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Background: We tried to determine whether the indication of Achilles tenotomy (AT) in clubfoot patients based on clinical evaluation could be confirmed radiographically, and to find an objective radiographic cut-off value for its indication. Methods: Eighty-six clubfeet from 60 patients, (26 bilateral and 34 unilateral) were included. A standard Ponseti treatment regimen was applied. Group 1 comprised patients who underwent AT immediately after serial plaster casting (26 feet). Group 2 comprised patients who underwent AT during the follow-up period (48 feet). Group 3 comprised patients who were assumed to have a corrected foot and did not undergo AT (12 feet). Group 4 comprised the healthy sides of the unilateral cases (34 feet). Results: Both Group 1 and Group 2 showed significant improvement after tenotomy (p = 0.002). In order to differentiate between the normal and AT groups according to the pre-tenotomy angle, we obtained an optimal cut-off value of >85° according to the Youden index, a sensitivity of 96%, a specificity of 91.2%, a positive predictive value of 95.9%, a negative predictive value of 91.2%, and an accuracy rate of 94.4% (AUC: 0.983; p < 0.001). Conclusions: Feet with a lateral tibio-calcaneal angle > 85° can be considered pathologic and accepted as candidates for AT. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives The 2021 Society for Hematopathology and European Association for Haematopathology Workshop addressed the molecular and cytogenetic underpinnings of transformation and transdifferentiation in lymphoid neoplasms. Methods Session 4, "Transformations of Follicular Lymphoma," and session 5, "Transformations of Other B-Cell Lymphomas," included 45 cases. Gene alteration analysis and expression profiling were performed on cases with submitted formalin-fixed, paraffin embedded tissue. Results The findings from session 4 suggest that "diffuse large B-cell lymphoma/high-grade B-cell lymphoma with rearrangements of MYC and BCL2 " is a distinct category arising from the constraints of a preexisting BCL2 translocation. TdT expression in aggressive B-cell lymphomas is associated with MYC rearrangements, immunophenotypic immaturity, and a dismal prognosis but must be differentiated from lymphoblastic -lymphoma. Cases in session 5 illustrated unusual morphologic and immunophenotypic patterns of transformation. Additionally, the findings support the role of cytogenetic abnormalities—specifically, MYC and NOTCH1 rearrangements—as well as single gene alterations, including TP53 , in transformation. Conclusions Together, these unique cases and their accompanying molecular and cytogenetic data suggest potential mechanisms for and unusual patterns of transformation in B-cell lymphomas and indicate numerous opportunities for further study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Paclitaxel (trademark Taxol®) is the most effective chemotherapeutic agent against a wide range of cancers. Hazelnut (Corylus avellana L.) cell culture is a promising and inexpensive strategy for producing paclitaxel and related taxanes. This study evaluated the effect of elicitation and taxane precursor feeding for the enhancement of taxanes in a Turkish hazelnut (C. avellana cv. 'Kalınkara') cell suspension culture. Elicitor methyl jasmonate (100, 200 and 300 µmol L−1) and precursor phenylalanine (3μmol, 3 and 6 mmol L−1) were tested in cell suspension cultures. While methyl jasmonate increased the accumulation of taxanes, especially cephalomannine, via induction of the paclitaxel biosynthetic pathway, phenylalanine slightly induced the conversion of 10-deacetylbaccatin III and baccatin III to the end product paclitaxel (0.5349 µg g−1). The results showed that 200 µmol L−1 methyl jasmonate led to significantly greater induction of taxanes than 100 and 300 µmol L−1. The amount of cephalomannine (331.6 µg g−1) in cell suspension cultures elicited by 200 µmol L−1 methyl jasmonate was 8-fold higher than that in the control (41.61 µg g−1), while 10-deacetylbaccatin III (6.174 µg g−1) and baccatin III (3.956 µg g−1) increased almost twice as much as the control. The highest total paclitaxel yield was 5.453 µg g−1 in the same culture conditions. In conclusion, cell culture systems of C. avellana L. cv. 'Kalınkara' hazelnut, established for the first time, may become a potential candidate for industrial-level production of cephalomannine and other taxanes with further optimization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Power grids have undergone a massive transformation due to increasing number of renewable/non renewable distributed generators, storage technologies and electrical vehicles. This paper focuses on the flexible energy management of grid connected microgrid (MG) in order to analyze the effects of the flexibility options such as electric vehicle with demand response (EV-DR), battery storage system (BSS), hydrogen storage system (HSS) and dynamic line rating (DLR) in presence of renewable sources. In addition, microturbine (MT), fuel cell (FC), biomass (BIO), geothermal (GEO), and diesel engine (DIE) whose output is controllable are also considered as flexible sources. In this paper, optimum operation of grid-connected MG is modeled as a mixed-integer linear programming problem considering uncertainties of wind turbine (WT) and photovoltaic (PV) sources. A day-ahead forecasting of irradiance and wind speed are performed with Decision Tree Regression (DTR) and Long Short Term Memory (LSTM) algorithms for sensitive calculation of PV and WT output. The cost function merges operating costs including fuel, operation & maintains (O&M), depletion costs with emission cost of CO 2 , SO 2 , and NO x. Obtained numerical results show that total cost of the MG is reduced by 9.40% and emission cost is diminished by 5.59% with inclusion of all considered flexibility options. Further, load factor is improved from 0.7932 to 0.8236 with 100% flexibility condition for MG. • EV-DR, BSS,HSS and DLR are considered as flexibility options of MG. • MT, FC, BIO, GEO, DIE, PV and WT are modeled as local DGs within MG. • Uncertainty of the PV and WT are accurately forecasted using DTR and LSTM. • Detailed costs of each DGs and ESSs are tabulated for realistic calculation. • Five different cases are employed to evaluate flexible operation of MG. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Polycrystalline calcite pseudomorphs after dolomite can exhibit mosaic or drusy fabric caused by replacement of the dolomite by calcite (one-step dedolomitization) or dolomite dissolution followed by calcite cementation (two-step dedolomitization), respectively. This study discusses the differences between the two types and interprets the characteristics of the fluid causing them. Conclusions drawn here are founded on a microscopic and petrophysical examination of an outcrop of Tuwaiq Mountain Formation, central Arabian Peninsula. Petrographic examination shows that dedolomite has distinct microfabrics in each part of the section. The lower part of the section is not affected by dolomite calcitization, the middle part is dominated by replacement fabrics, and the upper part is dominated by dissolution and/or cementation fabrics. Petrophysical examination shows a wider range of porosity and permeability values for the upper part of the section, relative to the middle and lower parts. One-step dedolomitization is characterized by preservation of the external morphology of the parent dolomite, confinement to the volume previously occupied by the dolomite, development of intracrystalline porosity and permeability that allows the fluid to maintain contact with the reaction front, and no significant effect on porosity of the original rock. Two-step dedolomitization is characterized by corrosion of the external morphology of the parent dolomite, association with other forms of calcite cementation, development without intracrystalline porosity and permeability, and positive or negative effects on the porosity. While one-step dedolomitization appears to occur within a stagnant zone of fluid circulation, the two-step dedolomitization is considered to reflect an active fluid-flow system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: To determine etiological microorganisms from urine samples in patients diagnosed with UTI and to detect the antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae in a Tertiary Care Hospital. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted using urine culture samples and sensitivity reports collected retrospectively from our laboratory records over a period from Jan 2013 to Dec 2017. Results: A total of 729 urine culture isolates from 660 patients were included. Two-hundred eighty-four (41.8%) of the patients were male and 384 (58.2%) were female. The most common microorganisms were 46.4% E. coli, 18.2% K. pneumoniae and 12.1% Enterococcus spp., respectively. A total of 284 urine culture isolates produced extended spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBL), of which 186 (65.5%) were E. coli and 98 (34.5%) were K. pneumoniae. The most susceptible antimicrobials are meropenem, imipenem, amikacin, and fosfomycin, respectively. We determined that the antimicrobial drugs with the lowest susceptibility rates for both E. coli and K. pneumoniae were amoxicillin-clavulanate (24.5%), trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (30.7%) and ceftriaxone (43.2%). Additionally, their susceptibilities have gradually decreased. Ertapenem susceptibility has decreased more in K. pneumoniae isolates than E. coli. Conclusion: Antimicrobial resistance and ESBL-producing for both E. coli and K. pneumoniae have been increasing over the years. Our findings may contribute to choosing the proper antibiotic for the empirical treatment of UTI and preventing treatment failure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The drainage of sports field directly effects the quality of sports organization. This study aims to develop a new rainfall simulator (RS) with a drainage tank (DT) to investigate processes of drainage in the multi-layered soil of sports field. The laboratory setup includes two main components with RS and DT that consists of two identical tanks with 1.5 m × 1.3 m surface area and 75 cm depth. Simulating natural rainfall is considerably significant for especially laboratory-scale studies. The RSs have been used for soil crusting, soil erosion, infiltration and drainage processes of soils for decades. The presented RS was also used to simulate natural rainfall and produce various rainfall conditions in this study. Most of the simulators have been performed for constant intensity of rainfall, however, in this study different rainfall rates were produced ranging from 26 to 266.6 mmh −1 to be able to obtain desired hyetograph. Spatial uniformity of produced rainfall was sufficiently accurate to simulate the natural rainfall with uniformities ranging from 90.24 to 92.74%. Raindrop diameters, falling velocities and kinetic energies of simulated rainfall were also investigated. The flour pellet method was used to determine the raindrop diameters. Median diameter was calculated between 1.68 and 2.52 mm for different rainfall intensities between 30.4 and 125 mm h −1 . The DT was set-up to have different drainage layers and to obtain drainage outflow for corresponding rainfall hyetographs. The performance of the RS was sufficient to simulate natural rainfall. Drainage layers in the DT also showed the ability to drain rainwater through the layers effectively. In the present study, it is clearly showed that the newly developed RS and DT setup successfully produce and measure the various range of natural-like rainfall patterns, and measure resulted drainage rates. With these measurement abilities, it was also shown that this RS-DT setup was successfully used to evaluate the processes of sports field drainage and its relation to hydrological processes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Study was conducted to compare nutrient concentrations and nutrient uptakes of grafted and non-grafted pepper. The F1 hybrid, long type 'Efil' (Asgen, Turkey) was grafted on commercial rootstocks, 'Guclu' (GrainesVoltz, Türkiye). Ungrafted 'Efil'cultivar and itself grafting 'Efil/Efil' were also used as control. The experiment was conducted until the harvest. Plants were fertigated during the growth periods containing Hoagland nutrient solution. After the harvest, ten plants were cut above ground the soil randomly. Each plant was cleaned, dried, weighted and analyzed for mineral element. Results showed that plant dry weight did not vary depending on the grafting. Plant P and Ca concentrations obtained from the grafted and non-grafted peppers significantly varied each other; however, other nutrient concentrations did not vary significantly. Although, plants P, Ca and Cu uptakes showed variation between grafted and non-grafted peppers, other nutrient uptakes were not affected from the grafting. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Every day, the evaluation of classical distribution networks (DNs) to smart grids (SGs) has become a necessity, and renewable energy sources (RESs) are an important part for smart grids. One of the most significant problems for RESs is the sustainability of energy, because the raw material storage is not possible for renewable energy sources as photovoltaic (PV), wind, etc. Therefore, energy storage systems (ESSs) have an important place for RESs and SGs. The aim of this paper is ESS location selection for selected distribution networks. In this paper, a PV array is modelled and connected to DN randomly as unlicensed manufacturers, and a location planning algorithm (LPA) for location selection of ESSs is studied for higher energy quality at DNs. The location is determined for optimum ESS usage connecting the ESS to the correct bus decreases the power losses and increases the voltage levels. Besides, energy can be stored at the peak-off time, and stored energy can be used at the peak times for the lower cost with the usage of ESSs. Thus, the optimum usage of ESSs will be provided for RESs and SGs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Intense anthropogenic air, water, and soil pollution motivates researchers and this study to analyze the determinants of pollution and propose solutions to ensure environmental sustainability. By using the load capacity factor to examine the factors that determine environmental quality and by proposing the load capability curve (LCC) hypothesis, this study adds to the existing environmental literature. The load capacity factor allows for comprehensive environmental quality monitoring of environmental quality by comparing ecological footprint and biocapacity. This study evaluates the load capacity factor in relation to information and communication technology (ICT), research and development (R&D), renewable energy consumption, and income. In doing so, the study applies the cross-sectionally augmented autoregressive distributed lag estimator and the Durbin-Haussman cointegration test from 1986 to 2017 for the G7 countries. The empirical results show that renewable energy, R&D spending, and ICT positively affect environmental quality. Moreover, since there is a U-shaped relationship between environmental quality and income, this study confirms the LCC hypothesis, implying that income initially deteriorates ecological conditions but helps improve environmental quality after crossing a certain threshold. The bottom turning point is around US$ 46660–47909, where G7 countries such as Canada, Germany, Japan, and the United States have reached income levels that improve load capacity factor. Based on the overall results, G7 governments should promote economic development, disseminate renewable energy, direct R&D spending to areas of greatest benefit, and support the deployment of green ICT infrastructure as part of their environmental policies. [Display omitted] • CS-ARDL and AMG methods are used to estimate long run elasticities. • The LCC hypothesis is valid for G7 countries. • R&D spending, ICT, income and renewable energy improve environmental quality. • Canada, Germany, Japan and the United States have reached the bottom turning point. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hydronic radiant systems, which provide a thermal comfort environment, come to the fore in different building applications due to their energy saving potential and being integrated with renewable energy systems. The aim of this study is to present a full-scale experiment to compare the thermal comfort performances of radiant ceiling, wall and wall + ceiling systems coupled ground source heat pump and direct expansion fan coil system implemented in Yildiz Technical University Science and Technology Application and Research Center, Istanbul, Turkey. Air velocity, horizontal and vertical air temperature differences, mean radiant temperature and humidity values, which are four physical parameters that can affect the thermal satisfaction of office workers for 9 different experimental conditions, are measured for fan coil and all radiant systems. The results indicate that vertical temperature differences between ankle and head level vary from 0.9 °C to 1.4 °C for both fan coil system and all radiant system configurations in different location of the test room. Acceptable overall comfort in indoor environments Class A only showed stable performance with an average of 0.12 PMV and 5.3 % PPD when ceiling + wall radiant panels were actively cooled. The result shows that the difference between room air temperature and room operating temperature varies between 0.45 °C and 0.6 °C when cooling loads are met by radiant systems. This may not make it possible to use indoor air temperature instead of indoor operating temperature in the control of radiant systems. Moreover, the thermal environment of the radiant system are more uniform than fan coil system due to low air temperature stratification, air velocity and small differences between mean radiant temperature and indoor air temperature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An ethnobotanical study was carried out in Pertek (Tunceli, Turkey) between April 2009-June 2012. For this purpose, the center of Pertek and all of the 45 villages were visited. During the field works, 627 plant specimens were collected and various ethnobotanical information regarding these plants was classified. In this paper which is a part of ethnobotanical study, wild edible plants of Pertek are presented. This investigation revealed that 109 taxa belonging to 30 families are being used by local people for nutrition. The plants were mostly used as food (73 taxa), beverage (30 taxa) and spice (12 taxa). This study is the first comprehensive survey of ethnobotanical aspects of Pertek region and all taxa presented in this paper are recorded as food for the first time in Pertek. All of the 73 plants utilized as food in Tunceli and 3 taxa of them in Turkey are recorded for the first time [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

