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Climate change is a growing concern for farmers and food systems across the globe, raising interest in their resilience to climate change. Thus, exploring farm resilience in various contexts may help understand its prerequisites and build context and scale-specific strategies. Using an adaptive cycle framework through a survey-based assessment of the resilience of farmers in Uganda and Switzerland, we assessed farmers’ resilience across a set of 13 behaviour-based indicators. Farm resilience appeared to be differently constructed in each context. While in Uganda, farmers maintain a high degree of resilience through local community interconnections and agroecological practices, Swiss farmers rely more on institutional support, high access to information and new technologies. Additionally, the self-perceived resilience proved to be strongly and positively correlated to the overall farm resilience, further supporting the potential for more participatory approaches. In a complex field where methodologies are numerous and contexts vary dramatically, flexible yet consistent tools based on participatory approaches may pave the way to context-specific recommendations to stakeholders to strengthen farming system resilience under different context found around the world., Journal of Rural Studies, 89, ISSN:0743-0167

The world is facing a malnutrition crisis in the midst of rising rates of urbanization; more than half of the world’s population lives in urban areas, a number that is expected to reach two-thirds by 2050, consuming 80% of the world’s food. Instead of the development of existing cities into ‘mega-cities,’ urbanization is creating a patchwork of smaller urban areas. In 2018, close to half of the world’s urban residents lived in settlements or towns with less than 500,000 inhabitants. These settlements are classified as secondary cities and are, in terms of population, the fastest growing urban areas. Poor diets among city inhabitants are the consequence of a combination of forces. These include changes in types of occupation, particularly for women; food-environment factors; shifts in norms and attitudes regarding food; globalization of food supply chains; lack of infrastructure; post-harvest food loss and waste, etc. Secondary cities offer entry points for food system transformation. Secondary cities are characterized by strong urban-rural linkages and the opportunity for localized food production and consumption. These cities could also play a key role in enhancing resilience to food security shocks. This chapter discusses the challenge of the growing triple burden of malnutrition in urban contexts and argues for the important role of secondary cities in transforming urban food systems. Through three case studies of secondary cities in LMICs, these cities are shown as emerging players in nutrition-centered food system interventions.

International audience; The article analyses the dynamics of livestock systems in an Albanian mountainous territory under strong socio-economic, geographic and historical constraints. The objective is to understand the processes that have led to the coexistence of contrasting livestock systems in this territory and to show how this coexistence is linked to the use of pastoral resources. Following the fall of the communist regime in 1991, the strong migration of the population to the lowland areas and the increase of the demand for dairy and meat products has resulted in increased production and herd size in this territory, with increased pressure on pastoral resources. The surveys carried out in five villages make it possible to propose a typology of livestock systems, showing the diversity of economic results and uses of pastoral resources. These results question the evolution of pastoral farming in Albania in the context of a possible integration of this country into the European Union.; L’article analyse la dynamique des systèmes d’élevage d’un territoire montagneux albanais sous fortes contraintes socio-économiques, géographiques et historiques. L’objectif est de comprendre les processus qui ont conduit à la coexistence de systèmes d’élevage contrastés dans ce territoire et de montrer comment cette coexistence est liée à l’utilisation des ressources pastorales. Suite à la chute du régime communiste en 1991, la forte migration de la population vers les zones de plaine et la croissance de la demande pour les produits laitiers et carnés ont entraîné une augmentation de la production et de la taille des troupeaux dans ce territoire, avec une pression accrue sur les ressources pastorales. Les enquêtes réalisées dans cinq villages permettent de proposer une typologie des systèmes d’élevage, montrant la diversité des résultats économiques et des usages des ressources pastorales. Ces résultats questionnent l’évolution de l’élevage pastoral en Albanie dans le cadre d’une possible intégration de ce pays à l’Union européenne.

