Search

BackgroundMobile health services are thriving in the field of maternal and child health in China due to expansions in the field of electronic health and the introduction of the two-child policy. There are numerous maternal and child health apps in computer stores, but the exact number of apps, number of downloads, and features of these apps is not known. ObjectiveThis study aimed to explore the use of maternal and child health apps in Android and iOS app stores and to describe the key functional features of the most popular apps, with the purpose of providing insight into further research and development of maternal and child health mobile health products. MethodsThe researchers conducted a search in the 3 most popular Android app stores (Tencent MyApp, Baidu Mobile Assistant, and 360 Mobile Assistant) and the iTunes App Store in China. All apps regarding family planning (contraception and preparing for pregnancy), pregnancy and perinatal care, neonatal care and health, and development for children under 6 years were included in the initial analysis. Maternal and child health mobile apps with predominant features of product marketing, children’s songs, animation, or games were excluded from the study. The 50 most frequently used apps in each of the Android stores as well as the iTunes store (a total of 78 deduplicated apps) were selected and downloaded for an in-depth analysis. ResultsA total of 5276 Android apps and 877 iOS apps developed for maternal and child health care were identified. Of the 78 most frequently used apps, 43 (55%) apps focused on one stage of MCH care, mainly targeting child care (25 apps) and before pregnancy care (11 apps), whereas 35 (45%) of the apps covered 2 or more stages, most of which (32 apps) included both pregnancy and child care services. The app features that were commonly adopted by the popular apps were health education, communication, health status self-monitoring, a diary, reminders, and counseling. Within the app feature of “health status self-monitoring,” the researchers found 47 specific tools supporting activities such as pregnancy preparation, fetal heart monitoring, blood glucose and blood pressure monitoring, and doctor visits. A few apps were equipped with external devices (n=3) or sensors. No app with intelligent decision-support features to support disease management for conditions such as gestational diabetes and pregnancy-induced hypertension was found. A small number of apps (n=5) had a Web connection with hospital information systems to support appointment making, payments, hospital service guidance, or checking of laboratory results. ConclusionsThere are thousands of maternal and child health apps in the Chinese market. Child care, pregnancy, and before pregnancy were the mostly covered maternal and child health stages, in that order. Various app features and tools were adopted by maternal and child health apps, but the use of internal or external sensors, intelligent decision support, and tethering with existing hospital information systems was rare and these features need more research and development.

BackgroundThe application of mobile health (mHealth) technology in reproductive, maternal, newborn, and child health (RMNCH) is increasing worldwide. However, best practice and the most effective mHealth interventions have not been reviewed systematically. ObjectiveA systematic review and meta-analysis of studies of mHealth interventions for RMNCH around the world were conducted to investigate their characteristics as well as the features and effectiveness of mHealth interventions. MethodsStudies of mHealth interventions for RMNCH between January 2011 and December 2016 were retrieved from 6 databases (PubMed, EMBASE, Global Health, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, VIP Database for Chinese Technical Periodicals, and Wanfang Data Knowledge Service Medium). Comparable studies were included in a random-effects meta-analysis for both exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) and antenatal checks (ANC). Descriptive analyses were conducted for mHealth studies with a range of study designs. ResultsAnalyses of 245 studies were included, including 51 randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Results showed that there are increasing numbers of studies on mHealth interventions for RMNCH. Although 2 meta-analysis, one with 2 RCTs on EBF (odds ratio [OR] 2.03, 95% CI 1.34-3.08, I2=25%) and the other with 3 RCTs on ANC (OR 1.43, 95% CI 1.13-1.79, I2=78%), showed that mHealth interventions are more effective than usual care, almost half (43%) of RCTs showed negative or unclear results on mHealth interventions. Functions described in mHealth interventions were diverse, and the health stages covered were broad. However, single function or single stage appeared to be dominant among mHealth interventions compared with multiple functions or stages. ConclusionsMore rigorous evaluations are needed to draw consistent conclusions and to analyze mHealth products with multiple functions, especially those popular in the app markets.

