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Objectives: We aim to find the rate of incidentally detected lung lesions in non-contrast abdominal computed tomography (CTs) performed to evaluate the urinary system (urinary CT), to determine their reporting rate, and to draw attention to the importance of evaluating in an appropriate window the visualized parts of the lung. Materials and Methods: In total, 152 patients [50.99±18.23; 6-89 years (age ± standard deviation; age range)] were included in the study. Lung segments in the cross-section area were evaluated in patients admitted to the hospital with urinary problems without known lung disease. The findings were classified according to gender, age group, and location of pathology. Results: Three hundred thirty-four reportable lung pathologies and changes were detected. Of these pathologies, 48 (14.4%) were lesions that could be observed in the urinary CT window while 286 (85.6%) were the lesions that could only be detected by evaluation in the lung CT window. The reporting rate of lesions detected in the lung window was statistically significantly lower than the lesions detected in the urinary CT window [Lesions that could be detected in the main evaluation window were reported at a rate of 83.3%, while the reporting rate of lesions evaluated in the lung window was 20.62% (p=0.007)]. The frequency of encountered lesions increased over 50 years of age. In 67.76% of the patients, there was a pathology that required treatment, follow-up or further radiological evaluation. Conclusion: The rate of lung lesions seen in urinary CTs is quite high, and the reporting rate is low. Urinary CTs should be evaluated in lung window.

Aim: The aim of our study is to evaluate the iliotibial band thickness (ITBT) and volume (ITBV) according to age and gender with 3 T MRI in a healthy Turkish population. Material and Method: In the current study, 150 patients who had knee MRI were retrospectively evaluated. They were divided into the following groups to examine the effects of age: group 1: 18–30 years old; group 2: 31–40 years old; group 3: 41–50 years old; and group 4: 51–60 years old. ITBV measurements were performed on axial T2-weighted knee MR images. Results: The mean age was 42.2±29.6 (range 18-60) years. The mean ITBT was 1.76±0.22 mm and the mean ITBV was 20,24±1,44 mm3 in all patients. There was statistically significant difference in mean iliotibial band thickness and volume between genders (p=0.001; p=0.001). There were no statistically significant differences in mean iliotibial band thickness and volume values between the groups in the one-way ANOVA test (p >0.05). Conclusion: Radiological studies on iliotibial band thickness and band area in healthy individuals are new in the literature. This study is the first radiological study in which the volume of the iliotibial band was measured in healthy individuals and was performed on a 3 tesla MR device. Also, it is the first study that is used artificial intelligence for iliotibial band evaluation and the technic is effective and more rapid according to our experience. ITBV and ITBT are statistically significantly higher in males than females. Most thick ITB was detected between the ages of 31-40. The values of our study, especially ITBT, differ from previous studies and the values are altered in a wide range. Therefore, standardization in the calculation is necessary. This topic is open to future research.

