association and its relationship with environmental factors (soil and litterfall). The results showed that association of small and large individuals of trees with both Pometia showed a different pattern in which the small individuals had a positive association and had certain tree species as a community. This association resulted from logging activity leading to the change in ecological conditions. Conversely, the association between large tree species with Pometia acuminata Radlk. and Pometia pinnata J. R. Forst. & G.Forst. showed negative pattern and tree species correlated with both Pometia were different. C content of litterfall had a positive correlation with large Pometia acuminata and its community from environmental factors. Furthermore, the small individuals of Pometia were dynamic as a response to logging in which a number of the small individuals of Pometia tended to increase after logging

Tropical rainforest changed in term of structure, composition and population, resulting from logging. One of target trees during logging is Pometia. Our goals of this research were to answer that (1) How were survival, growth, fecundity and population growth rate (λ) of Pometia within remnant stands?; (2) what were driving factors to explain population dynamics of Pometia within logged forest?. Data were derived from three hectares-permanent sample plot (PSP) in logged forest of PT Tunas Timber Lestari. Integral Projection Models (IPMs) were applied to analyze population dynamics. The study showed dynamically that probability of the individuals of Pometia survived in this area did not significantly differ among their size, while stands showed the significant difference between small and large individuals. The growth of both individuals of Pometia and stands varied significantly in different size. The probability of fecundity both Pometia and stands were significantly different among size. The population of Pometia has been increasing for about a decade as the population of all stands was growing as well. Moreover, the regular documentation of species composition and structure before and after logging is necessary as a control of biodiversity. Therefore, a proper protocol to monitor the biodiversity should be designed by government and disseminated it to logging companies. How to CiteMurdjoko, A., Marsono, D., Sadono, R. & Hadisusanto, S. (2016). Population Dynamics of Pometia for The Period of Post-Selective Logging in Tropical Rainforest, Southern Papua, Indonesia. Biosaintifika: Journal of Biology & Biology Education, 8(3), 321-330.

ABSTRAK Dalam upaya mempertahankan kelestarian hutan mangrove, informasi tentang potensi sumberdaya mangrove sangat diperlukan sebagai data dasar bagi perencanaan pengelolaan dan pemanfaatan hutan mangrove. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui komposisi jenis, keanekaragaman dan pola komunitas di hutan mangrove Andai, Kabupaten Manokwari. Areal penelitian dibagi menjadi 2 bagian oleh sungai Andai, dimana bagian pertama terdiri dari 6 releve dan bagian kedua 7 releve. Pada setiap releve dibuat petak pengamatan untuk tingkat semai, pancang dan pohon. Data yang dicatat meliputi jenis, jumlah, diameter, tinggi, serta data parameter lingkungan. Data dianalisis dengan menghitung indeks nilai penting, menentukan pola pengelompokkan komunitas dengan metode ordinasi 2 dimensi, dan menghitung nilai indeks keanekaragaman. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa komposisi jenis pada tingkat semai terdiri dari 31 jenis mangrove (19 jenis mangrove sejati, 12 jenis mangrove ikutan). Tingkat pancang terdiri dari 29 jenis mangrove (18 jenis mangrove sejati, 11 jenis mangrove ikutan). Tingkat pohon terdiri dari 30 jenis mangrove (20 jenis mangrove sejati dan 10 jenis mangrove ikutan). Mangrove sejati meliputi 7 family. Sedangkan mangrove ikutan meliputi 13 family. Dominasi jenis mangrove pada tingkat semai yaitu Bruguiera parviflora (INP=481.71), pada tingkat pancang didominasi jenis Rhizophora apiculata (INP = 903.27) dan pada tingkat pohon didominasi oleh jenis Rhizophora apiculata (INP=664.91). Pola pengelompokkan komunitaspada tingkat semai, pancang dan pohon terbagi menjadi 3 (Tiga) kelompok komunitas. Sedangkan faktor lingkungan yang memiliki hubungan signifikan dengan pola pengelompokkan komunitas di tingkat semai, pancang dan pohon pada masing-masing releve adalah tekstur tanah (lempung, debu, pasir), salinitas tanah dan air, pH tanah, bahan organik, P tersedia, K tersedia dan Ca. Nilai indeks keanekaragaman menunjukkan bahwa nilai terendah terdapat pada releve 2 sedangkan nilai tertinggi ada pada releve 3. Namun secara keseluruhan nilai indeks keanekaragaman sedang untuk setiap tingkatan pertumbuhan pada semua releve. Nilai tersebut menunjukkan bahwa perkembangan ekosistem pada hutan mangrove Andai tergolong sedang. ABSTRACT In an effort to maintain the sustainability of mangrove forests, information about the potential of mangrove resources are needed as basic data for management planning and utilization of mangrove forests. This study aims to determine species composition, diversity and community patterns in mangrove forest, the Regency of Manokwari. Research area is divided into 2 parts by the river, where the first part consists of 6 releve and the second part 7 releve. In each releve plot observations made for the level of seedlings, saplings and trees. The data recorded includes species, number, diameter, height, and environmental parameters data. Data were analyzed by calculating the index key value, determine the pattern of community grouping with a 2-dimensional ordination methods, and calculate the value of diversity index. The results showed that the composition of species at the seedling level consists of 31 species of mangrove (19 true mangrove species, 12 species of mangrove follow-up). Saplings level consists of 29 species of mangrove (18 true mangrove species, 11 species of mangrove follow-up). Tree level consists of 30 species of mangrove (20 true mangrove species and 10 mangrove species follow-up). True mangrove cover 7 family. While mangrove follow-up includes 13 family. Dominance of mangrove seedlings at the level of Bruguiera parviflora (IVI = 481.71), at the saplings level Rhizophora apiculata dominated (IVI = 903.27) and at the tree level dominated by Rhizophora apiculata (IVI = 664.91). Community grouping pattern at the level of seedlings, saplings and trees were divided into 3 (three) groups of the community. While environmental factors have a significant relationship with patterns of community-level grouping of seedlings, saplings and trees in each releve was the soil texture (clay, dust, sand), soil and water salinity, soil pH, organic matter, available P, K is available and Ca. Diversity index value indicates that the lowest values found in releve 2 while the highest value on releve 3. But overall diversity index values are for each level of growth in all releve. Value indicates that the development of the mangrove forest ecosystem classified at the medium.

