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In order to master the distribution law of each layer state of the ion exchange resin in the EDI membrane block, this paper firstly analyzed the working principles and characteristics of the migration failure layer, exchange stability layer and hydrolysis protection layer of EDI ion exchange resin. Then, the effects of influent conductivity and operating current on the layer state distribution were tested through experiments. The results showed that the thickness of the hydrolytic protection layer was negatively correlated with the influent conductivity and positively correlated with the operating current. The hydrolysis protection layer was the key point to ensure the quality of product water from EDI membrane block. When the influent conductivity was less than 10 µS/cm (25 ℃), the ratio of the hydrolytic protective layer thickness to the thickness of the whole resin layer was ≥11.43%, which could well ensure that the conductivity of product water from EDI membrane block was

English is often ideologically constructed as a global language to facilitate intercultural communication between people of diverse cultural backgrounds. However, it still remains unknown to what extent English learning can enhance English learners' awareness of global diversity. Given the dominant population of English learners in China, it is of great significance to investigate how English learning might facilitate Chinese learners' global vision and cultivate their intercultural competence. Seeing language textbooks as a key site of cultural and linguistic representation, this study scrutinizes the hidden ideologies discursively constructed in an English Intercultural Communication (EIC) textbook targeting Chinese English learners. Data are collected from dialogues, case studies, reading passages, cultural notes, exercises in the textbook. Informed by concepts of orientalism and banal nationalism, the study reveals that the distribution of characters is nation-based, essentialized, and even stigmatized. There is an inconsistency between the discursive construction of English as a global language and the actual representation of USA/UK-centered ideology. Chinese and other non-English learners are linguistically and culturally subjected to orientalist interpretation. The internal orientalist representation of Chinese speakers is also reproduced within the diverse backgrounds of Chinese population. Based on the findings, we argue that the simplified, unbalanced and unequal representations of cultural elements may hinder English learners' awareness of cultural diversity. The study suggests that a more diversified representation of cultural practices should be adopted in EIC textbooks to cultivate the global citizenship through English language education.

China is the world’s largest walnut producer, with an annual output of 4.795 9 million tons. Walnut kernels have high nutritional value, containing 65%−69% of oil and 15%−20% of protein. Walnut meal, an abundant byproduct of walnut oil production, is mainly used in animal feed and fertilizers with low processing efficiency, whose potential for high-value utilization is far from being excavated. Studies have found that walnut meal contains a large amount of protein (42%−54%), its amino acid composition is rich, and the proportion of amino acids in walnut meal is suitable for human absorption. Walnut meal is a source of high-quality plant protein with a true protein digestibility score of 86.22%, and a biological valence of 98.77%. Therefore, high-efficiency utilization of walnut meal proteins is an important pathway for the high-value utilization of walnut meal. In this article, the composition, structure, and nutritional value of walnut proteins are reviewed. The extraction methods and functional characteristics of walnut proteins are summarized. The effect of modification on their functionalities and digestibility is also summarized. Finally, the application potential of walnut protein in foods is discussed.

Introduction: Parkinson’s disease (PD) and Alzheimer’s disease (AD) are common neurodegenerative diseases with multifaceted etiology. Nutritional and metabolic abnormalities are frequently implicated in PD and AD. In this observational study, we analyzed a series of nutritional markers, and aimed to understand their association with AD and PD risk. Methods: A total of 424 PD patients, 314 AD patients, and 388 healthy controls were included. Nutritional markers including Hemoglobin A1c, vitamin B12, folate, apolipoprotein B (ApoB), apolipoprotein A1 (ApoA1), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), high-density lipoprotein, triglyceride, total cholesterol (TC), uric acid and homocysteine (HCY) were measured. Significance for odds ratios examining was P

Cabernet Sauvignon grapes are the most widely planted wine grapes worldwide. They are a high quality wine grape variety, with strong adaptability, vigorous growth, and strong aging potential (1). The [...]