* Context.--Although CD30 testing is an established tool in the diagnostic workup of lymphomas, it is also emerging as a predictive biomarker that informs treatment. The current definition of CD30 positivity by immunohistochemistry is descriptive and based on reactivity in lymphomas that are defined by their universal strong expression of CD30, rather than any established threshold. Challenges include inconsistencies with preanalytic variables, tissue processing, pathologist readout, and with the pathologist and oncologist interpretation of reported results. Objective.--To develop and propose general best practice recommendations for reporting CD30 expression by immunohistochemistry in lymphoma biopsies to harmonize practices across institutions and facilitate assessment of its significance in clinical decision-making. Design.--Following literature review and group discussion, the panel of 14 academic hematopathologists and 2 clinical/academic hematologists/oncologists divided into 3 working groups. Each working group was tasked with assessing CD30 testing by immunohistochemistry, CD30 expression readout, or CD30 expression interpretation. Results.--Panel recommendations were reviewed and discussed. An online survey was conducted to confirm the consensus recommendations. Conclusions.--CD30 immunohistochemistry is required for all patients in whom classic Hodgkin lymphoma and any lymphoma within the spectrum of peripheral T-cell lymphoma are differential diagnostic considerations. The panel reinforced and summarized that immunohistochemistry is the preferred methodology and any degree of CD30 expression should be reported. For diagnostic purposes, the interpretation of CD30 expression should follow published guidelines. To inform therapeutic decisions, report estimated percent positive expression in tumor cells (or total cells where applicable) and record descriptively if nontumor cells are positive. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Peripheral T-cell lymphomas (PTCL) account for 10–15% of all lymphoproliferative disorders in the western hemisphere. In PTCL, bone marrow biopsy is performed to establish the diagnosis, rule out other pathology, assess the extent of disease and monitor treatment response. The frequency and histology of bone marrow involvement varies greatly between different clinicopathological entities recognized by the World Health Organisation (WHO) classification, reflecting the differences in the underlying biology. Some lymphomas, such as angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma, show nodular and/or interstitial pattern of infiltration with accompanying reactive changes. Others, including hepatosplenic T-cell lymphoma and large granular lymphocyte leukaemia, are characterized by intrasinusoidal infiltration. In many instances the pathological features are subtle and immunohistochemical and molecular studies are required for the diagnosis. Histological appearances may overlap with a variety of reactive T-cell proliferations and other malignancies. Furthermore PTCL frequently induce secondary changes in the marrow that may obscure the neoplastic infiltrate. The diagnosis often requires critical integration of the information obtained from clinical features, peripheral blood, bone marrow aspirate and biopsy findings. In this article we review the histopathology of bone marrow biopsy in PTCL within the context of the new WHO classification. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Focuses on the clinical features of angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma (AITL). Description of AITL; Risk factors and aetiology associated with the disease; Histological features of AITL; Genetic changes related with AITL; Clonality analysis of the disease.

