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The rapid evolution of the digital landscape through advancements in electronic devices, wireless communication, and electromagnetic wave technologies has brought both convenience and new security concerns. One such security challenge is TEMPEST (Transient Electromagnetic Pulse Emanation Standard), which exploits electromagnetic waves for potential information leakage. This paper focuses on analyzing and restoring leaked electromagnetic waves, particularly in the context of video systems operating under identical clock frequencies-a scenario not adequately addressed by previous researches. The main content involves presenting and experimentally verifying a method for identifying leaked electromagnetic waves from systems with identical clock frequencies by analyzing electromagnetic characteristics related to frequency and phase.

This study focuses on optimizing the spin algorithm of washing machines to reduce spin time and vibration, two crucial performance metrics often in a trade-off relationship due to structural limitations. We developed a simulator for the spin process that accounts for the uncertainty associated with the clothes’ position in the drum. Using this simulator, we designed a robust optimization algorithm to minimize spin time while maintaining acceptable vibration levels. The variation in the mass and position of laundry within the drum primarily affects vibration performance during the spin process. We formulated the unknown unbalance caused by the laundry as test-implementable unbalance parameters (UBP), represented as random variables. The uncertainties in the laundry’s unbalance for repeated experiments were estimated by the distribution of these UBPs. Experiments were conducted at parametrically designed points to measure vibrations and internal sensor values for control in specific revolutions per minute (RPM)ranges. These data were used to create approximate models. Monte Carlo simulation was then applied with UBP distributions obtained from the clothing experiments to meta-models, and the simulator was equipped with the spin algorithm. This process allowed us to predict the distribution of the maximum tub vibration displacement and spin time. A robust optimization algorithm was subsequently applied to the simulation model to derive the optimal spin algorithm. The proposed methodology yielded substantial improvements: a 25% reduction in the mean value of maximum displacement and a 90% reduction in the mean value of spin time compared to initial values.

Journal editors are putting a lot of effort into selecting appropriate reviewers for fair and reliable peer review of submitted manuscripts. Editors consider whether the reviewers have no affinity with any of the authors of manuscripts and have sufficient expertise in reviewing the manuscripts. The affinity can be evaluated by whether any of the reviewers has been a coauthor and/or a coworker in a common institution with any of the authors of the manuscript. The expertise depends on the similarity of the research topic between the reviewer’s published papers and the submitted manuscripts. In this paper we propose an algorithm to recommend appropriate reviewers to editors, based on the assessment of these scholarly activities and achievements. To implement this algorithm, TextRank and GenSim library are used to extract feature sets from abstract and introduction sections of both submitted manuscripts and the reviewer candidates’ papers. Based on the extracted feature sets, affinity and expertise check are implemented. An experiment has been conducted with a data set of over 1,000 papers in the field of DB research to evaluate the performance of this algorithm. The experiment consists of affinity check by using 2-mode network matrix operations and expertise check based on Max Similarity and/or topic clustering. Experimental results show that the recommendation algorithm is reasonable on the basis of scholarly activity assessment and achievements. Our method is designed to optimize the reviewer pool for each journal, client and this algorithm is designed with an open license and has the advantage of being free to use and operate. In addition, our algorithm has the advantage of journal-specific optimization by designing to adjust the expertise of the reviewer selection and the weights for exclusion of interests to reflect journal-specific policies.

This paper investigates the electromagnetic interference characteristics of the transition-minimized differential signaling (TMDS) scheme, which is a well-known technology of rapid serial data transmission, from a radio communication perspective. Such scrutiny regarding the leaking phenomenon inspires a pseudo model of the compromising signal model, which can simultaneously consider behavioral features of the software-defined radio with a simple RF front-end measuring the leakage. In this work, a conceptual explanation with mathematical formulations in implementing the pseudo model has been presented. Subsequently, by merging the model with various extra noises being in nature, the model can be utilized to facilitate and quantify the possibility of information extraction from the defected electromagnetic signatures. Furthermore, it is interesting to note that there are asynchronous problems due to inevitable timing errors in video display devices, even with a sophisticated acquisition system, and it turns out to be fatal for the frame-averaging scheme conducted before the signal demodulation. In view of these challenges, we have formulated a synchronizing scheme and verified the validity by utilizing the pseudo model with the extra noise to take into account the asynchronous problem. Moreover, the structural similarity (SSIM), a function of the signal-to-noise ratio, can provide the number of frames for the frame-averaging process and eventually give the minimum acquisition time to earn meaningful information from the compromising emanation. Finally, after the appropriate post-processing, the extracted information from the actual measurements is compared with the reconstruction from the pseudo-model results revealing excellent agreements.

