Search

Your search keyword '"Dolores Trigo"' showing total 50 results
Start Over Author "Dolores Trigo"
50 results on '"Dolores Trigo"'

1. Global data on earthworm abundance, biomass, diversity and corresponding environmental properties

Author

Helen R. P. Phillips, Elizabeth M. Bach, Marie L. C. Bartz, Joanne M. Bennett, Rémy Beugnon, Maria J. I. Briones, George G. Brown, Olga Ferlian, Konstantin B. Gongalsky, Carlos A. Guerra, Birgitta König-Ries, Julia J. Krebs, Alberto Orgiazzi, Kelly S. Ramirez, David J. Russell, Benjamin Schwarz, Diana H. Wall, Ulrich Brose, Thibaud Decaëns, Patrick Lavelle, Michel Loreau, Jérôme Mathieu, Christian Mulder, Wim H. van der Putten, Matthias C. Rillig, Madhav P. Thakur, Franciska T. de Vries, David A. Wardle, Christian Ammer, Sabine Ammer, Miwa Arai, Fredrick O. Ayuke, Geoff H. Baker, Dilmar Baretta, Dietmar Barkusky, Robin Beauséjour, Jose C. Bedano, Klaus Birkhofer, Eric Blanchart, Bernd Blossey, Thomas Bolger, Robert L. Bradley, Michel Brossard, James C. Burtis, Yvan Capowiez, Timothy R. Cavagnaro, Amy Choi, Julia Clause, Daniel Cluzeau, Anja Coors, Felicity V. Crotty, Jasmine M. Crumsey, Andrea Dávalos, Darío J. Díaz Cosín, Annise M. Dobson, Anahí Domínguez, Andrés Esteban Duhour, Nick van Eekeren, Christoph Emmerling, Liliana B. Falco, Rosa Fernández, Steven J. Fonte, Carlos Fragoso, André L. C. Franco, Abegail Fusilero, Anna P. Geraskina, Shaieste Gholami, Grizelle González, Michael J. Gundale, Mónica Gutiérrez López, Branimir K. Hackenberger, Davorka K. Hackenberger, Luis M. Hernández, Jeff R. Hirth, Takuo Hishi, Andrew R. Holdsworth, Martin Holmstrup, Kristine N. Hopfensperger, Esperanza Huerta Lwanga, Veikko Huhta, Tunsisa T. Hurisso, Basil V. Iannone, Madalina Iordache, Ulrich Irmler, Mari Ivask, Juan B. Jesús, Jodi L. Johnson-Maynard, Monika Joschko, Nobuhiro Kaneko, Radoslava Kanianska, Aidan M. Keith, Maria L. Kernecker, Armand W. Koné, Yahya Kooch, Sanna T. Kukkonen, H. Lalthanzara, Daniel R. Lammel, Iurii M. Lebedev, Edith Le Cadre, Noa K. Lincoln, Danilo López-Hernández, Scott R. Loss, Raphael Marichal, Radim Matula, Yukio Minamiya, Jan Hendrik Moos, Gerardo Moreno, Alejandro Morón-Ríos, Hasegawa Motohiro, Bart Muys, Johan Neirynck, Lindsey Norgrove, Marta Novo, Visa Nuutinen, Victoria Nuzzo, P. Mujeeb Rahman, Johan Pansu, Shishir Paudel, Guénola Pérès, Lorenzo Pérez-Camacho, Jean-François Ponge, Jörg Prietzel, Irina B. Rapoport, Muhammad Imtiaz Rashid, Salvador Rebollo, Miguel Á. Rodríguez, Alexander M. Roth, Guillaume X. Rousseau, Anna Rozen, Ehsan Sayad, Loes van Schaik, Bryant Scharenbroch, Michael Schirrmann, Olaf Schmidt, Boris Schröder, Julia Seeber, Maxim P. Shashkov, Jaswinder Singh, Sandy M. Smith, Michael Steinwandter, Katalin Szlavecz, José Antonio Talavera, Dolores Trigo, Jiro Tsukamoto, Sheila Uribe-López, Anne W. de Valença, Iñigo Virto, Adrian A. Wackett, Matthew W. Warren, Emily R. Webster, Nathaniel H. Wehr, Joann K. Whalen, Michael B. Wironen, Volkmar Wolters, Pengfei Wu, Irina V. Zenkova, Weixin Zhang, Erin K. Cameron, and Nico Eisenhauer

Subjects
Science
Abstract

Measurement(s) earthworm communities • Abundance • organic material • Diversity • environmental properties Technology Type(s) digital curation Factor Type(s) location Sample Characteristic - Organism Lumbricina Sample Characteristic - Environment soil Sample Characteristic - Location global Machine-accessible metadata file describing the reported data: https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.13399118

Published
2021
Full Text
View/download PDF

4. Catch-All No More: Integrative Systematic Revision of the Genus Allolobophora Eisen, 1874 (Crassiclitellata, Lumbricidae) with the Description of Two New Relict Earthworm Genera

Author

Alejandro Martínez Navarro, Sergio Jiménez Pinadero, Thibaud Decaëns, Mickaël Hedde, Marta Novo, Dolores Trigo, Daniel Fernández Marchán, Universidad Complutense de Madrid = Complutense University of Madrid [Madrid] (UCM), Department of Biodiversity, Ecology and Evolution [Madrid], Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive (CEFE), Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro Montpellier, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Ecologie fonctionnelle et biogéochimie des sols et des agro-écosystèmes (UMR Eco&Sols), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro Montpellier, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), subproject Fauna Ibérica XII. Oligochaeta, Lumbricoidea: Lumbricidae, Hormogastridae #PGC2018-095851-B-C66 from the Spanish Ministry of Sciences, Innovation and Universities., María Zambrano Postdoctoral Grant from the Spanish Ministry of Sciences, Innovation and Universities, and Make Our Planet Great Again Postdoctoral grant from Campus France

Subjects
Article Subject, Genetics, Animal Science and Zoology, [SDV.BID.SPT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity/Systematics, Phylogenetics and taxonomy, Molecular Biology, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
Abstract

International audience; The taxonomy of earthworms has been riddled by instability, lack of systematically useful characters, and lax diagnoses of some genera. This has led to the use of some genera such as Allolobophora Eisen, 1874 as taxonomic wastebaskets, blurring their evolution and biogeographical history. The implementation of molecular techniques has revolutionized the systematics of the genus; however, some of its species have not been previously included in molecular phylogenetic analyses. Thus, the molecular markers COI, 16S, ND1, 12S, and 28S were sequenced for six endemic species including several taxa of Allolobophora and Aporrectodea Örely, 1885 (another related catch-all genus). Phylogenetic relationships determined by Bayesian inference and maximum likelihood analyses support the status of two of the six taxa examined (Allolobophora burgondiae Bouché, 1972 and Aporrectodea icterica Savigny, 1826) as part of Allolobophora sensu stricto and a presumed synonymy between Allolobophora and Heraclescolex Qiu and Bouché, 1998. Branch lengths and average pairwise genetic distances support the transfer of Allolobophora satchelli Bouché, 1972 to the genus Panoniona Mršić and Šapkarev, 1988 and the emergence of two new genera, Heraultia gen. nov. and Vosgesia gen. nov., endemic to France, hosting Allolobophora tiginosa Bouché, 1972 and Allolobophora zicsii Bouché, 1972, respectively. The aforementioned changes of status and the diagnosis for Heraultia and Vosgesia are presented. These results provided more evolutionarily and biogeographically coherent earthworm groups and highlighted that the Maghreb and the area around the Alps are potential key locations for the diversification of Allolobophora and several lineages of Lumbricidae.

Published
2023

5. Sorry atlanticus, you are not my type: molecular assessment splits Zophoscolex (Lumbricidae: Crassiclitellata) into French and Iberian genera

Author

Darío J. Díaz Cosín, Sergio Jiménez Pinadero, Daniel Fernández Marchán, Jorge Domínguez, Marta Novo, and Dolores Trigo

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, 0301 basic medicine, biology, Zoology, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Zophoscolex, 03 medical and health sciences, 030104 developmental biology, Type (biology), biology.animal, Lumbricidae, Animal Science and Zoology, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
Abstract

Molecular phylogenetics contributes to making important advances in the challenging field of earthworm taxonomy. Use of this type of analysis has enabled clarification of the phylogenetic relationships between early-branching genera of Lumbricidae within the highly diverse Franco-Iberian realm. However, molecular phylogenetic studies of the genus Zophoscolex are scarce and have led to taxonomic uncertainty due to insufficient sampling and the absence of the type species, Z. atlanticus, from such studies. The present study investigated 11 species of Zophoscolex (including Z. atlanticus), and the phylogenetic relationships were deduced from seven molecular markers (COI, COII, 16S, tRNAs, ND1, 12S, 28S) by Bayesian and maximum likelihood inference. The findings show that species of Zophoscolex did not belong to a single clade. Zophoscolex atlanticus was placed in a clade with Z. micellus, Z. graffi and Ethnodrilus zajonci. Other species of the genus were found to belong to the genera Cataladrilus and Compostelandrilus. Finally, most of the Iberian species form a distinct clade, which was formally described as the revised genus Castellodrilus. Based on these findings, Zophoscolex is restricted to French representatives. These results highlight the importance of incorporating type species in molecular phylogenetic analyses in order to reconcile taxonomy and systematics.

Published
2021

7. Applying sunscreens on earthworms: Molecular response of Eisenia fetida after direct contact with an organic UV filter

Author

Dolores Trigo, Ana-Belén Muñiz-González, Marta Novo, S. Casquero, and J.L. Martínez Guitarte

Subjects
Receptors, Steroid, Eisenia fetida, Environmental Engineering, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, UV filter, Endocrine System, Endocrine Disruptors, 010501 environmental sciences, medicine.disease_cause, 01 natural sciences, Superoxide dismutase, chemistry.chemical_compound, Gene expression, medicine, Animals, Environmental Chemistry, Oligochaeta, Waste Management and Disposal, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, biology, Superoxide Dismutase, biology.organism_classification, Pollution, Endocrine disruptor, chemistry, Biochemistry, biology.protein, Xenobiotic, Ecdysone receptor, Sunscreening Agents, Genotoxicity
Abstract

The use of organic Ultraviolet (UV) filters has increased in the last years, either in sunscreens, other cosmetics, or even food packaging. These filters may end up in soil and water since the Wastewater Treatment Plants may not successfully remove them. Among them, benzophenones are known to act as endocrine disruptors. However, most of the studies are directed towards vertebrates and aquatic invertebrates, while there is a lack of information on the molecular mechanisms affected by these compounds on soil dwelling invertebrates. Here, we study the impact of direct acute (48 h) contact of 4-hydroxybenzophenone (4-OHBP) at two sublethal concentrations (0.02 and 0.2 mg/mL) on gene expression of the earthworm Eisenia fetida. Investigated genes were involved in endocrine pathways, stress response, detoxification mechanisms, genotoxicity, energy metabolism and epigenetics. Three of them were identified for the first time in earthworms. Our results suggest that exposure to 4-OHBP affected endocrine pathways, causing an increase in the Ecdysone receptor gene (EcR) expression. Moreover, the UV filter induced changes in the CuZn superoxide dismutase gene (CuZn SOD), indicating an effect in the stress response. Finally, significant changes were detected for glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase gene (GAPDH) expression, indicating that energy metabolism is influenced by the 4-OHBP and highlighting the risks of using GAPDH as an internal reference for Real Time PCR.

Published
2019

9. Does sediment composition sort kinorhynch communities? An ecomorphological approach through geometric morphometrics

Author

Diego Cepeda, Fernando Pardos, Dolores Trigo, and Nuria Sánchez

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, 0301 basic medicine, Ecomorphology, Evolution, Invertebrados, lcsh:Medicine, Biology, Evolutionary ecology, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Article, 03 medical and health sciences, Genus, 14. Life underwater, lcsh:Science, Vermiform, Appendage, Morphometrics, Multidisciplinary, Ecology, Phylum, lcsh:R, Sediment, biology.organism_classification, 030104 developmental biology, lcsh:Q, Kinorhyncha, Zoology
Abstract

Ecomorphology studies the relationship between organisms’ morphology and environment features. To better understand whether the shape of the body and the appendages involved in the movement is correlated to sediment composition in meiofaunal organisms, we study the evolved morphological adaptations to environment in selected taxa of the phylum Kinorhyncha: the allomalorhagid families Dracoderidae and Pycnophyidae, and the cyclorhagid genus Echinoderes. The selected taxa include the most diverse groups of Kinorhyncha worldwide, representing the 75.5% of the total phylum diversity. Widened, plump bodies and lateral terminal spines may be adaptive for species living in coarse, more heterogeneous sediments, as they could maintain a more powerful musculature to actively displace the sediment grains applying a greater force. Conversely, slender, vermiform bodies and lateral terminal spines would represent an adaptation of species inhabiting fine, more homogeneous sediments where there would not be much need to exert a high force to displace the sediment particles, and a more vermiform shape would even favour the burrowing of the animal through the smaller interstices. The studied kinorhynch taxa would also be adapted to the higher velocity of the sea-water and the intense erosion and transportation of heterogeneous sediments by possessing more robust bodies, avoiding getting laid off substratum under these conditions. These findings provide evolutionary evidence that body shape in the studied kinorhynch groups is adapted to environment.

Published
2020

10. Endocrine disruptors in soil: Effects of bisphenol A on gene expression of the earthworm Eisenia fetida

Author

I. Verdú, José-Luis Martínez-Guitarte, Marta Novo, and Dolores Trigo

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, Eisenia fetida, Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis, Gene Expression, Physiology, Endocrine Disruptors, 010501 environmental sciences, Biology, Ecotoxicology, medicine.disease_cause, 01 natural sciences, Soil, 03 medical and health sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, Phenols, Detoxification, Gene expression, medicine, Animals, Soil Pollutants, Metallothionein, Endocrine system, Epigenetics, Benzhydryl Compounds, Oligochaeta, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, General Medicine, biology.organism_classification, Pollution, 030104 developmental biology, chemistry, Xenobiotic, Biomarkers, Genotoxicity
Abstract

Xenobiotics such as bisphenol A (BPA), are present in biosolids, which are applied as organic fertilizers in agricultural fields. Their effects on soil life have been poorly assessed, and this is particularly important in the case of earthworms, which represent the main animal biomass in this medium. In the present work we study the impacts of BPA on gene expression of Eisenia fetida, a widely used ecotoxicological model. Chronic soil tests and acute contact tests were performed, and gene expression was analyzed in total tissue and in masculine reproductive organs of the earthworms. The genes studied in this research played a role in endocrine pathways, detoxification mechanisms, stress response, epigenetics, and genotoxicity. Most of the genes were identified for the first time, providing potentially useful biomarkers for future assessments. For chronic exposures, no changes were detected in whole-body tissue; however, masculine reproductive organs showed changes in the expression of genes related to endocrine function (EcR, MAPR, AdipoR), epigenetic mechanisms (DNMTs), genotoxicity (PARP1), and stress responses (HSC70 4). For acute exposures, the expression of one epigenetic-related gene was altered for both whole-body tissues and male reproductive organs (Piwi2). Further changes were detected for whole-body tissues involved in detoxification (Metallothionein), stress (HSC70 4), and genotoxicity (PARP1) mechanisms. Acute exposure effects were also tested in whole-body tissues of juveniles, showing changes in the expression of Metallothionein and Piwi2. The molecular changes found in the analyzed earthworms indicate that exposure to BPA may have negative implications in their populations. Particularly interesting are the alterations related to epigenetic mechanisms, which suggest that future generations may be impacted. This study is the first to evaluate the molecular effects of BPA on soil organisms, and further assays will be necessary to better characterize the true environmental repercussions. Capsule: Levels of gene expression in total-body tissues and masculine reproductive organs were analyzed in earthworms after exposure to bisphenol A and we observed associated changes in detoxification, endocrine, epigenetic, genotoxic and stress pathways.

Published
2018

11. Effects of bisphenol S on the life cycle of earthworms and its assessment in the context of climate change

Author

Dolores Trigo, A. Marcos, José Luis Martínez-Guitarte, Marta Novo, Ana-Belén Muñiz-González, and N. Tilikj

Subjects
Eisenia fetida, Environmental Engineering, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, biology, Biosolids, Earthworm, Context (language use), 010501 environmental sciences, biology.organism_classification, 01 natural sciences, Pollution, Toxicology, chemistry.chemical_compound, Bisphenol S, chemistry, Toxicity, Environmental Chemistry, Xenobiotic, Waste Management and Disposal, hormones, hormone substitutes, and hormone antagonists, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Toxicant
Abstract

Two of the main challenges facing soil organisms nowadays are emerging contaminants and climate change. The biosolids used in agriculture can contain xenobiotics, such as bisphenols, not regulated in soil. The proven harmful effect of bisphenol A (BPA) has urged the search for replacements such as bisphenol S (BPS) but no studies have tested the effects of this substitute on soil organisms. Our aim was to study the impacts of BPS on the biological cycle of two earthworm species, Dendrobaena veneta and Eisenia fetida, and compare to earlier results with BPA to confirm its suitability as replacement. Moreover, interactions with temperature were investigated, the increase of which is expected due to climate change. Sublethal concentrations (10, 100, 1000 mg kg−1) were evaluated by an artificial soil test at 21 °C. Additional tests with D. veneta were performed at 26 °C, to observe whether a 5 °C increase affected the toxicity of BPS in earthworms. In E. fetida, reproduction (number of juveniles and cocoons) was negatively affected by BPS but growth was not negatively impacted. In D. veneta reproduction was not affected and greater growth was detected in the lowest concentration tested only at 26 °C. Increase in temperature showed no interaction on BPS toxicity but had a greater negative impact than the toxicant and adults showed significantly lower growth and reproductive rate at 26 °C. A direct contact test with BPS was performed to evaluate mortality and enzymatic activity of glutathione-S-transferase (GST). The measured enzymatic activity was higher with increasing concentration of BPS at 48 h and 21 °C in D. veneta but not in E. fetida or at 26 °C. Our results suggest that BPS is slightly less toxic than BPA supporting its use as alternative and also highlight the harmful effects that an increase in temperature can have in earthworm populations, exceeding those of certain toxicants.

