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An optimized method of ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) was proposed for the effective extraction of polyphenols from the mushroom of Cantharelles cibarius and evaluated by response surface methodology. In this study, solid-liquid ratio, ultrasonic temperature, ethanol concentration and ultrasonic time were investigated and optimized using a central composite rotatable design. The main polyphenols were identified by UPLC-MS method. Besides, traditional extracting methods including maceration and soxhlet extraction methods were also carried out for comparison. Moreover, the antioxidant activity of polyphenols was evaluated by the scavenging abilities of DPPH free radical, ABTS+ free radical and measuring Fe3+ reduction capacity. The results showed that the best extraction conditions were ethanol concentration 40%, solid-liquid ratio 1:32 g/mL, ultrasonic temperature 40 ℃ and ultrasonic time 21 min . Ultrasonic assisted extraction of polyphenols was the highest, 11.80 mg/g, the content of extracted polyphenols was 8.60 mg/g, the polyphenols of Soxhlet heat reflux was 3.60 mg/g. The result of UPLC-MS analysis showed that the main phenols contained gallic acid, caffeic acid and eugenic acis. Compared to conventional methods, the ultrasonic assisted extraction was an efficient, rapid and simple approach for the extraction of polyphenols with good antioxidants activity from Cantharelles cibarius.

The essential oil (EO) was extracted from aerial parts with insecticidal and fungicidal activity. Herein, the hydro-distilled essential oils of Seseli mairei H. Wolff roots were determined by GC-MS. A total of 37 components were identified, (E)-beta-caryophyllene (10.49%), β-geranylgeranyl (6.64%), (E)-2-decenal (6.17%) and germacrene-D (4.28%). The essential oil of Seseli mairei H. Wolff had nematicidal toxicity against Bursaphelenchus xylophilus with a LC50 value of 53.45 μg/mL. The subsequent bioassay-guided investigation led to the isolation of three active constituents: falcarinol, (E)-2-decenal, and octanoic acid. The falcarinol demonstrated the strongest toxicity against B. Xylophilus (LC50 = 8.52 μg/mL). The octanoic acid and (E)-2-decenal also exhibited moderate toxicity against B. xylophilus (LC50 = 65.56 and 176.34 μg/mL, respectively). The LC50 of falcarinol for the toxicity of B. xylophilus was 7.7 and 21 times than that of octanoic acid and (E)-2-decenal, respectively. Our findings demonstrate that the essential oil from Seseli mairei H. Wolff roots and their isolates may be developed as a promising natural nematicide.

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Copyright of Journal of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences is the property of Journal of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)