ABSTRAK Kebakaran merupakan salah satu penyebab kerusakan hutan tropis di Indonesia. Kerusakan yang berlangsung selama kebakaran hutan bersifat eksplosif artinya terjadi dalam waktu relatif cepat dan areal yang luas. Salah satu tipe dari ekosistem hutan hujan tropis adalah hutan rawa gambut. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah (1) mengkaji komposisi jenis, (2) mengkaji keanekaragaman jenis, (3) mengkaji distribusi jenis, (4) mengkaji asosiasi jenis (5) mengkaji persentase ketidaksamaan komunitas vegetasi di hutan rawa gambut bekas kebakaran tahun 1997, 2002, dan 2006.Penelitian ini dilakukan pada bulan Mei sampai Juni 2009 di wilayah Desa Kalampangan Kecamatan Sebangau dan Desa Taruna Jaya Kecamatan Jabiren Raya Kalimantan Tengah. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan membuat petak ukur dan kemudian melakukan identifikasi jenis. Titik-titik sampel ditentukan dengan metode random sampling dengan cara undian. Semua jenis dalam petak ukur dicatat nama, diukur diameter batang serta jumlahnya dan dikelompokkan sesuai tingkat pertumbuhannya. Hasil penelitian adalah 1) Ditemukan 8 jenis vegetasi antara lain Cratoxylon arborescens, Combretocarpus rotundatus, Timmonius wallichianum, Acroychia porteri, Acacia auriculiformis, Xylopia fusca, Ilex macropylla, dan Diospyros hermaproditich. 2) Keanekaragaman pada hutan rawa gambut bekas kebakaran sangat rendah. 3) Jenis Cratoxylon arborescens dan Combretocarpus rotundatus mempunyai kemampuan regenerasi yang lebih baik dibandingkan dengan jenis yang lainnya. Hal ini terlihat dari INP kedua jenis vegetasi yang memiliki nilai INP tertinggi. 4) Asosiasi yang diperlihatkan oleh banyak jenis (tingkat pertumbuhan pohon, tiang, pancang, semai) pada hutan rawa gambut bekas kebakaran adalah asosiasi positif yang artinya seluruh spesies lebih sering terdapat bersama-sama daripada sendiri-sendiri (bebas satu sama lain), dan mempunyai daya gabung dengan yang lainnya. 5) Berdasarkan persentase ketidaksamaan komunitas sebesar 55%, untuk tingkat semai dan pancang terbagi ke dalam tiga kelompok. Pengelompokan dapat terjadi karena lokasi yang berdekatan, frekuensi kebakaran, dan kesamaan faktor lingkungan. ABSTRACT Fire are one of the cause of tropical forest damaged in Indonesia. The damaged that occurs during the forest fire is explosive since it is happen in a quick moment and cover a broad area. One of the types of a tropical rain forest ecosystem is peat swamp forest. The purpose of this research namely : 1) Studying species composition, 2) Studying species diversity, 3) Studying species distribution,,4) Studying association, dan 5) Studying percentage disimilarity community species of vegetation of post fired in peat swamp forest in 1997, 2002, and 2006. The research was carried out from May until June 2009 in Kalampangan Village Subdistrict Sebangau and Taruna Jaya Village Subdistrict Jabiren Raya Central Kalimantan. Collecting data was done by making plot of land measuring then doing the identification of type. The sample points were determined by random sampling method. All types in plot of land measuring were named, measured the trunks including the numbers and then grouped according to level of growing.The result of this research are 1) There are eight types of vegetation found; Cratoxylon arborescens, Combretocarpus rotundatus, Timmonius wallichianum, Acroychia porteri, Acacia auriculiformis, Xylopia fusca, Ilex macropylla, dan Diospyros hermaproditich, 2) The diversity of a post-fired in peat swamp forest was low, 3) Figured out the ability of Cratoxylon arborescens and Combretocarpus rotundatus to regenerate better yet compared with the other types. This is viewed from two types of vegetation INP that had the high INP score. 4) The association is viewed by variety of types [level of tree growth, poles, sapling, seedling] to post fired of peat swamp forest–positively association means all species more often gathered than apart (free one each other), and had the ablitity to gathered with others.5) Base on fifty five percentage disimilarity community, there are three group community of sapling and seedling. Grouping to be able occur because nearness location, fire frequency, and the same environment factor.

