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Copyright of Didacticae: Revista de Investigación en Didácticas Específicas is the property of Didacticae: Revista de Investigacion en Didacticas Especificas and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Studies in Oral Folk Literature / Estudis de Literatura Oral Popular is the property of Universitat Rovira I Virgili and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

For the demonstration of fusion power plant technology, DEMO dedicated materials are necessary to cope with the harsh environment of high energy neutrons. For this purpose, the international neutron irradiation facility for fusion materials IFMIF/DEMO Oriented Neutron Source (DONES) is planned to be built in Granda, Spain. In the DONES facility, a deuteron beam hitting the lithium target produces a high energy neutron flux. Due to the high-power density, the windowless target is a free surface liquid lithium flow in a duct with a concave backplate. In order to keep the heat released by the beam within the liquid lithium and to avoid its intrusion in the backplate, a stable configuration of the free surface flow with a setpoint layer thickness of 25 ± 1 mm is crucial. In particular, stable wave structures, so called wakes, which occur from accumulated impurities at the nozzle edge, can cause a critical local decrease in the layer thickness of more than 1 mm. Therefore, it is necessary to better understand the nature of these wakes and to be able to monitor the surface profile to shut down the beam in case of a critical thickness loss, but to avoid unintended shutdowns. In the context of this work, currently available optical sensors were tested on their capability of detecting a specular liquid metal surface at measurement distances of several meters. After an initial selection, two optical sensors were further considered. Experiments with the liquid metal alloy GaInSn and simulations with the software Blender of the selected optical sensors for their capability of measuring distances of liquid metal were conducted. The results showed a significant dependency of the measurement results on the waviness of the liquid metal surface. Nevertheless, it was possible to resolve the wavy liquid metal surface with a sufficient resolution to detect critical wake structures.

Integration of safety aspects in IFMIF-DONES design is a main objective of EUROfusion and European Commission projects. IFMIF-DONES will be a radioactive facility of the first category, and stringent safety objectives must be achieved and demonstrated. A very low acceptable risk for the worker, the public and the environment is the main principle in the design phase. The progress of safety activities is performed iteratively as detailed engineering develops, taking into account the uniqueness of the facility: a high-power deuterons accelerator (125 mA, 40 MeV), a target of flowing liquid lithium, traps for activation products, a dedicated-design module for irradiated samples, a massive shielding cooled room with confinement function, and a number of conventional systems with safety functions. Several phases are developed: (i) identification of sources and materials at risk, radioactive and nonradioactive, subject to potential mobilization, (ii) failure mode analysis and effects of systems, starting at the functional level, and support with probabilistic analysis, (iii) identification of scenarios leading to unacceptable risk if unmitigated, (iv) proposal of layers of defense by means of safety-credited components and design features, (v) deterministic analysis of scenarios in support of requirements, and (vi) definition and demonstration of safety requirements charged to components.

This paper presents an analysis of Law 17/2015, of July 21, on the effective equality of men and women, as the law that governs gender policies in Catalonia. These policies are analysed within the framework of the mandates of the Statutes of 1979 and 2006 and their competence limits. This paper places them in the context of state and regional legislation on equality. It explains the long gestation and approval of Law 17/2015, and the analysis focuses on its purpose, objectives, and structural principles. In particular, it reflects on the implementation of the principle of gender mainstreaming, on how the law responds to the allocation of household and childcare responsibilities, and on its effectiveness, and it assesses if the measures provided for in the law are adequate to fulfil its purpose. The conclusions highlight the importance of this law, but also the difficulties of its challenges. Finally, it is stated that in order to consolidate the ambitious objectives of the law, a clear political will and the allocation of resources are necessary. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: This study analyses the presence of sports journalists in the news stories published by the Spanish digital sports press during the Rio 2016 Olympic Games. The aims were to establish whether there are quantitative imbalances in the authorship of the news reports and to identify any gender biases that may contribute to perpetuating inequality in the newsrooms of these media companies. Methodology: A content analysis of the four digital sports newspapers in Spain with the largest readerships (Marca, As, Mundo Deportivo and Sport) was carried out during the days of the 2016 Olympic Games in Rio. A total of 5189 news items were published, and were assessed in this study from a gender perspective. Results: The results reveal an imbalance in the authorship of the news items published during the Rio Olympics in terms of the numbers of stories signed by male and female sports journalists. In addition, a gender bias was also perceived. Women's sports were covered more often by female journalists and the focus tended to be more on national sports or on traditionally female events such as tennis or athletics. Events with a more international coverage, and traditionally male sports, tended to be reported on by male journalists. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article deals with the experience of creating the figure of editor of gender in the Argentinian media. This figure emerged on the scene in June 2019 with the appointment of Mariana Iglesias as editor of Clarín, one of Argentina's most important commercial newspapers with a nationwide circulation. Today there are ten female editors of media outlets of various kinds in Argentina. They receive the support of a society with a strong awareness of the rights of women and groups of sexual diversity, but they still face multiple challenges and resistance from certain quarters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Integration of safety aspects in IFMIF-DONES design is a main objective of EUROfusion and European Commission projects. IFMIF-DONES will be a radioactive facility of the first category, and stringent safety objectives must be achieved and demonstrated. A very low acceptable risk for the worker, the public and the environment is the main principle in the design phase. The progress of safety activities is performed iteratively as detailed engineering develops, taking into account the uniqueness of the facility: a high-power deuterons accelerator (125 mA, 40 MeV), a target of flowing liquid lithium, traps for activation products, a dedicated-design module for irradiated samples, a massive shielding cooled room with confinement function, and a number of conventional systems with safety functions. Several phases are developed: (i) identification of sources and materials at risk, radioactive and nonradioactive, subject to potential mobilization, (ii) failure mode analysis and effects of systems, starting at the functional level, and support with probabilistic analysis, (iii) identification of scenarios leading to unacceptable risk if unmitigated, (iv) proposal of layers of defense by means of safety-credited components and design features, (v) deterministic analysis of scenarios in support of requirements, and (vi) definition and demonstration of safety requirements charged to components. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For the demonstration of fusion power plant technology, DEMO dedicated materials are necessary to cope with the harsh environment of high energy neutrons. For this purpose, the international neutron irradiation facility for fusion materials IFMIF/DEMO Oriented Neutron Source (DONES) is planned to be built in Granda, Spain. In the DONES facility, a deuteron beam hitting the lithium target produces a high energy neutron flux. Due to the high-power density, the windowless target is a free surface liquid lithium flow in a duct with a concave backplate. In order to keep the heat released by the beam within the liquid lithium and to avoid its intrusion in the backplate, a stable configuration of the free surface flow with a setpoint layer thickness of 25 ± 1 mm is crucial. In particular, stable wave structures, so called wakes, which occur from accumulated impurities at the nozzle edge, can cause a critical local decrease in the layer thickness of more than 1 mm. Therefore, it is necessary to better understand the nature of these wakes and to be able to monitor the surface profile to shut down the beam in case of a critical thickness loss, but to avoid unintended shutdowns. In the context of this work, currently available optical sensors were tested on their capability of detecting a specular liquid metal surface at measurement distances of several meters. After an initial selection, two optical sensors were further considered. Experiments with the liquid metal alloy GaInSn and simulations with the software Blender of the selected optical sensors for their capability of measuring distances of liquid metal were conducted. The results showed a significant dependency of the measurement results on the waviness of the liquid metal surface. Nevertheless, it was possible to resolve the wavy liquid metal surface with a sufficient resolution to detect critical wake structures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Analisi: Quaderns de Comunicacio i Cultura is the property of Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In the DEMO-Oriented NEutron Source (DONES) facility, it is expected to use a considerable amount of lithium at an average temperature higher than 300 °C. It is well known that lithium can produce exothermic reactions with several media, generating corrosive and toxic (upon burning) reaction products and with the potential risk of mobilizing radionuclides in little amounts. As a result, lithium represents a hazardous material which must be safely handled under normal operation and, especially, potential accident conditions which involve lithium spills and radioactive releases.Although the burning behavior of lithium has been studied for several decades, there is still a wide dispersion of data regarding its actual ignition temperature. Generally, measurements of the spontaneous or induced ignition temperature of a leakage of molten lithium, pool/spray type, depend on several factors such as metal purity, gas atmosphere composition and relative humidity, sample size or geometrical aspects, and even different treatments, apparatus, and techniques used.A dedicated experimental facility, called “LiFIRE”, is currently under development at the National Fusion Laboratory of CIEMAT with the purpose to quantitatively support the DONES safety analysis on the fire risk in case of lithium leakages, based on the Defense-in-Depth principle, i.e. prevention, detection and mitigation.