Published
2021

12. Global distribution of earthworm diversity

Author

André L.C. Franco, Michiel Rutgers, Miguel Á. Rodríguez, Thomas W. Crowther, Helen Phillips, Tunsisa T. Hurisso, Olaf Schmidt, Matthew W. Warren, Shishir Paudel, Michael B. Wironen, Mónica Gutiérrez López, Basil V. Iannone, Aidan M. Keith, Amy Choi, Esperanza Huerta Lwanga, Boris Schröder, Olga Ferlian, Jaswinder Singh, Javier Rodeiro-Iglesias, Martin Holmstrup, Geoff H. Baker, Yahya Kooch, Rosa Fernández, Konstantin B. Gongalsky, Lindsey Norgrove, Eric Blanchart, Madhav P. Thakur, Felicity Crotty, Steven J. Vanek, Thomas Bolger, Jan Hendrik Moos, Guillaume Xavier Rousseau, Marie Luise Carolina Bartz, Iñigo Virto, Michael Steinwandter, Kelly S. Ramirez, Veikko Huhta, Ulrich Brose, Michel Loreau, Davorka K. Hackenberger, David J. Russell, Loes van Schaik, Salvador Rebollo, Jonatan Klaminder, Gerardo Moreno, Benjamin Schwarz, Julia Seeber, Yvan Capowiez, David A. Wardle, Bernd Blossey, Franciska T. de Vries, Christoph Emmerling, Robert L. Bradley, Courtland Kelly, Liliana B. Falco, Alexander M. Roth, Michael J. Gundale, Radim Matula, Andrea Dávalos, Lorenzo Pérez-Camacho, Johan Neirynck, Monika Joschko, Marta Novo, Dolores Trigo, Jérôme Mathieu, Adrian A. Wackett, Anne W. de Valença, Elizabeth M. Bach, Daniel R. Lammel, Devin Routh, Madalina Iordache, Luis M. Hernández, Johan Pansu, Juan B. Jesús Lidón, Alejandro Morón-Ríos, Maxim Shashkov, Ehsan Sayad, Martine Fugère, Nobuhiro Kaneko, Mark E. Caulfield, Klaus Birkhofer, Wim H. van der Putten, Iurii M. Lebedev, Alberto Orgiazzi, Miwa Arai, H. Lalthanzara, Raphaël Marichal, Andrew R. Holdsworth, Steven J. Fonte, Maria J. I. Briones, Raúl Piñeiro, Jean-François Ponge, Nick van Eekeren, Takuo Hishi, Julia Krebs, Joanne M. Bennett, George G. Brown, Birgitta König-Ries, Carlos Fragoso, Victoria Nuzzo, Anna Rożen, Scott R. Loss, Bart Muys, Bryant C. Scharenbroch, Michael Schirrmann, Radoslava Kanianska, Irina V. Zenkova, Maria Kernecker, Abegail T Fusilero, Sandy M. Smith, Shaieste Gholami, Robin Beauséjour, Mac A. Callaham, Nathaniel H. Wehr, Yiqing Li, Kristine N. Hopfensperger, Mujeeb Rahman P, Andrés Esteban Duhour, Erin K. Cameron, Diana H. Wall, Muhammad Rashid, José Antonio Talavera, Matthias C. Rillig, Armand W. Koné, Johan van den Hoogen, Darío J. Díaz Cosín, Anahí Domínguez, Thibaud Decaëns, Fredrick O. Ayuke, Carlos A. Guerra, Guénola Pérès, Volkmar Wolters, Jiro Tsukamoto, Nico Eisenhauer, José Camilo Bedano, Weixin Zhang, Noa Kekuewa Lincoln, Visa Nuutinen, Joann K. Whalen, Christian Mulder, Sanna T. Kukkonen, German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv), Universidade Positivo, Departamento de Ecología y Biología Animal, Universidad de Vigo, Crowther Lab, Institute of Integrative Biology, ETH Zürich, A.N. Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Russian Academy of Sciences [Moscow] (RAS), JRC Institute for Environment and Sustainability (IES), European Commission - Joint Research Centre [Ispra] (JRC), Department of Biology [Fort Collins], Colorado State University [Fort Collins] (CSU), German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research, Étude et compréhension de la biodiversité (ECODIV), Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU), Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Station d'écologie théorique et expérimentale (SETE), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut d'écologie et des sciences de l'environnement de Paris (IEES), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Department of Terrestrial Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), Berlin-Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research (BBIB), National Institute for Public Health and the Environment [Bilthoven] (RIVM), Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UMR210, School of Biology and Environmental Science, University College Dublin [Dublin] (UCD), Unité de recherche Plantes et Systèmes de Culture Horticoles (PSH), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Centro International de Agricultura Tropical, Red de Biodiversidad y Sistemática, Instituto de Ecología, Department of Terrestrial Ecology, Fluides, automatique, systèmes thermiques (FAST), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Biogéochimie et écologie des milieux continentaux (Bioemco), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-AgroParisTech-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Universidad de Extremadura (UEX), Division of Forest, Nature and Landscape, Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences [Leuven] (EES), Catholic University of Leuven - Katholieke Universiteit Leuven (KU Leuven)-Catholic University of Leuven - Katholieke Universiteit Leuven (KU Leuven), Laboratoire d'Ecologie Alpine (LECA), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Sol Agro et hydrosystème Spatialisation (SAS), AGROCAMPUS OUEST-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), University of Vigo [ Pontevedra], Centre d'Ecologie et des Sciences de la COnservation (CESCO), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Center of Excellence in Environmental Studies, King Abdulaziz University, Dept Ciencias Vida, Universidad de Alcalá - University of Alcalá (UAH), Faculty of Business Administration and Economics, DS&OR-Lab, University of Paderborn, Laboratoire d'oncogénétique moléculaire, Mountain Agriculture Research Unit, University of Innsbruck, Independent, Universidad Pública de Navarra [Espagne] (UPNA), McGill University, Department of Animal Ecology and Systematics, Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen (JLU), Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Université de Leipzig, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Leipzig University, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle Wittenberg (MLU), Universidade de Vigo, Embrapa Forestry, Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation (Embrapa), Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule - Swiss Federal Institute of Technology [Zürich] (ETH Zürich), M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Department of Biometry and Environmental System Analysis, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Institute of Biodiversity, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive (CEFE), Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institute of Computer Science, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut d'écologie et des sciences de l'environnement de Paris (iEES), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Università degli studi di Catania = University of Catania (Unict), Department of Terrestrial Ecology [Wageningen], Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), Laboratory of Nematology, Department of Plant Sciences, Wageningen University & Research, Freie Universität Berlin, Senckenberg Museum of Natural History Görlitz, Senckenberg – Leibniz Institution for Biodiversity and Earth System Research - Senckenberg Gesellschaft für Naturforschung, Leibniz Association-Leibniz Association, Global Soil Biodiversity Initiative and School of Global Environmental Sustainability, Colorado State University, Asian School of the Environment (ASE), Nanyang Technological University [Singapour], Institute for Agro-Environmental Sciences, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Department of Land Resource Management and Agricultural technology (LARMAT), College of 80 Agriculture and Veterinary Sciences, University of Nairobi (LARMAT), CSIRO Health & Biosecurity, Département de biologie [Sherbrooke] (UdeS), Faculté des sciences [Sherbrooke] (UdeS), Université de Sherbrooke (UdeS)-Université de Sherbrooke (UdeS), Geology Department, FCEFQyN, ICBIA-CONICET (National Scientific and Technical Research Council), National University of Río Cuarto, Department of Ecology, Brandenburg University of Technology, Ecologie fonctionnelle et biogéochimie des sols et des agro-écosystèmes (UMR Eco&Sols), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Department of Natural Resources, Cornell University, Cornell University [New York], UCD Earth Institute, University College Dublin, USDA Forest Service, Southern Research Station, Environnement Méditerranéen et Modélisation des Agro-Hydrosystèmes (EMMAH), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Avignon Université (AU), Farming Systems Ecology, Wageningen University and Research, Faculty of Forestry, University of Toronto, Institute of Biological, Environmental & Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Department of Biological Sciences, SUNY Cortland, Department of Biodiversity, Ecology and Evolution [Madrid], Universidad Complutense de Madrid = Complutense University of Madrid [Madrid] (UCM), Laboratorio de Ecología, Instituto de Ecología y Desarrollo Sustentable, Universidad Nacional de Luján, Louis Bolk Institute (LBI), Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Regional & Environmental Sciences, University of Trier, Ciencias Básicas, Instituto de Ecología y Desarrollo Sustentable -INEDES, Universidad Nacional de Lujan, Institut de Biologia Evolutiva [Barcelona] (IBE / UPF - CSIC), Universitat Pompeu Fabra [Barcelona] (UPF), Department of Soil and Crop Sciences, Colorado State University, Biodiversity and Systematic Network, Instituto de Ecología A.C., Department of Biological Science and Environmental Studies, University of the Philippines - Mindanao, Natural Resources Department, Razi University, Department of Forest Ecology and Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Department of Biology, J. J. Strossmayer University of Osijek, Agricultural Engineering, Postgraduate Program in Agroecology, Maranhão State University, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Minnesota Pollution Control Agency, Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, Biological Sciences, Northern Kentucky University, Agricultura Sociedad y Ambiente, El Colegio de la Frontera Sur, Soil Physics and Land Management degradation, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen University, Department of Biological and Environmental Science [Jyväskylä Univ] (JYU), University of Jyväskylä (JYU), College of Agriculture, Environmental and Human Sciences, Lincoln University of Missouri, School of Forest Resources and Conservation [Gainesville] (UF|IFAS|FFGS), Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences [Gainesville] (UF|IFAS), University of Florida [Gainesville] (UF)-University of Florida [Gainesville] (UF), Sustainable Development and Environment Engineering, Banat's University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine 'King Michael the 1st of Romania', Experimental Infrastructure Platform, Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF), Faculty of Food and Agricultural Sciences, Fukushima University, Matej Bel University (UMB), Centre for Ecology and Hydrology [Lancaster] (CEH), Natural Environment Research Council (NERC), Land Use and Governance, Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF), Climate Impacts Research Centre (CIRC), Umeå University, UR Gestion Durable des Sols, UFR Sciences de la Nature, Université Nangui Abrogoua, Tarbiat Modares University [Tehran], Natural Resources Institute Finland (LUKE), Department of Zoology, Pachhunga University College, Soil Science, ESALQ-USP, Universidade de São Paulo, College of Agriculture, Forestry and Natural Resource Management, University of Hawaii at Hilo, Tropical Plant and Soil Sciences, College of Tropical Agriculture and Human Resources, University of Hawai‘i at Mānoa, Department of Natural Resource Ecology and Management, Oklahoma State University, Performance des systèmes de culture des plantes pérennes (UPR Système de pérennes), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), Department of Forest Ecology, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague (CZU), Department of Soil and Environment, Forest Research Institute of Baden-Wuerttemberg, Thuenen-Institute of Organic Farming, Forestry School - INDEHESA, University of Extremadura, Conservación de la Biodiversidad, El Colegio de la Frontera Sur, Catholic University of Leuven - Katholieke Universiteit Leuven (KU Leuven), Research Institute for Nature and Forest, Research Institute for Nature and Forest (INBO), School of Agricultural, Forest and Food Sciences, Bern University of Applied Sciences (BFH), Natural Area Consultants, Department of Zoology, Pocker Sahib Memorial Orphanage College, CSIRO Ocean & Atmosphere, CSIRO, Adaptation et diversité en milieu marin (AD2M), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Station biologique de Roscoff (SBR), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Ecology and Forest Restoration Group, Department of Life Sciences, University of Alcalá, Computing, ESEI, Vigo, Mécanismes Adaptatifs et Evolution (MECADEV), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre of Excellence in Environmental Studies, King Abdulaziz University, Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University, Life Sciences, Sciences Faculty, University of Alcalá, University of Minnesota [Twin Cities] (UMN), University of Minnesota System, Friends of the Mississippi River, Postgraduate Program in Biodiversity and Conservation, Federal University of Maranhão, Uniwersytet Jagielloński w Krakowie = Jagiellonian University (UJ), Institute of Ecology, Technical University of Berlin, College of Natural Resources, University of Wisconsin, Engineering for Crop Production, Leibniz Institute for Agricultural Engineering and Bioeconomy (ATB), UCD School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Landscape Ecology and Environmental Systems Analysis, Institute of Geoecology, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Universität Innsbruck [Innsbruck], Institute for Alpine Environment, Eurac Research, Laboratory of Ecosystem Modelling, Institute of Physicochemical and Biological Problems in Soil Sciences, Russian Academy of Science, Laboratory of Computational Ecology, Institute of Mathematical Problems of Biology RAS – the Branch of Keldysh Institute of Applied Mathematics of Russian Academy of Sciences, Post Graduate Department of Zoology, Khalsa College Amritsar, John H. Daniels Faculty of Architecture, Landscape and Design, University of Toronto, Universidad de La Laguna [Tenerife - SP] (ULL), Faculty of Agriculture, Kochi University, Food & Agriculture, WWF-Netherlands, Universidad Pública de Navarra [Espagne] = Public University of Navarra (UPNA), Soil, Water and Climate, University of Minnesota, Earth Innovation Institute, Department of Natural Resources & Environmental Management, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, Natural Resource Sciences, McGill University, McGill University = Université McGill [Montréal, Canada], The Nature Conservancy, Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen = Justus Liebig University (JLU), Laboratory of Terrestrial Ecosystems, Kola Science Centre, Institute of the North Industrial Ecology Problems, Key Laboratory of Geospatial Technology for the Middle and Lower Yellow River Regions (Henan University), Ministry of Education, College of Environment and Planning, Henan University, Department of Environmental Science, Saint Mary’s University, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences [Helsinki], Helsingin yliopisto = Helsingfors universitet = University of Helsinki, ANR-11-IDEX-0002,UNITI,Université Fédérale de Toulouse(2011), Institute of Biology, Leipzig University, Institute of Biology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Catania, Institute of Biology, Freie Universität Berlin, Senckenberg Museum for Natural History Görlitz, Department of Soil Zoology, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Faculty of Natural Resources & Marine Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Production Systems, Horticulture Technologies, Natural Resources Institute Finland, Soil Ecosystems, Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), Station biologique de Roscoff (SBR), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Departamento de Informática, Escuela Superior de Ingeniería Informática, Universidad de Vigo, Institute of Environmental Sciences, Jagiellonian University, Department of Ecology, University of Innsbruck, Department of Animal Biology (Zoology area), Science Faculty, University of La Laguna, Dpto. Ciencias, IS-FOOD, Universidad Pública de Navarra, Department of Animal Ecology, Justus Liebig University, University of Helsinki, German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Department of Biology, Colorado State University, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Lomonosov Moscow State University (MSU), Friedrich-Schiller-Universität = Friedrich Schiller University Jena [Jena, Germany], Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Wageningen University and Research [Wageningen] (WUR), National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), University of Nairobi (UoN), Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation [Canberra] (CSIRO), National University of Río Cuarto = Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto (UNRC), Brandenburg University of Technology [Cottbus – Senftenberg] (BTU), Department of Natural Resources & The Environment [CALS], College of Agriculture and Life Sciences [Cornell University] (CALS), Cornell University [New York]-Cornell University [New York], School of Biology and Environmental Sciences (SBES), USDA Forest Service, University of Toronto, Aberystwyth University, Universidad Nacional de Luján [Buenos Aires], Trier University of Applied Sciences, Razi University of Kermanshah, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Universidade Estadual do Maranhão = State University of Maranhão (UEMA), Kyushu University, Aarhus University [Aarhus], Northern Kentucky University, Adaptation et diversité en milieu marin (ADMM), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Station biologique de Roscoff (SBR), Ecosystem and Landscape Dynamics (IBED, FNWI), Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft - German Research Foundation (DFG), Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Joint Research Centre, European Commission, Department of Biology, University of Minho [Braga], University of Amsterdam [Amsterdam] (UvA), Institut d'écologie et des sciences de l'environnement de Paris (iEES Paris), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW), Laboratory of Nematology, Department of Plant Sciences, Free University of Berlin (FU), Senckenberg Research Institute, European Project: 227161,EC:FP7:KBBE,FP7-KBBE-2008-2B,BIOBIO(2009), Biometry and Environmental System Analysis, University of Freiburg, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UM3), Theoretical and Experimental Ecology Station, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Asian School of the Environment, Nanyang Technological University, Département de Biologie, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada, Université de Sherbrooke, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Cornell University, UMR 1114 'EMMAH', INRA, Complutense University of Madrid (UCM), Institute of Evolutionary Biology (CSIC-Universitat Pompeu Fabra), Forest Ecology and Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Department of Biological and Environmental Science, University of Jyväskylä, School of Forest Resources and Conservation, University of Florida, Department of Environmental Management, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Matej Bel University, Department of Ecology and Environmental Science, Climate Impacts Research Centre, Umeå University, A.N. Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Russian Academy of Sciences, Performance des systèmes de culture des plantes pérennes (Cirad-Persyst-UPR 34 Système de pérennes), Département Performances des systèmes de production et de transformation tropicaux (Cirad-PERSYST), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), Department of Forest Ecology, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Department of Earth & Environmental Sciences, KU Leuven, School of Agricultural, Forest and Food Sciences, Bern University of Applied Sciences, UMR7144 Adaptation et Diversité en Milieu Marin, Station Biologique de Roscoff, CNRS-Sorbonne Universite, AGROCAMPUS OUEST-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Mécanismes adaptatifs : des organismes aux communautés (MECADEV), Department of Forest Resources, University of Minnesota, Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UM3)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), European Research Council, Academy of Finland, Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada, Russian Foundation for Basic Research, Slovak Research and Development Agency, Wageningen University and Research Centre, International Atomic Energy Agency, Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo, Royal Canadian Geographical Society, Irish Government, University of Hawaii, U.S. Navy, Department of Science and Technology (India), Department of Defense (US), Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (Brasil), Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports (Czech Republic), Agence Nationale de la Recherche (France), Austrian Science Fund, Welsh Government, Science Foundation Ireland, University of Kentucky, Higher Education Commission (Pakistan), Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Grains Research and Development Corporation (Australia), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (Argentina), Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (Brasil), Ministère de l'Europe et des Affaires étrangères (France), University of Minho, Università degli Studi di Catania (UniCT), Terrestrial Ecology (TE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), and Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, LITTER, Earth, Planet, Climate, Biologie du sol, Biodiversity, Facteur climatique, 01 natural sciences, Ver de terre, Ecosystem services, purl.org/becyt/ford/1 [https], Soil, Abundance (ecology), FORESTS, 11. Sustainability, DRIVERS, Biomass, 2. Zero hunger, 0303 health sciences, Biomass (ecology), Multidisciplinary, biology, Ecology, Earth, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, POPULATION-DENSITY, earthworm, distribution, diversity, pattern, PE&RC, MINHOCAS, Habitat, Plant Production Systems, international, L20 - Écologie animale, Biodiversité, Écosystème, Zone tropicale, Soil biology, Biocénose, Invertebrados, [SDV.SA.SDS]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Soil study, Models, Biological, 010603 evolutionary biology, Ecology and Environment, Zone tempérée, 03 medical and health sciences, [SDV.EE.ECO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Ecosystems, Life Science, Animals, Ecosystem, PLANT, Oligochaeta, purl.org/becyt/ford/1.6 [https], 030304 developmental biology, Earthworm, Tropics, P34 - Biologie du sol, Species diversity, SHIFTS, Farm Systems Ecology Group, Bodemfysica en Landbeheer, 15. Life on land, Ecología, biology.organism_classification, Soil Physics and Land Management, SOIL, Agriculture and Soil Science, 13. Climate action, Plantaardige Productiesystemen, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, PATTERNS, Linear Models, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, BIODIVERSITY, Species richness, Planet, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, COMMUNITIES, Zoology, Animal Distribution, Models Biological
Abstract