ABSTRAK Penelitian ini adalah rekayasa sistem drainase berwawasan lingkungan pada Kawasan Industri Piyungan Kabupaten Bantul Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta. Obyek penelitian adalah rekayasa sistem drainase, dan tujuan penelitian yaitu melakukan kajian terhadap efektifitas penggunaan sistem drainase berwawasan lingkungan berupa sumur resapan, saluran resapan dan kolam resapan untuk meresapkan air hujan kedalam tanah sebagai fungsi konservasi air tanah. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode analisis deskriptif kualitatif dengan teknik pengumpulan adalah pengambilan sampel secara proporsional yang telah ditentukan dan mewakili keadaan obyek yang diteliti (purposive sampling). Analisis data dengan pendekatan empiris terhadap perencanaan sumur resapan, saluran resapan dan kolam resapan. Hasil rekayasa sistem drainase berwawasan lingkungan diperoleh nilai efektifitas penggunaan sumur resapan diameter 80 cm dan kedalaman 4 meter pada kawasan terbangun (C: 0,90) sebesar 29,96 %, lahan campuran (C: 0,50) sebesar 26,97 %, ruas jalan (C:0,80) sebesar 0 % dan lahan terbuka (C: 0,30) sebesar 17,98 %. Penggunaan saluran resapan berdasarkan ketentuan tipe jalan, diameter sumur resapan 40 cm, kedalaman sumur 2 meter dan jarak antar sumur 10 meter, diperoleh efektifitas saluran resapan sebesar 2,54 %. Kolam resapan mempunyai kontribusi peresapan sebesar 25 % (38.429,77 m3/tahun) dari kapasitas total debit penampungan 152.719,07 m3/tahun. Sistem drainase berwawasan lingkungan dengan koefisien permeabilitas tanah 4,66 cm/jam (1,3 x 10-3 cm/detik) diperoleh nilai peresapan untuk sumur resapan: 18,73 %, saluran resapan: 2,54 % dan kolam resapan sebesar 25 %, sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa penggunaan sumur resapan dipadukan dengan kolam resapan lebih efektif dari saluran resapan. ABSTRACT This study is ecodrainage system engineering in Piyungan Industrial Estate Bantul District of Yogyakarta Special Region. Object of research is engineered drainage systems, and research aims is a review of the effectiveness of the use of ecodrainage system in the form of infiltration wells, channel infiltration and infiltration ponds to absorb rain water infiltration into the soil as a function of soil water conservation. This study used a qualitative descriptive analysis method with collecting technique is proportional sampling predetermined and represent the state of the object under study. Data analysis with empirical approach to planning infiltration wells, infiltration channels and infiltration ponds. Engineered drainage system environmental values obtained effective use absorption wells diameter of 80 cm and a depth of 4 meters on the area awakened (C: 0.90) of 29.96%, mixed land (C: 0.50) by 26.97%, roads (C: 0.80) at 0% and the open land (C: 0.30) of 17.98%. The use of infiltration channels under the terms of the type of road, diameter 40 cm absorption wells, well depth of 2 meters and the distance between wells 10 meters, obtained effectiveness of absorption line at 2.54%. Swimming infiltration infiltration contributes 25% (38429.77 m3 / year) of the total discharge capacity of reservoirs 152,719.07 m3 / year. Ecodrainage system with soil permeability coefficient of 4.66 cm / h (1.3 x 10-3 cm / sec) absorption values obtained for infiltration wells: 18.73%, channel infiltration: 2.54% and infiltration ponds of 25 %, so it can be concluded that the use of infiltration wells combined with infiltration ponds more effective infiltration of the channel infiltration.

ABSTRAK Pengeloaan Kebun Raya Baturraden di Kawasan Hutan Produksi terbatas dapat menimbulkan permasalahan surface run off apabila penanganan lokasi tidak dilakukan secara konservatif. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengatasi problematika Perubahan ekositem Hutan Produksi Terbatas yang bersifat homogen menjadi Kebun Raya Baturraden merupakan hutan heterogen. Dengan cara membuat PU (Petak Ukur) di zona pemanfaatan keluasan 77,4 Ha, sebanyak 109 PU (Petak Ukur) dengan ukuran 20x20 m, intensitas 5,5, jarak antar PU 1, 3 m. Hasil pengamatan parameter yang menjadi pertimbangan ketinggian tanah antara 1076-760 Dpl, kelerengan tanah 12⁰-30⁰, kedalaman tanah < 85 Cm – 90

Papua has so many wide lowland areas that cover high diversity in plant from life-forms. In contrast, there is a lack of information concerning species diversity. The objectives of the research were to describe species of plant life-forms and described conspecific associations between small individuals and large individuals in natural tropical rainforest, south Papua. Then, 46 nested plots were placed systematically in natural tropical rainforest of Boven Digoel Regency, Papua. Density, frequency, dominance and importance value index (IVI) were analyzed to describe plant diversity, while detrended correspondence analysis (DCA) was to describe conspecific association between small individuals and large individuals. Results found 2040 individuals in this forest consisting 194 plant species. Those are from pteridophytes, angiosperms and gymnosperms. The plant life-forms are herbs, orchids, palms, pandans, shrubs, rattans, vines and trees in which of the plant life-forms, trees are the most abundant according to number of species. In the dominant plant species, two types of conspecific association occurred between small individuals and large individuals. Analysis of DCA revealed that three are large plant species grow along with their small individuals. Another type is that small individuals grow far from their large individuals.