Abstract Checkerboard lattices—where the resulting structure is open, porous, and highly symmetric—are difficult to create by self-assembly. Synthetic systems that adopt such structures typically rely on shape complementarity and site-specific chemical interactions that are only available to biomolecular systems (e.g., protein, DNA). Here we show the assembly of checkerboard lattices from colloidal nanocrystals that harness the effects of multiple, coupled physical forces at disparate length scales (interfacial, interparticle, and intermolecular) and that do not rely on chemical binding. Colloidal Ag nanocubes were bi-functionalized with mixtures of hydrophilic and hydrophobic surface ligands and subsequently assembled at an air–water interface. Using feedback between molecular dynamics simulations and interfacial assembly experiments, we achieve a periodic checkerboard mesostructure that represents a tiny fraction of the phase space associated with the polymer-grafted nanocrystals used in these experiments. In a broader context, this work expands our knowledge of non-specific nanocrystal interactions and presents a computation-guided strategy for designing self-assembling materials.

Objective To analyze the therapeutic effect of microsurgery on patients with severe aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SaSAH). Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on 14 SaSAH patients admitted to Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University from December 2017 to November 2019. General information, Hunt Hess grading, Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS), time of rebleeding, surgery time, examination method, aneurysm size, prognosis, and postoperative follow-up were collected. Results A total of 14 patients with SaSAH were enrolled, including 5 males and 9 females, 8 patients with Hunt-Hess grade Ⅳ and 6 with grade Ⅴ. Seven cases experienced rebleeding after admission, with an average time between the onset of symptoms and rebleeding being 11.21 hours. Intracranial aneurysm rupture was confirmed by computed tomography angiography (CTA) or digital subtraction angiography (DSA) before operation in 13 cases. All 14 patients underwent microsurgical aneurysm clipping after definite diagnosis. There were 5 cases of transtentorial herniation and 3 cases of subfalcine herniation. Bone flaps were removed during surgery for all patients with cerebral herniation. In 14 cases, Glasgow prognostic score (GOS) was 4 in 2 cases, 3 in 3 cases, 2 in 7 cases, and 1 in 2 case at 6 months follow-up. Conclusion Treating SaSAH responsible aneurysms within 24 hours is an important principle for preventing intracranial rebleeding, reducing mortality, and improving prognosis. Microsurgery remains an important method for treating SaSAH, especially for patients with intracranial hematoma and progressive intracranial hypertension."