Soil organisms, including earthworms, are a key component of terrestrial ecosystems. However, little is known about their diversity, their distribution, and the threats affecting them. We compiled a global dataset of sampled earthworm communities from 6928 sites in 57 countries as a basis for predicting patterns in earthworm diversity, abundance, and biomass. We found that local species richness and abundance typically peaked at higher latitudes, displaying patterns opposite to those observed in aboveground organisms. However, high species dissimilarity across tropical locations may cause diversity across the entirety of the tropics to be higher than elsewhere. Climate variables were found to be more important in shaping earthworm communities than soil properties or habitat cover. These findings suggest that climate change may have serious implications for earthworm communities and for the functions they provide., 677232 to N.E.). K.S.R. and W.H.v.d.P. were supported by ERC-ADV grant 323020 to W.H.v.d.P. Also supported by iDiv (DFG FZT118) Flexpool proposal 34600850 (C.A.G. and N.E.); the Academy of Finland (285882) and the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (postdoctoral fellowship and RGPIN-2019-05758) (E.K.C.); DOB Ecology (T.W.C., J.v.d.H., and D.R.); ERC-AdG 694368 (M.R.); and the TULIP Laboratory of Excellence (ANR-10-LABX-41) (M.L.). In addition, data collection was funded by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research (12-04-01538-a, 12-04-01734-a, 14-44-03666-r_center_a, 15-29-02724-ofi_m, 16-04-01878-a 19-05-00245); Tarbiat Modares University; Aurora Organic Dairy; UGC(NERO) (F. 1-6/Acctt./NERO/2007-08/1485); Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council (RGPIN-2017-05391); Slovak Research and Development Agency (APVV-0098-12); Science for Global Development through Wageningen University; Norman Borlaug LEAP Programme and International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA); São Paulo Research Foundation - FAPESP (12/22510-8); Oklahoma Agricultural Experiment Station; INIA - Spanish Agency (SUM 2006-00012-00-0); Royal Canadian Geographical Society; Environmental Protection Agency (Ireland) (2005-S-LS-8); University of Hawai‘i at Mānoa (HAW01127H; HAW01123M); European Union FP7 (FunDivEurope, 265171); U.S. Department of the Navy, Commander Pacific Fleet (W9126G-13-2-0047); Science and Engineering Research Board (SB/SO/AS-030/2013) Department of Science and Technology, New Delhi, India; Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program (SERDP) of the U.S. Department of Defense (RC-1542); Maranhão State Research Foundation (FAPEMA); Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel (CAPES); Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports of the Czech Republic (LTT17033); Colorado Wheat Research Foundation; Zone Atelier Alpes, French National Research Agency (ANR-11-BSV7-020-01, ANR-09-STRA-02-01, ANR 06 BIODIV 009-01); Austrian Science Fund (P16027, T441); Landwirtschaftliche Rentenbank Frankfurt am Main; Welsh Government and the European Agricultural Fund for Rural Development (Project Ref. A AAB 62 03 qA731606); SÉPAQ; Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry of Finland; Science Foundation Ireland (EEB0061); University of Toronto (Faculty of Forestry); National Science and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Haliburton Forest and Wildlife Reserve; NKU College of Arts and Sciences Grant; Österreichische Forschungsförderungsgesellschaft (837393 and 837426); Mountain Agriculture Research Unit of the University of Innsbruck; Higher Education Commission of Pakistan; Kerala Forest Research Institute, Peechi, Kerala; UNEP/GEF/TSBF-CIAT Project on Conservation and Sustainable Management of Belowground Biodiversity; Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry of Finland; Complutense University of Madrid/European Union FP7 project BioBio (FPU UCM 613520); GRDC; AWI; LWRRDC; DRDC; CONICET (National Scientific and Technical Research Council) and FONCyT (National Agency of Scientific and Technological Promotion) (PICT, PAE, PIP), Universidad Nacional de Luján y FONCyT [PICT 2293 (2006)], Fonds de recherche sur la nature et les technologies du Québec (131894), Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft [SCHR1000/3-1, SCHR1000/6-1, 6-2 (FOR 1598), WO 670/7-1, WO 670/7-2, and SCHA 1719/1-2], CONACYT (FONDOS MIXTOS TABASCO/PROYECTO11316); NSF (DGE-0549245, DGE-0549245, DEB-BE-0909452, NSF1241932); Institute for Environmental Science and Policy at the University of Illinois at Chicago; Dean’s Scholar Program at UIC; Garden Club of America Zone VI Fellowship in Urban Forestry from the Casey Tree Endowment Fund; J. E. Weaver Competitive Grant from the Nebraska Chapter of The Nature Conservancy; the College of Liberal Arts and Sciences at DePaul University; Elmore Hadley Award for Research in Ecology and Evolution from the UIC Dept. of Biological Sciences; Spanish CICYT (AMB96-1161; REN2000-0783/GLO; REN2003-05553/GLO; REN2003-03989/GLO; CGL2007-60661/BOS); Yokohama National University; MEXT KAKENHI (25220104); Japan Society for the Promotion of Science KAKENHI (25281053, 17KT0074, 25252026); ADEME (0775C0035); Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities of Spain (CGL2017-86926-P); Syngenta Philippines; UPSTREAM; LTSER (Val Mazia/Matschertal); Marie Sklodowska Curie Postdoctoral Fellowship (747607); National Science and Technology Base Resource Survey Project of China (2018FY100306); McKnight Foundation (14-168); Program of Fundamental Researches of Presidium of Russian Academy of Sciences (AAAA-A18-118021490070-5); Brazilian National Council of Research CNPq; and French Ministry of Foreign and European Affairs. Author contributions: H.R.P.P. led the analysis, data curation, and writing of the original manuscript draft. C.A.G. assisted in analyses and writing of the original manuscript draft. E.K.C. and N.E. revised subsequent manuscript drafts. J.v.d.H., D.R., and T.W.C. provided additional analyses. E.K.C., N.E., and M.P.T. acquired funding for the project. J.K., K.B.G., B.S., M.L.C.B., M.J.I.B., and G.B. contributed to data curation. H.R.P.P., C.A.G., M.L.C.B., M.J.I.B., G.B., O.F., A.O., E.M.B., J.B., U.B., T.D., F.T.d.V., B.K.-R., M.L., J.M., C.M., W.H.v.d.P., K.S.R., M.C.R., D.R., M.R., M.P.T., D.H.W., D.A.W., E.K.C., and N.E. contributed to the project conceptualization. All authors reviewed and edited the final draft manuscript. The majority of the authors provided data for the analyses. Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests. Data and materials availability: Data and analysis code are available on the iDiv Data repository (DOI: 10.25829/idiv.1804-5-2593) and GitHub (https://github.com/helenphillips/GlobalEWDiversity; DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.3386456).

Published
2019

13. Evaluating evolutionary pressures and phylogenetic signal in earthworms: a case study - the number of typhlosole lamellae in Hormogastridae (Annelida, Oligochaeta)

Author

Rosa Fernández, Irene de Sosa, Marta Novo, Dolores Trigo, Darío J. Díaz Cosín, and Daniel Fernández Marchán

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, 0301 basic medicine, Systematics, Phylogenetic tree, Typhlosole, Invertebrados, Zoology, Biodiversity, Phylogenetic comparative methods, Phenotypic trait, Evolutionary pressure, Biology, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, 03 medical and health sciences, 030104 developmental biology, Taxon, Adaptive radiation, Animal Science and Zoology, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Taxonomy
Abstract

Rarely have phylogenetic comparative methods been used to study the correlation between phenotypic traits and environmental variables in invertebrates. With the widespread convergence and conservativeness of the morphological characters used in earthworms, these comparative methods could be useful to improve our understanding of their evolution and systematics. One of the most prominent morphological characters in the family Hormogastridae, endemic to Mediterranean areas, is their multilamellar typhlosole, traditionally thought to be an adaptation to soils poor in nutrients. We tested the correlation of body size and soil characteristics with the number of typhlosole lamellae through a phylogenetic generalized least squares (PGLS) analysis. An ultrametric phylogenetic hypothesis was built with a 2580-bp DNA sequence from 90 populations, used in combination with three morphological and 11 soil variables. The best-supported model, based on the Akaike information criterion, was obtained by optimizing the parameters lambda (k), kappa (j), and delta (d). The phylogenetic signal was strong for the number of typhlosole lamellae and average body weight, and was lower for soil variables. Increasing body weight appeared to be the main evolutionary pressure behind the increase in the number of typhlosole lamellae, with soil texture and soil richness having a weaker but significant effect. Information on the evolutionary rate of the number of typhlosole lamellae suggested that the early evolution of this character could have strongly shaped its variability, as is found in an adaptive radiation. This work highlights the importance of implementing the phylogenetic comparative method to test evolutionary hypotheses in invertebrate taxa.

Published
2016

14. The efficiency of earthworm extraction methods is determined by species and soil properties in the Mediterranean communities of Central-Western Spain

Author

Gerardo Moreno, Dolores Trigo, Juan B. Jesús, Mónica Gutiérrez-López, E. Juárez, and Darío J. Díaz Cosín

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, 2. Zero hunger, Mediterranean climate, biology, Ecology, Range (biology), Biología, Earthworm, Invertebrados, Soil Science, Edafología, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, 15. Life on land, Soil type, biology.organism_classification, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Microbiology, Abundance (ecology), Insect Science, Soil water, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, Species richness, Aporrectodea rosea
Abstract

Given the well-known role of earthworms in the functioning and health of soils and whole ecosystems, feasible and reliable studies of their abundance and diversity in agricultural lands are essential for the effective design of best agricultural practices. However, previous work has shown that the extraction efficiency of different methods proposed seems to depend on species and size of earthworms and presumably on soil type, which makes creating an earthworm inventory difficult. In the present study, we compare the efficiency of five earthworm extraction methods combining hand-sorting with chemical expellants (hand-sorting, formalin, allyl isothiocyanate (AITC), formalin + hand-sorting and AITC + hand-sorting) over a wide range of soil properties (depth, texture and water regime) in cultivated and semi-natural habitats found in a Mediterranean region (CW-Spain). Sampling efficacy was measured in terms of number of earthworms extracted, taking into account different species, ecological groups, development stages, size of individuals, and soil properties. We found 20 species, only 6 endogeic and 1 anecic species being abundant. The anecic Aporrectodea trapezoides responded reasonably to chemical expellants, as did certain soil surface dwelling endogeic species (Microscolex phosphoreus and Microscolex dubius), with above 50% of specimens of these species sampled after chemical application. For other endogeic species, such as Allolobophora molleri and Aporrectodea rosea, chemical expellants gave poor results (

Published
2016

15. When sunscreens reach the soil: Impacts of a UV filter on the life cycle of earthworms

Author

Dolores Trigo, Silvia Casquero, Jose L. Martínez Guitarte, and Marta Novo

Subjects
Eisenia fetida, Contact test, Ecology, biology, Soil test, media_common.quotation_subject, Earthworm, Soil Science, UV filter, biology.organism_classification, Agricultural and Biological Sciences (miscellaneous), Toxicology, chemistry.chemical_compound, chemistry, Reproduction, media_common, EC50, Toxicant
Abstract

4-hydroxybenzophenone (4-OHBP) is a UV filter used in sunscreens, perfumery and containers for food products that may end up in soil. The impacts of 4-OHBP in earthworms (Eisenia fetida and Dendrobaena veneta) were investigated. To prove the consequence of its direct application on earthworms' epidermis, a contact test (48 h) was performed. Significant mortality was already observed at 4-OHBP concentrations of 2 mg ml−1 at 24 h, and juveniles showed higher mortality than matures at 0.2 and 0.02 mg ml−1. In order to investigate the effects in their natural habitat, a soil test was performed with mature earthworms. Results showed that reproduction success of E. fetida was impacted by the toxicant. The number of hatched juveniles (EC50 = 152.68 mg kg−1) and the number (EC50 = 94.05 mg kg−1) and weight of unhatched cocoons decreased with an increasing concentration of 4-OHBP. The LC50 for E. fetida at 28 days was 1800.12 mg kg−1, but LC50 and EC50 values could not be calculated for D. veneta adults because of lack of effect. For the latter, the soil test was continued with juveniles in a transgenerational study showing that their mortality increased with 4-OHBP concentrations above 10 mg kg−1 (LC50 = 72.02 mg kg−1 at 7 days and 19.49 mg kg−1 at 14 days). Results showed that 4-OHBP is harmful for both species, by causing reproduction decrease for E. fetida adults (F0) and mortality increase for D. veneta juveniles (F1). However, concentrations at which 4-OHBP affects earthworm populations are much higher than those reported in the environment, and therefore, there seems to be no risk for them, except in case of accidental spill.

Published
2020

16. Do cryptic species of earthworms affect soil arthropods differently? The case of the Carpetania elisae complex in the center of the Iberian Peninsula

Author

Mónica Gutiérrez López, María Isla García de Leaniz, and Dolores Trigo Aza

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, Species complex, media_common.quotation_subject, Soil Science, Biology, complex mixtures, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Microbiology, Competition (biology), Peninsula, Organic matter, Hormogaster elisae, media_common, chemistry.chemical_classification, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, Ecology, Earthworm, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, biology.organism_classification, chemistry, Insect Science, Soil water, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, Soil arthropods
Abstract

In recent years, it has been discovered that the endemic earthworm Carpetania elisae (formerly Hormogaster elisae) consists of a complex of at least six cryptic species. Studying the relationships between these new cryptic species and other soil animal communities may be important to understand their functional role in the soil, and eventually to detect possible differences that may help in the delimitation of these species. We have studied the effects of two of these cryptic species (species I from El Molar [Ce1] and species II from El Tomillar [Ce2]) on soil microarthropod communities. Several laboratory experiments were performed with both cryptic species, in the soils of both localities inhabited by these earthworm species, to determine their effects on soil microarthropod communities. Both earthworm species grew quite well throughout the experiment in their original soil, but while Ce1 grew up well when cultivated in the opposite soil from El Tomillar, Ce2 cultivated in the soil from El Molar survived but did not grow. Ce1 from El Molar showed a clear negative effect on microarthropods from El Molar and El Tomillar, whereas Ce2 from El Tomillar had a clear negative effect on soil microarthropods from its original soil but not on the ones from the opposite soil of El Molar. This paper demonstrates differences of both cryptic species on their effects on soil community, which suggest that they may play different roles in the soil system. Several mechanisms likely involved on the effect of earthworms on soil arthropods are discussed, being the competition for organic matter the most probable one in the case of these endogeic earthworms.

Published
2020

17. Predicting soil micro-variables and the distribution of an endogeic earthworm species through a model based on large-scale variables

Author

Marta Novo, Darío J. Díaz Cosín, Pablo Refoyo, Rosa Fernández, Dolores Trigo, and Daniel Fernández Marchán

Subjects
Geographic information system, business.industry, Ecology, Soil biology, Species distribution, Earthworm, Soil Science, Distribution (economics), Soil science, Biology, biology.organism_classification, Microbiology, Spatial ecology, Hormogaster elisae, business, Scale (map)
Abstract

Studies on spatial patterns of distributions of soil dwelling animals have usually relied on soil micro-variables or statistical analyses based on presence/absence data. Geographic Information Systems (GIS) allow easy access to large-scale variables to build species distribution models. In this study, we used MaxEnt to model the distribution of the endogeic earthworm Hormogaster elisae. Significant differences were found between the predicted suitability values of localities where the species was present and those where it was absent, validating the predictive model. Most of the large-scale training variables showed significant correlation with soil micro-variables known to influence the biology of the species, proving the ability of the model to predict (to an extent) soil variables from environmental ones. The methodology could be extended to other soil fauna.