ABSTRAK Struktur, keragaman dan asosiasi komunitas tumbuhan pemanjat dengan pohon inang di hutan tropis sangat ditentukan oleh banyak faktor biofisik habitat yang saling timbal balik hubungannya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui struktur, keragaman dan derajat asosiasi antara tumbuhan pemanjat dengan tegakan alam merbau di TWA Gunung Meja Manokwari, Papua Barat. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa liana di bawah tegakan merbau memiliki keragaman sedang, terdiri dari 67 jenis, 52 genera dan 32 famili liana, liana berkayu 33 jenis, 29 genera dan 22 famili dan liana tak berkayu 35 jenis, 27 genera dan 19 famili. Jenis dominan adalah Pothos rumphii, dominansi sedang Philodendron sp. dan 65 jenis yang lain kurang dominan. Sebanyak 33 jenis berasosiasi sangat kuat dengan tegakan merbau, 28 jenis asosiasinya kuat dan 6 jenis asosiasinya kurang kuat. Faktor lingkungan yang berperan terhadap strukur dan keragaman serta asosiasi adalah struktur vertikal dan struktur horizontal tegakan, naungan hutan, diameter, tinggi, tekstur batang dan lebar tajuk pohon merbau dan jenis pohon yang lain. ABSTRACT Reciprocal relationship among biophysical factors of habitat influence the structure, diversity and assocition levels of climbing plants with host tree in the tropical forest. The aims of this study were to know structure, diversity and assocition levels of liana and merbau population in Gunung Meja natural tourism park of Manokwari, West Papua. There were 67 species, 52 genera and 32 families of climbing plants under the merbau stands. It consists of 33 species of lianas, 29 genera, 22 families, 35 species of vines, 27 genera and 19 families and they have medium diversity levels. Pothos rumphii is the most dominant species, Philodendron sp. is medium dominant and 65 species are minimum dominant. 33 species have strong association with merbau stands, 28 species has less strong and 6 were not strong. Habitat factors that plays an important roll in the structure, diversity and assocition levels of climbing plants, were vertical and horizontal structure of forest stands, shade levels, diameters, height, crown width, texture of merbau burk and other tree species.

ABSTRAK Kegiatan penebangan berdampak pada perubahan komposisi dan struktur tegakan, penyebaran jenis pohon, kesamaan komunitas dan keragaman jenis. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui keragaman struktur dan komposisi tegakan pada hutan bekas tebangan berdasarkan bioregion di Papua. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa komposisi dan struktur secara ekologi berbeda yang ditunjukkan dengan nilai indeks kesamaan jenis yang rendah. Jenis-jenis penyusun tegakan pada tingkatan semai, pancang, tiang dan pohon dari tiap-tiap lokasi hampir semua berbeda. Namun ada beberapa jenis yang sama ditemui mendominasi pada lokasi PT. TTL dan PT. MML seperti Vatica rassak dan Syzygium sp. Kerapatan tegakan di PT. TTL lebih tinggi dibanding dengan kedua lokasi, sementara PT. WMT adalah lokasi dengan kerapatan tegakan paling rendah. Keragaman tegakan di PT. WMT adalah yang paling tinggi, sedangkan keragaman tegakan di PT. TTL adalah yang paling rendah. ABSTRACT Selective logging result in change in species composition, stand structure, species distribution, stand diversity and evenness. The aims of this study were to analyse biogeographically diversity of composition and structure of stands in logged-over forest in Papua. Results revealed that composition and structure differ ecologically among biogeographic region in which similarity indices were low. Then, composition species in PT. TTL, PT. MML and PT. WMT was deferent for seedlings, saplings, poles and trees, but for same species such as Vatica rassak and Syzygium sp were present and dominant in PT. TTL and PT. MML. Stand density in PT. TTL was the highest while the lowest stand density was in PT. WMT. Diversity in PT. WMT was highest while the lowest diversity was in di PT. TTL.

