Search

Today, due to the development of economic cooperation, the volume of foreign trade in goods has been exchanged between countries around the world at a considerable rate. Travel with countries in the world at a significant speed. Accompanied by a rapid increase in the volume of freight in the world, sea, land and air transports have also made great progress. Especially, the wide use of container to transport goods has created profound changes in many aspects, not only in the transport industry itself but also in other economic sectors that need to transport good. chemistry. Transporting imported and exported goods in containers by specialized means through "door to door" delivery method is an indispensable development trend and will become the main mode of transport business in the years. next. Vietnam in the process of developing the country towards industrialization and modernization is also not out of that trend. Cont container transportation in Vietnam began in the early 1980s and in recent years this type of transport has made significant progress, contributing to meet the demand for cargo transport import and export.

Air transport is growing strongly again globally, in which the strongest growth is in developing countries. Vietnam is in this segment of the market and has the fastest growth in the region. However, there are still a number of challenges and opportunities for this industry to grow. From 2014 to now, the aviation transport market is growing again with a growth rate of 4.8% / year. In which Asia accounts for 40% of the transport volume, the highest in the world and Vietnam is the focus of this region. Vietnam currently has 21 airports, with a total capacity of about 71.5 million passengers/year, less than the capacity of only one main airport in Bangkok, Singapore, Kuala Lumpur with 100 million passengers/year. This growth was achieved by three main trends: Inbound tourism, Outbound tourism, and domestic tourism. In addition, the aviation industry in Vietnam is supported by many favorable factors such as the territory stretching with a large area of mountainous terrain, limited road transport infrastructure, average income, per capita and the growing share of the middle-class population, air travel times are often much shorter than other forms of transportation.

Along with the development of Vietnam's economy, transportation plays an extremely important role in the development process. However, in parallel with this development, transportation development also causes many obstacles in protecting the environment. Although the organization of transport and management of transport means has made great progress, it has not yet met the requirements of reducing congestion in big cities, which are increasingly serious, affecting economic growth and increasing. environmental pollution, reducing the quality of life of people. In line with the current trend of environmental protection, the fact that countries around the world start developing green transportation systems is an indispensable part, Vietnam is not outside this.

Biofuels are mainly composed of bioethanol and biodiesel, biogas. In particular, biodiesel can completely replace diesel fuel based on similar properties of cetane value, specific calorific value ... and its environmental friendliness. Biodiesel is a liquid biofuel with similar properties and can be used as a substitute for conventional diesel oil. Tests using biodiesel (BDF) on internal combustion engines have also been conducted. The results of these tests show that BDF can be used on engines at any rate mixed with diesel fuel without changing engine structure. In addition, using BDF reduces harmful emissions into the environment such as CO, SO2, PM, CxHy .... [9, 10]. Emission factors of engine pollutants, combustion efficiency of fuel and engine power depend on BDF mixing ratio in fuel and engine load. Study to assess engine fuel consumption and ordinary emissions of palm oil biodiesel fuel (BDF palm oil) used on diesel generators. The experiments were performed at no-load and high-load mode with mixing ratios of BDF palm oil and diesel fuel (0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 50%, 100% are equivalent to B0, B5, B10, B15, B20, B50, B100). Results showed that specific fuel consumption increased as volume of BDF palm oil increased in fuel. In idle mode, compared to diesel fuel, fuel consumption increased by 1.32%; 1.8%; 2.8%; 3.74%, 5.61%; 6.54% corresponding to B5, B10, B15, B20, B50, B100. In high load mode, fuel consumption increased by 1.51%; 1.86%; 2.18%; 4.78%; 5.36%; 6.76% corresponding to B5, B10, B15, B20, B50, B100 compared to diesel fuel.

The development of Vietnamese shipping fleet is quite fragmented, the fleet capacity is low, and the management capacity is poor, so many shipping companies operate inefficiently ... limiting the ability to connect shipping. Moreover, the slow movement of goods between Vietnamese seaports has led to the situation that port enterprises have to rotate the positions of containers in yards or between different ports and ICDs. This increases the cost and reduces the efficiency of port operation, greatly affecting the import and export activities throughout the country. One of the major difficulties of the port area is that the infrastructure connected to the cargo concentration area is still weak. In particular, localities still lack of specialized delivery and service centers. Inadequacies in exploiting and managing the seaport system in Vietnam make import-export enterprises spend a lot of time and costs in exporting goods, reducing the competitiveness of Vietnamese goods. The paper presents inadequacies and weaknesses of the seaport system in Vietnam; on that basis, propose some radical solutions to improve the quality of services at seaports in Vietnam.