Published
2015

18. Unearthing the historical biogeography of Mediterranean earthworms (Annelida: Hormogastridae)

Author

Dolores Trigo, Daniel Fernández Marchán, Darío J. Díaz Cosín, Gonzalo Giribet, Marta Novo, and Rosa Fernández

Subjects
Monophyly, Ecology, Phylogenetics, Range (biology), Biogeography, Vicariance, Biological dispersal, Context (language use), Biology, Mediterranean Basin, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
Abstract

Aim: The genetic diversity and distribution of earthworm species in the Mediterranean Basin has been influenced by their low vagility, as well as by the basin’s complex geological and climatic history. Within this context, our objective was to evaluate the evolutionary history of hormogastrid earthworms by exploring their phylogeny, reconstructing ancestral areas and identifying potential vicariance and dispersal events. Location: Western Mediterranean region, encompassing the geographical range of the family Hormogastridae (four genera, 30 species and subspecies). Methods: We sampled the easternmost area of the hormogastrid range and integrated 606 new sequences with all the molecular data available from previous studies on the westernmost area. Mitochondrial and nuclear markers were amplified and sequenced, and the hormogastrid phylogeny (using Bayesian and likelihood methods) and networks were investigated. Ancestral-area reconstructions were implemented in rasp. Results: Ancestral-area reconstructions provided similar results for alternative phylogenetic hypotheses, placing the origin of Hormogastridae between southern France and the north-eastern Iberian Peninsula, and highlighting north–central Sardinia as a key ancestral area for diversification of eastern Hormogastridae (Hormogaster redii and H. samnitica). Multiple vicariance and dispersal events were detected, indicating a complex evolutionary history. Sardinian populations of H. samnitica and H. redii were not monophyletic but were related to populations from other areas, suggesting that Sardinia is a more complex biogeographical region than anticipated. Our results identified a phylogenetic relationship between the southern Sardinian fauna and that of Sicily, as well as relationships between the fauna of north-eastern Sardinia and those of the Italian Peninsula and the Tuscan Archipelago. Main conclusions: Our results suggest a complex evolutionary history for hormogastrid earthworms, showing the possibility of many dispersal and vicariance events and multiple faunal interchanges between land-masses, which may reflect the biogeographical complexity of the Mediterranean Basin.

Published
2014

19. Earthworm abundance response to conservation agriculture practices in organic arable farming under Mediterranean climate

Author

Paola Baldivieso-Freitas, F.X. Sans, José M. Blanco-Moreno, Joséphine Peigné, Dolores Trigo-Aza, Mónica Gutiérrez-López, and Alejandro Pérez-Ferrer

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, business.product_category, Soil biology, Soil Science, Biology, 01 natural sciences, Plough, Green manure, Organic matter, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, 2. Zero hunger, chemistry.chemical_classification, Composting and manuring, Earthworm, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, 15. Life on land, Crop rotation, biology.organism_classification, Soil tillage, Tillage, Crop combinations and interactions, chemistry, Agronomy, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, Organic farming, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, business, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract

Earthworms are one of the most important soil macrofaunal groups, and they play a major role in agricultural ecosystems. Agricultural practices, such as reduced tillage, the use of green manures and organic fertilization, can be beneficial for earthworm populations in agricultural systems. However, under a Mediterranean climate, not much is known regarding their response to agricultural management. The aim of this study was to analyse the effects of tillage type, organic fertilization, and green manures on the density and biomass of earthworms in organic arable dryland. The trial was conducted in a four-year crop rotation with a complete factorial design that combined tillage system (mouldboard ploughing vs. chisel), fertilization (composted farmyard manure vs. no fertilizer) and green manures (green manures vs. no green manures). Earthworms were assessed in each plot by the extraction of all individuals in three soil areas of 33 cm × 33 cm that were excavated to a depth of 25 cm. Only five earthworm species were found in this trial, and the earthworm community was dominated by such endogeic ecotypes as Aporrectodea rosea and Allolobophora georgii, and the anecic ecotype Aporrectodea trapezoides. Endogeic species can benefit from soil inversion because of the incorporation of organic matter, but the anecic ones can be negatively affected by it. The results show that plots with farmyard manure had higher density and biomass of earthworms. We observed that the type of tillage significantly affected earthworm populations: plots that had been ploughed with mouldboard ploughing (soil inversion) the year prior to sampling presented more juveniles. The biomass of earthworms was significantly lower in plots with green manures and chiselling. Our results indicated that the combination of chiselling and green manures were not optimal for earthworm populations, but organic fertilization played a considerably more important role and enhanced their abundances.

Published
2017

20. Bisphenol A in artificial soil: Effects on growth, reproduction and immunity in earthworms

Author

José-Luis Martínez-Guitarte, Dolores Trigo, Marta Novo, and I. Verdú

Subjects
endocrine system, Eisenia fetida, Environmental Engineering, Biosolids, Soil test, Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis, Soil biology, media_common.quotation_subject, 010501 environmental sciences, Biology, 01 natural sciences, Toxicology, chemistry.chemical_compound, Soil, Nutrient, Phenols, Species Specificity, Environmental Chemistry, Animals, Soil Pollutants, Benzhydryl Compounds, Oligochaeta, Coelomocyte, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, media_common, Dose-Response Relationship, Drug, Reproduction, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, General Medicine, General Chemistry, biology.organism_classification, Pollution, chemistry, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, Xenobiotic
Abstract

The application of biosolids in agricultural fields is increasing annually. They contain not only nutrients but also xenobiotics, such as Bisphenol A (BPA). These compounds are not regulated in the use of biosolids in agriculture, which highlights the need to assess their effects on soil life, of which earthworms are most abundant of the animal representatives. In this study the effect of BPA on life-history parameters, such as mortality, growth and reproduction, and on immunity, is evaluated for Dendrobaena veneta and Eisenia fetida. Sublethal concentrations were evaluated by a modified OECD artificial soil test. Decline in growth with increasing concentration of BPA was detected during the first two weeks and the opposite effect for the next two, although these differences were only significant at the highest concentration. Reproduction traits were only significantly different for E. fetida, for which the number of juveniles decreased at higher concentrations, thus showing different sensitivity in both species. By using a contact test, the potentially harmful effect of direct contact with BPA was shown to be much higher than in soil (resembling natural) conditions. Finally, results indicate that BPA may not affect the immune system of these animals, at least in terms of coelomocyte viability.

Published
2017

21. Does the invasion of the exotic tree Ailanthus altissima affect the soil arthropod community? The case of a riparian forest of the Henares River (Madrid)

Author

Mónica Gutiérrez-López, Dolores Trigo, Ester Ranera, Rosa Fernández, and Marta Novo

Subjects
Ailanthus altissima, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, biology, Ecology, Soil biology, Biodiversity, Soil Science, Introduced species, biology.organism_classification, Microbiology, Insect Science, Ailanthus, Oribatida, Symphypleona, Riparian zone
Abstract

Invasive species are a major threat to global biodiversity because they alter the functioning of affected ecosystems by displacing the native vegetation and fauna. This study evaluated the effect of the invasive species Ailanthus altissima on soil properties and the microarthropod community, compared to the native species Populus nigra. Soil samples were taken in riparian forests, an ecosystem with high risk of colonisation by invasive tree species, on a stretch of the Henares River (Madrid, Spain) under the canopy of both tree species. In addition, controlled laboratory experiments were performed to evaluate the effects of litter on the arthropod community. Some groups of springtails (Entomobryomorpha, Poduromorpha and Symphypleona), mites (Gamasida and some Oribatida) and other arthropods groups (spiders, pseudoscorpionids, isopods and insects) were more abundant under the native species, while Actinedida mites were more abundant under ailanthus. Differences in porosity, pH and organic matter content were also observed between soils. In the laboratory experiments, the Arthropleona springtails and a few Oribatida mites preferred poplar leaf extract, and the Actinedida mites preferred ailanthus leaves. The invasion of A. altissima could be influencing soil fauna through their litter and also could be changing several soil properties which consequently affect soil microarthropod communities. This study reveals the clear disturbance of ecosystems that the invasion by exotic species produces at many levels of the soil system.

Published
2014

22. Integration of ecological impacts by invasive exotic plants: a methodological approach

Author

Alvaro Alonso Fernández, Dolores Trigo Aza, Mónica Gutiérrez López, Beatriz R. Vázquez de Aldana, Silvia Medina Villar, Esther Pérez Corona, Pilar Castro-Díez, and Paloma de las Heras Puñal

Subjects
Ailanthus altissima, Ecology, biology, Impact assessment, Robinia, Heras, Forestry, biology.organism_classification, Ulmus pumila, Geography, Community or, Consistency index, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Ecosystem level
Abstract

Castro-Diez, P., Alonso, A., Gutierrez-Lopez, M., de las Heras, P., Medina-Villar, S., Perez-Corona, E., Trigo, D., Vazquez de Aldana, B.R. 2015. Integration of ecological impacts by invasive exotic plants: a methodological approach. Ecosistemas 24(1): 12-17. Doi.: 10.7818/ECOS.2015.24-1.03 In Spain as in Europe there are too many invasive alien plants to address their management, so it is necessary to give priority to the most harmful species. But this requires the use of quantitative, systematic and comparable impact measures. The information available is uneven in terms of the criteria and variables to measure impacts and, therefore, difficult to integrate. We propose the following method to integrate measures of impacts from different studies: 1) search for case studies, 2) calculation of effect sizes; 3) classification of cases by level of organization, 4) integration of all effect sizes for each species and level of impact with meta-analysis techniques, and 5) estimate a consistency index (based on the heterogeneity among cases) and of reliability (based on the number of cases). We apply this method to estimate the impacts in Spain of three invasive trees ( Ailanthus altissima, Robinia pseudoacaci a and Ulmus pumila ). We found 50 cases for A. altissima , 39 for R. pseudoacacia and 15 for U. pumila . The impacts at the ecosystem level (fertility) were the most studied, while the community or the individual level are less documented. Robinia pseudoacacia tends to increase fertility, while A. altissima does not alter this property. The proposed methodology has the advantage of allowing an impact assessment using data from disparate studies, but its application is limited by the availability of case studies.

Published
2014

23. Soil functionality at the roadside: Zooming in on a microarthropod community in an anthropogenic soil

Author

Mónica Gutiérrez-López, María Dolores Jiménez, Sandra Magro, Luis Balaguer, Dolores Trigo, Miguel A. Casado, and Ignacio Mola

Subjects
Soil management, Soil health, Environmental Engineering, Soil series, Ecology, Soil biodiversity, Soil functions, Soil organic matter, Environmental science, Soil carbon, Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law, Soil quality, Nature and Landscape Conservation
Abstract

a b s t r a c t Earth movements for road construction give rise to nutrient-poor anthrosols. Early onset of soil processes in these environments has been reported on the basis of plant cover establishment. Evidences of full soil functionality, however, would reveal the emergence of a self-sustainable ecosystem on these man- made substrates. The aims of the present study involved (1) assessing soil functionality on six-year-old road embankments by means of the QBS index, based on microarthropod communities (2) elucidating soil properties responsible for the composition of soil microartrhopod communities, and (3) exploring the practical implications of soil quality for road embankment management. Road embankments were functional with QBS values comparable to those found in natural systems (>100). Soil quality in these environments depended on soil organic carbon dynamics. Among the 36 arthropod groups found, Acari and Collembola dominated the soil community. Variation in microarthropod community composition was best explained by higher abundances of Brachypilina (Oribatida, Acari) and Symphypleona (Collembola). These trends in soil community structure were intimately linked to soil organic carbon content, clay content and humidity. Given its relevance, the acknowledgment of the early functionality attained by these roadside anthrosols should lead to the revision of current protocols for roadslope monitoring and management.

Published
2013

24. Farmland biodiversity and agricultural management on 237 farms in 13 European and 2 African regions

Author

Gisela, Lüscher, Youssef, Ammari, Aljona, Andriets, Siyka, Angelova, Michaela, Arndorfer, Debra, Bailey, Katalin, Balázs, Marion, Bogers, Bunce, Robert G. H., Jean Philippe Choisis, Peter, Dennis, Mario, Díaz, Tetyana, Dyman, Sebastian, Eiter, Wendy, Fjellstad, Mariecia, Fraser, Friedel, Jürgen K., Salah, Garchi, Geijzendorffer, Ilse R., Tiziano, Gomiero, Guillermo González Bornay, Yana, Guteva, Philippe, Jeanneret, Jongman, Rob H. G., Max, Kainz, Norman, Kwikiriza, María Lourdes López Díaz, Gerardo, Moreno, Pip Nicholas Davies, Charles, Nkwiine, Julius, Opio, Paoletti, Maurizio G., László, Podmaniczky, Philippe, Pointereau, Fernando, Pulido, Jean Pierre Sarthou, Schneider, Manuel K., Tahar, Sghaier, Norman, Siebrecht, Siyka, Stoyanova, Sebastian, Wolfrum, Sergiy, Yashchenko, Harald, Albrecht, András, Báldi, Márta, Belényesi, Jacinto Benhadi Marin, Theo, Blick, Serge, Buholzer, Csaba, Centeri, Norma, Choisis, Gérard, Cuendet, De Lange, Hendrika J., Sylvain, Déjean, Christo, Deltshev, Díaz Cosín, Darío J., Wenche, Dramstad, Zoltán, Elek, Gunnar, Engan, Konstantin, Evtushenko, Eszter, Falusi, Finch, Oliver D., Thomas, Frank, Federico, Gavinelli, David, Genoud, Gillingham, Phillipa K., Viktor, Grónás, Mónica, Gutiérrez, Werner, Häusler, Xaver, Heer, Thomas, Hübner, Isaia, Marco, Gergely, Jerkovich, Jesus, Juan B., Esezah, Kakudidi, Eszter, Kelemen, Nóra, Koncz, Eszter, Kovacs, Anikó Kovács Hostyánszki, Luisa, Last, Toshko, Ljubomirov, Klaus, Mandery, Josef, Mayr, Atle, Mjelde, Christoph, Muster, Juri, Nascimbene, Johann, Neumayer, Frode, Ødegaard, Francisco Javier Ortiz Sánchez, Marie Louise Oschatz, Susanne Papaja Hülsbergen, Paschetta, Mauro, Mark, Pavett, Céline, Pelosi, Károly, Penksza, Reidun, Pommeresche, Victor, Popov, Volodymyr, Radchenko, Nina, Richner, Susanne, Riedel, John, Scullion, Daniele, Sommaggio, Ottó, Szalkovszki, Erich, Szerencsits, Dolores, Trigo, Jim, Vale, Ruud van Kats, Angel, Vasilev, Whittington, Andrew E., Jerylee Wilkes Allemann, and Tommaso, Zanetti

Subjects
permanent crop, habitat diversity, Tunisia, arable crop, agricultural management, Earthworm, agricultural management, arable crop, bee, BioBio, Earthworm, Grassland, habitat diversity, permanent crop, spider, Tunisia, Uganda, vascular plant, vascular plant, Uganda, BioBio, bee, Grassland, spider
Published
2016