Introduction Sodium is an essential nutrient for which humans have a physiological need of as little as 200 to 500 mg/day. (1,2) The primary dietary contributor is the salt (i.e. [...], Objective To determine the contribution of pre-packaged foods to population sodium intake in China, and to propose sodium content targets for food subcategories used for the World Health Organization's (WHO's) global sodium benchmarks. Methods The impact of four different approaches to reducing the sodium content of pre-packaged foods on population sodium intake was estimated using data from national databases covering the nutrient content and ingredients of 51 803 food products and food consumption by 15 670 Chinese adults. We recategorized food products using a food categorization framework developed for WHO's global sodium benchmarks and adapted for China-specific foods. Findings Pre-packaged foods, including condiments, contributed 1302.5 mg/day of sodium intake per adult in 2021, accounting for 30.1% of population sodium intake in China. Setting maximum sodium content levels using a 90th-percentile target would reduce sodium intake from pre-packaged foods by 96.2 mg/day, corresponding to a 1.9% reduction in population intake. Using the 75th-percentile, a fixed 20% reduction and WHO benchmark targets would further reduce intake by 262.0 mg/day (5.2% population intake), 302.8 mg/day (6.0% population intake) and 701.2 mg/day per person (13.9% population intake), respectively. Maximum sodium content levels based on revised 20% reduction targets were proposed because they should result in substantial and acceptable reductions in sodium content for most food subcategories: overall sodium intake would decline by 305.0 mg/day per person, and population intake by 6.1%. Conclusion This study provides the scientific rationale for government policy on setting targets for food sodium content in China. Simultaneous action on discretionary salt use should also be taken. [Phrase omitted] Objectifs relatifs a la teneur en sodium des aliments preemballes en Chine: etude quantitative et proposition Objectif Determiner dans quelle mesure les denrees alimentaires preemballees contribuent a l'apport en sodium au sein de la population chinoise et proposer des objectifs pour en limiter la teneur parmi les sous-categories d'aliments reprises dans les criteres de reference mondiaux de l'Organisation mondiale de la Sante (OMS). Methodes Nous avons estime l'impact de quatre approches differentes visant a reduire la teneur en sodium des denrees alimentaires preemballees sur l'apport sode de la population en utilisant les informations issues de bases de donnees nationales sur la teneur en nutriments et les ingredients de 51 803 produits alimentaires ainsi que la consommation en nourriture de 15 670 adultes chinois. Nous avons reclasse les produits alimentaires a l'aide d'un systeme de categorisation des aliments developpe dans le cadre des criteres de reference mondiaux de l'OMS et adapte aux habitudes alimentaires du pays. Resultats Les denrees alimentaires preemballees, y compris les condiments, representaient un apport sode de 1302,5 mg/jour par adulte en 2021, ce qui equivaut a 30,1% de l'apport en sodium au sein de la population chinoise. Etablir un objectif fonde sur le 90e percentile afin de definir une teneur maximale en sodium permettrait de reduire l'apport sode des denrees alimentaires preemballees de 96,2 mg/jour, ce qui correspond a une diminution de 1,9% de l'apport dans la population. Utiliser le 75e percentile, une reduction fixe de 20% et les criteres de reference mondiaux de l'OMS ferait encore baisser l'apport de 262,0 mg/jour (5,2% de l'apport dans la population), 302,8 mg/jour (6,0% de l'apport dans la population) et 701,2 mg/jour par personne (13,9% de l'apport dans la population) respectivement. Enfin, une teneur maximale en sodium inspiree des nouveaux objectifs de 20% de reduction a ete proposee car elle devrait entrainer un recul considerable et acceptable de la teneur en sodium pour la plupart des sous-categories d'aliments: l'apport sode global diminuerait de 305,0 mg/jour par personne et l'apport dans la population de 6,1%. Conclusion Cette etude fournit les arguments scientifiques necessaires a la mise en reuvre d'une politique gouvernementale qui definirait des objectifs relatifs a la teneur en sodium des denrees alimentaires en Chine. Des actions concomitantes en matiere d'utilisation du sel de table et de cuisine devraient egalement etre entreprises. Objetivos sobre el contenido de sodio de los alimentos preenvasados, China: estudio cuantitativo y propuesta Objetivo Determinar como los alimentos preenvasados propician la ingesta de sodio en la poblacion China, y proponer objetivos centrados en el contenido de sodio de las subcategorias alimenticias utilizadas en las referencias mundiales de sodio de la Organizacion Mundial de la Salud (OMS). Metodos Se evaluo la repercusion de cuatro enfoques diferentes destinados a reducir el contenido de sodio de los alimentos preenvasados en la ingesta de sodio poblacional. Para ello, se utilizo informacion de las bases de datos nacionales acerca del contenido en nutrientes y los ingredientes de 51 803 productos alimenticios, asi como sobre el consumo de alimentos de 15 670 chinos adultos. Restablecimos las categorias de los productos alimenticios utilizando un esquema de clasificacion alimenticia desarrollado para englobar las referencias mundiales de sodio de la OMS, adaptado a alimentos especificos de China. Resultados Los alimentos preenvasados, incluidos los condimentos, representaban 1302,5 mg/dia de la ingesta de sodio por adulto en 2021, lo que suponia un 30,1% de la ingesta de sodio de la poblacion China. Establecer niveles maximos de contenido en sodio utilizando como objetivo un percentil 90 reduciria la ingesta de sodio de los alimentos preenvasados en 96,2 mg/dia, lo que corresponde a una reduccion del 1,9% en la ingesta poblacional. Utilizando el percentil 75, una reduccion fija del 20% y los objetivos de referencia de la OMS se seguiria reduciendo la ingesta en 262,0 mg/dia (5,2% de la ingesta poblacional), 302,8 mg/dia (6,0% de la ingesta poblacional) y 701,2 mg/dia por persona (13,9% de la ingesta poblacional) respectivamente. Se propusieron niveles maximos de contenido en sodio basados en objetivos revisados relativos a una reduccion del 20%, lo que supondria una disminucion significativa y adecuada del contenido de sodio de la mayoria de subcategorias alimenticias: la ingesta global de sodio disminuiria en 305,0 mg/dia por persona, y la ingesta poblacional se reduciria en un 6,1%. Conclusion El presente estudio ofrece fundamentos cientificos relevantes para la politica gubernamental, acerca del establecimiento de objetivos centrados en el contenido de sodio alimenticio de productos de China. Asimismo, se deberian adoptar medidas simultaneas relativas al consumo de sal opcional.