ABSTRAK Penggunaan kayu jati muda merupakan solusi alternatif terhadap terbatasnya ketersediaan bahan baku yang dihadapi oleh industri mebel. Kayu muda cenderung memiliki kayu berkualitas rendah. Salah satu pengukur kualitas kayu adalah sifat struktur makroskopik. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh umur pohon, bonita dan posisi aksial batang terhadap struktur makroskopis kayu dan kualitas kayu. Tiga puluh enam pohon jati muda ditebang dari kawasan hutan KPH Kendal, Provinsi Jawa Tengah. Tiga cakram berketebalan 3 cm diambil dari masing-masing posisi aksial batang, yaitu bagian pangkal, tengah dan ujung. Pengukuran proporsi kayu teras dan dimensi lingkaran tahun dilakukan berdasarkan perbedaan warna alami dan dengan menggunakan lembaran plastik transparan bergambar pola milimeter. Data dianalisis dengan analisis varians dalam rancangan acak lengkap berblok yang disusun secara faktorial. Pengujian lanjutan dilakukan dengan uji HSD Duncan. Kualitas kayu ditentukan dengan analisis determinan berdasarkan kurva normal Z. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa interaksi tiga faktor tidak berpengaruh terhadap proporsi kayu teras, dan dimensi lingkaran tahun. Interaksi kelas umur dan bonita pengaruh nyata terhadap proporsi kayu teras dan dimensi lingkarah tahun. Posisi aksial batang berpengaruh secara nyata terhadap proporsi kayu teras dan berpengaruh sangat nyata terhadap dimensi lingkaran tahun. Semakin mendekat pada posisi pangkal batang, semakin tinggi proporsi kayu teras dan dimensi lingkaran tahun. Interaksi tiga faktor yaitu kelas umur V, bonita 4 dan posisi tengah batang menghasilkan kualitas kayu tertinggi, yaitu kelas 2, dan interaksi kelas umur V, bonita 3 dan bagian ujung batang menghasilkan kualitas terendah, yaitu kelas 4. Penggunaan kayu berbasis kualitas akan memaksimalkan nilai guna dan meningkatkan umur pakai produk, sehingga mengurangi intensitas penebangan hutan dan lebih ramah lingkungan hidup. ABSTRACT Young teak utilization is an alternative solution of limited raw materials faced by furniture industry. Young wood tends to have a low-quality wood. One element for measuring wood quality is wood macroscopic structure properties. This study was aimed to determine the effect of tree age, site quality index and axial stem position on wood structures and wood quality. Thirty-six young teak trees were harvested on forest areas of Kendal Forest District, Central Java Province. Three disks were taken from each trunk, namely from the butt, middle and upper parts. Heartwood proportion and annual ring dimensions were measured based on natural color difference by using millimeter grid apparatus. Data were analyzed by using variance analysis arranged in blocked factorial and further testing were performed by using HSD Duncan. Wood quality was analyzed using determinant method which elaborated based on Z norm curve. Results showed that interaction of three factors did not affect on heart-wood proportion and growth ring dimensions. Interaction of age classes and site quality index influence significantly on heart-wood proportion and growth ring dimensions. Stem axial position significantly affects on heart-wood proportion and very significantly effect on growth ring dimensions. The lower wood position, the higher heart-wood proportion and the wider growth ring dimensions. Interaction of three factors namely class age V, site quality index 4 and middle trunk position has a highest wood quality, namely class 2, but interaction of age class V, site quality index 3 and top trunk has the lowest one, namely class 4. The use of wood-based quality will maximize the value and increase the product lifespan, thereby reducing the intensity of logging and become more environmental friendly.

Papua has been experiencing heavy logging activity in its forests for decades . However, only several studies focused on the effect of logging in the forest ecosystem. This research was aimed to analyze recovery processes of the forest ecosystem. The research was conducted in the logged tropical rainforest in South Papua using ecological approach which used tree communities as biotic and soil condition as abiotic indicators. Data were collected in the logging area of PT Tunas Timber Lestari located in the tropical rainforest of South Papua. There were five groups of forests used in this research i.e. unlogged, one year post selectively-logged, five years post selectively-logged, ten years post selectively-logged and fifteen years post selectively-logged forests. Thirty nested plots were laid on each forest group. Canonical Correspondence Analysis (CCA) was applied to analyze the understory and upperstory plant communities. Understory and upperstory plant communities formed different patterns due to logging. Plant communities in the ten and fifteen years post-selectively logged forests were not similar to those in the unlogged forest. Soil organic matter (SOM) content in the selectively logged forests was lower than that in the unlogged forest. These occurrences indicated that the selectively logged forests were still recovering and required more than fifteen years to be fully recovered.

ABSTRAK Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui hubungan kelas umur tanaman jati dengan frekuensi dan tingkat kerusakan pohon jati akibat serangan benalu, serta pola sebaran tumbuhan benalu secara horizontal. Metode pengambilan sampel dalam penelitian ini ialah Multistage Sampling dengan penempatan plot contoh pada setiap kelompok kelas umur tanaman jati (KU I s.d. KU VII). Pada setiap kelompok kelas umur diwakili satu petak/anak petak, dan setiap petak/anak dibuat contoh pohon individu sebanyak 10% untuk KU V ke atas (kelas umur tua), 5% untuk KU III dan KU IV (kelas umur sedang), dan 1% untuk KU I dan KU II (kelas umur muda) terhadap total populasi pohon penyusun petak/anak petak tersebut. Hubungan kelas umur dengan frekuensi dan tingkat kerusakan pohon akibat serangan benalu dianalisis dengan rumus uji korelasi, sedangkan sebaran serangan benalu dengan rumus distribusi Poisson dan uji statitik binomial terbalik. Hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa ada dua jenis tumbuhan benalu yang dijumpai yaitu Dendrophthoe pentandra dan Scurula parasitiaca, anggota famili Loranthaceae, sub-famili Viscoidae. Frekuensi pohon jati yang terserang tumbuhan benalu berkisar antara 12,88% untuk KU II diikuti 15,55% untuk KU I, 15,72% untuk KU V, 18,06% untuk KU IV dan KU VI, serta 19,73% untuk KU III. Hubungan tingkat serangan benalu dengan kelas umur hutan jati terbukti bahwa kelas umur memiliki hubungan secara signifikan terhadap tingkat kesehatan bagian cabang antara batang dan benalu (proksimal). Di bagian lain, terbukti bahwa kelas umur tidak memiliki hubungan secara signifikan terhadap tingkat kerusakan pada bagian cabang setelah benalu (distal). Walaupun demikian, kerusakan pohon jati yang mengalami serangan tumbuhan benalu lebih banyak terjadi pada pohon-pohon di kelas umur muda. Hal ini ditunjukkan oleh perbandingan bagian cabang proksimal dan distal pada setiap kelas umur, yaitu: -23,81 cm untuk KU I, -1,56 cm untuk KU II, 14,66 cm untuk KU III, 24,13 cm untuk KU IV, 22,40 cm untuk KU V, dan 54,59 cm untuk KU VI. Dengan hilangnya masa pertumbuhan yang dihadapi oleh pohon-pohon jati di kelas umur muda menjadi sangat rawan dengan adanya tumbuhan benalu tersebut. Pola sebaran benalu adalah mengelompok untuk tanaman jati kelas umur muda, kelas umur sedang dan kelas umur tua. ABSTRACT The objectives of the study were to determine the relationship of teak plantation age class with the frequency and severity of teak trees due to an attack of parasitic plant (mistletoe), and parasitic plant distribution patterns horizontally. The sampling method in this study was the Multistage Sampling, i.e. at each age group classe (KU) represented one compartment and each compartment made an individual sampling tree as much as 10 % for KU V and up (old age classes), 5 % for KU III – IV (middle age classes) and 1 % for KU I - II (young age classes) to the total trees populations. Age class relationship with the frequency and degree of tree damage due to an attack of parasitic plant were analyzed by correlation test formula and for the parasitic plant distribution were analysed by the Poisson distribution formula and the Binomial Test Statistically Reversed. The conclusions of this study that were found two species of parasitic plants of Dendrophthoe pentandra and Scurula parasitiaca of the Loranthaceae family members, sub-family Viscoidae. The frequency of teak trees that were attacted by parasitic plants ranged from 12.88 % for KU II and followed by 15.55 % for KU I, 15.72 % for KU V, 18.06 % for KU IV and VI, up to 19.73 % for KU III. The correlation between an attack of parasitic plants and the teak forest age classes have proven that significant relationship to the level of the proximal health. In another part, proved that age class does not have a significant relationship to the distal extent of damage. Nevertheless , the teak tree damage suffered an attack of parasitic plants were more prevalent on trees in the younger age classes. It was shown by a comparison of proximal and distal branches in each age class, namely: -23.81 cm for KU I, -1.56 cm for KU II, 14.66 cm for KU III, 24.13 cm for KU IV, 22.40 cm for KU V and 54.94 cm for KU VI. With the loss of future growth faced by teak trees in the young age classes become very vulnerable in the presence of the parasitic plants. The distribution pattern of parasitic plants were clumped in all age classes of teak plantations .