A letter to the editor is presented which is concerned with FCGR2A and FCGR3A polymorphisms in classical Hodgkin lymphoma.

Histiocytic sarcoma arising in patient with history of clonally-related germ cell tumour and myelodysplastic syndrome A year after ASCT, imaging studies showed a right humerus lesion that revealed a histiocytic sarcoma (bottom left, ×20) with CD68 SP + sp (bottom right, ×20), CD33 SP + sp , TP53 SP + sp , lysozyme SP + sp , CD4 SP + sp , CD11c SP - sp , CD14 SP - sp , S100 SP - sp , CD1a SP - sp , BRAF SP - sp and CD163 SP - sp . Follow-up imaging revealed other lesions that were biopsied and showed NSGCT. [Extracted from the article]

Provides information about gray zone lymphoma, the term mostly used for cases of malignant lymphoma which can not be reliably classified by Hodgkin lymphoma. Implications of the differential diagnosis on management strategies; Distinction of the gene expression profile of mediastinal large B-cell lymphoma from diffuse large B-cell lymphoma occurring at extra-mediastinal sites; Consideration of anaplastic large cell lymphoma to be exclusively of T or null cell origin and does not express B-cell lineage markers.

Summary Histiocytic neoplasms are diverse clonal haematopoietic disorders, and clinical disease is mediated by tumorous infiltration as well as uncontrolled systemic inflammation. Individual subtypes include Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH), Rosai–Dorfman–Destombes disease (RDD) and Erdheim–Chester disease (ECD), and these have been characterized with respect to clinical phenotypes, driver mutations and treatment paradigms. Less is known about patients with mixed histiocytic neoplasms (MXH), that is two or more coexisting disorders. This international collaboration examined patients with biopsy‐proven MXH with respect to component disease subtypes, oncogenic driver mutations and responses to conventional (chemotherapeutic or immunosuppressive) versus targeted (BRAF or MEK inhibitor) therapies. Twenty‐seven patients were studied with ECD/LCH (19/27), ECD/RDD (6/27), RDD/LCH (1/27) and ECD/RDD/LCH (1/27). Mutations previously undescribed in MXH were identified, including KRAS, MAP2K2, MAPK3, non‐V600‐BRAF, RAF1 and a BICD2‐BRAF fusion. A repeated‐measure generalized estimating equation demonstrated that targeted treatment was statistically significantly (1) more likely to result in a complete response (CR), partial response (PR) or stable disease (SD) (odds ratio [OR]: 17.34, 95% CI: 2.19–137.00, p = 0.007), and (2) less likely to result in progression (OR: 0.08, 95% CI: 0.03–0.23, p < 0.0001). Histiocytic neoplasms represent an entity with underappreciated clinical and molecular diversity, poor responsiveness to conventional therapy and exquisite sensitivity to targeted therapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: Chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL) is a clonal B‐cell malignancy and remains a chronic disease despite improvements in clinical outcomes since the use of targeted therapies. Both clinical and biological parameters are important for determining prognosis. Unlike other mature B‐cell lymphomas, translocations involving the immunoglobulin heavy chain (IGH) locus are uncommon in CLL. There have been few case reports of CLL harbouring t(14;18)/IGH::BCL2 and t(14;19)/IGH::BCL3. Here we describe the first two cases of patients with CLL with documented t(14;18)(q32;q21)/IGH::MALT1. Both cases in this report were associated with lower‐risk biological parameters. Thus, FISH testing for MALT1 in cases with unknown IGH translocation partners in the setting of CLL should be implemented in clinical practice to better define such cases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The volatile oils of flowers (TFE), leaves (TLE) and stems (TSE) of Tripleurospermum conoclinium (Boiss. & Balansa) Hayek were obtained by hydrodistillation method for 3 hours with Clevenger‐type apparatus. Chemical composition of oils was determined by GC‐MS analyses. Antidiabetic, anti‐inflammatory and antioxidant activities of oils were tested by α‐glucosidase inhibitory, 5‐lipoxygenase inhibitory and DPPH/ABTS radical scavenging methods, respectively. Eighty‐five constituents were identified in flower oil (78.3%). The major compounds of flower oil were artemisia ketone (10.5%), β‐oplopenone (6.0%), tricosane (4.5%), terpinen‐4‐ol (3.7%) and artemisia alcohol (3.5%). Sixty‐two constituents were identified in leaf oil (67.0%). 1‐octadecanol (11.5%), caryophyllene oxide (5.7%), elemol (3.9%), phytol (3.5%), ledene oxide (3.3%) and artemisia ketone (3.1%) were found as main constituents in the leaf oil. Forty‐six constituents were determined in the stem oil (75.1%). The main compounds of the stem oil were 1‐octadecanol (11.1%), β‐oplopenone (5.5%), ledene oxide (5.5%), caryophyllene oxide (4.4%) and phytol (3.0%). TLE and TSE displayed strong antidiabetic activity with IC50 values of 21.30 and 29.57 µg/mL against α‐glucosidase enzyme, respectively. TLE showed the best anti‐inflammatory activity with an IC50 value of 91.02 µg/mL while TFE and TSE exhibited moderate activity with IC50 values of 186.50 and 257.10 µg/mL, respectively. TFE and TLE were found to possess moderate antioxidant activity with IC50 values of 572.80 and 385.80 µg/mL against ABTS radical while all essential oils showed weak activity against DPPH radical. To the best of our knowledge, this is first report on chemical composition and biological activities of Tconoclinium essential oils. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, we report anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities of two acylated isoscutellarein glucosides isolated from ethyl acetate extract of Stachys subnuda aerial part. 4'-O-methylisoscutellarein-7-O-2"-O-(6"'-O-acetyl-ß-D-allopyranosyl)- ß-D-glucopyranoside (SS1) and isoscutellarein-7-O-2"-O-(6"'-O-acetyl-ß-D-allopyranosyl)-ß-D-glucopyranoside (SS2) were isolated as major compounds from ethyl acetate extract (SSEA). Also, 2 hydroxycinnamic acid derivatives, and 5 isoscutellarein glucoside derivatives in the SSEA were identified using LC-MS/MS. SS1 with IC50 values of 2.35 and 1.98 µg/mL and SS2 with IC50 values 13.94 and 12.76 µg/mL showed fairly strong antioxidant activity against DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) and ABTS (2,2'-azino-bis-3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) radicals, respectively. SS1 and SS2 inhibited 5-lipoxygenase (5-LOX) activity with IC50 values of 47.23 and 41.60 µg/mL, respectively. The results demonstrated that SS1 and SS2 have significant anti-inflammatory and antioxidant potential. Acylated flavonoid glycosides have been first reported for Stachys subnuda. Also, the activities of SS1 and SS2 have been investigated for the first time in this study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on improving the detection and characterization of measurable residual disease (MRD) in acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Topics include the development of a single-cell MRD assay that combines flow cytometric enrichment, the single-cell Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA) sequencing, and immunophenotyping to enhance MRD detection sensitivity and illuminate the clonal architecture of hematopoietic cells.