BackgroundNational Malaria Control Programmes (NMCPs) currently make limited use of parasite genetic data. We have developed GenRe-Mekong, a platform for genetic surveillance of malaria in the Greater Mekong Subregion (GMS) that enables NMCPs to implement large-scale surveillance projects by integrating simple sample collection procedures in routine public health procedures.MethodsSamples from symptomatic patients are processed by SpotMalaria, a high-throughput system that produces a comprehensive set of genotypes comprising several drug resistance markers, species markers and a genomic barcode. GenRe-Mekong delivers Genetic Report Cards, a compendium of genotypes and phenotype predictions used to map prevalence of resistance to multiple drugs.ResultsGenRe-Mekong has worked with NMCPs and research projects in eight countries, processing 9623 samples from clinical cases. Monitoring resistance markers has been valuable for tracking the rapid spread of parasites resistant to the dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine combination therapy. In Vietnam and Laos, GenRe-Mekong data have provided novel knowledge about the spread of these resistant strains into previously unaffected provinces, informing decision-making by NMCPs.ConclusionsGenRe-Mekong provides detailed knowledge about drug resistance at a local level, and facilitates data sharing at a regional level, enabling cross-border resistance monitoring and providing the public health community with valuable insights. The project provides a rich open data resource to benefit the entire malaria community.FundingThe GenRe-Mekong project is funded by the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation (OPP11188166, OPP1204268). Genotyping and sequencing were funded by the Wellcome Trust (098051, 206194, 203141, 090770, 204911, 106698/B/14/Z) and Medical Research Council (G0600718). A proportion of samples were collected with the support of the UK Department for International Development (201900, M006212), and Intramural Research Program of the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases.

In order to improve the comprehensive learning quality of students when teaching university vocal music courses, teachers can create a teacher-student interactive teaching mode with a wide platform, precise business, and many approaches by carrying out interactive teaching. The research introduces the cuckoo algorithm for adaptive optimization on the basis of the traditional K-means algorithm, gives the clustering process of the adaptive K-means algorithm, and constructs an online interactive teaching system to realize the clustering of the characteristics of online interactive behavior of teachers and students. Finally, we use the speech in the vocal music classroom as an example to explore the online interactive teaching characteristics of vocal music. The traditional vocal music classroom is mainly a teacher-driven teaching mode. The frequency of teacher-student interaction is low, the proportion of students’ active questions to students’ active speech is 2.13%, and the teacher is less likely to organize students’ exchanges. In this teaching mode, the teacher encourages the acceptance of the proportion of speech is 16.17%, 75% of the classroom students use the online teaching system is higher than the teacher frequency, followed by the proportion of teachers using the online teaching system and the proportion of using the traditional teaching mode is close to 3:1, based on the online teaching system of the interactive teaching mode of the feedback effect is better.