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We study the relaxation time of a plasma which is perturbed by means of a time-dependent pulsed force. This time pulse is modelled using a Gaussian superposition. During such a pulse two forces are considered: An inhomogeneous oscillating electric force and the corresponding ponderomotive force. The evolution of such an ensemble is driven by the Boltzmann Equation, and the perturbed population is described by a power-law distribution function. In this work, as a new feature, instead the usual techniques the transient between both distributions is analysed using the Central Limit Theorem. This technique, together with the ad hoc solved equation of motion of the charges under this particular system of pulsed forces, allows to find the corresponding expressions relating the time pulse with the relaxation times and the dynamic conditions. Furthermore, numerical estimates are also presented. As a result, we show a persistence effect of excitation at high frequencies, when the initial excitation pulse has already ended. The concatenation of such successive pulses could be of interest, for example, in experimental applications with pulsed lasers., Comment: 17 pages, 8 figures

In this paper, analogies between multiparticle production in high-energy collisions and the time evolution of the early universe are discussed. A common explanation is put forward under the assumption of an unconventional early state: a rapidly expanding universe before recombination (last scattering surface), followed by the CMB, later evolving up to present days, versus the formation of hidden/dark states in hadronic collisions followed by a conventional QCD parton shower yielding final-state particles. In particular, long-range angular correlations are considered pointing out deep connections between the two physical cases potentially useful for the discovery of new physics., Comment: 9 pages, 5 figures

This work discusses about the transport coefficients for non equilibrium hot metals. First, we review the role of the non equilibrium Kappa distribution in which the Kappa parameter varies with the temperature. A brief discussion compares such distribution with the classical non equilibrium function. Later, we analyze the generalized electrical conductivity obtained from the evolution of the Kappa distribution. Also, we reexamine the connection between a material-dependent coefficient which can be extracted from the thermionic emission and the melting point of the metal. We extend previous studies by analyzing additional metals used as thermionic emitters. Finally, in the light of the Wiedemann-Franz Law, we present a new generalized thermal conductivity, which is also applied to several metals., Comment: 5 pages, 5 figures

The stationary thermionic electron emission currents from heated metals are compared against an analytical expression derived using a non equilibrium quantum Kappa energy distribution for the electrons. This later depends on the temperature decreasing parameter $\kappa(T)$ which can be estimated from the raw experimental data and characterizes the departure of the electron energy spectrum from the equilibrium Fermi-Dirac statistics. The calculations accurately predict the measured thermionic emission currents for both high and moderate temperature ranges. The Richardson-Dushman law governs the electron emission for large values of Kappa or equivalently, for moderate metal temperatures. The high energy tail in the electron energy distribution function which develops at higher temperatures or lower Kappa parameters, increases the emission currents well over the predictions of the classical expression. This analysis also permits the quantitative estimation of the departure of the metal electrons from the equilibrium Fermi-Dirac statistics., Comment: 5 pages, 4 figures

We examine the electronic width ratios of Upsilon resonances below the BBbar threshold by means of an effective (Cornell-type) QCD potential incorporating 1/m_b corrections obtained from a prior fit to the bottomonium spectrum. From our analysis we conclude that the Upsilon(2S) and Upsilon(3S) states should belong to the strong-coupling (nonperturbative) regime while the Upsilon(1S) state should belong to the weak-coupling (perturbative) regime, in agreement with a previous study based on radiative decays., Comment: 8 pages

This paper presents the basics of the QQ-onia package, a software based upon the Numerov method which can be used to solve the Schrodinger radial equation using a suitable potential V(r) for the heavy quarkonium system. This package also allows the analysis of relevant properties of those resonances such as the wave functions at the origin, their corresponding derivatives for l \neq 0 states, typical heavy quark velocities, and mean square radii. Besides, it includes a tool to analize the spin-dependent contributions to the heavy quarkonia spectrum, providing the hyperfine splittings, as well as the nPJ energy levels. Finally, a simple software implemented in QQ-onia to compute E1 transition rates is presented., Comment: 30 pages, 3 figures, a new section on spin-dependent terms in the potential has been added