25. Farmland biodiversity and agricultural management on 237 farms in 13 European and two African regions

Author

Gisela Lüscher, Youssef Ammari, Aljona Andriets, Siyka Angelova, Michaela Arndorfer, Debra Bailey, Katalin Balázs, Marion Bogers, Robert G. H. Bunce, Jean-Philippe Choisis, Peter Dennis, Mario Díaz, Tetyana Dyman, Sebastian Eiter, Wendy Fjellstad, Mariecia Fraser, Jürgen K. Friedel, Salah Garchi, Ilse R. Geijzendorffer, Tiziano Gomiero, Guillermo González-Bornay, Yana Guteva, Felix Herzog, Philippe Jeanneret, Rob H. G. Jongman, Max Kainz, Norman Kwikiriza, María Lourdes López Díaz, Gerardo Moreno, Pip Nicholas-Davies, Charles Nkwiine, Julius Opio, Maurizio G. Paoletti, László Podmaniczky, Philippe Pointereau, Fernando Pulido, Jean-Pierre Sarthou, Manuel K. Schneider, Tahar Sghaier, Norman Siebrecht, Siyka Stoyanova, Sebastian Wolfrum, Sergiy Yashchenko, Harald Albrecht, András Báldi, Márta Belényesi, Jacinto Benhadi-Marin, Theo Blick, Serge Buholzer, Csaba Centeri, Norma Choisis, Gérard Cuendet, Hendrika J. De Lange, Sylvain Déjean, Christo Deltshev, Darío J. Díaz Cosín, Wenche Dramstad, Zoltán Elek, Gunnar Engan, Konstantin Evtushenko, Eszter Falusi, Oliver-D. Finch, Thomas Frank, Federico Gavinelli, David Genoud, Phillipa K. Gillingham, Viktor Grónás, Mónica Gutiérrez, Werner Häusler, Xaver Heer, Thomas Hübner, Marco Isaia, Gergely Jerkovich, Juan B. Jesus, Esezah Kakudidi, Eszter Kelemen, Nóra Koncz, Eszter Kovacs, Anikó Kovács-Hostyánszki, Luisa Last, Toshko Ljubomirov, Klaus Mandery, Josef Mayr, Atle Mjelde, Christoph Muster, Juri Nascimbene, Johann Neumayer, Frode Ødegaard, Francisco Javier Ortiz Sánchez, Marie-Louise Oschatz, Susanne Papaja-Hülsbergen, Mauro Paschetta, Mark Pavett, Céline Pelosi, Károly Penksza, Reidun Pommeresche, Victor Popov, Volodymyr Radchenko, Nina Richner, Susanne Riedel, John Scullion, Daniele Sommaggio, Ottó Szalkovszki, Erich Szerencsits, Dolores Trigo, Jim Vale, Ruud van Kats, Angel Vasilev, Andrew E. Whittington, Jerylee Wilkes-Allemann, Tommaso Zanetti, Institute for Sustainability Sciences ISS, Agroscope, Institute of Evolutionary Biology & Environmental Sciences, University of Zurich, Institut National de Recherche en Génie Rural, Eaux et Forêts de Tunisie (INRGREF), Bila Tserkva National Agrarian University, Institute of Plant Genetic Resources K.Malkov, Universität für Bodenkultur Wien [Vienne, Autriche] (BOKU), Institute of Environmental and Landscape Management, Szent István University, Wageningen University and Research Center (WUR), Dynamiques Forestières dans l'Espace Rural (DYNAFOR), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure Agronomique de Toulouse-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences (IBERS), Aberystwyth University, Department of Chemical Engineering and Environmental Technology, Universidad de Oviedo, Norwegian Forest and Landscape Institute, Independent, Institut méditerranéen de biodiversité et d'écologie marine et continentale (IMBE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UMR237-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Avignon Université (AU), University of Padova, Alterra, Wageningen University and Research Centre [Wageningen] (WUR), Technische Universitat Munchen, Makerere University Kampala (MUK), University of Extremadura, Department of Soil Science, Department of Biology, University of Washington [Seattle], Institute of Environmental & Landscape Management, Szent Istvan University, SOLAGRO, UMR : AGroécologie, Innovations, TeRritoires, Ecole Nationale Supérieure Agronomique de Toulouse, MTA Centre for Ecological Research, Senckenberg Research Institute, Chercheur indépendant, Institut de Génie de l'environnement EPFL, Université de Lausanne, Conservatoire Régional des Espaces Naturels Midi-Pyrénées (CREN Midi-Pyrénées), Universidad Complutense de Madrid [Madrid] (UCM), Alterra Green World Research (ALTERRA), nstitute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Science, Norwegian Institute for Nature Research (NINA), Ecologie fonctionnelle et écotoxicologie des agroécosystèmes (ECOSYS), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, Tänikon Research Station ART, UE, Universität Zürich [Zürich] = University of Zurich (UZH), Institut National de Recherche en Génie Rural Eaux et Forêts (INRGREF), Ecole Nationale du Génie Rural, des Eaux et des Forêts (ENGREF)-Institution de la Recherche et de l'Enseignement Supérieur Agricoles [Tunis] (IRESA), Universität für Bodenkultur Wien = University of Natural Resources and Life [Vienne, Autriche] (BOKU), Wageningen University and Research [Wageningen] (WUR), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-École nationale supérieure agronomique de Toulouse (ENSAT), Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT), Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC)-Aberystwyth University, Universidad de Oviedo [Oviedo], Avignon Université (AU)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UMR237-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Università degli Studi di Padova = University of Padua (Unipd), Technische Universität Munchen - Université Technique de Munich [Munich, Allemagne] (TUM), Association Solagro (Solagro), AGroécologie, Innovations, teRritoires (AGIR), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Lausanne = University of Lausanne (UNIL), Universidad Complutense de Madrid = Complutense University of Madrid [Madrid] (UCM), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-École nationale supérieure agronomique de Toulouse [ENSAT]-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Lüscher, Gisela, Ammari, Youssef, Andriets, Aljona, Angelova, Siyka, Arndorfer, Michaela, Bailey, Debra, Balázs, Katalin, Bogers, Marion, Bunce, Robert G H, Choisis, Jean-Philippe, Dennis, Peter, Díaz, Mario, Dyman, Tetyana, Eiter, Sebastian, Fjellstad, Wendy, Fraser, Mariecia, Friedel, Jürgen K, Garchi, Salah, Geijzendorffer, Ilse R, Gomiero, Tiziano, González-Bornay, Guillermo, Guteva, Yana, Herzog, Felix, Jeanneret, Philippe, Jongman, Rob H G, Kainz, Max, Kwikiriza, Norman, López Díaz, María Lourde, Moreno, Gerardo, Nicholas-Davies, Pip, Nkwiine, Charle, Opio, Juliu, Paoletti, Maurizio G, Podmaniczky, László, Pointereau, Philippe, Pulido, Fernando, Sarthou, Jean-Pierre, Schneider, Manuel K, Sghaier, Tahar, Siebrecht, Norman, Stoyanova, Siyka, Wolfrum, Sebastian, Yashchenko, Sergiy, Albrecht, Harald, Báldi, Andrá, Belényesi, Márta, Benhadi-Marin, Jacinto, Blick, Theo, Buholzer, Serge, Centeri, Csaba, Choisis, Norma, Cuendet, Gérard, De Lange, Hendrika J, Déjean, Sylvain, Deltshev, Christo, Díaz Cosín, Darío J, Dramstad, Wenche, Elek, Zoltán, Engan, Gunnar, Evtushenko, Konstantin, Falusi, Eszter, Finch, Oliver-D, Frank, Thoma, Gavinelli, Federico, Genoud, David, Gillingham, Phillipa K, Grónás, Viktor, Gutiérrez, Mónica, Häusler, Werner, Heer, Xaver, Hübner, Thoma, Isaia, Marco, Jerkovich, Gergely, Jesus, Juan B, Kakudidi, Esezah, Kelemen, Eszter, Koncz, Nóra, Kovacs, Eszter, Kovács-Hostyánszki, Anikó, Last, Luisa, Ljubomirov, Toshko, Mandery, Klau, Mayr, Josef, Mjelde, Atle, Muster, Christoph, Nascimbene, Juri, Neumayer, Johann, Ødegaard, Frode, Ortiz Sánchez, Francisco Javier, Oschatz, Marie-Louise, Papaja-Hülsbergen, Susanne, Paschetta, Mauro, Pavett, Mark, Pelosi, Céline, Penksza, Károly, Pommeresche, Reidun, Popov, Victor, Radchenko, Volodymyr, Richner, Nina, Riedel, Susanne, Scullion, John, Sommaggio, Daniele, Szalkovszki, Ottó, Szerencsits, Erich, Trigo, Dolore, Vale, Jim, van Kats, Ruud, Vasilev, Angel, Whittington, Andrew E, Wilkes-Allemann, Jerylee, and Zanetti, Tommaso

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, Vascular plant, habitat diversity, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, biobio, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Biodiversity, 01 natural sciences, Permanent crop, Biodiversiteit en Beleid, Uganda, earthworm, spider, 2. Zero hunger, Agroforestry, Ecology, vascular plant, Agriculture, Bees, Habitat diversity, Grassland, Europe, Geography, Dierecologie, Animal Ecology, Arable land, BioBio, Environmental Monitoring, Crops, Agricultural, Farms, Tunisia, arable crop, agricultural management, education, Tunesia, Biodiversity and Policy, 010603 evolutionary biology, Agricultural management, uganda, bee, grassland, permanent crop, Animals, Spider, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Ecosystem, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Farm enterprise, WIMEK, business.industry, Species diversity, 15. Life on land, tunisia, Animal ecology, Earthworm, Arable crop, Africa, Agricultural biodiversity, business
Abstract

Farmland is a major land cover type in Europe and Africa and provides habitat for numerous species. The severe decline in farmland biodiversity of the last decades has been attributed to changes in farming practices, and organic and low-input farming are assumed to mitigate detrimental effects of agricultural intensification on biodiversity. Since the farm enterprise is the primary unit of agricultural decision making, management-related effects at the field scale need to be assessed at the farm level. Therefore, in this study, data were collected on habitat characteristics, vascular plant, earthworm, spider, and bee communities and on the corresponding agricultural management in 237 farms in 13 European and two African regions. In 15 environmental and agricultural homogeneous regions, 6-20 farms with the same farm type (e.g., arable crops, grassland, or specific permanent crops) were selected. If available, an equal number of organic and non-organic farms were randomly selected. Alternatively, farms were sampled along a gradient of management intensity. For all selected farms, the entire farmed area was mapped, which resulted in total in the mapping of 11 338 units attributed to 194 standardized habitat types, provided together with additional descriptors. On each farm, one site per available habitat type was randomly selected for species diversity investigations. Species were sampled on 2115 sites and identified to the species level by expert taxonomists. Species lists and abundance estimates are provided for each site and sampling date (one date for plants and earthworms, three dates for spiders and bees). In addition, farmers provided information about their management practices in face-to-face interviews following a standardized questionnaire. Farm management indicators for each farm are available (e.g., nitrogen input, pesticide applications, or energy input). Analyses revealed a positive effect of unproductive areas and a negative effect of intensive management on biodiversity. Communities of the four taxonomic groups strongly differed in their response to habitat characteristics, agricultural management, and regional circumstances. The data has potential for further insights into interactions of farmland biodiversity and agricultural management at site, farm, and regional scale.

Published
2016

26. Appearances can be deceptive: different diversification patterns within a group of Mediterranean earthworms (Oligochaeta, Hormogastridae)

Author

Gonzalo Giribet, Ana Almodóvar, Marta Novo, Dolores Trigo, Darío J. Díaz-Cosín, and Rosa Fernández

Subjects
Species complex, Ecology, media_common.quotation_subject, Context (language use), Biology, Gene flow, Speciation, Taxon, Genus, Genetics, Clade, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, media_common, Invertebrate
Abstract

Many recent studies on invertebrates have shown how morphology not always captures the true diversity of taxa, with cryptic speciation often being discussed in this context. Here, we show how diversification patterns can be very different in two clades of closely related earthworms in the genus Hormogaster stressing the risk of using nonspecific substitution rate values across taxa. On the one hand, the Hormogaster elisae species complex, endemic to the central Iberian Peninsula, shows morphological stasis. On the other hand, a clade of Hormogaster from the NE Iberian Peninsula shows an enormous morphological variability, with 15 described morphospecies. The H. elisae complex, however, evolves faster genetically, and this could be explained by the harsher environmental conditions to which it is confined—as detected in this study, that is, sandier and slightly poorer soils with lower pH values than those of the other species in the family. These extreme conditions could be at the same time limiting morphological evolution and thus be responsible for the observed morphological stasis in this clade. Contrarily, Hormogaster species from the NE Iberian Peninsula, although still inhabiting harsher milieu than other earthworm groups, have had the opportunity to evolve into a greater morphological disparity. An attempt to delimit species within this group following the recently proposed general mixed Yule-coalescent method showed a higher number of entities than expected under the morphospecies concept, most probably due to the low vagility of these animals, which considerably limits gene flow between distant conspecific populations, but also because of the decoupling between morphological and genetic evolution in the H. elisae complex.

Published
2012

27. Movement response of Collembola to the excreta of two earthworm species: Importance of ammonium content and nitrogen forms

Author

Dolores Trigo, Mónica Gutiérrez-López, and Sandrine Salmon

Subjects
Ecological niche, food.ingredient, biology, Soil biology, Fauna, Earthworm, Soil Science, biology.organism_classification, Microbiology, chemistry.chemical_compound, food, chemistry, Oligochaeta, Botany, Aporrectodea, Soil ecology, Ammonium
Abstract

Several studies reported variable effects of earthworms on microarthropod density and variety. The present study tests the attraction of seven collembolan species belonging to four families, to the excreta of two earthworm species belonging to two families and two ecological categories, Aporrectodea giardi and Hormogaster elisae. Our objectives were (1) to better understand the impact of earthworms on the composition and density of Collembola communities, and (2) to dissect mechanisms involved in the attraction. Experiments were performed in Petri dishes containing two half-disks of filter paper, one with earthworm excreta, i.e. casts or a mix of mucus and urine, and the other with natural soil aggregates or water, respectively. Collembola were introduced half-way between the two half-disks and their number was counted on each half-disk and compared over 140 min. The content of ammonium in casts and mucus-urine of both earthworm species was analyzed to determine whether it altered the responses of Collembola faced with different types of earthworm excreta. The behaviour of Collembola varied strongly among the seven collembolan species, and with type of excreta and earthworm species. Six collembolan species were attracted to the mucus and urine of at least one earthworm species. The mucus-urine mixture of A. giardi, with low ammonium content, was generally more attractive than that of H. elisae, which was even repulsive in some cases, probably because of high levels of ammonium. The attraction to casts of the two earthworm species was less frequent and more variable. Folsomia candida was neither attracted to the casts nor to the mucus and urine of any earthworm species. Therefore, (1) earthworm species with different ecology, and different nitrogen excretion pathway impact differently the behaviour of collembolan species belonging to the same family or arising from the same habitat, and (2) variations in the sensitivity to ammonium among collembolan species partially explain the variable response of Collembola to earthworm excreta.

Published
2011

28. Relationships among spatial distribution of soil microarthropods, earthworm species and soil properties

Author

Mónica Gutiérrez-López, Darío J. Díaz-Cosín, Dolores Trigo, Marta Novo, Juan B. Jesús, and Rosa Fernández

Subjects
biology, Ecology, Soil biology, Earthworm, Soil Science, Common spatial pattern, Geostatistics, Index of dispersion, Spatial distribution, biology.organism_classification, Entomobryidae, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Isotomidae
Abstract

This paper examines the spatial distribution pattern of earthworm species and microarthropod groups, with the aim of detecting and explaining the relationships between them. Microarthropods and earthworms were sampled at 42 uniformly distributed points, with physical and chemical analyses performed at each site as well. Distribution patterns were described using geostatistical tools. Aggregation of populations, determined using a dispersion index, showed that all soil groups presented clumped distributions. Geostatistical analysis indicated that soil groups were spatially auto-correlated and facilitated a description of the spatial pattern of each group. Cross-semivariograms showed cross-correlation of different types (either negative or positive) between various groups of microarthropods and some earthworm species. Mantel tests were used to assess these correlations and to determine whether the relationships were true or spurious. Partial Mantel tests confirmed positive relationships between H. elisae – Isotomidae and A. trapezoides – Entomobryidae and negative relationships between H. elisae – Poduromorpha, H. elisae – other arthropods and A. rosea – Gamasida. No true relationships were found between fauna distribution and soil physical/chemical properties. Different earthworm species influenced each microarthropod group in diverse ways showing complex relationships between them. Additional manipulative experiments are necessary to unravel the processes affecting the specific patterns observed in the present study.

Published
2010

29. Cryptic speciation of hormogastrid earthworms revealed by mitochondrial and nuclear data

Author

Darío J. Díaz Cosín, Ana Almodóvar, Rosa Fernández, Dolores Trigo, and Marta Novo

Subjects
Species complex, Genetic Speciation, media_common.quotation_subject, Population, Allopatric speciation, Biology, DNA, Mitochondrial, Evolution, Molecular, Soil, Species Specificity, Genetics, Animals, Oligochaeta, education, Molecular Biology, Phylogeny, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, media_common, Isolation by distance, Cell Nucleus, Likelihood Functions, education.field_of_study, Genetic diversity, Models, Genetic, Ecology, Genetic Variation, Bayes Theorem, Sequence Analysis, DNA, humanities, Speciation, Genetics, Population, Haplotypes, Genetic distance, Spain, Evolutionary biology
Abstract

Species delimitation of earthworms has been difficult to determine with certainty due to their structural simplicity. We sequenced fragments of COI, 16S, t-RNAs and 28S for 202 Hormogastridae individuals from the central Iberian Peninsula and three outgroup taxa. A morphological constancy was found but a high genetic diversity suggests the presence of five cryptic allopatric species. Results showed a pattern of isolation by distance and a positive but weak correlation between some soil properties (coarse sand and total loam content) and genetic distances, which indicates that these populations may have been shaped genetically but not morphologically, by the environment.

Published
2010

30. The influence of Hormogaster elisae (Oligochaeta, Hormogastridae) on the colonisation of defaunated soil by microarthropods in laboratory cultures

Author

Dolores Trigo Aza, Mónica Gutiérrez López, Juan B. Jesús Lidón, Darío J. Díaz Cosín, and Rosa Fernández García

Subjects
chemistry.chemical_classification, Defaunation, Ecology, Soil biology, Soil organic matter, Soil Science, Biology, biology.organism_classification, Ecosystem engineer, Agronomy, chemistry, Oligochaeta, Organic matter, Microcosm, Oribatida, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
Abstract

Summary Controversy surrounds the effect of earthworms on soil microarthropod abundance and distribution. To shed further light on the topic, the present work investigated the capacity of soil microarthropods to colonise defaunated soil in the presence and absence of earthworms. Microcosms composed of plastic boxes were prepared with a central cage containing two endogeic earthworms (Hormogaster elisae). In one experiment, the cage contained defaunated natural soil while that outside was non-defaunated. In a second experiment, the soil outside the cage was defaunated while that inside the cage was non-defaunated. All microcosms were kept at 13 °C with 20% soil–water content for 21 days before extracting microarthropods for enumeration by standard methods. In the first experiment, the majority of microarthropod groups were not able to colonise the defaunated soil containing earthworms, but did colonise it when earthworms were absent. In the second experiment, nearly all the microarthropod groups left the central cages containing earthworms, while in the controls without earthworms the majority stayed inside. The results indicate that different microarthropod taxa are affected unequally by the presence of the earthworms. Due to their greater mobility Tarsonemidae and sometimes Gamasida were able to colonise the defaunated soil even when earthworms were present. In contrast, Oribatida, members of which disperse slowly and are very sensitive to soil perturbations, were generally unable to colonise the soil whether earthworms were present or not. However, the presence of H. elisae had a negative effect on the numbers of most groups of microarthropods and on their ability to colonise new environments. Physico-chemical perturbations produced by endogeic earthworms acting as ecosystem engineers, competition for organic matter and passive predation are discussed as possible causes of this negative effect.

Published
2009

31. Is there food competition between Hormogaster elisae (Oligochaeta, Hormogastridae) and soil microarthropods at El Molar (Madrid)?

Author

Darío J. Díaz Cosín, Juan B. Jesús Lidón, Marta Rodriguez, Dolores Trigo Aza, and Mónica Gutiérrez López

Subjects
chemistry.chemical_classification, Topsoil, biology, Soil biology, Earthworm, Soil Science, biology.organism_classification, Microbiology, chemistry, Agronomy, Oligochaeta, Insect Science, Soil water, Botany, Soil horizon, Organic matter, Microcosm
Abstract

In a previous paper [M. Gutierrez, M. Ramajo, J.B. Jesus, D.J. Diaz, The effect of Hormogaster elisae (Hormogastridae) on the abundance of soil Collembola and Acari in laboratory cultures, Biol. Fertil. Soils 37 (2003) 231–236] we reported the negative effect of the earthworm Hormogaster elisae on microarthropods at El Molar (Madrid, Spain). This paper examines the possibility of food competition existing between them in laboratory cultures. Microcosms were constructed from plastic boxes and a cage made from 2 mm mesh, with two earthworms inside, was placed at the centre of each. The soil of the cage was enriched with defaunated soil sieved to 0.2 mm or with defaunated, homogenised topsoil (first 3 cm) to increase the quantity of organic matter. In the controls, earthworms were absent from both microcosm compartments. The microcosms were kept at 15 °C for 21 days before being dismantled and the microarthropods extracted using the Berlese–Tulgren method, identified and counted. The numbers inside and outside the cages were then compared, and the data obtained were subjected to analysis of variance (ANOVA). In the microcosms enriched with the ≤0.2 mm soil fraction, nearly all the microarthropods decreased in number inside the cages, when earthworms were present despite containing extra organic matter. In the controls, no significant differences were seen between the compartments, suggesting that these particles are not used as a food source by microarthropods. In the microcosms enriched with homogenised topsoil, the microarthropods were just as numerous in both compartments or indeed even more numerous inside the cage. This shows that this material nullifies the negative effect of earthworms on microarthropod numbers. The soil horizons closest to the surface might provide food resources used by both groups, for which they compete.

