Search

Abstract The tectonic of the Middle and Late Ordovician in the western margin of the north China Platform is complex, and the accumulation models of organic matter of the Wulalike Formation formed during this period are still unclear. Total organic carbon (TOC) content, mineral composition, organic carbon isotope composition, as well as the major and trace elements in the shale samples were all measured in this study. The Wulalike Formation was formed during a tectonic transition from a passive continental margin to an active continental margin. Hydrocarbon-forming organisms are mainly algae. Primary productivity, terrigenous input, and sedimentation rates influence input, dilution, and degradation of organic matter. The degree of degradation, redox, and basin restriction control the preservation of organic matter. The TOC of the Wulalike Formation is determined by the input and preservation degree of organic matter at different sedimentary periods. The organic matter accumulation model in the Wulalike Formation is controlled by regional structures, dominated by sedimentation rate and preservation conditions.

Abstract Hypertension is a primary risk factor for the onset of cardiocerebrovascular diseases, leading to increased mortality. In the early stages of hypertension, changes in the diameter of the retinal arteries and veins are closely observed. Therefore, the automatic segmentation of these arteries and veins in retinal fundus images is crucial for hypertension monitoring. However, current deep learning based methods still fail to generate semantically consistent segmentation result, especially for narrow blood vessel segments. Moreover, the pixels near the vessel edge are prone to be missclassified by current methods, struggling to obtain edge-preserving segmentation results. These critical issues severely hinder downstream applications, which require accurate measurement of artery/vein diameter. First, to alleviate the issue of lacking semantic consistency for vessel segments, we propose a long-range spatial dependency modeling module to learn to model the long-range spatial dependency. On this basis, a multi-level edge guided spatial aggregation module is further presented to enhance the ability to accurately classify the edge pixels, generating edge-preserving results. Extensive experimental results on the widely used DRIVE dataset and our constructed dataset (HFC-50) show the superiority of the proposed model over state-of-the-art methods. Our method achieves balanced accuracy of 95.7% on DRIVE dataset, outperforming all state-of-art methods. Finally, in order to directly demonstrate the benefit of more accurate retinal artery/vein vessel segmentation for the measurement of the ratio of artery and vein, we quantitatively evaluate the computed artery/vein ratio for hypertension patients, with the artery/vein segmentation results generated by our proposed method.

In this study, we investigated the evolution of grain structures and second phases of a Mg-9.5Gd-4Y–2Zn-0.3Zr alloy during two-stage deformation that took place in the metal during hot extrusion, as well as their effects on its mechanical properties. We found that the alloy exhibited a bimodal grain structure consisting of equiaxed dynamic recrystallized (DRXed) grains and elongated unDRXed grains. As the extrusion process progressed, DRX occurred on a large scale, resulting in an increase in the proportion of DRXed grains from 17.8% to 93.2%, and a reduction in average grain size from 80.3 μm to 9.41 μm. The grain orientation also underwent a transition from a single orientation of an extrusion direction (ED) parallel to (i.e. ED//) to mixed orientations of ED// and ED//. The primary mechanism of dynamic recrystallization (DRX) during extrusion involved particle-stimulated nucleation (PSN) accompanied by both continuous and discontinuous DRX. The Mg-9.5Gd-4Y–2Zn-0.3Zr alloy mainly contained intergranular 18R-long period stacking order (LPSO) phases and intragranular 14H-LPSO. As the extrusion process progressed, 18R-LPSO changed from blocky to lamellar to accommodate deformation, and β-Mg5(Gd,Y) phase particles dynamically precipitated along DRXed grain boundaries. The 14H-LPSO phase was found to be primarily distributed within coarse unDRXed grains. As deformation via extrusion progressed, the quantity of 14H-LPSO gradually decreased. Ultimately, with the gradual dissolution of Mg5(Gd,Y), 14H-LPSO reprecipitated within the recrystallized grain boundaries. As the extrusion process progressed, both the yield strength (YS) and elongation (EL) increased from 132.6 MPa to 287.6 MPa and from 10.8% to 15.5%, respectively. This was mainly attributed to the significant reduction in grain size and second phase size.