This paper proposes a method to reconstruct an original video display from electromagnetic leakage by using the characteristics of digital video interfaces (e.g., digital visual interface (DVI) and high-definition multimedia interface (HDMI)). Moreover, it is proven that the analysis is applicable through a very narrow multiband pass filter when multiple video display units (VDUs) with identical video properties (resolution, refresh rate, etc.) are placed together and emanate simultaneously. The proposed method is verified with our reconstruction system and is expected to contribute to improving the security of video display signals by raising awareness regarding information leakage risks.

BackgroundThe efficacy of spot stenting using drug-eluting stents (DES) for the treatment of long femoropopliteal (FP) lesion is unknown. This study aimed to compare clinical outcomes of long full coverage vs. spot coverage with DES for long FP artery disease.MethodsThis multicenter randomized trial compared long DES vs. spot DES for FP lesions longer than 150 mm. All lesions were treated with paclitaxel-eluting stents (Zilver PTX). The primary endpoint was primary patency at 12 months.ResultsThe study was terminated early after an interim analysis. A total of 103 patients (55 in the long DES group; 48 in the spot DES group) were eligible for analysis. There were no significant differences in baseline and lesion characteristics between groups. Total stent length was longer in the long DES group than in the spot DES group (225.6 ± 67.2 vs. 131.3 ± 48.7 mm, p < 0.001). Technical success was achieved in all patients. There was a trend toward a higher primary patency rate at 12 months in the long DES group than in the spot DES group (87.5% vs. 67.5%, p = 0.120). The rate of survival free from target lesion revascularization was significantly higher in the long DES group than in the spot DES group (91.7% vs. 72.0%, p = 0.044). In multivariate Cox regression analysis, spot DES [hazard ratio (HR) 2.42, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.14–5.12, p = 0.021] and postdilation (HR 0.27, 95% CI 0.09–0.79, p = 0.018) were identified as independent predictors for loss of patency at 12 months post-procedure.ConclusionsLong DES were more effective than spot DES for treating long FP lesions.Clinical trial registrationClinicaltrials.gov, identifier: NCT02701881.

This paper addresses the issue of electromagnetic interference (EMI) in electric vehicle supply equipment (EVSE) charging cables, which can disrupt the communication signal for the real-time monitoring of the charging status, leading to the termination of charging. We propose a dedicated measurement jig for the Combined Charging System Combo Type 1 (CCS-CT1) cable structure and models its electrical characteristics of the jig using the impedance peeling technique for de-embedding. The obtained pure S-parameters of CCS-CT1 are then used to conduct a simulation of the signal integrity problem caused by Gaussian noise, which is the worst-case scenario that can occur in a typical charging system. This paper suggests that the root cause of this problem may be related to the high-power AC/DC conversion device included in the EVSE, which uses a switch-mode power conversion (SMPC) method that involves nonlinear operation and can result in increased harmonic noise and a more complex signal protocol for precise control. Finally, this study provides insights into the challenges of implementing high-speed charging systems and offers a solution for obtaining the accurate electromagnetic characteristics of charging cables.

In order to create a transparent and sound academic communication ecosystem centered on researchers, we developed a system that applied blockchain technology to an open peer review system. In this study, an open peer review system was developed based on Hyperledger Fabric, which is a private blockchain. The system can be operated in connection with the reviewer recommendation module of the existing submission management system. In the reviewer recommendation module, reviewers are recommended by excluding co-authors and colleagues after an expertise test. The blockchain system performs an open peer review process based on smart contracts, while the submission management system selects reviewers for peer review. A service broker intervenes between these two systems for data interchange. The system developed herein is expected to be used as a researcher-centered scholarly communication model in the open science era, in which the intervention of publishers is minimized, and authors and reviewers (as researchers) are centered.