Objectives Session 3 of the 2021 Workshop of the Society for Hematopathology/European Association for Haematopathology examined progression and transformation of chronic lymphocytic leukemia/small lymphocytic lymphoma (CLL/SLL) and B-cell prolymphocytic leukemia (B-PLL). Methods Thirty-one cases were reviewed by the panel. Additional studies such as immunohistochemistry and molecular genetic testing, including whole-exome sequencing and expression profiling, were performed in select cases. Results Session 3 included 27 CLL/SLL cases and miscellaneous associated proliferations, 3 cases of B-PLL, and 1 case of small B-cell lymphoma. The criteria for -accelerated CLL/SLL are established for lymph nodes, but extranodal disease can be diagnostically challenging. Richter transformation (RT) is a broad term and includes true transformation from original CLL/SLL clone(s) and clonally unrelated neoplasms. The morphologic, immunophenotypic, and genetic spectrum is diverse with classical and highly unusual examples. T-cell proliferations can also be encountered in CLL/SLL. B-cell prolymphocytic leukemia is a rare, diagnostically challenging disease due to its overlaps with other lymphoid neoplasms. Conclusions The workshop highlighted complexity of progression and transformation in CLL/SLL and B-PLL, as well as diagnostic caveats accompanying heterogeneous presentations of RT and other manifestations of disease progression. Molecular genetic studies are pivotal for diagnosis and determination of clonal relationship, and to predict response to treatment and identify resistance to targeted therapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives To report findings from the 2021 Society for Hematopathology/European Association for Haematopathology Workshop within the category of B-cell lineage neoplasms' transdifferentiation into histiocytic/dendritic cell neoplasms (HDCNs). Methods The workshop panel reviewed 29 cases, assigned consensus diagnoses, and summarized findings. Results The specific diagnoses of transdifferentiated HDCN tumors were histiocytic sarcoma (16); Langerhans cell histiocytosis/sarcoma (5); indeterminate DC tumor (1); and HDCN, unclassifiable (1). Approximately one-third of the patients reviewed had follicular lymphoma; lymphoblastic leukemia/lymphoma; or another B-cell lymphoma, most commonly chronic lymphocytic leukemia/small lymphocytic lymphoma. There was a 3:1 preponderance toward women, median patient age was 60 years, and the median interval between the initial diagnosis of B-cell lineage neoplasm and HDCN was 4 to 5 years. The submitted cases have demonstrated substantial heterogeneity as well as overlapping immunophenotypic and other features. Comprehensive genomic DNA sequencing revealed alterations enriched in the MAPK pathway. Based on shared and distinct alterations seen in HDCNs and the preceding lymphomas, both linear and divergent clonal evolutionary pathways were inferred. Furthermore, RNA sequencing performed in a subset of cases yielded new insights into markers that could be useful for more precise cell lineage identification. The panel has thus proposed an updated algorithm for HDCN lineage assignment. The outcome of transdifferentiated HDCNs was poor, but the MAPK signaling pathway emerges as a potentially attractive therapeutic target. Conclusions Transdifferentiated HDCNs demonstrate heterogeneity and pose diagnostic challenges with regard to exact classification, but the in-depth characterization of the submitted cases have added to our understanding of the secondary HDCNs transdifferentiated from B-cell lymphoma/leukemia. Continuous efforts focusing on deciphering the specific cell lineage and differentiation state of these tumors will be critical for their accurate classification. Comprehensive molecular characterization of HDCNs may be informative in this regard. With the list of novel pharmacologic inhibitors of the MAPK pathway continuing to expand, improved outcomes for HDCN can be expected. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives Sessions 8 and 9 of the 2021 Society for Hematopathology and the European Association for Haematopathology Workshop aimed to collect examples of transdifferentiation, lineage infidelity, progression, and transformation in precursor and mature T/natural killer (NK)–cell neoplasms. Methods Twenty-eight cases were submitted and analyzed, with whole-exome sequencing and genome-wide RNA expression analysis performed in a subset of the cases. Results In session 8, 7 T-lymphoblastic lymphoma/leukemia cases were received that showed transdifferentiation to clonally related mature myeloid hematopoietic neoplasms, including 6 histiocytic/dendritic cell lineage neoplasms and a mast cell sarcoma. Session 9 included 21 mature T-cell neoplasms that were grouped into 3 themes. The first one addressed phenotypic infidelity in mature T-cell lymphomas (TCLs) and included 8 TCLs expressing aberrant antigens, mimicking classic Hodgkin and non-Hodgkin B-cell lymphomas. The second theme addressed disease progression in TCL and included 5 cutaneous T-cell lymphoproliferative disorders and 2 T-cell large granular lymphocyte proliferations with subsequent progression to systemic TCL. The third theme included 6 patients with TCL with T-follicular helper phenotype, mainly angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma, with concurrent/subsequent clonal hematopoiesis or myeloid neoplasms and/or subsequent/concomitant diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. Conclusions This cohort of cases allowed us to illustrate, discuss, and review current concepts of transdifferentiation, aberrant antigen expression, and progression in various T/NK-cell neoplasms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives Session 2 of the 2021 Society for Hematopathology and European Association for Haematopathology Workshop collected examples of lineage infidelity and transdifferentiation in B-lineage neoplasms, including after targeted therapy. Methods Twenty cases were submitted. Whole-exome sequencing and genome-wide RNA expression analysis were available on a limited