The complex process through which agricultural research stimulates innovation and achieves policy goals has commonly been treated as a ‘black box’ in the scientific literature. Statistical correlations between measured expenditure and impacts, where satisfactorily established, have mostly led to details of the research and innovation system being ignored. However, identifying and exploring causal chains of impact propagation can strengthen agricultural innovation. IMPRESA investigated impact mechanisms for research‐based innovations in six case studies using a Participatory Impact Pathway Assessment approach. Several suggestions result for improving performance and public support for agricultural research. Planning for impact is needed at the design phase of research so that expected advances in technology and their consequences can be explored. At that stage and throughout the research process, soft social skills are required to promote uptake. Greater impact can be achieved through the close involvement of key public and private sector stakeholders, using stakeholder mapping as a supporting tool. There is a strong argument for the close involvement of relevant social scientists and professional facilitators from the design phase of research through to its ultimate impacts. Funding frameworks and the specification of calls for tenders would function more effectively by giving more flexibility for stakeholder engagement.

Summary In the context of de-regulation of the coffee sector, the registration of some Geographical Indications (GIs) has recently been implemented. This paper aims at answering to the following research question: how does GIs’ process (protection and management) help to rationalize the role of the state in the coffee sector? In Colombia, the National Coffee Growers Federation took all initiatives for the registration and implementation of Cafe de Colombia as a GI both in Colombia and in European Union and manages also the GI use. In Kenya, the Coffee Directorate registered the certification trademark “Coffee Kenya, So Rich So Kenyan” and acts as public body in charge of managing the coffee sector. Although both countries conceived different approaches, there is a common strategic line, which consists in attempting to secure downstream value of the long lasting origin coffee branding and in strengthening the quality management system. This paper shows that discrepancies in public intervention in the coffee industry depend on the empowerment of producers in this industry irrespective of the legal tool to protect GIs.

Yam (Dioscorea sp.) is an understudied tuber crop despite its importance for food security, income generation, culture, and health in West Africa. Traditional yam cropping practices in West Africa deliver low yields and lead to environmental degradation. In the context of a ‘research for development’ project, we developed and implemented a participatory and transdisciplinary research approach as a means to derive more sustainable yam production practices. We identified and studied different soil and plant management technologies adapted to varying biophysical and socio-economic contexts. For this purpose, we established innovation platforms (IPs) in four yam growing regions of West Africa, to validate the new technologies and to promote their adoption. These co-developed technologies were set up and tested first in researcher-managed plots before doing the same in farmer-managed plots. The new technologies resulted in a significant increase in yam productivity compared to conventional practices. The results discussed in the IPs gained interest from regional stakeholders and were shared through the media at local and national levels. Overall, this development-focused research approach showcases the relevance of purposeful stakeholder involvement to improve agricultural research outcomes, Sustainability, 12 (10), ISSN:2071-1050

International audience; This article discusses the economic dimensions of agroecological farming systems in Europe. It firstly theoretically elaborates the reasons why, and under what conditions, agroecological farming systems have the potential to produce higher incomes than farms that follow the conventional logic. This theoretical exposition is then followed by a presentation of empirical material from a wide range of European countries that shows the extent to which this potential is being realized. The empirical data draw upon different styles of farming that can be described as ‘proto-agroecological’: approaches to farming that are agroecological by nature, but which may not necessarily explicitly define themselves as agroecological. The empirical material that we present shows the huge potential and radical opportunities that Europe's, often silent, ‘agroecological turn’ offers to farmers that could (and should) be the basis for the future transformation of European agricultural policies, since agroecology not only allows for more sustainable production of healthier food but also considerably improves farmers' incomes. It equally carries the promise of re-enlarging productive agricultural (and related) employment and increasing the total income generated by the agricultural sector, at both regional and national levels. While we recognise that agroecology is a worldwide and multidimensional phenomenon we have chosen to limit this analysis to Europe and the economic dimension. This choice is made in order to refute current discourses that represent agroecology as unproductive and unprofitable and an option that would require massive subsidies.