Abstract Wearable sensors have the potential to enable measurement of sweat chloride outside the clinic. Here we assess the feasibility of mild exercise as an alternative to pilocarpine iontophoresis for sweat generation. The results from this proof-of-concept study suggest that mild exercise could be a feasible approach to obtain reliable measurements of sweat chloride concentration within 20–30 min using a wearable sensor.

This paper presents an effective analysis approach for a flexible rotor in ball bearings with nonlinear stiffness characteristics to obtain realistic dynamic behavior results. The ball bearing is modeled in five degrees of freedom and the nonlinear stiffness characteristics of the bearing are completely described as functions of combined loads and spin speed. For dynamic behavior analysis of the nonlinear rotor-bearing system, a transfer-matrix method is iteratively used until the bearing displacements and the shaft displacements at every bearing location converge to the same values. The results show that the nonlinear stiffness characteristics of ball bearings significantly influence system dynamic behaviors and the proposed analysis approach for the nonlinear rotor-bearing system is effective.

Abstract The highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) and lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) energies, which are key factors in optoelectronic devices, must be accurately estimated for newly designed materials. Here, we developed a deep learning (DL) model that was trained with an experimental database containing the HOMO and LUMO energies of 3026 organic molecules in solvents or solids and was capable of predicting the HOMO and LUMO energies of molecules with the mean absolute errors of 0.058 eV. Additionally, we demonstrated that our DL model was efficiently used to virtually screen optimal host and emitter molecules for organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs). Deep-blue fluorescent OLEDs, which were fabricated with emitter and host molecules selected via DL prediction, exhibited narrow emission (bandwidth = 36 nm) at 412 nm and an external quantum efficiency of 6.58%. Our DL-assisted virtual screening method can be further applied to the development of component materials in optoelectronics.

The photophysical properties of donor (D)-acceptor (A) polymers were studied by designing two types of polymers, (D-σ-A)n and (D-π-A)n, with non-conjugated alkyl (sp3) and π-conjugated (sp2) linkers using π-extended donor and acceptor monomers that exhibit planar A-D-A structures. The non-conjugated alkyl linker provides structural flexibility to the (D-σ-A)n polymers, while the π-conjugated linker retains the rigid structure of the (D-π-A)n polymers. Photoinduced energy transfer occurs from the large donor to acceptor units in both polymers. However, the photoinduced energy transfer dynamics are found to be dependent on the conformation of the polymers, where the difference is dictated by the types of linkers between the donor and acceptor units. In solution, intramolecular energy transfer is relatively favorable for the (D-σ-A)n polymers with flexible linkers that allow the donor and acceptor units to be proximally located in the polymers. On the other hand, intermolecular (or interchain) energy transfer is dominant in the two polymer films because the π-extended donor and acceptor units in polymers are closely packed. The structural flexibility of the linkers between the donor and acceptor repeating units in the polymers affects the efficiency of energy transfer between the donor and acceptor units and the overall photophysical properties of the polymers.

Organic entities that can transport electrons are seldom available to develop adequate bipolar host materials applicable for solution-processable thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF)-organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs). Therefore, the introduction of new electron-affine entities that plausibly demonstrate high triplet energy (ET) is of urgent need. In this contribution, we introduced benzimidazo[1,2-a][3,1]benzothiazine (BBIT) as a novel electron-affine entity and developed two new bipolar host materials, CzBBIT and 2CzBBIT. Both host materials exhibit high ET of 3.0 eV, superior thermal robustness with the thermal decomposition temperature of up to 392°C, a glass transition temperature of up to 161°C, and high solubility in common organic solvents. Consequently, the solution-processable OLEDs fabricated using a recognized IAcTr-out as the green TADF emitter doped into CzBBIT as the host, realized a maximum external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 23.3%, while the 2CzBBIT:IAcTr-out blend film-based device displayed an EQE of 18.7%. These outcomes corroborated that this work could shed light on the scientific community on the design of new electron-affine entities to establish the effective use of bipolar host materials toward proficient solution-processable TADF-OLEDs.