Giriş: D vitamini sitokin salınımı, inflamasyon, doğal ve edinsel bağışıklığın modülasyonunda görev yapmaktadır. Pandeminin başların- da SARS-CoV-2’ye bağlı gelişen akut respiratuvar distres sendromu veya diğer organ hasarına neden olan hiperinflamatuvar yanıtın D vitamininin yeterliliği ile modüle edilebileceği sıkça tartışılmıştır. D vitamininin; mortalite, yoğun bakım yatış gün sayısı, hastalık ciddiye-ti, organ hasarı gibi birçok durum ile de ilişkisi araştırılmıştır fakat hastalığın seyri sırasında ortaya çıkan sekonder infeksiyonlar üzerine etkisi konusunda bilgiler sınırlıdır. Bu çalışmada D vitamininin COVID-19 hastalığı seyri sırasında ortaya çıkan sekonder infeksiyonlar ile ilişkisini ortaya koymak amaçlanmıştır. Materyal ve Metod: COVID-19 pandemi servisine COVID-19 tanısı ile yatarak tedavi gören hastaların tıbbi kayıtları retrospektif olarak değerlendirildi. Bulgular: Çalışmaya 181 hasta dahil edildi. 25(OH)D vitamini ortalaması 18.76 ± 9.82 ng/mL olarak bulundu. 25-hidroksi D vita-minin cinsiyet, hastalık şiddeti, mortalite, mekanik ventilasyon ihtiyacı ve semptomların varlığı ile karşılaştırıldığında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir fark saptanmadı (p> 0.05). Hastaların hastane yatışları boyunca olan tıbbi verileri incelendi ve %14.9’unda (n= 27) sekonder infeksiyon saptandı. 25-hidroksi D vitamini ile sekonder infeksiyon varlığı karşılaştırıldığında ise sekonder infeksiyon gelişenlerin 25(OH)D vitamini düzeyi düşük bulundu ve bunun istatistiksel olarak anlamlı olduğu tespit edildi (p= 0.016). ROC analizi ile yapılan değerlendirme sonucunda 25-hidroksi D vitamininin COVID-19 hastalarında pozitif kültür sonucunu öngörmede tanısal değeri olduğu görüldü (AUC= 0.771, %95 Güven aralığı= 0.612-0.810, p= 0.003, p< 0.05). Sonuç: D vitamini immün sistem üzerindeki etkileri nedeniyle COVID-19 hastalığında önemli bir tartışma konusu olmaya devam ederken, düşük D vitaminin COVID-19 seyrinde gelişen sekonder infeksiyon riskini arttırdığı ve bu durumun prognoza etkisinin olabileceği unutulmamalıdır. Introduction: Vitamin D plays a role in the modulation of cytokine release, inflammation, innate and adaptive immunity. It has been frequently discussed that the hyperinflammatory response that causes acute respiratory distress syndrome or other organ damage due to SARS-CoV-2 at the beginning of the pandemic can be modulated by the adequacy of vitamin D. The relationship of vitamin D with many conditions such as mortality, number of intensive care unit stays, disease severity, and organ damage has been investigated, but the information on its effect on secondary infections that occur during the course of the disease is limited. In this study, it was aimed to reveal the relationship of vitamin D with secondary infections that occur during the course of COVID-19 disease. Materials and Methods: Medical records of patients hospitalized in the COVID-19 pandemic service with the diagnosis of COVID-19 were evaluated retrospectively. Results: One hundred eighty-one patients were included in the study. The mean of 25(OH) vitamin D was found to be 18.76 +/- 9.82 ng/mL. When 25-hydroxy vitamin D was compared with gender, disease severity, mortality, need for mechanical ventilation and presence of symptoms, no statistically significant difference was found (p> 0.05). The medical data of the patients during their hospitalization were analyzed and secondary infection was detected in 14.9% (n= 27). When 25-hydroxy vitamin D and the presence of secondary infection were compared, the 25(OH)D vitamin level of those with secondary infection was found to be low and this was found to be statistically significant (p= 0.016). As a result of the evaluation made by ROC analysis, 25-hydroxy vitamin D was found to have a diagnostic value in predicting positive culture results in COVID-19 patients (AUC= 0.771, 95% Confidence Interval= 0.612-0.810, p= 0.003, p< 0.05). Conclusion: While vitamin D continues to be an important topic of discussion in COVID-19 disease due to its effects on the immune system, it should not be forgotten that low vitamin D increases the risk of secondary infection developing in the course of COVID-19 and this may have an impact on prognosis.

1999 Marmara depremi sonrası Sakarya ili içme suyu şebekelerinin bir kısmında ciddi hasarlar oluşmuş, kanalizasyon şebekelerinin ise neredeyse tamamı hizmet veremez duruma gelmiştir. Bu çalışmada, Sakarya ili altyapı sistemlerinden içme suyu temin ve dağıtım şebekelerinin büyük bir bölümünü oluşturan gömülü boruların sismik tehlikeler karşısındaki hasar görebilirlikleri, Hazards US (HAZUS) metodu ile analiz edilmiştir. Gömülü boruların olası depremlere karşı hasar görebilirliklerinin analizinde kullanılan en büyük yer hızı, klasik olasılıksal deprem tehlike analizi yardımıyla belirlenmiştir. Hasar görebilirlik analizlerinde kullanılan zemin sınıfları, il genelinde 2044 adet noktadan alınan sismik veriler yardımıyla hesaplanmıştır. Sakarya ili içme suyu boru envanteri oluşturulup tüm borulara coğrafi bilgi sistemleri yardımıyla hasar görebilirlik parametreleri tanımlanmıştır. Analizler sonucunda tüm borular için hasar görebilirliği ifade eden hasar onarım oranları elde edilmiş ve borular hasar onarım oranlarına göre sınıflandırılmıştır. After the 1999 Marmara earthquake, serious damages occurred in some of the drinking water networks of Sakarya province, and almost all of the sewerage networks became inoperable. In this study, the vulnerability of buried pipes, which constitute a large part of the potable water supply and distribution networks of the infrastructure systems of Sakarya province, against seismic hazards were analyzed by the Hazard US (HAZUS) method. The maximum ground velocity used in the analysis of the vulnerability of buried pipes against possible earthquakes was determined with the help of classical probabilistic earthquake hazard analysis. Soil classes used in vulnerability analysis were calculated with the help of seismic data taken from 2044 points throughout the province. Sakarya province potable water pipe inventory was created and vulnerability parameters were defined for all pipes with the help of geographic information systems. The HAZUS method, which is frequently used in the literature, was used for pipe vulnerability analysis. As a result of the analysis, damage repair rates expressing the vulnerability of all pipes were obtained and the pipes were classified according to their damage repair rates.

