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Summary: Background: To date, comprehensive data on the distribution of chronic kidney disease (CKD), the most prevalent comorbidity in diabetes, among Chinese adults with diabetes is lacking. Additionally, research gaps exist in understanding the association between CKD and cardiovascular health (CVH), an integrated indicator of lifestyle and metabolic control, within a nationwide sample of Chinese adults with diabetes. Methods: A nationally community-based cross-sectional survey was conducted in 2018–2020. 58,560 residents diagnosed with diabetes aged 18–74 years nationwide were invited to participate, and 52,000 participants with complete CKD data were included in this study. CKD was identified by the presence of albuminuria (urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio ≥30 mg/g) and/or decreased estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR,

Porcine circovirus-associated diseases, caused by porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2), are widespread and result in significant economic losses to the global swine industry. PCV2 can currently be divided into nine genotypes (PCV2a to PCV2i), with the currently dominant one being the PCV2d genotype. In this study, 2675 samples from 804 pig farms in 13 cities in Jiangsu Province, China, were collected between 2014 and 2021 and subjected to polymerase chain reaction analysis to investigate the frequency and genetic diversity of PCV2. The results showed that 41.42% (1108/2675) of samples tested positive for PCV2. The researchers further analyzed the genetic characteristics of 251 PCV2 strains and found that they belonged to the following four genotypes: PCV2a, PCV2b, PCV2d, and PCV2i. The dominant genotype was PCV2d, with a frequency of 49.80% (125/251). The detection rate of PCV2b was significantly higher than those of PCV2a and PCV2i, at 35.46% (89/251), 7.57% (19/251), and 7.17% (18/251), respectively. The percentage of different genotypes of PCV2 varied irregularly over time. We have further revealed the fingerprint of PCV2i genomic nucleotides for the first time. In conclusion, this study illustrates the high frequency and evolutionary features of PCV2 in Jiangsu Province over the past few years.

ObjectiveLarger diameter sutures can provide sufficient tensile strength to surgical incisions but may exacerbate the inflammatory response caused by the amount of implanted foreign material. This experiment aims to investigate the differences in biomechanical stability and tissue reactivity after suturing canine midline abdominal incisions with different suture sizes.MethodAssessing the biomechanical differences between USP 2-0, 3-0, and 4-0 PGA sutures using uniaxial tensile testing on ex vivo canine midline skin and fascial muscle tissues using either a simple continuous or simple interrupted technique. mRNA and protein expression levels of inflammatory factors were measured through RT-PCR and ELISA. Tissue reactivity was evaluated using a semi-quantitative scoring system.ResultFor strains below 30% in skin and below 50% in muscle, there were no significant differences among groups. The results of skin biomechanical testing showed that the USP 4-0 PGA suture group demonstrated significantly lower maximum tensile strength compared to the USP 2-0 PGA or USP 3-0 PGA suture groups. However, it remained capable of providing at least 56.3 N (1.03 MPa) tensile strength for canine skin incisions, matching the tensile strength requirements of general canine abdominal wall surgical incisions. In addition, there were no statistically significant differences observed in the maximum tensile strength among different size of sutures according to the data of biomechanical testing in muscle. Larger diameter sutures led to increased levels of inflammatory factors (IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-ɑ) and tissue reactivity. Simple interrupted sutures caused higher levels of inflammatory factors in muscular tissue compared to simple continuous sutures.ConclusionUSP 4-0 PGA sutures provide sufficient biomechanical stability for suturing canine abdominal skin and linea alba. Suture size significantly influences tissue reactivity after suturing, with smaller gauge sutures reducing early tissue inflammatory response. Thus, USP 4-0 PGA suture has more advantages to suturing canine abdominal surgical incisions.

BackgroundWhen an X-ray tube operates, a large number of backscattered electrons are generated inside the tube. Under the influence of the electric field inside the X-ray tube, these backscattered electrons are pulled back to the anode target by the electric field, generating additional X-rays, which ultimately have a negative impact on the quality of the emitted beam.PurposeThis study aims at the distribution rules of backscattered electrons in transmission X-ray tubes, and the changes in backscattered electrons caused by target materials and tube voltages as well as their impact on the outgoing beam quality.MethodsFirstly, Geant4 was used to establish the physical model of the transmission X-ray tube, and the theoretical calculations were compared with experimental data to verify the accuracy of the calculation program. Then, C, Si, Cu, Ag, and W were selected as anode target materials, and the influences of different electric field strengths and these target materials on the distribution of backscattered electrons in the X-ray tube were analyzed in details. Finally, the influence of the backscattered electrons on the outgoing beam quality under the effect of tube voltage was investigated.ResultsThe full width at half maximum, photon yield, and characteristic peak yield of the outgoing beam of the X-ray tube increase when considering the electric field, indicating that the backscattered electrons have effect on the outgoing spectrum quality. Simultanously, the backscattered electrons pulled back by the electric field in the first and second generations predominantly affect the outgoing beam quality. A change in the tube voltage alters the extent of influence of the backscattered electrons on the outgoing beam quality, and a larger tube voltage leads to a more obvious influence of the backscattered electrons on the outgoing beam quality of the X-ray tube.ConclusionsThe distribution of inside backscattered electron is closely related to the characteristics of the X-ray tube, including the tube voltage and target material. The results of this study may provide a reference for numerical simulation calculations of miniature transmission X-ray tubes.