Climate change is a global phenomenon. Its impact on agricultural activities in developing countries has increased dramatically. Understanding how farmers perceive climate change and how they adapt to it is very important to the implementation of adequate policies for agricultural and food security. This paper aims to contribute to an understanding of farmers’ adaptation choices, determinants of the adaptation choices and the long-term implications of the adaptation choices. Data were collected from 120 respondents in the Zou Department of Benin. A binary logit model was used to analyze the factors influencing household decisions to adapt to climate change. Multinomial logistic regression analysis was estimated to analyze the factors influencing households’ choice of adaptation strategies to climate change. The results show that farmers have a developed perception of climate change. These changes are translated by rainfall disturbances (rainfall delays, early cessation, bad rainfall distribution etc.), shortening of the small dry season, increasing of temperature and sometimes, violent winds. The survey reveals that Benin farmers adopt many strategies in response to climate change. These strategies include “Crop–livestock diversification and other good practices (mulching, organic fertilizer),” “Use of improved varieties, chemical fertilizers and pesticides,” “Agroforestry and perennial plantation” and “Diversification of income-generating activities.” The findings also reveal that most of the respondents use these strategies in combination. From the binary logit model, we know that “farming experience” and “educational level of household head” positively influence adaptation decisions. The result of the multinomial logit analysis shows that farming experience, educational level, farm size and gender have a significant impact on climate change adaptation strategies. Based on in-depth analysis of each strategy, we identify crop diversification and agroforestry as being the most promising strategies with benefits for farmers, the environment and future generations.

Purpose – Drawing on a representative survey, this paper aims to identify the determinants of functional food consumption in Croatia. The objective is to introduce and test a conceptual model that four sets of factors (food choice motivations, demographic and socio-economic characteristics, knowledge of functional food and health status) underpin variations in functional food consumption. Design/methodology/approach – Data were collected via face-to-face interviews conducted in respondents' homes. Consumption of functional foods is modelled as a bootstrapped ordered probit model. Findings – Results confirm the significant influence of all four sets of factors for explaining variations in functional food consumption. Heavier users of functional food are those that place a greater weighting on health and convenience in food choice. In contrast, the salience of familiarity in food choice is negatively related with functional food consumption. Females and those with higher levels of educational attainment are heavier consumers of functional food. While perceived health status appears not to have any significant relationship with functional food consumption, there is a link with body mass index. Functional foods appeal most to those concerned about their health and desire convenient, “quick fixes”. Such “quick fixes” may however be employed at the expense of more fundamental adjustments to diet and fitness, which may provide the basis for superior overall disease prevention/health promotion. Originality/value – The study represents one of the first assessments of functional food consumption in Central and Eastern Europe, introducing and testing a comprehensive conceptual model.

This paper investigates threats to farm management in the northern and central region of Côte d’Ivoire, with a particular focus on climate-related threats. To this end, farmers’ perception and adaptation strategies for climate change have been analyzed. The data were collected from 205 respondents by means of the Focus Groups method, and they were evaluated using a framework analysis. The main reported threats related to the implementation of farming activities are the high cost of inputs and the lack of technical support, which are followed by diseases, insects, and climate variations (scarcity of rains, strong winds, and high temperature). We find that most farmers have a strong perception of changes in climatic conditions. Their perceived impacts on the local environment through evidences like the disappearance of certain farming practices, occurrence of new insects, and the disruption of key time reference periods. Farmers mainly attempt to adapt by adjusting their agricultural calendar, adopting new short-season varieties, and using mixed cropping. We find that the most influential factors for farmers’ adaptation behavior is lack of contact with extension services and the scarcity of rainfall. Our suggestions for future agricultural policies for better adaptation to climate change are to take into account farmers’ perception, to provide suitable climate forecast, and to improve local technical support., Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change, 19 (2), ISSN:1381-2386, ISSN:1573-1596

BACKGROUND Western Balkan countries (WBCs) have a long-standing culinary tradition. The promotion of traditional foods may be a tool for coping with modernisation trends in such transition economies. This paper explores consumer preferences toward food in this region, focusing on a traditional fresh cow cheese locally called ‘Mladi Sir’. This product was quoted in all the preliminary focus groups as a common traditional product present in the six WBCs studied: Bosnia–Herzegovina, Croatia, Macedonia, Montenegro, Serbia and Slovenia. RESULTS After a literature review investigating the concept of traditional food in WBCs and the implementation of focus groups, a survey including a conjoint analysis on preferences for fresh cow cheese was carried out in 2011 to collect data from 1200 respondents. Four clusters of consumers were identified: one focused more on the local origin; one oriented more toward the scale of production (on-farm and small dairy); the third favouring low prices and the fourth preferring high prices and industrial products. CONCLUSION Policy makers and the supply chain could take these differences in consumer preferences regarding traditional food products into account in order to develop specific strategies. © 2013 Society of Chemical Industry