ABSTRAK Pemanfaatan sumber daya alam taman nasional yang terbatas untuk wisata alam dan jasa lingkungan memerlukan perencanaan yang cermat sehingga tujuan konservasi dan tujuan sosial ekonomi dapat tercapai. Oleh karena itu tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk membangun model pemanfaatan sumber daya alam TNGC yang dapat memenuhi tujuan ekologi dan tujuan sosial-ekonomi. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah Analisis Sistem Dinamik dengan perangkat lunak STELLA 9.02. Berdasarkan kajian sebelumnya pengusahaan wisata alam merupakan program pemanfaatan pilihan masyarakat dengan prioritas tertinggi. Hasil simulasi sesuai kondisi saat ini menunjukkan bahwa apabila tidak ada perubahan pada variabel kunci pada sepuluh tahun yang akan datang maka terjadi peningkatan dalam hal jumlah wisatawan, pendapatan masyarakat dan pendapatan pemerintah, dengan luas tutupan hutan hanya sampai sebesar 46,63 % dari luas TNGC. Pada simulasi dengan skenario pengembangan terjadi peningkatan secara signifikan dalam hal jumlah wisatawan, pendapatan masyarakat dan pendapatan pemerintah, dengan tutupan hutan mencapai 68,64 % dari luas TNGC. Model pengusahaan wisata alam ini sangat dipengaruhi oleh peran stakeholders dalam pengelolaan promosi wisata alam, kegiatan restorasi, pengamanan TNGC untuk menekan gangguan hutan, peningkatan kualitas objek-objek wisata alam, dan sarana jalan akses menuju objek wisata alam, peningkatan kapasitas dan kompetensi sumber daya manusia taman nasional, serta peningkatan partisipasi masyarakat dalam kegiatan pengusahaan wisata alam. ABSTRACT The utilization of national park’s natural resources which is limited on nature tourism and environmental services needs proper management plan that can meet the ecological goal and socio-economical goal. Therefore this research aimed to build the model of Gunung Ciremai National Park (TNGC) natural resources utility development which could reach the ecological’s goal and socio-economical’s goal. Method used in this research was Dynamic Sistem Analysis with STELLA 9.02 software. Based on the previous study, nature tourism management was the prioritized activity chosen by the community. Result of the simulation based on the recent condition showed that if there was not change in key variables for the next ten years, there was increase in tourist number, community income and government income, but decrease in forest cover which only reached 46.63 % of the TNGC area. Simulation with development scenario showed the significant increase in tourist number, community income and government income and the forest cover reached 68.64 % of TNGC area. The nature tourism management model was very influenced by stakeholders’ role, especially in managing promotion, restoration, forest protection, tourism site quality improvement and accesibilities, improving TNGC’s human resources capacity and competency, and increasing community participation in the management.