Published
2008

32. Selective feeding of the earthworm Hormogaster elisae (Oligochaeta, Hormogastridae) in laboratory culture

Author

Dolores Trigo, Darío J. Díaz Cosín, Marta Ramajo, Juan B. Jesús, and M. Pilar Ruiz

Subjects
chemistry.chemical_classification, biology, Ecology, Soil biology, Soil organic matter, Earthworm, Soil Science, Fraction (chemistry), Fractionation, biology.organism_classification, Microbiology, chemistry, Oligochaeta, Insect Science, Environmental chemistry, Soil water, Organic matter
Abstract

Selective feeding of the earthworm Hormogaster elisae was investigated by granulometric analysis, chemical fractionation and physical fractionation of the soil in which representatives were cultivated, and of their casts. H. elisae behaved as an endogeic species, mainly consuming soil from which it weakly but positively selected the organic fractions of greatest size (mainly free organic matter) and negatively selected the largest mineral fraction (coarse sand). No significant selection of intermediate size fractions was recorded. The 0-2 μm granulometric fraction (clays) was also selected; the results suggest that some of the organic components of this size fraction can also be used by the species.

Published
2006

33. Phoresy of the entomopathogenic nematode Steinernema feltiae by the earthworm Eisenia fetida

Author

Raquel Campos-Herrera, Dolores Trigo, and Carmen Gutiérrez

Subjects
Eisenia fetida, Nematoda, Earthworm, Entomopathogenic nematodes, Biological pest control, Phoretic association, Steinernema feltiae, Edaphic, Dispersal, Entomopathogenic nematode, Spodoptera littoralis, Biology, biology.organism_classification, Soil structure, Oligochaeta, Botany, Animals, Biological dispersal, Symbiosis, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
Abstract

5 pages, and figures, and tables statistics., The free-living stage of entomopathogenic nematodes occurs in soil, and is an environmental-friendly alternative for biological control. However, their dispersal capability is limited. Earthworms improve soil characteristics, changing soil structure and inXuencing many edaphic organisms. Thus, earthworms could be used as vectors to introduce/disperse beneWcial organisms. Nevertheless this interaction has not been studied in detail. This study presents the infectivity results of Steinernema feltiae after passing through the Eisenia fetida gut. Although entomopathogenic nematodes have no deleterious eVects on earthworms, their passage through E. fetida gut seriously affected their mobility and virulence

Published
2006

34. Gametogenesis and reproduction in Hormogaster elisae (Oligochaeta, Hormogastridae)

Author

Darío J. Díaz Cosín, Patricia Gómez Hernández, M. H. Garvín, and Dolores Trigo

Subjects
endocrine system, urogenital system, media_common.quotation_subject, Earthworm, Biology, biology.organism_classification, Sperm, Spermatheca, Oligochaeta, Botany, Animal Science and Zoology, Reproduction, Spermatogenesis, reproductive and urinary physiology, Gametogenesis, Clitellum, media_common
Abstract

The gametogenesis of the earthworm Hormogaster elisae, an endemic species of central Spain, was studied over a 12-month period. The ovaries, seminal vesicles, male funnels, and spermathecae of 156 specimens were removed by dissection. Microscopic analysis of these organs allowed the study of the gametogenic cycle, and provided information on copulation method and reproductive cycle. Individuals of H. elisae have two pairs of spermathecae, the posterior of which is more important for the storage of sperm. In summer, the earthworms enter quiescence, and oogenesis and spermatogenesis are interrupted. The gametogenic processes occur mainly during autumn and winter. Ovules are produced during all months except August and September, and the spermathecae contain sperm over the full 12-month period. There is a reproductive peak in spring, when most ovules are produced and the clitellum is most developed.

Published
2005

35. Horizontal distribution of an earthworm community at El Molar, Madrid (Spain)The 7th international symposium on earthworm ecology · Cardiff · Wales · 2002

Author

Patricia Gómez Hernández, Mónica Gutiérrez, Dolores Trigo, Darío J. Díaz-Cosín, and Marta Ramajo

Subjects
chemistry.chemical_classification, biology, chemistry, Ecology, Earthworm, Soil Science, Horizontal distribution, Organic matter, Hormogaster elisae, biology.organism_classification, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
Abstract

Summary This paper reports the composition and horizontal distribution of an earthworm community at El Molar (Madrid), and the underlying causes of its distribution. Five species of earthworms were found. The most abundant species were Hormogaster elisae, Allolobophora rosea and Allolobophora caliginosa trapezoides, which showed an aggregate-type distribution. Coarse sand, organic matter and nitrogen appear to be the factors with the greatest influence on H. elisae distribution, whereas porosity and aeration have influence on A. c. trapezoides, and clay, organic matter and nitrogen on the presence of A. rosea.

Published
2003

36. Gut load and transit time in Hormogaster elisae (Oligochaeta, Hormogastridae) in laboratory cultures

Author

Dolores Trigo, Darío J. Díaz Cosín, Marta Ramajo, M. Pilar Ruiz, and M. H. Garvín

Subjects
Soil mass, biology, Chemistry, Ecology, Earthworm, Soil Science, Transit time, biology.organism_classification, Microbiology, Hormogastridae, Animal science, Dry weight, Oligochaeta, Dry soil, Insect Science, Hormogaster elisae
Abstract

The gut load and gut transit time (GTT) of the endogeic earthworm Hormogaster elisae in laboratory cultures at 18 °C and 23 oC were studied. The GTT, 5.25 h ± 0.40 at 18 oC and 3.63 h ± 0.46 at 23 oC, was determined by staining the soil with alimentary colouring (tartrazine). The gut load was calculated with two methods: earthworm mass difference, before and after voiding the gut, and dry mass of the gut content. The gut load ranged between 168 and 261 mg wet mass g live earthworm mass –1 (mass difference method) or 137–196 mg dry mass g live earthworm mass –1 (dry mass method). With the obtained data a potential annual soil turnover for H. elisae was calculated: 211–470 kg wet soil mass kg live earthworm mass –1 year –1 (mass difference method) or 176–325 kg dry soil mass kg live earthworm mass –1 year –1 (dry mass method).

Published
2002

37. Annual dynamics of the earthworm Hormogaster elisae (Oligochaeta, Hormogastridae) in central Spain

Author

Dolores Trigo, Darío J. Díaz Cosín, J.V. Valle, M. H. Garvín, and R.P. Moro

Subjects
education.field_of_study, Ecology, Soil biology, Population, Earthworm, Soil Science, Seasonality, Biology, medicine.disease, biology.organism_classification, Microbiology, Hormogastridae, Oligochaeta (plant), medicine, Soil horizon, Hormogaster elisae, education
Abstract

A population of an endogeic earthworm Hormogaster elisae (Oligochaeta, Hormogastridae) from the area known as El Molar (Madrid, Spain) was studied by sampling over 12 months. Annual rainfall in the area is low, amounting only to 411 mm. Rainfall is distributed irregularly with two rainy periods alternating with two dry ones. The H. elisae population varies according to rainfall and increases during wet periods. Individuals of all developmental stages are present throughout the year and two recruitment periods can be distinguished during the rainy periods. The presence of mature individuals of H. elisae is high throughout most of the year. This fact together with other characteristics of the species suggests that H. elisae portrays a K type reproductive strategy. H. elisae population moves within the soil profile according to its humidity contents, with the population present near surface soil during humid months and in deeper soil during dry months.

Published
1997

38. Appearances can be deceptive: different diversification patterns within a group of Mediterranean earthworms (Oligochaeta, Hormogastridae)

Author

Marta, Novo, Ana, Almodóvar, Rosa, Fernández, Dolores, Trigo, Darío J, Díaz-Cosín, and Gonzalo, Giribet

Subjects
Principal Component Analysis, Soil, Italy, Genetic Speciation, Spain, Molecular Sequence Data, Animals, Genetic Variation, France, Sequence Analysis, DNA, Environment, Oligochaeta, Phylogeny
Abstract

Many recent studies on invertebrates have shown how morphology not always captures the true diversity of taxa, with cryptic speciation often being discussed in this context. Here, we show how diversification patterns can be very different in two clades of closely related earthworms in the genus Hormogaster stressing the risk of using nonspecific substitution rate values across taxa. On the one hand, the Hormogaster elisae species complex, endemic to the central Iberian Peninsula, shows morphological stasis. On the other hand, a clade of Hormogaster from the NE Iberian Peninsula shows an enormous morphological variability, with 15 described morphospecies. The H. elisae complex, however, evolves faster genetically, and this could be explained by the harsher environmental conditions to which it is confined-as detected in this study, that is, sandier and slightly poorer soils with lower pH values than those of the other species in the family. These extreme conditions could be at the same time limiting morphological evolution and thus be responsible for the observed morphological stasis in this clade. Contrarily, Hormogaster species from the NE Iberian Peninsula, although still inhabiting harsher milieu than other earthworm groups, have had the opportunity to evolve into a greater morphological disparity. An attempt to delimit species within this group following the recently proposed general mixed Yule-coalescent method showed a higher number of entities than expected under the morphospecies concept, most probably due to the low vagility of these animals, which considerably limits gene flow between distant conspecific populations, but also because of the decoupling between morphological and genetic evolution in the H. elisae complex.

Published
2012

39. Earthworms of the iberian peninsula. Species list and some biogeographical considerations

Author

Dolores Trigo, R. Mascato, and Darío J. Díaz Cosín

Subjects
Mediterranean climate, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, biology, Ecology, Hormogaster, Fauna, Biogeography, Earthworm, Soil Science, Lumbricus, biology.organism_classification, Microbiology, Allolobophora molleri, Peninsula
Abstract

A list of earthworm species recorded in the Iberian Peninsula, based on examination of the literature and collections, is presented. Species which have been recorded in only one paper, or of which we have not been able to study Iberian material, are listed separately. With the collected data a map has been prepared from which the regions' studied and those which need to be sampled to complete the study of the Iberian Peninsula, principally Mediterranean zones, can be appreciated. Some provisional biogeographic considerations are presented. The Eurosiberian Region is represented in the North; its fauna is of Central-European character and it is possible to differentiate two zones, “Basque-Pyrenaic” and “Galaico-Lusitanian”. In the Mediterranean Region some species of Lumbricus and Dendrobaena are absent or scarce, and there are some differences between the Superprovinces “Mediterranean-Iberian-Levantine” with Hormogaster species and “Mediterranean-Iberian-Atlantic” with the Allolobophora molleri complex.

Published
1992

40. Geostatistical and multivariate analysis of the horizontal distribution of an earthworm community in El Molar (Madrid, Spain)

Author

Dolores Trigo, Patricia Gómez Hernández, Marta Novo, Rosa Fernández, and Darío J. Díaz Cosín

Subjects
Molar, Multivariate statistics, Multivariate analysis, biology, Earthworm, Species distribution, Invertebrados, General Medicine, Geostatistics, biology.organism_classification, Abundance (ecology), Loam, Botany, Zoología
Abstract

The earthworm community in El Molar (Madrid) is studied, and its distribution patterns and relation with some soil factors are described by using geostatistic and multivariate tools. Six species were found, Hormogaster elisae, Allolobophora rosea and Allolobophora caliginosa being the three most abundant ones. These species exhibited a clumped distribution. The most dominant species, H. elisae, was distributed in patches of an average size of 45m in spring and more than 100m in autumn. A. rosea was aggregated in patches of an average size of 22m and A. caliginosa formed patches of an average size of 38 m. There seemed to be a positive correlation between the abundance of H. elisae and the percentage of total and coarse sands, as well as a negative correlation with clay, nitrogen, carbon and coarse loams contents, opposite to what was observed for A. rosea. & 2007 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved.

Published
2007

41. Horizontal Distribution of an Earthworm Community at El Molar, Madrid (Spain)

Author

Dolores Trigo, Patricia Gómez Hernández, Darío J. Díaz Cosín, Marta Ramajo, and Mónica Gutiérrez

Subjects
Molar, Species distribution, Earthworm, Invertebrados, Soil Science, Horizontal distribution, Biology, Positive correlation, biology.organism_classification, Abundance (ecology), Loam, Botany, Zoología, Hormogaster elisae, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
Abstract

The earthworm community in El Molar (Madrid) is studied, and its distribution patterns and relation with some soil factors are described by using geostatistic and multivariate tools. Six species were found, Hormogaster elisae, Allolobophora rosea and Allolobophora caliginosa being the three most abundant ones. These speciesexhibited a clumped distribution. The most dominant species, H. elisae, was distributed in patches of an average size of 45m in spring and more than 100m inautumn. A. rosea was aggregated in patches of an average size of 22m and A. caliginosa formed patches of an average size of 38 m. There seemed to be a positive correlation between the abundance of H. elisae and the percentage of total and coarse sands, as well as a negative correlation with clay, nitrogen, carbon and coarse loams contents, opposite to what was observed for A. rosea.

Published
2003

42. Activity of glycolytic enzymes in the gut of Hormogaster elisae (Oligochaeta, Hormogastridae)

Author

Dolores Trigo, M. H. Garvín, Patrick Lavelle, and C. Lattaud

Subjects
CULTURE IN VITRO, MUTUALISME, ANALYSE DE VARIANCE, Soil biology, Soil Science, Cellulase, FAUNE DU SOL, Biology, Microbiology, CHITINASE, Tissue culture, DIGESTION, Glycolysis, Hormogaster elisae, chemistry.chemical_classification, Earthworm, ETUDE REGIONALE, biology.organism_classification, ENZYME LYTIQUE, Enzyme assay, MICROFLORE, Enzyme, Biochemistry, chemistry, biology.protein, CELLULASE, LOMBRIC
Abstract

The glycolytic enzymatic activities in the gut of the endogeic earthworm #Hormogaster elisae$ from El Molar (Madrid, Spain) were studied in order to determine its digestive capacity and to assess its alimentary regime. Most endogeic earthworms have weak enzymatic complement and they usually establish mutualistic relationships with soil microflora to digest some organic compounds. Therefore, the intestinal wall tissues were cultured in vitro to assess the origin of the glycolytic enzymes found in the gut and enzymatic activities were measured in both cultured tissues and culture media. #H. elisae$ had a wide but not very strong enzyme complement, since all substrates were degraded but most of them at a low rate. This species cannot produce cellulase and mannamase, so for the digestion of these substrates it probably uses the digestive enzymatic capabilities of the ingested microflora. (Résumé d'auteur)

Published
2000

43. Mutualism and biodiversity in soils

Author

Dolores Trigo, C. Lattaud, I. Barois, and Patrick Lavelle

Subjects
Mutualism (biology), Facultative, Ecology, Soil biology, Soil water, Botany, Biodiversity, Ecosystem, Species richness, Biology, Food web
Abstract

Most soil invertebrates and roots have developed strong interactions with micro-organisms to exploit the organic and mineral resources of soil. Micro-fauna are mainly predators of microorganisms whereas larger organisms interact with micro-organisms through the “external rumen” or facultative endosymbiotic digestive systems. Mobilisation of nutrient and organic resources through mutualism with soil microflora seems to be all the more efficient as the organisms are large (like e.g., roots, termites or earthworms) and temperature is high. In the humid tropics, part of the existing species richness may have originated from an increased base of resources resulting from the development of mutualistic relationships. Evidence for this process is given for earthworm communities. Consequences for soil function and the species richness of plants and consumers are discussed.

Published
1995

44. Earthworms of continental Portugal. Relationships with soil factors

Author

Dolores Trigo, Darío J. Díaz Cosín, S. Mato, and Bernardo F. Souto

Subjects
Soil characteristics, Common species, Ecology, Oligochaeta, Soil water, Animal Science and Zoology, Allolobophora chlorotica, Biology, Epigeal, Eisenia eiseni, biology.organism_classification, Dendrobaena octaedra
Abstract

The relationships between the 13 most common species of Por tuguese earthworms and 20 soil characteristics have been investi gated by analysis of ecological profiles, correspondence analysis and canonical correlation. Two groups emerged: one comprising basi cally the epigeic species Allolobophora oliveirae, Dendrobaena madeiren‐sis, Dendrobaena octaedra and Eisenia eiseni, which tend to prefer organic acid soils with little calcium or magnesium and large quan tities of aluminium in the exchange complex, and the other made up of the endogeic species Allolobophora caliginosa, Allolobophora mol‐leri, Allolobophora rosea and Allolobophora chlorotica, which exhibit the opposite tendencies.

Published
1989

45. Growth in the laboratory of Hormogaster elisae (Oligochaeta, Hormogastridae)

Author

Dolores Trigo, J.V. Valle, M. H. Garvín, R.P. Moro, and Darío J. Díaz Cosín

Subjects
Oligochaeta (plant), Ecology, biology, Hatching, Soil Science, Zoology, Hormogaster elisae, biology.organism_classification, Agricultural and Biological Sciences (miscellaneous), Hormogastridae
Abstract

Studies of the growth, at room temperature, of 32 individuals of Hormogaster elisae have been carried out under laboratory conditions between February 1993 and September 1995. The individuals were obtained from cocoons collected at El Molar (Madrid, Spain) and cultured until emergence. Data obtained from the 32 individuals suggest a gradual growth, whereas a selective study of individuals belonging to the same age group (emerging within a 3-month period) reveals the existence of growth periods during the colder months alternating periods of no growth during the hottest months. A comparison between the common time period for which data exist for the coetaneous groups reveals that there is a parallel growth pattern independent of time of hatching and weight of individuals. # 1998 Elsevier Science B.V.