subsample. Results A diagnosis of B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL) was rendered on at least 1 biopsy from 13 patients. There was 1 case of acute myeloid leukemia (AML); the remaining 6 cases were mature B-cell neoplasms. Targeted therapy was administered in 7 cases of B-ALL and 4 cases of mature B-cell neoplasms. Six cases of B-ALL underwent lineage switch to AML or mixed-phenotype acute leukemia at relapse, 5 of which had rearranged KMT2A. Changes in maturational state without lineage switch were observed in 2 cases. Examples of de novo aberrant T-cell antigen expression (n = 2) were seen among the mature B-cell lymphoma cohort, and their presence correlated with alterations in tumor cell gene expression patterns. Conclusions This cohort of cases enabled us to illustrate, discuss, and review current concepts of lineage switch and aberrant antigen expression in a variety of B-cell neoplasms and draw attention to the role targeted therapies may have in predisposing neoplasms to transdifferentiation as well as other, less expected changes in maturational status. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives To summarize the conclusions of the 2021 Society for Hematopathology/European Association for Haematopathology workshop regarding transformations of marginal zone lymphoma (MZL) and lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma (LPL). Methods Nineteen cases were submitted to this portion of the workshop. Additional studies were performed in cases with sufficient material. Results Cases included splenic MZL (n = 4), splenic diffuse red pulp small B-cell lymphoma (n = 2), nodal MZL (n = 4), extranodal MZL (n = 1), and LPL (n = 8). The most common transformation was to diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), but others included classic Hodgkin lymphoma, high-grade B-cell lymphomas with MYC and BCL6 rearrangements, plasmablastic lymphoma, and plasma cell leukemia. Two splenic MZLs with transformation to DLBCL contained t(14;19)(q32;q13.3) IGH::BCL3 rearrangements in both samples. Paired sequencing studies in 5 MZLs with transformation to clonally related DLBCL identified a variety of mutations and gene fusions at the time of transformation, including CARD11, IGH::MYC, NOTCH2, P2RY8, TBLX1X1, and IGH::CD274. Conclusions Marginal zone lymphoma and LPL may undergo a variety of transformation events, most commonly to DLBCL, which is usually, although not always, directly clonally related to the underlying low-grade lymphoma. Multiparameter analysis including broad-based sequencing studies can assist in the diagnosis and classification of these uncommon cases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives To summarize cases submitted to the 2021 Society for Hematopathology/European Association for Haematopathology Workshop under the categories of progression of Hodgkin lymphoma, plasmablastic myeloma, and plasma cell myeloma. Methods The workshop panel reviewed 20 cases covered in this session. In addition, whole-exome sequencing (WES) and whole-genome RNA expression analysis were performed on 10 submitted cases, including 6 Hodgkin lymphoma and 4 plasma neoplasm cases. Results The cases of Hodgkin lymphoma included transformed cases to or from various types of B-cell lymphoma with 1 exception, which had T-cell differentiation. The cases of plasma cell neoplasms included cases with plasmablastic progression, progression to plasma cell leukemia, and secondary B-lymphoblastic leukemia. Gene variants identified by WES included some known to be recurrent in Hodgkin lymphoma and plasma cell neoplasm. All submitted Hodgkin lymphoma samples showed 1 or more of these mutations: SOCS1, FGFR2, KMT2D, RIT1, SPEN, STAT6, TET2, TNFAIP3, and ZNF217. Conclusions Better molecular characterization of both of these neoplasms and mechanisms of progression will help us to better understand mechanisms of progression and perhaps develop better prognostic models, as well as identifying novel therapeutic targets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The potentiality of bioactive phenolic compounds may result in plant extracts having multiple biological activities. The aim of this study was to investigate into the biological activities of the methanolic, ethyl acetate, and water extracts of Tchihatchewia isatidea Boiss, an endemic medicinal plant of Turkey. The phenolic compositions of the extracts were confirmed using RP-HPLC. Extracts were screened for their potential antioxidant through a panoply of assays; their anti-diabetic potential, and plausible inhibitory activity against tyrosinase and acetylcholinesterase. Molecular modelling methods were also used to assess the docking properties of phenolic compounds on tyrosinase. The major and most abundant compounds were rosmarinic acid (570 ± 14 μg/g extract in the methanolic extract), ferrulic acid (336 ± 6 μg/g extract in the methanolic extract), (+)-catechin (340 ± 4 μg/g extract in the water extract), apigenin (182 ± 4 μg/g extract in the methanolic extract), and epicatechin (188 ± 12 μg/g extract in the water extract). Radical scavenging, reducing capacity, and metal chelating activities were detected in the extracts, with preponderance activity observed in the methanolic extract. In conclusion, the potential clinical applications observed during this study may provide new insights into the molecular aspect particularly for neuroprotective and anti-diabetic mechanisms involving oxidative stress. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Deregulation of normal epigenetic regulatory mechanisms, including histone acetylation, is increasingly recognized as a major driver in lymphoma, particularly germinal center origin non-Hodgkin lymphomas like follicular lymphoma (FL) and the germinal center subtype of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) [[1]]. Six of seven patients had I CREBBP i mutations, and one patient with FL had an I EP300 i mutation (Supplementary Figure 1). In patients with FL, FLIPI scores were 0-1 in two patients, 2 (moderate risk) in one patient, and 3-5 (high risk) in two patients. [Extracted from the article]