Sertoli cells (SCs) support and nourish germ cells (GCs) through their crosstalk during spermatogenesis. However, the underlying epigenetic mechanism that ensures SCs' functions in this process remains unclear. Here, we report that UHRF1, a critical epigenetic regulator, is mainly expressed in human and mouse pre-mature SCs, and is essential for establishing Sertoli-Germ cell crosstalk. SC-specific UHRF1 knockout mice exhibit complete sterility with Sertoli cell (SC) proliferation and differentiation aberrance, blood-testis barrier (BTB) disruption, and immature germ cell (GC) sloughing. RNA sequencing and Whole Genome Bisulfite Sequencing (WGBS) revealed that many extracellular matrix (ECM)-related genes (e.g., Timp1, Trf, and Spp1) appeared upregulated with the DNA hypomethylation status in UHRF1-deficient SCs. Strikingly, overexpression of Timp1, Trf, and Spp1 in SCs in vitro and in vivo could phenocopy the SC-specific UHRF1-deficient mice. Our data demonstrated that UHRF1 regulates the transcriptional program of ECM-related genes in SCs and establishes SC-GC crosstalk.

Oat β-glucan (OG) was used to replace salt in mutton mince at levels of 0%, 0.4%, 0.8%, 1.2% and 1.6%. To determine the appropriate level of OG replacement, the cooking loss, water-holding capacity (WHC), water distribution and content, color, gel strength, texture, secondary structure of myofibrillar protein, scanning electron micrograph (SEM) of mince samples with 2.0% salt, 0.4% OG + 1.6% salt, 0.8% OG + 1.2% salt, 1.2% OG + 0.8% salt and 1.6% OG + 0.4% salt were measured. The results showed that with increasing level of OG replacement, the cooking loss of mutton mince gels decreased first and then increased gradually, while the WHC showed the opposite trend. A significant decrease in the WHC was observed when 1.6% OG was added (P 0.05). The secondary structure of myofibrillar protein in the gel with high levels of OG replacement (> 0.8%) was similar to that in the control (P > 0.05), and the SEM image showed more loose structure with increased porosity. Through correlation analysis and principal component analysis (PCA), it was found that the synthetic score of the gel with 0.4% OG was higher than that of the other groups, which could ensure further reduction of salt intake while maintaining the gel quality of mutton mince.

In light of the increasing prominence of China's Belt and Road (B&R) Initiatives and China's soft power projection to its neighboring countries, China's relations with Southeast Asian countries are getting closer. In recent years, a large number of Cambodian students have come to China for higher education. Informed by the theories of linguistic capital and language ideology, the present study aims to study the the macro-social factors mediated in the Cambodian students' Chinese language learning experiences. For current study, the data was collected from Guizhou Minzu University and Qiannan Normal University for Nationalities through semi-structured interview, questionnaire, online interactions, and the collection of linguistic autobiographies as well as other relevant documents and materials. The findings of the study show that there are four main factors influencing Cambodian students' higher education in China: (i) political factors: national and governmental policies; (ii) cultural factors: historical influences; (iii) educational factors: influences of schools and communities, parental strategies; (iv) economic factors: employment prospects and tourism. Based on the findings mentioned above, the study suggests that given the rapid increasing number of Cambodian international students in China, it is imperative for Chinese government and universities to consider how to better meet Cambodian international students' study needs and employment prospects.

Cynanchum thesioides, a species widely distributed in north-eastern Asia, is revised to include two new synonyms: Vincetoxicum sibiricum f. linearifolium, described from Shandong, China in 1877, but long neglected and Cynanchum gobicum, previously believed to be endemic to Mongolia. Typification for C. thesioides and all its synonyms is given, including lectotypification of V. sibiricum var. australe and V. sibiricum f. linearifolium. An updated description, three figures showing the diverse habitats, habits and variation in morphological characters, and a general distribution map are also provided.