46. Mutualism between earthworms and soil microflora

Author

Dolores Trigo, Barois, I., Garvín, M. H., Huerta, E., Irisson, S., Lavelle, P., Diaz Cosin, D.J. (ed.), Jesus, J.B. (ed.), Trigo, D. (ed.), and Garvin, M.H. (ed.)

Subjects
MICROFLORE, ESPECE TEMPEREE, DIGESTION, MUTUALISME, MATIERE ORGANIQUE, ETUDE COMPARATIVE, ETUDE EXPERIMENTALE, MUCUS INTESTINAL, ESPECE TROPICALE, LOMBRIC, INTERACTION
Abstract

The gut mucus production of different earthworms species has been measured in order to verify the mutualistic hypothesis between earthworms and soil microflora. Earthworms of different origin (tropical and temperate) and ecological category (endogeic, anecic and epigeic), individuals of the same species occupying different soils, and earthworms of different species from the same soil, have been studied. Intestinal mucus production suggests the existence of the mutualistic digestion system. The mucus percentage in the gut was greater in the epigeic than in both anecic and endogeic. Nevertheless, the relative enrichment was higher in the endogeic species. The organic matter content of the substratum seems to play a regulating role in the mutualistic system, because the greater the substratum organic matter content the lower the relative enrichment. Generally, in temperate zones more mucus was added to the substratum, suggesting that the low temperature do necessary a greater microflora simulation. (Résumé d'auteur)

50. Global data on earthworm abundance, biomass, diversity and corresponding environmental properties

Author

Phillips, Helen R. P., Bach, Elizabeth M., Bartz, Marie L. C., Bennett, Joanne M., Beugnon, Rémy, Briones, Maria J. I., Brown, George G., Ferlian, Olga, Gongalsky, Konstantin B., Guerra, Carlos A., König-Ries, Birgitta, Krebs, Julia J., Orgiazzi, Alberto, Ramirez, Kelly S., Russell, David J., Schwarz, Benjamin, Wall, Diana H., Brose, Ulrich, Decaëns, Thibaud, Lavelle, Patrick, Loreau, Michel, Mathieu, Jérôme, Mulder, Christian, van der Putten, Wim H., Rillig, Matthias C., Thakur, Madhav P., de Vries, Franciska T., Wardle, David A., Ammer, Christian, Ammer, Sabine, Arai, Miwa, Ayuke, Fredrick O., Baker, Geoff H., Baretta, Dilmar, Barkusky, Dietmar, Beauséjour, Robin, Bedano, Jose C., Birkhofer, Klaus, Blanchart, Eric, Blossey, Bernd, Bolger, Thomas, Bradley, Robert L., Brossard, Michel, Burtis, James C., Capowiez, Yvan, Cavagnaro, Timothy R., Choi, Amy, Clause, Julia, Cluzeau, Daniel, Coors, Anja, Crotty, Felicity V., Crumsey, Jasmine M., Dávalos, Andrea, Cosín, Darío J. Díaz, Dobson, Annise M., Domínguez, Anahí, Duhour, Andrés Esteban, van Eekeren, Nick, Emmerling, Christoph, Falco, Liliana B., Fernández, Rosa, Fonte, Steven J., Fragoso, Carlos, Franco, André L. C., Fusilero, Abegail, Geraskina, Anna P., Gholami, Shaieste, González, Grizelle, Gundale, Michael J., López, Mónica Gutiérrez, Hackenberger, Branimir K., Hackenberger, Davorka K., Hernández, Luis M., Hirth, Jeff R., Hishi, Takuo, Holdsworth, Andrew R., Holmstrup, Martin, Hopfensperger, Kristine N., Lwanga, Esperanza Huerta, Huhta, Veikko, Hurisso, Tunsisa T., Iannone III, Basil V., Iordache, Madalina, Irmler, Ulrich, Ivask, Mari, Jesús, Juan B., Johnson-Maynard, Jodi L., Joschko, Monika, Kaneko, Nobuhiro, Kanianska, Radoslava, Keith, Aidan M., Kernecker, Maria L., Koné, Armand W., Kooch, Yahya, Kukkonen, Sanna T., Lalthanzara, H., Lammel, Daniel R., Lebedev, Iurii M., Le Cadre, Edith, Lincoln, Noa K., López-Hernández, Danilo, Loss, Scott R., Marichal, Raphael, Matula, Radim, Minamiya, Yukio, Moos, Jan Hendrik, Moreno, Gerardo, Morón-Ríos, Alejandro, Motohiro, Hasegawa, Muys, Bart, Neirynck, Johan, Norgrove, Lindsey, Novo, Marta, Nuutinen, Visa, Nuzzo, Victoria, Mujeeb Rahman, P., Pansu, Johan, Paudel, Shishir, Pérès, Guénola, Pérez-Camacho, Lorenzo, Ponge, Jean-François, Prietzel, Jörg, Rapoport, Irina B., Rashid, Muhammad Imtiaz, Rebollo, Salvador, Rodríguez, Miguel Á., Roth, Alexander M., Rousseau, Guillaume X., Rozen, Anna, Sayad, Ehsan, van Schaik, Loes, Scharenbroch, Bryant, Schirrmann, Michael, Schmidt, Olaf, Schröder, Boris, Seeber, Julia, Shashkov, Maxim P., Singh, Jaswinder, Smith, Sandy M., Steinwandter, Michael, Szlavecz, Katalin, Talavera, José Antonio, Trigo, Dolores, Tsukamoto, Jiro, Uribe-López, Sheila, de Valença, Anne W., Virto, Iñigo, Wackett, Adrian A., Warren, Matthew W., Webster, Emily R., Wehr, Nathaniel H., Whalen, Joann K., Wironen, Michael B., Wolters, Volkmar, Wu, Pengfei, Zenkova, Irina V., Zhang, Weixin, Cameron, Erin K., Eisenhauer, Nico, German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv), Leipzig University, Saint Mary's University [Halifax], Colorado State University [Fort Collins] (CSU), University of Coimbra [Portugal] (UC), Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, University of Canberra, Universidade de Vigo, Embrapa Forestry, Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation (Embrapa), A.N. Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Russian Academy of Sciences [Moscow] (RAS), Lomonosov Moscow State University (MSU), Friedrich-Schiller-Universität = Friedrich Schiller University Jena [Jena, Germany], European Commission - Joint Research Centre [Ispra] (JRC), Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), University of Freiburg [Freiburg], Department of Biometry and Environmental System Analysis, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive (CEFE), Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro - Montpellier SupAgro, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Institut d'écologie et des sciences de l'environnement de Paris (iEES Paris ), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Station d'Ecologie Théorique et Expérimentale (SETE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Fédération de Recherche Agrobiosciences, Interactions et Biodiversité (FR AIB), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Catania [Italy], Wageningen University and Research [Wageningen] (WUR), Freie Universität Berlin, Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics (IBED), University of Amsterdam [Amsterdam] (UvA), Asian School of the Environment (ASE), Nanyang Technological University [Singapour], Georg-August-University = Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), University of Nairobi (UoN), Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation [Canberra] (CSIRO), Santa Catarina State University (UDESC), Leibniz-Zentrum für Agrarlandschaftsforschung = Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF), Université de Sherbrooke (UdeS), National University of Río Cuarto = Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto (UNRC), Brandenburg University of Technology [Cottbus – Senftenberg] (BTU), Ecologie fonctionnelle et biogéochimie des sols et des agro-écosystèmes (UMR Eco&Sols), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro - Montpellier SupAgro, Cornell University [New York], University College Dublin [Dublin] (UCD), Environnement Méditerranéen et Modélisation des Agro-Hydrosystèmes (EMMAH), Avignon Université (AU)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), University of Adelaide, University of Toronto, Ecologie et biologie des interactions (EBI), Université de Poitiers-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Ecosystèmes, biodiversité, évolution [Rennes] (ECOBIO), Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), ECT Oekotoxikologie GmbH, Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences (IBERS), Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC)-Aberystwyth University, Royal Agricultural University (RAU), University of Georgia [USA], State University of New York (SUNY), Department of Biodiversity, Ecology and Evolution [Madrid], Universidad Complutense de Madrid = Complutense University of Madrid [Madrid] (UCM), Yale University [New Haven], Universidad Nacional de Luján [Buenos Aires], Louis Bolk Institute (LBI), Trier University, Animal Biodiversity and Evolution, Institute of Evolutionary Biology (IBE), Department of Soil and Crop Sciences [Fort Collins], Biodiversity and Systematic Network, Instituto de Ecología A.C., Department of Biology [Fort Collins], Department of Biological Science and Environmental Studies, University of the Philippines - Mindanao, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering - Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology and Aquatic Ecology, Universiteit Gent = Ghent University [Belgium] (UGENT), Center for Forest Ecology and Productivity (RAS), Razi University of Kermanshah, USDA Forest Service, Department of Forest Ecology and Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Agriculture engineering, Agroecology Postgraduate Program, Maranhão State University, Agriculture Victoria (AgriBio), Kyushu University [Fukuoka], Minnesota Pollution Control Agency, Department of Bioscience [Aarhus], Northern Kentucky University, Departamento de Agricultura, Sociedad y Ambiente, EI Colegio de la Frontera Sur (ECOSUR), Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología [Mexico] (CONACYT)-Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología [Mexico] (CONACYT), Soil Physics and Land Management Group, University of Jyväskylä (JYU), College of Agriculture, Environmental and Human Sciences, Lincoln University of Missouri, School of Forest Resources and Conservation [Gainesville] (UF|IFAS|FFGS), Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences [Gainesville] (UF|IFAS), University of Florida [Gainesville] (UF)-University of Florida [Gainesville] (UF), Banat University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine (USAMVBT), Christian-Albrechts University of Kiel, Tallinn University of Technology (TTÜ), University of Idaho [Moscow, USA], Faculty of Food and Agricultural Sciences, Fukushima University, Matej Bel University (UMB), UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Natural Environment Research Council (NERC), Université Nangui Abrogoua (UNA), Faculty of Natural Resources and Marine Sciences [Tarbiat], Tarbiat Modares University [Tehran], Natural Resources Institute Finland (LUKE), Department of Zoology, Pachhunga University College, Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology [Moscow] (Skoltech), Sol Agro et hydrosystème Spatialisation (SAS), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-INSTITUT AGRO Agrocampus Ouest, University of Hawai'i [Honolulu] (UH), Universidad Central de Venezuela (UCV), Instituto de Zoología y Ecología Tropical (IZET), Oklahoma State University [Stillwater] (OSU), Agrosystèmes Biodiversifiés (UMR ABSys), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre International de Hautes Etudes Agronomiques Méditerranéennes - Institut Agronomique Méditerranéen de Montpellier (CIHEAM-IAMM), Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes (CIHEAM)-Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes (CIHEAM)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro - Montpellier SupAgro, Département Performances des systèmes de production et de transformation tropicaux (Cirad-PERSYST), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), Czech University of Life Sciences Prague (CZU), Tochigi Prefectural Museum, Thuenen-Institute of Biodiversity, Thuenen-Institute of Organic Farming, University of Extremadura, INDEHESA, Forestry School, Conservación de la Biodiversidad, El Colegio de la Frontera Sur, Doshisha University [Kyoto], Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences [Leuven-Heverlee], Catholic University of Leuven - Katholieke Universiteit Leuven (KU Leuven), Research Institute for Nature and Forest (INBO), School of Agricultural, Forest and Food Sciences, Bern University of Applied Sciences (BFH), Natural Area Consultants, Department of Zoology, PSMO College, CSIRO Marine and Atmospheric Research (CSIRO-MAR), Adaptation et diversité en milieu marin (AD2M), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Station biologique de Roscoff (SBR), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Phipps Conservatory and Botanical Gardens (PHIPPS), Universidad de Alcalá - University of Alcalá (UAH), Forest Ecology and Restoration Group, Department of Life Sciences, Mécanismes Adaptatifs et Evolution (MECADEV), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Technische Universität Munchen - Université Technique de Munich [Munich, Allemagne] (TUM), Department of Ecology and Ecosystem Management, Geobotany, Tembotov Institute of Ecology of Mountain Territories, Russian Academy of Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Center of Excellence in Environmental Studies, Global Change Ecology and Evolution Research Groupp (GloCEE), Department of Life Sciences, University of Alcalá, University of Minnesota [Twin Cities] (UMN), University of Minnesota System, Postgraduate Program in Biodiversity and Conservation, Federal University of Maranhão, Uniwersytet Jagielloński w Krakowie = Jagiellonian University (UJ), College of Natural Resources, University of Wisconsin, The Morton Arboretum, Department Engineering for Crop Production, Leibniz Institute for Agricultural Engineering and Bioeconomy (ATB), School of Agriculture and Food Science, UCD School of Geography, UCD Earth Institute, University College, Technische Universität Braunschweig = Technical University of Braunschweig [Braunschweig], Institute of Geoecology, Leopold Franzens Universität Innsbruck - University of Innsbruck, European Academy Bozen/Bolzano (EURAC), Institute for Alpine Environment, European Academy of Bozen-Bolzano (EURAC), Institute of Physicochemical and Biological Problems in Soil Science, RAS, Institute of Mathematical Problems in Biology (IMPB RAS), Post Graduate Department of Zoology, Khalsa College Amritsar, Morton K. Blaustein Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences [Baltimore], Johns Hopkins University (JHU), Universidad de La Laguna [Tenerife - SP] (ULL), Kochi University, Juárez Autonomous University of Tabasco, Nanotechnology Engineering, Multidisciplinary Academic Division of Jalpa de Méndez, Food & Agriculture, WWF-Netherlands, Universidad Pública de Navarra [Espagne] = Public University of Navarra (UPNA), Department of Soil, Water and Climate, University of Minnesota System-University of Minnesota System, Earth Innovation Institute, University of California [Davis] (UC Davis), University of California (UC), Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Management, University of Hawaii, McGill University = Université McGill [Montréal, Canada], Natural resource sciences, The Nature Conservancy, Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen = Justus Liebig University (JLU), Southwest Minzu University [Chengdu], Institute of Industrial Ecology Problems of the North of the Kola Science Center of RAS, Henan Agricultural University, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences [Helsinki], Helsingin yliopisto = Helsingfors universitet = University of Helsinki, H.R.P.P., B.K-R., and the sWorm workshops were supported by the sDiv [Synthesis Centre of the German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig (DFG FZT 118)]. H.R.P.P., O.F. and N.E. acknowledge funding by the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme (grant agreement no. 677232 to NE). K.S.R. and W.H.v.d.P. were supported by ERC-ADV grant 323020 to W.H.v.d.P. Also supported by iDiv (DFG FZT118) Flexpool proposal 34600850 (C.A.G. and N.E.), the Academy of Finland (285882) and the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (postdoctoral fellowship and RGPIN-2019-05758) (E.K.C.), German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (01LO0901A) (D.J.R.), ERC-AdG 694368 (M.R.), the TULIP Laboratory of Excellence (ANR-10-LABX-41) (M.L), and the BBSRC David Phillips Fellowship to F.T.d.V. (BB/L02456X/1). In addition, data collection was funded by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research (12-04-01538-a, 12-04-01734-a, 14-44-03666-r_center_a, 15-29-02724-ofi_m, 16-04-01878-a 19-05-00245, 19-04-00-609-a), Tarbiat Modares University, Aurora Organic Dairy, UGC(NERO) (F. 1-6/Acctt./NERO/2007-08/1485), Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council (RGPIN-2017-05391), Slovak Research and Development Agency (APVV-0098-12), Science for Global Development through Wageningen University, Norman Borlaug LEAP Programme and International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), Sao Paulo Research Foundation - FAPESP (12/22510-8), Oklahoma Agricultural Experiment Station, INIA - Spanish Agency (SUM 2006-00012-00-0), Royal Canadian Geographical Society, Environmental Protection Agency (Ireland) (2005-S-LS-8), University of Hawai'i at Manoa (HAW01127H, HAW01123M), European Union FP7 (FunDivEurope, 265171, ROUTES 265156), U.S. Department of the Navy, Commander Pacific Fleet (W9126G-13-2-0047), Science and Engineering Research Board (SB/SO/AS-030/2013) Department of Science and Technology, New Delhi, India, Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program (SERDP) of the U.S. Department of Defense (RC-1542), Maranhao State Research Foundation (FAPEMA 03135/13, 02471/17), Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel (CAPES 3281/2013), Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports of the Czech Republic (LTT17033), Colorado Wheat Research Foundation, Zone Atelier Alpes, French National Research Agency (ANR-11-BSV7-0020, ANR-09-STRA-0002, ANR 06 BIODIV 0009), Austrian Science Fund (P16027, T441), Landwirtschaftliche Rentenbank Frankfurt am Main, Welsh Government and the European Agricultural Fund for Rural Development (Project Ref. A AAB 62 03 qA731606), SEPAQ, Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry of Finland, Science Foundation Ireland (EEB0061), University of Toronto (Faculty of Forestry), National Science and Engineering Research Council of Canada, Haliburton Forest & Wildlife Reserve, NKU College of Arts & Sciences Grant, osterreichische Forschungsforderungsgesellschaft (837393 and 837426), Mountain Agriculture Research Unit of the University of Innsbruck, Higher Education Commission of Pakistan, Kerala Forest Research Institute, Peechi, Kerala, UNEP/GEF/TSBF-CIAT Project on Conservation and Sustainable Management of Belowground Biodiversity, Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry of Finland, Complutense University of Madrid/European Union FP7 project BioBio (FPU UCM 613520), GRDC, AWI, LWRRDC, DRDC, CONICET (National Scientific and Technical Research Council) and FONCyT (National Agency of Scientific and Technological Promotion) (PICT, PAE, PIP), Universidad Nacional de Lujan y FONCyT (PICT 2293 (2006)), Fonds de recherche sur la nature et les technologies du Quebec (131894), Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (SCHR1000/3-1, SCHR1000/6-1, 6-2 (FOR 1598), WO 670/7-1, WO 670/7-2, & SCHA 1719/1-2), CONACYT (FONDOS MIXTOS TABASCO/PROYECTO11316), NSF (DGE-0549245, DGE-0549245, DEB-BE-0909452, NSF1241932, LTER Program DEB-97-14835), Institute for Environmental Science and Policy at the University of Illinois at Chicago, Dean's Scholar Program at UIC, Garden Club of America Zone VI Fellowship in Urban Forestry from the Casey Tree Endowment Fund, J.E. Weaver Competitive Grant from the Nebraska Chapter of The Nature Conservancy, The College of Liberal Arts and Sciences at Depaul University, Elmore Hadley Award for Research in Ecology and Evolution from the UIC Dept. of Biological Sciences, Spanish CICYT (AMB96-1161, REN2000-0783/GLO, REN2003-05553/GLO, REN2003-03989/GLO, CGL2007-60661/BOS), Yokohama National University, MEXT KAKENHI (25220104), Japan Society for the Promotion of Science KAKENHI (25281053, 17KT0074, 25252026), ADEME (0775C0035), Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities of Spain (CGL2017-86926-P), Syngenta Philippines, UPSTREAM, LTSER (Val Mazia/Matschertal), Marie Sklodowska Curie Postdoctoral Fellowship (747607), National Science & Technology Base Resource Survey Project of China (2018FY100306), McKnight Foundation (14-168), Program of Fundamental Researches of Presidium of Russian Academy of Sciences (AAAA-A18-118021490070-5), Brazilian National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq 310690/2017-0, 404191/2019-3, 307486/2013-3), French Ministry of Foreign and European Affairs, Bavarian Ministry for Food, Agriculture and Forestry (Project No B62), INRA AIDY project, MIUR PRIN 2008, Idaho Agricultural Experiment Station, Estonian Science Foundation, Ontario Ministry of the Environment, Canada, Russian Science Foundation (16-17-10284), National Natural Science Foundation of China (41371270), Australian Research Council (FT120100463), USDA Forest Service-IITF. Open Access funding enabled and organized by Projekt DEAL., ANR-10-LABX-0041,TULIP,Towards a Unified theory of biotic Interactions: the roLe of environmental(2010), ANR-11-BSV7-0020,METABAR,Metacode-barre ADN pour une nouvelle génération de suivi de la biodiversité(2011), ANR-09-STRA-0002,FORGECO,Du diagnostic à l'action: créer les conditions d'une gestion integrée et viable des écosystèmes forestiers sur les territoires(2009), ANR-06-BDIV-0009,AMAZ_BD,Biodiversité des paysages amazoniens. Déterminants socio-économiques et productio de biens et services écosystèmiques(2006), European Project: 677232,H2020,ERC-2015-STG,ECOWORM(2016), European Project: 323020,EC:FP7:ERC,ERC-2012-ADG_20120314,SPECIALS(2013), European Project: 265171,EC:FP7:ENV,FP7-ENV-2010,FUNDIVEUROPE(2010), European Project: 265156,EC:FP7:ENV,FP7-ENV-2010,ROUTES(2011), European Project: ERC-2015-AdG 694368, European Project: 227161,EC:FP7:KBBE,FP7-KBBE-2008-2B,BIOBIO(2009), Terrestrial Ecology (TE), Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Natural Resources & The Environment [CALS], College of Agriculture and Life Sciences [Cornell University] (CALS), Cornell University [New York]-Cornell University [New York], Department of Entomology [CALS], Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Universiteit Gent = Ghent University (UGENT), Kyushu University, Universidad de Extremadura - University of Extremadura (UEX), Adaptation et diversité en milieu marin (ADMM), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Station biologique de Roscoff (SBR), Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Programme, Universidad Pública de Navarra / Nafarroako Unibertsitate Publikoa. ISFOOD - Institute for Innovation and Sustainable Development in Food Chain, Universidad Pública de Navarra. Departamento de Ciencias, Nafarroako Unibertsitate Publikoa. Zientziak Saila, Global Soil Biodiversity Initiative and School of Global Environmental Sustainability, Colorado State University, Universidade Positivo, Senckenberg Museum for Natural History Görlitz, Department of Soil Zoology, Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Station d'écologie théorique et expérimentale (SETE), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), University of Göttingen - Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Centre of Biodiversity and Sustainable Land Use, Department of Silviculture and Forest Ecology of the Temperate Zones, Georg-August-University [Göttingen], Faculty of Forest Sciences and Forest Ecology, Institute for Agro-Environmental Sciences, Rwanda Institute for Conservation Agriculture (RICA), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), UCD School of Biology & Environmental Science, UCD Earth Institute, University College Dublin, School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, Waite Research Institute, Faculty of Forestry, University of Toronto, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Aberystwyth University, Odum School of Ecology, Department of Biological Sciences, SUNY Cortland, Yale School Forestry & Environment Studies, Ciencias Básicas, Instituto de Ecología y Desarrollo Sustentable -INEDES, Universidad Nacional de Lujan, Université Nangui Abrogoua, Tarbiat Modaras University, AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Oklahoma State University [Stillwater], Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Centre International de Hautes Etudes Agronomiques Méditerranéennes - Institut Agronomique Méditerranéen de Montpellier (CIHEAM-IAMM), Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes (CIHEAM)-Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes (CIHEAM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Station biologique de Roscoff (SBR), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Animal Biology (Zoology area), Science Faculty, University of La Laguna, University of California, Justus-Liebig-University [Gießen, Germany], University of Helsinki, HELEN R. P. PHILLIPS, German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research, ERIN K. CAMERON, Saint Mary’s University, NICO EISENHAUER, German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research, Leipzig University., Wageningen University, JOSÉ ANTONIO TALAVERA, University of La Laguna, DOLORES TRIGO, University Complutense of Madrid, JIRO TSUKAMOTO, Kochi University, SHEILA URIBE-LÓPEZ, Juárez Autonomous University of Tabasco, ANNE W. DE VALENÇA, Unit Food & Agriculture, WWF-Netherlands, IÑIGO VIRTO, Universidad Pública de Navarra, ADRIAN A. WACKETT, University of Minnesota, MATTHEW W. WARREN, Earth Innovation Institute, WEIXIN ZHANG, Henan University, DANIEL CLUZEAU, Université de Rennes, ANJA COORS, ECT Oekotoxikologie GmbH, FELICITY V. CROTTY, Aberystwyth Universtiy, Royal Agricultural University, JASMINE M. CRUMSEY, University of Georgia, Saint Marys University, ELIZABETH M. BACH, Colorado State University, MARIE L. C. BARTZ, Universidade Positivo, University of Coimbra, JOANNE M. BENNETT, German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, RÉMY BEUGNON, German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research, MARIA J. I. BRIONES, Universidad de Vigo, GEORGE GARDNER BROWN, CNPF, OLGA FERLIAN, German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research, KONSTANTIN B. GONGALSKY, Russian Academy of Sciences, Lomonosov Moscow State University, CARLOS A. GUERRA, German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research, BIRGITTA KÖNIG-RIES, German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research, Friedrich Schiller University, JULIA J. KREBS, German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research, ALBERTO ORGIAZZI, European Commission, Joint Research Centre, KELLY S. RAMIREZ, Netherlands Institute of Ecology, DAVID J. RUSSELL, Senckenberg Museum for Natural History Görlitz, BENJAMIN SCHWARZ, University of Freiburg, DIANA H. WALL, Colorado State University, ULRICH BROSE, German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, THIBAUD DECAËNS, Univ Paul Valéry Montpellier, PATRICK LAVELLE, Institut d’Ecologie et des Sciences de l’Environnement, MICHEL LOREAU, Theoretical and Experimental Ecology Station, JÉRÔME MATHIEU, Institute of Ecology and Environmental Sciences of Paris, Institut d’Ecologie et des Sciences de l’Environnement de Paris, CHRISTIAN MULDER, University of Catania, WIM H. VAN DER PUTTEN, Netherlands Institute of Ecology, MATTHIAS C. RILLIG, Freie Universität Berlin, MADHAV P. THAKUR, Netherlands Institute of Ecology, FRANCISKA T. DE VRIES, University of Amsterdam, DAVID A. WARDLE, Nanyang Technological University, CHRISTIAN AMMER, University of Göttingen, SABINE AMMER, University of Göttingen, MIWA ARAI, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, FREDRICK O. AYUKE, University of Nairobi, Rwanda Institute for Conservation Agriculture, GEOFF H. BAKER, Health & Biosecurity, DILMAR BARETTA, Santa Catarina State University, DIETMAR BARKUSKY, Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research, ROBIN BEAUSÉJOUR, Université de Sherbrooke, JOSE C. BEDANO, National University of Rio Cuarto, KLAUS BIRKHOFER, Brandenburg University of Technology, ERIC BLANCHART, Institut Agro, BERND BLOSSEY, Cornell University, THOMAS BOLGER, University College Dublin, ROBERT L. BRADLEY, Université de Sherbrooke, MICHEL BROSSARD, Institut Agro, JAMES C. BURTIS, Cornell University, YVAN CAPOWIEZ, Site Agroparc, TIMOTHY R. CAVAGNARO, The University of Adelaide, AMY CHOI, University of Toronto, JULIA CLAUSE, Université de Poitiers, ANDREA DÁVALOS, SUNY Cortland, DARÍO J. DÍAZ COSÍN, University Complutense of Madrid, ANNISE M. DOBSON, Yale University, ANAHÍ DOMÍNGUEZ, National University of Rio Cuarto, ANDRÉS ESTEBAN DUHOUR, Universidad Nacional de Luján, NICK VAN EEKEREN, Louis Bolk Institute, CHRISTOPH EMMERLING, University of Trier, LILIANA B. FALCO, Universidad Nacional de Luján, ROSA FERNÁNDEZ, Institute of Evolutionary Biology, STEVEN J. FONTE, Colorado State University, CARLOS FRAGOSO, Institute of Ecology A.C., ANDRÉ L. C. FRANCO, Colorado State University, ABEGAIL FUSILERO, University of the Philippines Mindanao, Ghent University, ANNA P. GERASKINA, Center for Forest Ecology and Productivity RAS, SHAIESTE GHOLAMI, Razi University, GRIZELLE GONZÁLEZ, International Institute of Tropical Forestry, MICHAEL J. GUNDALE, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, MÓNICA GUTIÉRREZ LÓPEZ, University Complutense of Madrid, BRANIMIR K. HACKENBERGER, University of Osijek, DAVORKA K. HACKENBERGER, University of Osijek, LUIS M. HERNÁNDEZ, Maranhão State University, JEFF R. HIRTH, Department of Jobs, Precincts and Regions, Agriculture Victoria, TAKUO HISHI, Kyushu University, ANDREW R. HOLDSWORTH, Minnesota Pollution Control Agency, MARTIN HOLMSTRUP, Aarhus University, KRISTINE N. HOPFENSPERGER, Northern Kentucky University, ESPERANZA HUERTA LWANGA, El Colegio de la Frontera Sur, Wageningen University & Research, VEIKKO HUHTA, University of Jyväskylä, TUNSISA T. HURISSO, Colorado State University, Lincoln University of Missouri, BASIL V. IANNONE III, University of Florida, MADALINA IORDACHE, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Banat 'King Michael the 1st of Romania', ULRICH IRMLER, University of Kiel, MARI IVASK, Tallinn University of Technology, JUAN B. JESÚS, University Complutense of Madrid, JODI L. JOHNSON-MAYNARD, University of Idaho, MONIKA JOSCHKO, Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research, NOBUHIRO KANEKO, Fukushima University, RADOSLAVA KANIANSKA, Matej Bel University, AIDAN M. KEITH, Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research, MARIA L. KERNECKER, Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research, ARMAND W. KONÉ, Université Nangui Abrogoua, YAHYA KOOCH, Tarbiat Modares University, SANNA T. KUKKONEN, Natural Resources Institute Finland, H. LALTHANZARA, Pachhunga University College, DANIEL R. LAMMEL, Freie Universität Berlin, IURII M. LEBEDEV, Russian Academy of Sciences, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, EDITH LE CADRE, Institut Agro, NOA K. LINCOLN, University of Hawai’i at Manoa, DANILO LÓPEZ-HERNÁNDEZ, Universidad Central de Venezuela, SCOTT R. LOSS, Oklahoma State University, RAPHAEL MARICHAL, Univ Montpellier, RADIM MATULA, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, YUKIO MINAMIYA, Tochigi Prefectural Museum, JAN HENDRIK MOOS, Thuenen-Institute of Biodiversity, GERARDO MORENO, University of Extremadura, ALEJANDRO MORÓN-RÍOS, El Colegio de la Frontera Sur, HASEGAWA MOTOHIRO, Doshisha University, BART MUYS, Department of Earth & Environmental Sciences, Division of Forest, Nature and Landscape, JOHAN NEIRYNCK, Research Institute for Nature and Forest, LINDSEY NORGROVE, Bern University of Applied Sciences, MARTA NOVO, University Complutense of Madrid, VISA NUUTINEN, Natural Resources Institute Finland, VICTORIA NUZZO, Natural Area Consultants, P. MUJEEB RAHMAN, PSMO College, JOHAN PANSU, CSIRO Ocean and Atmosphere, Sorbonne Université, SHISHIR PAUDEL, Oklahoma State University, Phipps Conservatory and Botanical Gardens, GUÉNOLA PÉRÈS, CNRS-Université de Rennes, Institut Agro, LORENZO PÉREZ CAMACHO, University of Alcalá, JEAN-FRANÇOIS PONGE, Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, JÖRG PRIETZEL, Technical University of Munich, IRINA B. RAPOPORT, Russian Academy of Sciences, MUHAMMAD IMTIAZ RASHID, King Abdulaziz University, SALVADOR REBOLLO, University of Alcalá, MIGUEL Á. RODRÍGUEZ, University of Alcalá, ALEXANDER M. ROTH, University of Minnesot, Friends of the Mississippi River, GUILLAUME X. ROUSSEAU, Maranhão State University, Federal University of Maranhão, ANNA ROZEN, University of Wisconsin, EHSAN SAYAD, Razi University, LOES VAN SCHAIK, Wageningen University & Research, BRYANT SCHARENBROCH, University of Wisconsin, MICHAEL SCHIRRMANN, Leibniz Institute for Agricultural Engineering and Bioeconomy, OLAF SCHMIDT, University College Dublin, Agriculture and Food Science Centre, BORIS SCHRÖDER, Technische Universität Braunschweig, JULIA SEEBER, University of Innsbruck, MAXIM P. SHASHKOV, Russian Academy of Sciences, JASWINDER SINGH, Khalsa College Amritsar, SANDY M. SMITH, University of Toronto, MICHAEL STEINWANDTER, Institute for Alpine Environment, KATALIN SZLAVECZ, Johns Hopkins University, EMILY R. WEBSTER, University of California, NATHANIEL H. WEHR, University of Hawaii, JOANN K. WHALEN, Natural Resource Sciences, McGill University, MICHAEL B. WIRONEN, The Nature Conservancy, VOLKMAR WOLTERS, Animal Ecology, Justus Liebig University, PENGFEI WU, Southwest Minzu University, IRINA V. ZENKOVA, Institute of North Industrial Ecology Problems, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Station biologique de Roscoff (SBR), and Technical University of Munich (TUM)