Chronic lymphocytic leukemia/small lymphocytic lymphoma (CLL/SLL) undergoes Richter's transformation to diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) in 2-8% of cases or classic Hodgkin lymphoma in less than 1% of cases [[1]]. Immunoglobulin heavy chain gene rearrangement studies by fragment analysis revealed an identical clonal gene rearrangement of IgH as previously identified in the patient's CLL/SLL (Figure 2(a)). Transformation of chronic lymphocytic leukemia/small lymphocytic lymphoma to interdigitating dendritic cell sarcoma: evidence for transdifferentiation of the lymphoma clone. [Extracted from the article]

Fifteen patients (83%) received combined modality therapy with R-CHOP followed by radiation therapy (RT); among these, 10 had short-course R-CHOP (three to four cycles) and five completed full course R-CHOP (six cycles). Long-term outcomes of patients with limited-stage ocular adnexal DLBCL treated with combined modality therapy in the rituximab era Keywords: diffuse large B cell lymphoma; ocular adnexa; orbit; outcomes; radiation; rituximab; treatment EN diffuse large B cell lymphoma ocular adnexa orbit outcomes radiation rituximab treatment 524 527 4 02/07/23 20230215 NES 230215 Primary diffuse large B-cell lymphoma involving the ocular adnexa (OA-DLBCL), including the orbit, eyelids or lacrimal glands, is a rare manifestation of DLBCL, and data to guide management are limited.[[1], [3]] Historically OA-DLBCL has been associated with poor prognosis, but reported cases were largely treated prior to the rituximab era, and many were managed with local therapy alone without systemic chemotherapy.[[2], [4], [6]] In the rituximab era, its prognosis remains unknown, particularly in individuals with limited-stage disease.[8] Published case series of patients with extranodal limited-stage DLBCL rarely included OA-DLBCL.[9] Thus, the optimal management and outcomes of patients with limited-stage OA-DLBCL treated with modern therapy remain poorly defined. [Extracted from the article]

A response from Eric D. Hsi and Ahmet Dogan to a letter to the editor to their article "Plasmablastic Lymphoma and Related Disorders" published in a 2011 issue is presented.

We also evaluated the difference of genomic findings between I STAT5B i mutated myeloid neoplasm with eosinophilia and I STAT5B i mutated lymphocyte-variant hypereosinophilia using flow cytometry sorting and next generation sequencing (NGS). Recently, I STAT5B i p.N642H, activating mutation of I STAT5B i , was reported as a recurrent mutation in patients with myeloid neoplasms with eosinophilia, identified in 1.6% of patients with myeloid neoplasms with eosinophilia by Cross et al. [[6]]. Abnormal T-cell population in lymphocyte-variant hypereosinophilia is typically evaluated with flow cytometry; therefore, genetic profile of abnormal T-cell population in lymphocyte-variant hypereosinophilia has not been fully studied to date. [Extracted from the article]

A response by Sanjeev Sethi and colleagues to a letter to the editor about their article "Medullary amyloidosis associated with apolipoprotein A-IV deposition" in the 2012 issue is presented.

