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The effect of self-focusing and defocusing of the optical beam, which is caused by the interaction between a strong light field and medium, plays an important role in nonlinear optics. The difference in the spatial structure of the strong control beam with orbital angular momentum (OAM) and the Gaussian mode will have different effects on self-focusing and defocusing, which has the potential for realizing the modulation of the self-focusing and the defocusing process of the probe light with OAM. In this work, we report the influence of the spatial structure of the control beam on the self-focusing and defocusing process of the probe beam in a hot rubidium vapor cell with a lambda-type configuration. Under the same experimental condition, the control beam with the Laguerre-Gaussian mode contributes more to self-defocusing, while the Gaussian mode promotes the defocusing effect. The result is promising for manipulating the optical beam with OAM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: By modifying the chemical structure of anti-orthopoxvirus compound ST-246, we designed and synthesized a series of tricyclononene carboxamide derivatives and tested their anti-HIV-1 activity and cytotoxicity. We found that benzoimidazol-containing compound 7g was highly effective in inhibiting HIV-1 R5 infection with an IC50 value of 0.41 μM and a selectivity index of 292, but it exhibited no significant inhibitory activity on HIV-1 reverse transcriptase, integrase and protease. CoMFA was used to analyze structure–activity relationships with good predictive power (r 2 = 0.921; q 2 = 0.582). Moreover, the CoMFA model showed that the length of the molecule, the amide, and the amine moieties all played crucial roles in anti-HIV activity. These results suggest that 7g may serve as a lead for the development of novel anti-HIV-1 therapies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: A series of novel 1,4-disubstituted piperidine/piperazine derivatives were designed, synthesized and evaluated for their in vitro activities against HIV-1 Bal (R5) infection in CEMX174 5.25M7 cells. A majority of these compounds showed potent anti-HIV-1 activities with IC50 at nanomolar levels. N-(4-Fluoro-benzyl)piperazine analog B07 hydrochloride exhibited potency against HIV-1 activity similar to that of TAK-220 hydrochloride, but it had much better water solubility (25mg/ml in phosphate sodium buffer at 25°C) and oral bioavailability (56%) than TAK-220 hydrochloride (a solubility of 2mg/ml and oral bioavailability of 1.4%). These results suggest that B07 hydrochloride may serve as a better lead for the development of new anti-HIV-1 therapies or microbicides for treatment and prevent of HIV-1 infection. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

The complex interactions between orbital angular momentum (OAM) of light and atoms are particularly intriguing in the areas of quantum optics and quantum information. Building a versatile high-dimensional quantum network needs broad spiral-bandwidth for preparing higher-quanta OAM mode and resolving the bandwidth mismatch in spatial space. Here, we demonstrate a broad spiral-bandwidth quantum-interface between photon and memory. Through twisted fields of the writing and reading, the correlated OAM distribution between photon and memory is significantly broadened. This broad spiral-bandwidth quantum-interface could be spanned in multiplexing regime and could work in high-quanta scenario with capability of ∣ l ∣ = 30, and we demonstrate the entanglement within 2-D subspace with a fidelity of 80.5 ± 4.8% for high l . Such state-of-the-art technology to freely control the spatial distribution of OAM memory is very helpful to construct high-dimensional quantum networks and provides a benchmark in the field of actively developing methods to engineer OAM single photon from matters. The interaction between orbital angular momentum (OAM) of light and atoms can be used to store and retrieve high-dimensional information and hence has been proposed as an efficient way for quantum information networks. The authors present a scheme to store photons with a large OAM by implementing classical write and read pulses in higher OAM states. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background:Orientia tsutsugamushi is a zoonotic intracellular pathogen that requires parasitism in eukaryotic cells to reproduce. In recent years, tsutsugamushi disease reported in many places nationwide has crossed the Yangtze River, continuously, spreading to the North China. Now this phenomenon has aroused people's attention. Materials and Methods: In this study, meta-analysis was used to analyze the infection of rodents (vectors) in China, to clarify the transmission rule of O. tsutsugamushi. Results: This study included literature from six databases (PubMed, Web of Science, Science Direct, Wanfang, CNKI, and VIP). A total of 55 articles were included in the study from 610 retrieved articles. The total infection rate of O. tsutsugamushi in rodents was 5.5% (1206/20,620, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.0553–0.0617). The prevalence of O. tsutsugamushi in rodents before 2013 (7.73%, 95% CI: 4.11–12.37) was higher than after 2013 (2.11%, 95% CI: 0.64–4.41). O. tsutsugamushi spread among a variety of rodents, among which Rattus losea (13.3%, 95% CI: 4.33–26.26), Rattus tanezumi (5.69%, 95% CI: 1.37–12.72), and Apodemus agrarius (5.32%, 95% CI: 2.26–9.58) infection rate was higher. Kawasaki (8.32%, 95% CI: 1.42–20.17), Karp (7.36%, 95% CI: 2.62–14.22), Kato (2.54%, 95% CI: 0.08–8.28), and Gilliam (2.13%, 95% CI: 0.42–5.09) were the main prevalent genotypes in China. The prevalence of O. tsutsugamushi in rodents was seasonal, increasing gradually in summer (2.39%, 95% CI: 0.46–5.77), peaking in autumn (4.59%, 95% CI: 1.15–10.16), and then declining. The positive rate of immunofluorescence assay (25.07%, 95% CI: 8.44–46.88) was the highest among the detection methods, and it was statistically significant (p < 0.05). Based on the subgroup of geographical factors and climatic factors, the probability of O. tsutsugamushi infection in rodents was the highest when the temperature >19℃ (8.20%, 95% CI: 1.22–20.52), the altitude <100 millimeters (7.23%, 95% CI: 3.45–12.26), the precipitation >700 millimeters (12.22%, 95% CI: 6.45–19.50), and the humidity 60–70% (7.80%, 95% CI: 4.17–12.44). Conclusions: Studies have shown that rodents carrying O. tsutsugamushi are common. People should prevent and control rodents in life and monitor rodents carrying O. tsutsugamushi for a long time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Red‐light switches: Tetra‐ortho‐methoxy substituted aminoazobenzenes form azonium ions at neutral pH, isomerize to the cis form when illuminated with red light (635 nm), and relax thermally to the trans form on a timescale of seconds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rotlichtschalter: Tetra ‐ ortho ‐ methoxysubstituierte Aminoazobenzole bilden bei neutralem pH ‐ Wert Azoniumionen, isomerisieren bei Bestrahlung mit rotem Licht (635 nm) zur cis ‐ Form und kehren thermisch innerhalb von Sekunden zur trans ‐ Form zurück. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]