This paper aims to assess the contribution, role, and impacts of the Science-Based Research and Innovation Program (ISRIP) on farmers’ transition to organic production in the Camargue. Focusing on how, and to what extent, research actors have contributed to the innovation pathway, we applied a methods-mix. The Participatory Impact Pathway Analysis (PIPA) was used to uncover complex mechanisms along the innovation process; the Outcome Harvesting method to adapt PIPA to the requirements of an ex-post evaluation, and the Social Network Analysis (SNA) to emphasize actors’ relationships in relation to the development process. We demonstrate that the research has contributed to change by developing co-learning interactions with farmers, although this was not critical to the success of the innovation. Rather, we highlight that agricultural policies, economic factors, testing conducted independently by farmers, and the institutional framework, are the most important and influential factors.JEL Codes: O32

During the first programming period of the Common agricultural policy (CAP), a vast majority of policy tools (belonging to first and second pillar of the CAP, Natura 2000) were not implemented in Romania, because of the difficulties to implement them. This paper discusses the pro and contra arguments for the extending the single payment scheme in the new CAP (2014-2020), and especially for the small farms. We investigate the functioning of a rural community located in a remote mountainous area, and discuss whether the current farming system, based on very small farms, produce not only agricultural goods, but at same time many positive externalities like extreme rich biodiversity and social stability. Indeed, if the traditional, extensive but very small scale farming systems would decline in the future, current highly performing environmental services would decline in parallel. At the same time, social inclusion will decline as well, as there is currently no alternative for the family farms to find sufficient sources of incomes neither in Romania nor in Europe. Therefore, the single payment scheme may have positive impacts not only for the security of incomes of the farms, but as well for the social welfare of the rural communities and for the preservation of highvalue biodiversity in this area.

Local food has recently gained popularity under the assumption that it is more sustainable than food from distant locations. However, evidence is still lacking to fully support this assumption. The goal of this study is to compare local and global food chains in five dimensions of sustainability (environmental, economic, social, ethical and health), covering all stages of the chain. In particular, four cheese supply chains are compared in detail: a local (L’Etivaz) and global (Le Gruyère) case in Switzerland and a local (Single Gloucester) and global (Cheddar) case in the UK. A multi-dimensional perspective is adopted to compare their sustainability performance. Eight attributes of performance (affordability, creation and distribution of added value, information and communication, consumer behaviour, resource use, biodiversity, nutrition and animal welfare) are used to frame the comparative analysis. The results suggest that local cheese performs better in the field of added value creation and distribution, animal welfare and biodiversity. Global chains, by contrast, perform better in terms of affordability and efficiency and some environmental indicators. This analysis needed to be expressed in qualitative terms rather than quantified indicators and it has been especially useful to identify the critical issues and trade-offs that hinder sustainability at different scales. Cheese supply chains in Switzerland and the UK also often present hybrid arrangements in term of local and global scales. Comparison is therefore most meaningful when presented on a local (farmhouse)/global (creamery) continuum ISSN:2071-1050

Substantial empirical evidence exists regarding the importance of different factors underlying food choice in Western Europe. However, research results on eating habits and food choice in the Western Balkan Countries (WBCs) remain scarce. A Food Choice Questionnaire (FCQ), an instrument that measures the reported importance of nine factors underlying food choice, was administered to a representative sample of 3085 adult respondents in six WBCs. The most important factors reported are sensory appeal, purchase convenience, and health and natural content; the least important are ethical concern and familiarity. The ranking of food choice motives across WBCs was strikingly similar. Factor analysis revealed eight factors compared to nine in the original FCQ model: health and natural content scales loaded onto one factor as did familiarity and ethical concern; the convenience scale items generated two factors, one related to purchase convenience and the other to preparation convenience. Groups of consumers with similar motivational profiles were identified using cluster analysis. Each cluster has distinct food purchasing behavior and socio-economic characteristics, for which appropriate public health communication messages can be drawn.

