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Although significant progress has been achieved in isolated hepatocyte transplantation, the optimal site of cell implantation has not yet been determined. We have developed a novel experimental method of intraportal hepatocyte transplantation that allows easy assessment of the morphology and function of transplanted hepatocytes. Donor hepatocytes were harvested from Sprague-Dawley rats by in situ EDTA/collagenase perfusion. Fifteen recipient Nagase analbuminemic rats (NAR) underwent cannulation of the gastroduodenal vein under ether anesthesia. Either the posterior or anterior liver lobes were selectively infused with cells by occluding the portal venous supply of the nontransplanted liver lobes. Normal donor hepatocytes (2 x 10(7)) suspended in normal saline were infused over 1 min (4 ml). Recipients were treated with cyclosporine for the duration of the experiment. Plasma albumin levels were determined by ELISA, before and at various intervals after transplantation. In NAR rats transplanted with normal hepatocytes, there was a significant (P < 0.003) and sustained (12 weeks) increase in plasma albumin levels. Control NAR rats transplanted with NAR hepatocytes (n = 8) showed no significant changes in plasma albumin levels. Similarly, normal Wistar hepatocytes were infused intraportally into the posterior lobes of Gunn rats (n = 4), which lack the ability to conjugate bilirubin. Pre- and posttransplantation bile was collected following bile duct cannulation. Bile analysis by HPLC, demonstrated a significant (P = 0.04) increase in the level of bilirubin conjugates following transplantation and a corresponding decrease in total serum bilirubin (P = 0.04). Our experimental data demonstrate that direct selective intraportal infusion of hepatocytes is an effective technique of hepatocyte transplantation in the rat.

Primary correction of the unilateral cleft lip nasal deformity remains a challenge to the cleft surgeon. We wish to present a method of primary nasal correction utilizing presurgical orthopedics with the Latham dentomaxillary advancement appliance, concomitant rotation-advancement cleft lip repair, gingivoperiosteoplasty, and immediate correction of the nasal cartilage distortion with an "open technique" utilizing the rotation-advancement incisions. Direct elevation and suture fixation of the cleft side alar cartilage is performed as well as recreation of the normal upper lateral/lower lateral cartilage relationship, repair of nasal web, and release of the vestibular lining utilizing an L-flap pedicled to the alar base. Details of the operative technique, observations of unilateral cleft nasal anatomy as visualized with the "open technique," and preliminary results are illustrated in patients followed as long as 5 years.

OBJECTIVE: The authors developed an extracorporeal liver support system and tested its efficacy in experimental animals with liver failure. The first clinical use of this system to treat a patient with liver failure is reported. SUMMARY BACKGROUND DATA: Multiple attempts have been made, ranging from plasma exchange to use of charcoal columns, to develop liver support systems for treating patients with acute severe liver failure. None of these systems has achieved wide clinical use. There is a need for providing liver support as a "bridge" to transplantation and for treating patients with potentially reversible liver dysfunction. METHODS: A hybrid liver support system has been developed consisting of plasma perfusion through a charcoal column and a porous hollow fiber module inoculated with 5 x 10(9) matrix-attached hepatocytes. The system was tested in dogs with ischemic liver failure (n = 7) who underwent plasmapheresis; a control group (n = 6) underwent charcoal perfusion alone. A patient with liver failure was treated with this hybrid system. RESULTS: After 6 hours of hybrid liver support treatment, animals had significantly decreased serum ammonia and lactate levels, increased glucose level, normal prothrombin time, and increased systolic blood pressure compared with controls treated with charcoal perfusion alone. Use of the system to treat a patient was well tolerated with evidence of clinical improvement. CONCLUSIONS: Plasma perfusion through a system consisting of a charcoal column and matrix-attached porcine hepatocytes had significant beneficial effects in animals with liver failure and was well tolerated by a patient with liver failure.

Whole organ transplantation remains the only clinically effective method of treating acute and chronic liver failure due to specific genetic and other defects of liver function. However, there are several factors which limit the application of liver transplantation in the treatment of liver insufficiency: high cost, relatively high morbidity and limited organ donor availability. As a result, investigators have attempted to develop alternative methods to treat liver insufficiency due to genetic defects of liver function by using either isolated normal hepatocyte transplantation and/or in vitro and in vivo gene therapy techniques.

(1963). SEMI-LOGARITHMIC GRAPHS IN GEOGRAPHY. The Professional Geographer: Vol. 15, No. 5, pp. 19-23.

The transition zone is a segment of the urban landscape that we readily recognize but little understand. On the basis of an analysis of both historical and contemporary growth processes, the most precise concept of the transition zone thus far developed is presented. This concept is illustrated schematically, described, and interpreted. The zone is a dynamic phenomenon composed of three sectors: Active Assimilation, Passive Assimilation, and a discontinuous sector of General Inactivity. Each sector exhibits land-use nuclei which give essence and meaning to that particular sector. Major nucleations within the zone are wholesaling and related activities; automobile sales and services, and parking; public, organizational, and headquarters office establishments; financial and general offices, retail stores, and transient residences; and homogeneous heavy industrial districts.

(1965). SOME COMMENTS ON URBAN PLANNING AND THE GEOGRAPHER. The Professional Geographer: Vol. 17, No. 1, pp. 4-6.

The amplitude and phase of the fundamental and its harmonics at the output of various microwave solid state amplifiers have been measured as a function of load mismatch. Results are obtained for load impedances that lie on a selected series of VSWR circles on a Smith Chart and are presented as equi-power and equi-phase contours in the overall region of load variation. L-and S-band bipolar transistor modules designed for phased array antenna service and various experimental S-band TRAPATT amplifiers have been evaluated. The results are relevant to regulations on permissible radar emissions being drafted in the U.S.A.

Special microwave interferometers have been designed to make non-contact measurements of the movements associated with various physiological functions such as respiration, pulse, muscle action, reflexes, involuntary tremors, etc. For each interferometer the factors affecting resolution across a large moving surface, sensitivity to small amplitude displacement and maintenance of calibration have been studied and accurate direct measurement of surface displacement has been achieved with very low incident microwave power levels. Interferometers based on three port circulators are most sensitive but those based on magic tee hybrids are easier to operate. Movement of the chest, hands, legs and eyeball have been studied and potential for accurate correlation with EEG, ECG, or EMG records are evident.