In this work, a new strategy for achieving ultrahigh strength in the coarse-grained Mg-Gd binary alloy via utilizing recrystallization texture hardening and maximizing precipitation strengthening has been reported. Forging at a much high temperature suppresses dynamic precipitation, enabling the super-saturation of Gd atoms in Mg matrix. This facilitates the formation of fully recrystallized grains with strong texture and induces an exceptionally high precipitation hardening in the following ageing. Therefore, the forged Mg-13Gd sample exhibited extraordinary tensile yield strength (TYS) of ∼430 MPa, in which ageing-induced TYS increment exceeds ∼210 MPa, as the highest record so far in precipitation-hardened Mg communities. These results provide important theoretical guidance for fabricating the large section and high-strength Mg components for industrial applications.

Abstract Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) poses a global health challenge. While pyroptosis is implicated in various diseases, its specific involvement in NAFLD remains unclear. Thus, our study aims to elucidate the role and mechanisms of pyroptosis in NAFLD. Utilizing data from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database, we analyzed the expression levels of pyroptosis-related genes (PRGs) in NAFLD and normal tissues using the R data package. We investigated protein interactions, correlations, and functional enrichment of these genes. Key genes were identified employing multiple machine learning techniques. Immunoinfiltration analyses were conducted to discern differences in immune cell populations between NAFLD patients and controls. Key gene expression was validated using a cell model. Analysis of GEO datasets, comprising 206 NAFLD samples and 10 controls, revealed two key PRGs (TIRAP, and GSDMD). Combining these genes yielded an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.996 for diagnosing NAFLD. In an external dataset, the AUC for the two key genes was 0.825. Nomogram, decision curve, and calibration curve analyses further validated their diagnostic efficacy. These genes were implicated in multiple pathways associated with NAFLD progression. Immunoinfiltration analysis showed significantly lower numbers of various immune cell types in NAFLD patient samples compared to controls. Single sample gene set enrichment analysis (ssGSEA) was employed to assess the immune microenvironment. Finally, the expression of the two key genes was validated in cell NAFLD model using qRT-PCR. We developed a prognostic model for NAFLD based on two PRGs, demonstrating robust predictive efficacy. Our findings enhance the understanding of pyroptosis in NAFLD and suggest potential avenues for therapeutic exploration.

YpsR, a pivotal regulatory protein in the quorum-sensing (QS) of Yersinia pseudotuberculosis(Y. pstb), is essential for molecular signaling, yet its molecular mechanisms remain poorly understood. Herein, this study systematically investigates the interactions between YpsR and acyl-homoserine lactones (AHLs), shedding light on the selective mechanism of YpsR to various AHL molecules. Using molecular docking and surface plasmon resonance (SPR) analysis, we confirmed YpsR's binding affinities, with the strongest observed for 3OC6-HSL, which notably inhibited Y. pstb growth. Additionally, we engineered a whole-cell biosensor based on YpsR-AHL interaction, which exhibited sensitivity to the signal molecule 3OC6-HSL produced by Y. pstb. Furthermore, key YpsR residues (S32, Y50, W54, D67) involved in AHL binding were identified and validated. Overall, this research elucidates the mechanisms of QS signal recognition in Y. pstb, providing valuable insights that support the development of diagnostic tools for detecting Y. pstb infections.

Abstract Mitochondrial dysfunction is a significant contributor to podocyte injury in diabetic kidney disease (DKD). While previous studies have shown that PVT1 might play a vital role in DKD, the precise molecular mechanisms are largely unknown. By analyzing the plasma and kidney tissues of DKD patients, we observed a significant upregulation of PVT1 expression, which exhibited a positive correlation with albumin/creatinine ratios and serum creatinine levels. Then, we generated mice with podocyte-specific deletion of PVT1 (Nphs2-Cre/Pvt1 flox/flox ) and confirmed that the deletion of PVT1 suppressed podocyte mitochondrial dysfunction and inflammation in addition to ameliorating diabetes-induced podocyte injury, glomerulopathy, and proteinuria. Subsequently, we cultured podocytes in vitro and observed that PVT1 expression was upregulated under hyperglycemic conditions. Mechanistically, we demonstrated that PVT1 was involved in mitochondrial dysfunction by interacting with TRIM56 post-transcriptionally to modulate the ubiquitination of AMPKα, leading to aberrant mitochondrial biogenesis and fission. Additionally, the release of mtDNA and mtROS from damaged mitochondria triggered inflammation in podocytes. Subsequently, we verified the important role of TRIM56 in vivo by constructing Nphs2-Cre/Trim56flox/flox mice, consistently with the results of Nphs2-Cre/Pvt1 flox/flox mice. Together, our results revealed that upregulation of PVT1 could promote mitochondrial dysfunction and inflammation of podocyte by modulating TRIM56, highlighting a potential novel therapeutic target for DKD.