• MCUNED-Plus code implements the Direct-1-Step methodology to the simulation of residual fields in particle accelerator-based facilities. • The new developments improve the accuracy and performance for the simulation of prompt and residual radiation fields from precedent tools. • The Direct-1-Step in particle accelerators has proven to yield very similar results compared to other well stablished methodologies like the Rigorous-2-Steps. The radiation hazard is one of the major aspects of concern in the design of a facility where it exists a risk of exposure to ionizing radiation. The nuclear analysis for radioprotection purposes requires an accurate description of the radiation fields. This is especially true in accelerator-based facilities where several types of particles are producing the radiation fields. Radiation fields exist during the accelerator operation, but delayed radiation may also be significant for a long time after operation ends. The radiation fields of concern present during the operation are due to the secondary neutrons and photons emitted by the interaction of accelerated particles with the accelerator components (beam leakage) or with the target. The radiation present after the operation is the residual photon field produced by activated materials, these materials being activated by both accelerated particles and secondary neutrons. This residual radiation field is relevant in high intensity accelerators like IFMIF-DONES. In order to address these complex radiation transport simulations, the D1SUNED code has been updated and the new code release renamed as MCUNED-Plus. The new developments include improvements in the light-ion transport like the implementation of a variance reduction for the production of secondary particles, and a new kinematics to reproduce the angular distribution of secondary particles emitted after deuteron breakup reaction. The calculation of the residual photon field in accelerator facility has also been improved by allowing to evaluate both light-ions and secondary neutrons induced shutdown dose rate in a single coupled simulation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The turn of the twentieth century witnessed the beginning of an evolution in the model of womanhood, giving way to a transformation in the gender relations that had existed up to that point. Little by little, the "feminine world" inserted itself into aspects of the masculine sphere, including the editorial staff at newspapers. Within this context, this article undertakes an analysis of the correspondence sent by twenty-five women journalists to Miguel de Unamuno in the first half of the twentieth century. The letters were selected from the corpus of female correspondence preserved in the Casa-Museo Unamuno at the Universidad de Salamanca. Using a qualitative methodology, this article reflects on the ideas, anxieties, and concerns that these women journalists shared with the famous Spanish writer. The results allow us to explore the thoughts and lifestyles of the first women who began to work as journalists during Unamuno's lifetime. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Abriu, Estudos de Textualidade do Brasil, Galicia e Portugal is the property of Abriu, Estudos de Textualidade do Brasil, Galicia e Portugal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Compliance with imposed hydrogen concentration limits in the lithium loop of the DEMO-Oriented Neutron Source (DONES) requires the installation of an yttrium-based hydrogen trap. To determine an appropriate H-trap design, it is essential to have access to a numerical tool capable of simulating hydrogen transport in the DONES lithium loop connected to an yttrium pebble-bed. In the past, a simplified model was created that allows such calculations when hydrogen concentrations in the lithium are low. However, in certain DONES operating phases, the concentration in the lithium is high and in a range where yttrium dihydride (YH _2 ) formation is likely. Due to the anticipated great impact of YH _2 formation on the H-trap performance a new model is developed that includes the mechanism of hydride formation. It is based on a mathematical reproduction of complete pressure-composition isotherms of the Li–H and Y–H systems. Thus, the conditions that trigger YH _2 formation are determined and the variation of hydrogen solubility in different yttrium hydride phases is deduced. An approximate concentration-dependent relationship of hydrogen diffusivity in yttrium is derived and incorporated into the model. Simulations are performed to analyze the dynamics of the concentration decrease during purification of the lithium circuit prior to the experimental DONES phase by varying design parameters of the trap. It is found that hydride formation greatly increases the hydrogen gettering capacity of the H-trap and limits the maximum concentration in the lithium. Indeed, YH _2 formation may be purposefully triggered to exploit its beneficial properties for DONES. Simulations of the hydrogen purification process during the experimental phase of DONES show that the H-trap must be replaced at least every 28 days to meet tritium limits. This work sets the conditions for the required pebble-bed mass of the H-trap at a given temperature to comply with the DONES safety requirements. Finally, the model is validated by numerical reproduction of experimental results.