Cet article examine les conditions et les limites de la transposition du dispositif européen de protection des indications géographiques (IG) dans les Balkans. L’analyse de deux études de cas, l’une en Bosnie Herzégovine et l’autre en Serbie, permet d’identifier les caractéristiques de ce transfert institutionnel et révèle les enjeux locaux de négociation autour du sens et des objectifs à donner à la protection d’un produit. La nature de la protection des IG dans les Balkans résulte de l’action de nouveaux acteurs économiques et institutionnels dans un contexte général de restructuration des filières et de transition institutionnelle importante. This article considers the conditions for the implementation of geographical indications (GI) protection (following the European model of GI protection) in the Balkans. The analysis of two case studies in Bosnia and Herzegovina and Serbia highlights the specificities of this institutional transfer and the local negotiation stakes on the meaning and the objectives to be given to a product protection. The very nature of the GI protection in the Balkans results from the action of new economic and institutional stakeholders in a general context of supply chains reorganizations and of important institutional transition.

La Suisse, au cœur de l’Europe, constitue, en matière de politique agricole, un cas d’étude intéressant. Alors que les politiques agricoles des pays environnants sont dans une bonne mesure coulées dans le même moule, celui de la Politique agricole commune (PAC), la Suisse garde une politique agricole spécifique, fortement territorialisée, qu’elle a su faire évoluer de manière originale. Sans ignorer les limites de toute démarche comparative, en raison notamment des hétérogénéités géographiques et d’échelle, cet article vise à mettre en forme, à partir d’une comparaison entre la Suisse et la France, quelques éléments d’analyse et de questionnement pour une évaluation des politiques respectives menées de part et d’autre. Swiss agricultural policy, as Switzerland is in the hearth of Europe, offers an interesting case to be studied. Whilst agricultural policies of the neighboring countries are very similar, depending for a large part from the Common Agricultural Policy, Switzerland held a specific agricultural policy, with a strong territorial dimension, and has been able to change it recently in an original manner. Without ignoring the limits of any comparative analysis, notably due to the geographical and scale heterogeneity, this paper aims to highlight some elements of analysis and some questions and to assess the agricultural policies implemented respectively in France and Switzerland.

© 2016 by the authors; licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This paper summarizes the main findings of the GLAMUR project which starts with an apparently simple question: is "local" more sustainable than "global"? Sustainability assessment is framed within a post-normal science perspective, advocating the integration of public deliberation and scientific research. The assessment spans 39 local, intermediate and global supply chain case studies across different commodities and countries. Assessment criteria cover environmental, economic, social, health and ethical sustainability dimensions. A closer view of the food system demonstrates a highly dynamic local-global continuum where actors, while adapting to a changing environment, establish multiple relations and animate several chain configurations. The evidence suggests caution when comparing "local" and "global" chains, especially when using the outcomes of the comparison in decision-making. Supply chains are analytical constructs that necessarily-and arbitrarily-are confined by system boundaries, isolating a set of elements from an interconnected whole. Even consolidated approaches, such as Life Cycle Assessment (LCA), assess only a part of sustainability attributes, and the interpretation may be controversial. Many sustainability attributes are not yet measurable and "hard" methodologies need to be complemented by "soft" methodologies which are at least able to identify critical issues and trade-offs. Aware of these limitations, our research shows that comparing local and global chains, with the necessary caution, can help overcome a prioripositions that so far have characterized the debate between "localists" and "globalists". At firm level, comparison between "local" and "global" chains could be useful to identify best practices, benchmarks, critical points, and errors to avoid. As sustainability is not a status to achieve, but a never-ending process, comparison and deliberation can be the basis of a "reflexive governance" of food chains. ispartof: Sustainability vol:8 issue:5 status: published