Objective: To evaluate the function of the mammalian target of the rapamycin (mTOR) pathway in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients with emphysema. Study Design: Observational study. Place and Duration of Study: Department of Pulmonology, Mugla Training and Research Hospital, Turkey, from January to March 2022. Methodology: Thirty COPD patients and thirty healthy volunteers were included. Demographic data, pack-year of cigarette, spirometric values, and emphysema percentage (calculated with CT scan) were recorded. mTOR, raptor, and deptor were measured with ELISA method. Statistical significance was accepted as p0.05. Results: The mean value of mTOR in the COPD group was 3.48 2.01 ng/ml and it was significantly higher than the control (1.51 0.44 ng/ml). The mTOR was positively correlated with MMRC, annual exacerbation rate, emphysema percentage, and pack/year of cigarette and negatively correlated with SpO2 and FEV1. The significant relationship was found with only emphysema (B=0.067, SE=0.020, 95% CI=0.027-0.107, p=0.002). The cut-off value of mTOR for COPD was found as 1.815 ng/ml (sensivity=77%). Conclusion: Overexpression of mTOR and its signalling proteins have a significant role in emphysema development. Reduction of mTOR expression/activity might be helpful to control dyspnea severity, number of exacerbations, loss of FEV1, and progression of emphysema.

The recent economic developments and outcomes have shown that the COVID-19 pandemic has been highly, but also negatively, correlated with financial markets and thus the financial system. This situation led to an increase in uncertainty and fragility in the economy. In this sense, this study aims to assess the speculative price behavior that occurred during the COVID-19 outbreak in the stock markets of 13 major countries. Daily data for the period between November 1, 2019 and October 23, 2020 are used to assess speculative price behavior. The empirical estimation strategy is based on the Supremum Augmented Dickey-Fuller (SADF) test and the Generalized Supremum Augmented Dickey-Fuller (GSADF) test. According to the estimation results, the SADF and GSADF test statistics show that the estimates are significant for the 13 specified stock market indexes. This empirical result shows that the COVID-19 pandemic has contagion effects on various types of financial markets, leading to bubble formation during the given sample period., Son yaşanan ekonomik gelişmeler ve sonuçlar COVID-19 pandemisinin finansal piyasalar ve dolayısıyla finansal sistem ile yüksek oranda ancak aynı zamanda olumsuz yönde ilişkili olduğunu göstermiştir. Bu durum ise ekonomide belirsizlik ve kırılganlığın artmasına neden olmuştur. Bu anlamda bu çalışma, 13 büyük ülkede COVID-19 salgınında ortaya çıkan spekülatif davranışların finansal piyasalar üzerindeki etkisinin olup olmadığını belirlemeyi amaçlamaktadır. Finansal piyasalarda spekülatif davranışların etkilerini değerlendirmek için 1 Kasım 2019 ile 23 Ekim 2020 arasındaki döneme ait günlük veriler kullanılmıştır. Ampirik tahmin stratejisi, the Supremum Augmented Dickey-Fuller (SADF) testine ve Generalized Supremum Augmented Dickey-Fuller (GSADF) testine dayalı olarak oluşturulmuştur. Tahmin sonuçlarına göre SADF ve GSADF test istatistikleri, verilen 13 borsa endeksi için tahminlerin istatistiki anlamlı olduğunu göstermektedir. Elde edilen bu ampirik sonuç, COVID -19 salgınının, verilen örnekleme döneminde balon oluşumuna yol açan farklı finansal piyasa türleri üzerinde bulaşıcı etkileri olduğu ortaya koymaktadır.