BackgroundAlthough the Chinese promotion of labor analgesia began in 2018 to improve maternal health, high-quality medical care is difficult to provide to pregnant women when medical staff cannot implement standard labor analgesia procedures. This study aims to examine medical personnel's adherence to labor analgesia protocols and to explore the relationships among adherence, satisfaction, and other factors.MethodsThe data were from a national cross-sectional dataset (N = 13,944) of the 2020 Chinese Labor Analgesia Pilot Evaluation Project. Mediating and moderating effects analyses were used to examine the role of satisfaction as a mediator between support measures and adherence.ResultsThere were differences in adherence between different types of medical personnel. Support measures and satisfaction had a positive association with adherence to labor analgesia protocols. Satisfaction had a significant mediating and moderating effect on the relationship between support measures and adherence to labor analgesia standards. Moderating effects of professional titles and attitudes were also observed.ConclusionPrimary health care policies worth considering include comprehensive incentives for medical institutions to improve the use of labor analgesia by medical personnel. It is also worth considering providing more training opportunities for the staff in anesthesiology departments.

In this study, the effects of the annealing temperature and holding time on the δ ferrite content in M50NiL bearing steel are evaluated. The results indicate that when the temperature increases from 900°C to 1200°C, the δ ferrite content increases as a result of the increase in the Cr equivalent in the matrix, which decreases the stability of austenite and promotes the transformation of γ ⟶ δ. At 1300°C, the δ ferrite content sharply increases because the austenite transforms into δ ferrite in large quantities when heated to the γ + δ phase region. When the steel is annealed at 1200°C, the content of δ ferrite first decreases and then increases with increasing holding time (0.5–50 h). Meanwhile, the δ ferrite content reaches the lowest value of 3.5% after 30 h of annealing. The decrease in the δ ferrite content is attributed to the increase in the Ni equivalent in δ ferrite, which promotes the transformation from δ ferrite to austenite. The increase in the δ ferrite content is attributed to the diffusion of Mo and V ferrite-forming elements into grains, resulting in the nucleation of a large amount of δ ferrite.

In order to improve the strength and work hardening capacity of high manganese steel, the effects of alloying elements on the stacking fault energy (SFE) and driving force of fcc→hcp transformation in Fe-Mn-C-Cr-Si high manganese steels were explored in detail. Based on the thermodynamic calculations, the Fe-0.6C-15Mn-(4,6)Cr-(0,3)Si (wt.%) steels were prepared to investigate the microstructure and mechanical properties. The calculated results show that the Cr reduces the SFE of Fe-C-Mn-Cr high Mn steels linearly and the reduction rate of SFE is greater as the C content increasing. With increasing the Si concentration, the SFE of Fe-C-Mn-Si steels decreases when the Mn content is higher than 18 wt.%. However, when carbon content is less than 1 wt.% and Mn content less than 18 wt.%, the SFE reaches to a maximum value and then declines with the increase of Si content. The combined effect of Cr and Si on the SFE of Fe-C-Mn-Si-Cr steels appears the similar behaviors to that of Si. Generally, the value of driving force, ${\rm{\Delta }}{{\rm{G}}}^{\gamma \to \varepsilon },$ of fcc→hcp transformation in Fe-Mn-C-2Cr-Si (wt.%) steels increases with the increase of C and Mn and decreases with the Si content increasing. However, for 0.6 wt.% C and 7 wt.% Mn steels, the value of ${\rm{\Delta }}{{\rm{G}}}^{\gamma \to \varepsilon }$ first increases and then decreases with the increase of Si content. The results of tensile test indicated that the Fe-15Mn-0.6C-6Cr-3Si (wt.%) high manganese steel demonstrates a better combination of the ultimate strength of 987 MPa, yield strength of 470 MPa, fracture elongation of 41.5% and high work hardening capacity because of the ε -martensitic transformation caused by the great ${\rm{\Delta }}{{\rm{G}}}^{\gamma \to \varepsilon }\,$ (large negative value) and low SFE under stress.