This paper evaluates the relevance of undertaking a Social Network Analysis (SNA) to better understand the role played by the network of actors during innovation processes as well as validate stakeholders’ views on actors’ relationships in a case study on the transition to organic farming in the Camargue territory (South of France). The SNA method is part of a set of methods that forms an approach that was developed to evaluate ex-post the impacts of agronomic research in the framework of the European research project IMPRESA. The analysis particularly confirms, through the indicator of Betweenness, the growing role played by INRA (French National Institute of Agronomic Research) in the network and its contribution to the transition to organic agriculture. This is due in particular to closer relationships between farmers and INRA. The results also indicate a growing role played by CIRAD (Agricultural Research Center for International Development) through the lens of increased relationships with farmers. Additionally, the analysis confirms the great influence of the creation of the firm Biosud in 2003 on the transition to organic farming. SNA proved to be an excellent research tool for confirming stakeholders’ statements about impact pathway, the events described in it, and the intensity of links between events. The reconstruction of the actor network over 5 different periods allows a significant deepening of the analysis. This method could be more largely used in evaluating impacts of research. Résumé Cet article évalue la pertinence de réaliser une Analyse du réseau social (SNA) afin de mieux comprendre le rôle joué par le réseau d’acteurs au cours des processus d’innovation, ainsi que pour valider les dires des parties prenantes sur les relations entre acteurs dans un cas d’étude sur la transition vers l’agriculture biologique en Camargue (sud de la France). La méthode SNA fait partie d’un ensemble de méthodes formant une approche qui a été développée pour l’évaluation ex-post des impacts de la recherche agronomique dans le cadre du projet de recherche européen IMPRESA. L’analyse confirme en particulier, à travers l’indicateur de Betweenness (intermédiarité), le rôle grandissant joué par l’INRA (Institut national de la recherche agronomique) sur le réseau et sa contribution à la transition vers l’agriculture biologique. Ceci est la conséquence en particulier de relations plus étroites entre les agriculteurs et l’INRA. Les résultats indiquent également un rôle plus important joué par le Cirad (Centre de coopération internationale en recherche agronomique pour le développement) par le biais de relations renforcées avec les agriculteurs. De plus, l’analyse confirme l’influence importante de la création de la firme Biosud en 2003 sur la transition vers l’agriculture biologique. La méthode SNA apparaît être un excellent outil de recherche pour confirmer les dires d’acteurs sur le chemin de l’impact, les évènements inclus dans celui-ci, et l’intensité des liens entre les évènements. La reconstruction du réseau d’acteurs sur cinq périodes différentes permet de renforcer significativement les résultats de l’analyse. Cette méthode pourrait être utilisée plus largement pour évaluer les impacts de la recherche.

Objectives: This study aims to identify subgroups of consumers based on the health motives underlying their food choice in Western Balkan Countries. Methods: The survey (n = 2943) was based on the Food Choice Questionnaire (FCQ) and elicited information on socio-demographic characteristics, consumption frequency of healthy food products, nutrition knowledge and impulsiveness. Analysis of the FCQ data focused on items of “health and natural content” and “weight control” factors to identify clusters. Results: The biggest group of the sample was weight control and health-concerned individuals (34 %), mainly urban women older than 50. The second group of respondents (31 %) was moderately motivated about health and weight. A third group was health concerned but paid less attention to weight control (21 %), mainly comprising men and people living with children. The last group consisted of unconcerned young men (14 %) eating less fruit and showing higher impulsiveness. Conclusions: Western Balkan consumers differ in the importance they attach to health and natural content and weight control. This insight is needed to target interventions.

Background: The objective of our study was to explore the knowledge, attitudes and practices of Macedonian consumers towards functional foods, to predict future trends and to assess the national public health policies encompassing the functional foods market.Methods: Total of 518 respondents aged 18+, from all regions in the country participated in the study. They were sampled through three-staged national representative sampling procedures. The questionnaire comprised questions regarding the level of information about functional foods, trust in health claims, frequency of consumption and knowledge and attitudes related to those foods. Statistical significance was determined at p