ABSTRAK Penelitian bertujuan mempelajari struktur komunitas tumbuhan pada berbagai tingkat pertumbuhan sebagai respon terhadap aktivitas masyarakat, dan kualitas fisik kimia tanah yang terbentuk di kawasan lahan kritis Imogiri. Metode penelitian menggunakan kuadrat plot, dengan ukuran plot 1x1, 5x5, 10x10, ulangan 6 – 10 diletakkan secara stratified random sampling. Pengumpulan data dengan mengamati kehadiran cacah spesies, dihitung kerapatan, dominansi, frekuensi spesies, dan Nilai Penting. Analisis ordinasi dua dimensi digunakan untuk mengelompokkan komunitas pada berbagai tingkat pertumbuhan, dengan analisis t-test untuk uji signifikansi unsur fisik kimia tanah. Hasil penelitian ditemukan 303 spesies, terdiri dari 34 tingkat pohon, 62 sapling dan 207 tumbuhan bawah dengan distribusi yang bervariasi. Kemelimpahan menunjukkan bahwa pada tingkat pohon terjadi pengelompokan, sedangkan pada tingkat sapling dan tumbuhan bawah mengumpul menjadi satu. Dalbergia sisso tingkat pohon dan sapling serta tumbuhan bawah Euphatorium inulifolium merupakan spesies paling dominan dan merespon kondisi lahan kritis sehingga dapat dijumpai pada semua lokasi kajian. Kemelimpahan tingkat pohon sangat dipengaruhi oleh aktivitas masyarakat, dan mineral organik yang terbentuk sehingga didominasi vegetasi dengan nilai ekonomi tinggi. Sedangkan kehadiran spesies tingkat sapling dan tumbuhan bawah merespon kandungan hara yang terbentuk. ABSTRACT The purpose of this research was to study the community structure of plant at different growth-forms in response to the activities of the local community (people) and the physico-chemical characteristics of soil in the critical land of Imogiri. The research methods employed random quadrat with plot size of 1 x 1, 5 x 5, 10 x 10 m. The placement of the plot followed stratified random sampling. At each plot, species richness, density, dominance, frequency of species, importance values were calculated. The grouping of growth-forms was analyzed using Ordination Analysis and t-test was used to find out the significance of physico-chemical characteristics of the soil. The finding suggested that 303 species could be found in Imogiri, consisting of 34 trees, 62 saplings, and 207 seedlings. Based on the calcultation of the species abundance, it could be concluded that there was an unequal pattern of vegetation communities at the level of trees, saplings, and seedlings/ shrubs. At the level of tree, grouping could be found. Meanwhile at the level of tree, sapling and seedlings tend to show one group (clumped). The tree and sapling of Dalbergia sisso and the shrub of Euphatorium inulifolium showed high dominance and responded the critical land very well hence they could be found in almost in all locations. The abundance of tree species was highly influenced by people’s activities and organic minerals that occur in the area. Hence, most of trees had high economical value. Meanwhile, the presence of species at the level of sapling and seedling responded the occuring soil-nutrients.

ABSTRAK Konservasi keanekaragaman hayati tanaman di lahan rakyat memiliki peluang strategis mendorong masyarakat melakukan konservasinya, karena akumulasi lahan rakyat lebih luas dibandingkan dengan kawasan konservasi alam yang tersedia. Oleh karena itu, diperlukan pemahaman mengenai sudut pandang masyarakat dan penerapannya dalam konservasi keanekaragaman hayati tanaman, yang tercermin pada berbagai bentuk dan sistem pengelolaannya oleh masyarakat. Penelitian bertujuan mengetahui sudut pandang masyarakat terhadap keanekaragaman hayati tanaman, dan penerapannya melalui pengelolaan sistem Kaliwu di Pulau Sumba. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan, bahwa pemahaman masyarakat terhadap keanekaragaman hayati tanaman sangat komprehensif, karena nilai dan manfaatnya menyentuh aspek-aspek kehidupan masyarakat yaitu aspek ekonomi-pendapatan, aspek ekologi-konservasi, aspek sosial-budaya dan aspek spiritual. Manifestasi dari sudut pandang masyarakat diterapkan melalui pengelolaan keanekaragaman hayati tanaman pada sistem Kaliwu yang mencapai 145 spesies, termasuk spesies terancam punah dan langka yang berasal dari 52 Famili. Nilai dan prinsip dasar dari konservasi keanekaragaman hayati tanaman oleh masyarakat pada sistem Kaliwu bersimpul pada keselarasan dan keberlanjutan antara kegiatan pemanfaatan dan konservasinya. ABSTRACT Plant biodiversity conservation on communities land has a strategic opportunity in encouraging community to carry out plant conservation due to the higher accumulation of people’s land compared to the conservation area available. Therefore, understanding is required on the community perspective and its implementation in the plant biodiversity conservation shown in the various managerial forms and systems that the community performs. This research aimed to identify the community perspective on plant biodiversity and its implementation through the management of Kaliwu system at Sumba Island. The results shows that community understanding on plant biodiversity is highly comprehensive since its values and benefits have reached the community life aspects including economic-income, ecological-conservation, socio-cultural and spiritual aspects. Based on the community perspective, manifestation is implemented through the plant biodiversity management in the Kaliwu system of 145 species, including endangered and rare species from 52 families. The basic values and principles of plant biodiversity conservation that the community has conducted on the Kaliwu system are based on the harmony and sustainability between utilization and conservation.