To the Editor Breast implant-associated anaplastic large cell lymphoma (BIA-ALCL) is a subtype of ALCL arising in association with textured breast implants [[1]]. It may also be that a common pre-lymphomatous cell is a circulating lymphocyte that homes to the peri-implant microenvironment at the same time in a susceptible patient and subsequently results in bilateral disease. Whole exome sequencing reveals activating JAK1 and STAT3 mutations in breast implant-associated anaplastic large cell lymphoma anaplastic large cell lymphoma. [Extracted from the article]

A letter to the editor is presented in response to the article "A Relapsing Inflammatory Syndrome and Active Human Herpesvirus 8 Infection," by L. Dagna, F. Broccolo and C.T. Paties in the July 14, 2005 issue.

Presents a case of a man with testicular relapse in acute promyelocytic leukaemia. Symptoms; Treatment.

Objective: The present study examines the effects of the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic on radical prostatectomy performed as part of localized prostate cancer treatment in Turkey. Material and methods: A retrospective analysis was made of the data of 176 patients from 8 centers in Turkey who underwent radical prostatectomy due to localized prostate cancer over the 2 years spanning March 1, 2019, to February 28, 2021. Within this timeframe, March 1, 2019, to February 28, 2020, was denoted the 1-year pre-coronavirus disease 2019 period, while March 1, 2020, to February 28, 2021, was denoted the 1-year coronavirus disease 2019 period. An analysis was made of whether there was a difference in the number of radical prostatectomies performed for prostate cancer, the time from biopsy to operation, and the biopsy and radical prostatectomy pathology between the 2 periods. Results: It was found that the number of radical prostatectomies performed for localized prostate cancer during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic was statistically and highly significantly fewer than in the pre-coronavirus disease 2019 period (P < .001). The patients diagnosed with Gleason 3 + 3 (low risk) prostate cancer were statistically significantly fewer in number in the coronavirus disease 2019 period (P < .001). The pathological Gleason score was upgrading than the biopsy Gleason score in all patients who underwent in both periods (P < .001). When the periods were compared, the pathological involvement determined by lymph node dissection performed during radical prostatectomy was found to be decreased in the coronavirus disease 2019 period, although the difference was not statistically significant (P = .051). Conclusion: As with many diseases, the diagnosis and treatment of prostate cancer have been adversely affected by the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

CD19 antibody-drug conjugate therapy in DLBCL does not preclude subsequent responses to CD19-directed CAR T-cell therapy. The cases herein illustrate this potential epitope competition between CD19-targeting therapeutics and diagnostics and suggest that sequential treatment with CAR T-cell products after tafasitamab therapy may lead to reduced efficacy if not timed appropriately. Although high binding affinity is generally considered a desirable attribute to targeted therapies, a low compound-receptor dissociation rate can become problematic if a patient is subsequently considered for CD19-directed CAR T-cell therapy. [Extracted from the article]

The article focuses on a study conducted by the authors on development of seroma associated anaplastic large-cell lymphoma (ALCL) as a result of subcutaneous calcinosis. Topics discussed include introduction to pyothorax-associated lymphoma (PAL) which develops at the site of chronic inflammation, association of PAL with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), and conclusion of the study that ALCL may be caused by factors other than breast implants like that of aetiological factors.

Background: Cardiac amyloidosis has a very poor prognosis, but it is the nature of the involved precursor protein that ultimately dictates treatment and survival. Aim: Definitively characterise the amyloid subtype by mass spectrometry (MS) in an Australian cohort of patients with cardiac amyloidosis. Methods: We report the clinical characteristics and survival of 47 cardiac amyloid patients across two Australian centres including 39 patients evaluated for definitive amyloid subtype utilising laser microdissection and tandem mass spectrometry. Results: A quarter (n = 12) of patients were classified as wild‐type transthyretin amyloidosis (ATTRwt), 33 patients as light or heavy chain amyloidosis (AL or AH) and two as hereditary mutant transthyretin amyloidosis. Greater left ventricular hypertrophy (interventricular septum 22 vs 15 mm; P = 0.005) and history of cardiac arrhythmia (75% vs 31%; P = 0.016) were significantly associated with ATTRwt patients compared with AL/AH patients. AL patients demonstrated significantly shorter median survival compared with ATTRwt patients (3.5 vs 37 months; P = 0.007). New York Heart Association class III–IV symptoms or plasma cells ≥10% at diagnosis, were the only independent predictors of worse survival in AL patients on multivariate analysis. Conclusions: AL amyloidosis accounted for 68% of our cohort of patients with cardiac amyloidosis while ATTR accounted for 26%. In the era of novel therapies for both AL amyloid and ATTR, identification of the correct amyloid subtype is essential in making therapeutic decisions and providing accurate prognostic information to patients. Laser microdissection and tandem mass spectrometry plays an important role in identifying amyloid subtype, particularly in complex cases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: Unplanned exploitation of groundwater from coastal aquifers may cause salt water intrusion in coastal aquifers. Coastal areas are generally overpopulated with fertile agricultural lands and diversified irrigated farming activities. The objective of this study was to develop a model to control/prevent seawater intrusion into the coastal aquifer with a case study of the Silifke–Goksu Deltaic Plain. A computer program for the simulation of three-dimensional variable density groundwater flow, SEAWAT, is used to model the seawater intrusion mechanism of the Goksu Deltaic Plain along the Mediterranean coast of Turkey. The calibration analysis of the developed seawater intrusion model is performed using field measured data in the water-year of 2008 including static groundwater head, electrical conductivity, total dissolved solid (TDS), and chloride concentration values collected from 23 observation wells and the existing data which were compiled and reviewed. The main objectives for applying the seawater intrusion model to the Goksu Deltaic Plain were (1) to determine the hydraulic and hydrogeologic parameters of the aquifer, (2) to estimate the spatial variation of the salt concentration in the aquifer and (3) to investigate the impact of the increase and decrease in groundwater extractions. The simulation results show that the Goksu Deltaic Plain aquifer is especially sensitive to the increase in groundwater extraction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]