Fusion test facilities are expansive, intricate structures designed to test materials for fusion power plants. For a seamless testing process, it's crucial that the machinery and equipment within these facilities are consistently maintained and promptly replaced if they fail. This necessitates the transportation of large, heavy machinery and equipment through the facility's narrow corridors, doors, hatches, and shipping bays. Taking the DEMO oriented neutron source (DONES) as a case study, we illustrate the complexities of material flow planning in such environments, detailing strategies to navigate these challenges and organize material flow planning efficiently and safely. We introduce a methodology for executing various stages of material flow planning in these contexts and discuss how uncertainties impact the planning process. The primary hurdles include gathering data on machinery and equipment and the facility's layout, converting this data into actionable transport plans and routes, providing precise transport instructions, and verifying the viability of the material flow. We propose and implement a comprehensive solution to these challenges at DONES, encompassing data collection techniques, the creation of a modular transport system, a universal model for transport processes in intralogistics, and a simulation tool for swift and effective collision checks between transport devices, machinery, equipment, and the building structure. A significant insight from this approach is the high value of automating the process, as uncertainties frequently alter data, necessitating regular updates to the material flow plan. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One of the crucial steps in the European Roadmap to the realisation of fusion energy is the design and construction of the Demo-orientated NEutron Source (DONES) facility. DONES is a fusion-like neutron source, based on the International Fusion Materials Irradiation Facility (IFMIF) concept, aimed at qualifying and testing the materials to be used in fusion reactors. The Target System (TSY) is a crucial system as it is the component where the interactions between deuterons and a liquid lithium target, flowing on a solid surface (i.e. the Back Plate), take place to produce neutrons for irradiating the testing materials. In this regard, an investigation campaign has been performed to evaluate the thermo-mechanical behaviour of the DONES TSY under selected steady state and transient loading conditions, in light of the most recent design updates (new bellows and connection systems). The first part of the assessment concerned the analysis of the TSY under the normal operation steady state loading scenario. A detailed 3D FEM model has been set up, considering the newest updates of the TSY geometry and of the operational parameters, and a thermo-mechanical analysis has been launched. Results have been mainly checked in terms of TSY global deformation, focusing on the Back Plate and on the connecting bellows displacements, in order to exclude overlapping with the High Flux Test Module and misalignments with the beam footprint. Afterwards, since the lithium inlet temperature has been increased from 250 °C to 300 °C, a transient thermo-mechanical analysis of the TSY under the start-up loading conditions has been performed to check if it is able to withstand the hotter lithium flow according to the RCC-MRx criteria. Therefore, the reference pre-heating strategy has been adopted, assessing the thermal and mechanical behaviour of the TSY, focusing on the Back Plate. The obtained results are presented and critically discussed, suggesting important recommendations for the follow-up of the design. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In IFMIF-DONES, a deuteron beam will impinge on a flowing liquid lithium target, resulting in an intense neutron source. Other radiation sources will also arise due to the interactions between deuterons and the beam facing accelerator components. These radiation fields may cause some negative effects, such as damage to equipment or the generation of residual radiation sources. The characterization and mitigation of all the radiation sources are crucial for a safe operation and maintenance of the facility. In this study, the optimization and/or implementation of some radiation shields located in critical areas is considered to reduce the doses during operation and shutdown. Three scenarios are assessed: (i) shielding optimization of the High-Power Beam Dump for the accelerator commissioning, (ii) shielding optimization for the scraper of the High Energy Beam Transport line and the Fast Safety Isolation Valves, and (iii) shielding implementation to reduce the radiation transmission through Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning wall penetrations. Radiation maps of the biological dose and the dose to silicon are computed, showing the impact of such shielding elements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

During the installation and maintenance phase of IFMIF-DONES (International Fusion Materials Irradiation Facility-DEMO Oriented Neutron Source), several components need to be transported vertically between different floors inside the DONES main building. There are totally four shipping bays inside the main building, two of which are mainly responsible for components transportation. The lifting devices in the shipping bays should be carefully selected based on the requirements of components, including their sizes, weights, shapes, activation status, shielding requirements, human escorts and transportation routes. Considering these requirements and the building information, five possible lifting devices are proposed, namely parallel ropes lift, heavy load storage and retrieval machine, rack and pinion lift, upside-down scissor lift as well as rigid chain lift. The optioneering method is applied to assess the different lifting devices with the help of weighted criteria. As a result, parallel ropes lift, heavy load storage and retrieval machine and rigid chain lift are assessed as the most appropriate lifting devices in the shipping bays for DONES main building. A market survey is carried out on these three kinds of lifting devices. At the end of this paper, the principle sketches of the rigid chain lift inside the shipping bay are shown including the transport platform. • In this article, the flow of materials and requirements on two shipping bays in the DONES main building is analyzed. • Five possible lifting devices in the shipping bays are assessed using optioneering method. • Market research is carried out based on the optioneering result. • Principle sketch of rigid chain lift in the shipping bay is shown in this article. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Studies in Oral Folk Literature / Estudis de Literatura Oral Popular is the property of Universitat Rovira I Virgili and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)