Abstract A highly crystalline conjugated donor (D)–acceptor (A) block copolymer (PBDT2T‐b‐N2200) that has good solubility in nonhalogenated solvents is successfully synthesized. PBDT2T‐b‐N2200 shows a broad complementary absorption behavior owing to a wide‐band gap donor (PBDT2T) present as a D‐block and a narrow‐band gap acceptor (N2200) present as an A‐block. Polymer solar cells (PSCs) with conjugated block copolymer (CBCP) are fabricated using a toluene solution and PSC created with an annealed film showing the highest power conversion efficiency of 6.43%, which is 2.4 times higher than that made with an annealed blend film of PBDT2T and N2200. Compared to the blend film, the PBDT2T‐b‐N2200 film exhibits a highly improved surface and internal morphology, as well as a faster photoluminescence decay lifetime, indicating a more efficient photoinduced electron transfer. In addition, the PBDT2T‐b‐N2200 film shows high crystallinity through an effective self‐assembly of each block during thermal annealing and a predominant face‐on chain orientation favorable to a vertical‐type PSC. Moreover, the CBCP‐based PSCs exhibit an excellent shelf‐life time of over 1020 h owing to their morphological stability. From these results, a D–A block copolymer system is one of the efficient strategies to improve miscibility and morphological stability in all polymer blend systems.

The highly contoured nature of the nose and the abundant free margin makes it especially difficult to reconstruct. In this report, we describe the use of a new helical rim free flap technique for the reconstruction of full-thickness nasal alar defects via supermicrosurgery. Briefly, after a wide excision with a margin of 0.7 cm, an alar defect with a size of 1×1×0.5cm was obtained, which included the full thickness of the skin, mucosa, and lower lateral cartilage. Vessel dissection was performed in a straightforward manner, starting from the incision margin for flap harvest, without any further dissection for reach the greater trunk of the superficial temporal artery. The flap was inset in order to match the contour of the contralateral ala. We closed the donor site via rotation and advancement. No donor site morbidity was observed, despite the presence of a small scar that could easily be covered with hair. The alar contour was satisfactory, and the patient was satisfied with the results. The supermicrosurgical technique did not require further dissection to identify the vessels for anastomosis, leading to better cosmetic outcomes and a reduced operating time.

Coherent phonon oscillations in the UV-Vis transient absorption and circular dichroism response of two chiral polyfluorene-based copolymer thin films are investigated. A slow oscillation in the hundred picosecond regime indicates the propagation of a longitudinal acoustic phonon with a frequency in the gigahertz range through cholesteric films of PFPh and PFBT, which allow for the optical determination of the longitudinal sound velocity in these polymers, with values of (2550 ± 140) and (2490 ± 150) m s−1, respectively. The oscillation is induced by a strain wave, resulting in a pressure-induced periodic shift of the electronic absorption bands, as extracted from a Fourier analysis of the transient spectra. The acoustic phonon oscillation is also clearly detected in the transient circular dichroism (TrCD) response of PFPh, indicating a transient pressure-induced shift of the CD spectrum and possibly also phonon-induced chirality changes via pitch length modulation of the cholesteric helical polymer stack.

Background Fractional CO2 laser is an effective treatment for scars, but most patients complain about sharp burning pain, even after the application of lidocaine ointment. This study analyzed the impact of a vibrating device to nonpharmacologically reduce the acute pain of laser treatment, in accordance with the gate control theory of pain management. Methods This is a prospective study performed from May 2013 through March 2014. Fifty-three patients (mean age, 26.7 years; range, 16–44 years) who had donated livers for liver transplantation were treated with a fractional CO2 laser (10,600 nm; model eCO2, Lutronic Corp) for their abdomen scars. Laser treatment was applied 4 months after surgery. A commercially available, locally applied vibrating device (model UM-30M, Unix Electronics Co. Ltd.) was used, in an on-and-off pattern, together with the CO2 laser. A visual analogue scale (VAS; 0, no pain; 10, most severe pain) of pain sensation was assessed and statistically analyzed using a paired t-test. Results The average VAS score for pain with the vibrating device was 4.60 and the average VAS score without the vibrating device was 6.11. The average difference between scores was 1.51 (P=0.001). Conclusions A locally applied vibrating device was demonstrated to be effective in reducing pain when treating with a fractional CO2 laser. Vibration treatment could be helpful when treating scars with fractional CO2 laser in pain-sensitive patients, particularly children.