Subjects
Data Descriptor, Distribuição Geográfica, Plan_S-Compliant-OA, Soil, Biomass, biodiversity, Diversity, Ecology, Biodiversidade, Biodiversity, eliöyhteisöt, maaperäeliöstö, PE&RC, Computer Science Applications, Multidisciplinary Sciences, Biogeography, international, 1181 Ecology, evolutionary biology, Ecosystem engineers, Science & Technology - Other Topics, Statistics, Probability and Uncertainty, Information Systems, Statistics and Probability, lierot, Science, Invertebrados, Library and Information Sciences, [SDV.SA.SDS]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Soil study, Ecology and Environment, Education, eliömaantiede, [SDV.EE.ECO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Ecosystems, Minhoca, Serviço ambiental, BIODIVERSITY CHANGE, Life Science, Ecosystem services, Earthworms, Datasets, Animals, Spatial distribution, Community ecology, Oligochaeta, Laboratorium voor Nematologie, Ecosystem, 1172 Environmental sciences, biogeography, Science & Technology, LAND-USE, Biology and Life Sciences, PLATFORM, Bodemfysica en Landbeheer, Ecología, Ecossistema, biodiversiteetti, Soil Physics and Land Management, Solo, Biologia do Solo, maaperäeläimistö, 570 Life sciences, biology, eartworm, abundance, biomass, diversity, Laboratory of Nematology, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, COMMUNITIES, community ecology
Abstract

Earthworms are an important soil taxon as ecosystem engineers, providing a variety of crucial ecosystem functions and services. Little is known about their diversity and distribution at large spatial scales, despite the availability of considerable amounts of local-scale data. Earthworm diversity data, obtained from the primary literature or provided directly by authors, were collated with information on site locations, including coordinates, habitat cover, and soil properties. Datasets were required, at a minimum, to include abundance or biomass of earthworms at a site. Where possible, site-level species lists were included, as well as the abundance and biomass of individual species and ecological groups. This global dataset contains 10,840 sites, with 184 species, from 60 countries and all continents except Antarctica. The data were obtained from 182 published articles, published between 1973 and 2017, and 17 unpublished datasets. Amalgamating data into a single global database will assist researchers in investigating and answering a wide variety of pressing questions, for example, jointly assessing aboveground and belowground biodiversity distributions and drivers of biodiversity change., Measurement(s) earthworm communities • Abundance • organic material • Diversity • environmental properties Technology Type(s) digital curation Factor Type(s) location Sample Characteristic - Organism Lumbricina Sample Characteristic - Environment soil Sample Characteristic - Location global Machine-accessible metadata file describing the reported data: 10.6084/m9.figshare.13399118

Published
2021

Catalog

Books, media, physical & digital resources
See catalog results