Western Balkan countries (WBCs) have a long-standing culinary tradition. The promotion of traditional foods may be a tool for coping with modernisation trends in such transition economies. This paper explores consumer preferences toward food in this region, focusing on a traditional fresh cow cheese locally called 'Mladi Sir'. This product was quoted in all the preliminary focus groups as a common traditional product present in the six WBCs studied: Bosnia-Herzegovina, Croatia, Macedonia, Montenegro, Serbia and Slovenia.After a literature review investigating the concept of traditional food in WBCs and the implementation of focus groups, a survey including a conjoint analysis on preferences for fresh cow cheese was carried out in 2011 to collect data from 1200 respondents. Four clusters of consumers were identified: one focused more on the local origin; one oriented more toward the scale of production (on-farm and small dairy); the third favouring low prices and the fourth preferring high prices and industrial products.Policy makers and the supply chain could take these differences in consumer preferences regarding traditional food products into account in order to develop specific strategies.

This chapter introduces and evaluates the main models that seek to understand consumer behaviour relating to food. Three of the most influential approaches applied specifically to understand food choice are described in detail, and their strengths and weaknesses are discussed: (a) economic (household and random utility) models, (b) the food choice process model and (c) the theory of reasoned action/theory of planned behaviour. The selection of these three groups of models reflects their influence within the food choice literature and use within policy studies. Given the large number of empirical studies that have validated the theory of planned behaviour for the study of food choice, this model was selected as a core theoretical framework for the Focus Balkans project. From reviewing the models, conclusions are drawn relating to the current state of the literature on food choice.

In the context of climate change in developing countries, smallholder farmers need strategies and institutional support in order to adapt. The goal of this paper is to identify and analyze stakeholder networks in the agricultural sector of Côte d’Ivoire to evaluate the institutional support surrounding farmers. A research study was undertaken to derive an empirical diagnosis of strengths and weaknesses in the social networks in two regions, Toumodi and Korhogo, in order to facilitate the future implementation of adaptation strategies. We identified central actors and evaluated networks with criteria such as cohesion and centrality. The network structure appeared to be highly dependent on one major actor in the Toumodi region, while the regional network relied more on a group of diverse actors in the Korhogo region. Therefore, in Toumodi, we suggest encouraging actors to form cooperatives to reduce centralization and increase network cohesion and integration, which is the favorable network configuration for policy implementation. As such, sharing experiences and knowledge could enhance the ability of smallholder farmers to adapt to climate change.

The technological and organisational solutions the agricultural sector has undertaken in the past are not always compatible with the constraints and opportunities that the rural economy and society will face in the future. There is growing agreement that the goal of sustainability cannot be fulfilled without a profound change in the way the economy is organised. Innovation policies are among the most suitable instruments for this purpose. The article, based on the SOLINSA conceptual framework, adopts a network approach to innovation policies. Based on empirical evidence collected from case studies across Europe in the first phase of the project, the paper proposes the concept of Learning and Innovation Networks for Sustainable Agriculture (LINSA). LINSA are defined as ‘networks of producers, customers, experts, Non-Governmental Organisations, Small and Medium Enterprises, local administrations and components of the formal Agricultural Knowledge System (AKS), that are mutually engaged with common goals for sustainable agriculture and rural development – cooperating, sharing resources and co-producing new knowledge by creating conditions for communication'. The article proposes that LINSA be considered as policy devices – in line with the European Innovation Partnership initiative – to foster innovation in the direction of sustainability goals as advocated by Europe 2020 strategy.

Ce dossier explore quelques aspects de la politique agricole et de l’economie rurale suisses. Fondee sur la notion de securite alimentaire dans l’apres-guerre, la politique agricole suisse a d’abord ete marquee par la volonte de preserver une capacite productive capable de nourrir sa population en cas de crise ou de conflit. Elle a donc etabli une forte protection aux frontieres et des aides selectives toujours plus importantes en faveur des exploitations situees en zone defavorisee, particul...

This paper investigates farmers’ response to climate change mitigation strategies in Swiss agriculture. It reports the results of a discriminant analysis carried out using data from a survey (n = 1’909) among farmers in the German-speaking part of Switzerland. Thereby, the main focus lies on the role of risk perception and barriers to adoption within a conceptual model of decision- making based on the protection motivation theory.