Purpose: The purpose of the current study was to assess the tendency and frequency of orthorexia nervosa (ON) among primary health care workers. At the same time, it was our special purpose to evaluate its relation with eating attitude disorders and obsessive-compulsive symptoms. Materials and methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted with the participation of primary health care workers in Istanbul, Turkey, in September-October 2016. The total number of 202 primary health care workers were composed of physicians and nurses. We reached 72.2% (n=156) of the research population. Participants completed a questionnaire inquiring about sociodemographic characteristics, and also three scales, namely ORTO11, Eating Attitude Test-40 (EAT-40), and Maudsly Obsessive-Compulsive Inventory (MOCI). Results: The mean ORTO-11 score of the participants was 26.8±4.8. The ORTO-11 score was higher in the physicians (27.8±4.62) than in the nurses (25.8±5.01) (p=0.018). Therefore, physicians tend to have less tendency for ON. There was a low but statistically significant correlation between the scores of ORTO-11 and EAT-40 (rho=- 0.299 and p

Objective. The aim of this study is to evaluate the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings of central neural system (CNS) superficial siderosis cases and the diagnostic contribution of the susceptibility-weighted imaging (SWI) sequence to conventional imaging. Method. TSE T2-weighted and SWI-MRI of 26 patients diagnosed as CNS-superficial siderosis (CNS-SS) were retrospec-tively evaluated with 3-Tesla MRI. The localization and type of involvement of SS were reviewed. Results. The CNS-SS were divided into two categories as central amyloid angiopathy-SS (CAA-SS) and non-central amyloid angiopathy-SS (non-CAA-SS). In non-CAA cases, the involvement was typical (classic) in 5 cases and atypical in 9 cases. In 12 of these cases (85.7%), SS findings were observed on both turbo spine echo (TSE) T2 images and SWI imaging, while in 2 cases (14.3%) SS was detected only on SWI images. In 7 of the CAA-SS cases, involvement was focal type SS (58.33%), while 5 cases had diffuse type SS (41.67%) involvement. In the vast majority of cases (n = 10) of this type of SS, involvement was detected only in SWI images, while siderosis was not detected in TSE T2 images. In addition, occult cerebral vascular malformation accompanying SS, which can be observed only in the SWI sequence, was found in a total of 4 cases. In the cross-matching statistical analysis performed between CAA-SS and non-CAA-SS groups and subgroups, SWI was found to be significantly superior to T2 in detecting SS in the CAA-SS group (p:0,007). Conclusions. SWI imaging was superior in detecting SS and detecting cerebral occult vascular malformation in CAA-SS cases. Although the detectability of SS by SWI was high in other groups, no statistically significant difference was found. Under these circumstances, we think that it will be beneficial to add SWI imaging to the routine im

Maple Syrup Urine Disease is a very rare autosomal recessive inherited disease that results from the defect in the catalytic activity of the alpha ketoacid dehydrogenase enzyme complex. The deficiency in the catabolism of branched chain amino acids naturally results in the accumulation of these amino acids (leucine, isoleucine and valine) and toxic metabolic end products in human blood and urine. In this study, the importance in early diagnosis of cranial DWI imaging and MR spectroscopy and evaluation of treatment efficacy in a newborn who was referred to the emergency room with ketoacidotic coma was reported.

Konut piyasaları ve bu piyasalarda oluşan konut fiyatları makroekonomik ve finansal istikrara ilişkin önemli bir göstergedir. Çalışmada bu amaç doğrultusunda, Türkiye’de bölgesel konut fiyatları Kulüp Yakınsama Hipotezi çerçevesinde analiz edilmektedir. Çalışmada kullanılacak Türkiye’ye ait bölgesel panel verileri, 2010:01- 2021:04 dönemine kadar olan süreyi kapsamaktadır. Türkiye’de bölgesel konut fiyatları analizini yapabilmek için; Phillips ve Sul (2007) tarafından geliştirilen yakınsama testi kullanılmıştır. Çalışmada elde edilen bulgulara göre, Türkiye’de ele alınan tüm bölgeler içingeneş bir yakınsama kulübü olduğu sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Dolayısıyla çalışmada elde edilen sonuçlar, Türkiye’de bölgesel konut fiyatlarında yakınsamanın olduğunu göstermektedir. Bu bağlamda, çalışmada elde edilen bulguların Türkiye’de konut piyasasına yönelik politikaların geliştirilmesinde yol gösterici olması beklenmektedir., Housing markets and housing prices in these markets are important indicators of macroeconomic and financial stability. To this end, this study analyzes regional house prices in Turkey under the club convergence hypothesis. The regional panel data of Turkey to be used in the study covers the period from 2010:01 to 2021:04. To analyze the regional housing prices in Turkey, the convergence test developed by Phillips and Sul (2007) was used. According to the findings obtained in the study, it was concluded that there is a convergence club for all regions in Turkey. Therefore, the results obtained in the study show that there is a convergence of regional real estate prices in Turkey. In this context, it is expected that the findings obtained in the study will guide the development of strategies for the housing market in Turkey.