ABSTRAK Penelitian ini dilakukan di Sub DAS Ngrancah yang merupakan daerah tangkapan air Waduk Sermo. Luas wilayah penelitian ini sekitar 2.200 ha. Mayoritas lahan di Sub DAS Ngrancah tergolong kritis yang ditunjukkan oleh tingginya tingkat erosi. Dengan demikian, wilayah ini sangat mendesak untuk dapat dikelola dengan benar agar degradasi lahan dapat dihambat. Untuk memprediksi erosi, diterapkan Model USLE, dengan rumus: A = RKLSCP. Wilayah studi dapat dipilahkan menjadi 77 unit lahan. Sampel tanah diambil dari seluruh unit lahan, demikian pula pengamatan lereng, vegetasi, dan penerapan konservasi tanah. Untuk menganalisis data digunakan analisis kluster. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tingkat erosi bervariasi dari yang paling rendah sebesar 2,54 ton/ha/th sampai dengan yang tertinggi sebesar 489,30 ton/ha/th. Sekitar 68% wilayah studi termasuk dalam kelas erosi sedang dan sekitar 15% wilayah studi termasuk dalam kelas erosi tinggi. Pengklasteran unit lahan secara statistik menunjukkan bahwa pada jarak klaster terpendek terbentuk 8 klaster tingkat erosi. Uji diskriminan menunjukkan bahwa faktor K (erodibilitas) dan P (praktek konservasi tanah dan air) merupakan faktor yang paling dominan untuk terbentuknya klaster-klaster tersebut. Hasil penelitian ini diharapkan bermanfaat dalam merancang teknik konservasi tanah dan air untuk menangani erosi di Sub DAS Ngrancah. ABSTRACT The research was carried out at Ngrancah Sub Watershed which is located at the upper area of Sermo Dam and covers an area of almost 2.200 hectares. The area is mostly critical showed by the high rates of erosion, so, it is urgently required to manage properly in order to combat land degradation. In this research, to study the erosion rates of the area, the USLE method was used, i.e. A = RxKxLSxCxP. The area was devided into 77 land units and the soil samples were taken from each land units as well as the observation of slopes, vegetation and soil conservation practices. Cluster analysis were applied to analyze the data.The research resulted that the erosion rates varies from the lowest rate of 2.54 ton/ha/yr to the highest rate of 489.30 ton/ha/yr and clasified as the moderate rate for the 68% of the area and high rate for the 15% of the area. The cluster analysis showed that at the lowest cluster distance, the erosion rates of the subwatershed can be devided into 8 clusters. Furthermore, discriminant analysis was applied and resulted that the K and P factors are the most factors causing the difference beween clusters. This information can be considered in designing soil and water conservation techniques required for the study area.

ABSTRAK Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk klasterisasi unit ekologis ekosistem Taman Nasional Gunung Merbabu (TNGMb) berdasarkan aspek biologis dan sosial ekonomi masyarakat, mengetahui pola pemanfaatan masyarakat terhadap sumberdaya alam TNGMb. Sampel untuk sosial ekonomi sebanyak 310 KK, sedangkan sampel aspek biologis sebanyak 226 titik sampel. Analisis data menggunakan metode Minimum Variance Clustering (Ward Linkage) berdasarkan Euclidean Distance dan analisis diskriminan. Hasil klasterisasi unit ekologis TNGMb sebanyak 8 klaster yaitu klaster I (2 responden, dominasi jenis C. sempervirens), klaster J (39 responden, dominasi jenis P. merkusii, A. lophanta), klaster F (210 responden, dominasi jenis P. merkusii, C. sempervirens, C. junghuniana), klaster O (96 responden, dominasi jenis P. merkusii, C. sempervirens, C. junghuniana), klaster Q (54 responden, dominasi jenis P.merkusii, A. lophanta, A. decurens), klaster P (158 responden, dominasi jenis P.merkusii, C. sempervirens, A.decurens, klaster H (34 responden, dominasi jenis P. merkusii), dan klaster R (46 responden, dominasi jenis P. merkusii). Pola pergerakan masyarakat mencakup seluruh klaster dan meliputi zona inti, zona rimba, dan zona pemanfaatan. Pergerakan masyarakat yang mencapai zona inti merupakan faktor yang terpenting untuk dipertimbangkan dalam pengelolaan TNGMb. ABSTRACT The aim of reseach was clusterization of TNGMb ecosystem based on bioligical and sosio-economical aspect, studying the pattern utilization of community in order to utilize nature resources in the Gunung Merbabu National Park. Sosial-economical data was collacted through an interview on 310 KK , while biological data was done on 226 sampel set using systematic sampling. Analysis data using Minimum Variance Clustering (Ward linkage) method with Euclidean Distance Measurement (EDM) and discriminant analysis. The clusterization ecological unit Gunung Merbabu National Park resulted eight clusters, i.e. cluster I (2 respondents, dominat species is C. sempervirens, ), cluster J (39 responden, dominant species are P.merkusii, A.lophanta, cluster F (210 responden, dominant species are P. merkusii, C.sempervirens, C. Junghuniana), cluster O (96 responden, dominant species are P. merkusii, C. Sempervirens, C. Junghuniana), cluster Q (54 responden, dominant species are P.merkusii, A. lophanta, A. decurens), cluster P (158 responden, dominant species are P.merkusii, C. Sempervirens, A.decurens, cluster H (34 responden, dominant species is P. merkusii), dan cluster R (46 responden, dominant species is P. merkusii). The pattern of community using nature resources reach in the each cluster and include core zone, wilderness zone and utilize zone. The pattern of community covered all cluster and included core zone, wilderness zone, and utilize zone. The pattern of community, especially thet reached in the core zone was the most important factor to be considered