Mg-Gd-Y-Zn-Zr alloy is an essential high strength weight ratio material in the aerospace field. It has been fabricated gradually using wire-arc additive manufacturing (WAAM), a key integrated preparation technology for large-scale parts. In this investigation, a Mg-9.4Gd-3.3Y-1.75Zn-0.38Zr (wt.%) alloy was prepared by WAAM based in the cold metal transfer (CMT) process. Investigations were conducted into the microstructural evolution and mechanical properties during the solution and aging heat treatment. With an average grain size of 18.30 ± 9.89 μm, the as-deposited Mg-Gd-Y-Zn-Zr alloy is mainly composed of α-Mg matrix, (Mg,Zn)3(Gd,Y) eutectic phase, RE-rich particles, and rare-earth (RE) segregation zone. Following a 12-h heat treatment at 500 °C, the average grain size of the α-Mg matrix showed no appreciable changes. The α-Mg matrix also dissolved the (Mg, Zn)3(Gd, Y) phases, which led to the production of long period stacking ordered (LPSO) phases and the disappearance of the RE-segregation zone. The appearance of the nanoscale β′ phase following aging heat treatment. The deposited alloys had the following tensile properties: 196.5 ± 24 MPa for ultimate tensile strength (UTS), 157.2 ± 14 MPa for yield strength (YS), and 2.08 ± 0.8% for elongation (EL). The formation of LSPO phase can improve the ductility while the formation of nanoscale β′ phase can improve the strength of Mg-Gd-Y-Zn-Zr alloy. Thus, after heat treatment at 500 °C for 12 h, the alloy's EL rose to 9.27 ± 0.94%. After further aging heat treatment for 225 °C at 24h, the alloy's YS rose to 234±3 MPa and its EL was 4.56 ± 0.25%.

Abstract We are studying the effects of Self-Interacting dark radiation (SIdr) on the evolution of the universe. Our main focus is on the cosmic microwave background (CMB) and how SIdr could potentially help resolve the Hubble tension. We are looking into different scenarios by mixing SIdr with Free-Streaming dark radiation (FSdr) or not to determine whether SIdr can indeed contribute to solving the Hubble tension. We find that SIdr alone can increase the Hubble constant ( $$H_0$$ H 0 ) to $$70.1_{-1.6}^{+1.3}, \text {km/s/Mpc}$$ 70 . 1 - 1.6 + 1.3 , km/s/Mpc with a value of $$N_\textrm{eff}=3.27_{-0.31}^{+0.23}$$ N eff = 3 . 27 - 0.31 + 0.23 . However, including FSdr disfavors the existence of SIdr $${\tilde{N}}_\textrm{si}\approx 0.37$$ N ~ si ≈ 0.37 . Even though the Hubble constant is increased compared to the predicted value, it entails $$N_\textrm{eff}=3.52\pm 0.25$$ N eff = 3.52 ± 0.25 . Finally, we implement the Fisher method for future experiments and a $$7.64\sigma $$ 7.64 σ measurement of $${\tilde{N}}_\textrm{si}$$ N ~ si will be obtained when combing data from Planck, AliCPT, and CMB-S4.

Abstract Background Eosinophilic solid and cystic renal cell carcinoma (ESC-RCC) is a novel subtype of renal cell carcinoma characterized by its relatively low incidence and indolent behavior. We report a rare case of ESC-RCC concurrent with clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) in a single kidney. Case presentation A 48-year-old male, was found to have a mixed echogenic mass in the left kidney during a physical examination. He has no history of hematuria and flank pain. An abdominal CT scan revealed a 3.0 * 1.9 * 2.5 cm3 mass with unclearly bordered at the lower pole of the left kidney. Abdominal MRI showed two nodules of different sizes in the left kidney, suggesting the possibility of a tumor. The patient underwent a subtotal nephrectomy, and the postoperative pathological results indicated ESC-RCC combined with ccRCC. The patient recovered well without tumor recurrence during the 12-month follow-up. Conclusion We reported a case of renal composite tumors, comprising the rare ESC-RCC and the more common ccRCC. Imaging combined with postoperative pathological examination is crucial for the definitive diagnosis of these rare tumors.

To date, the exploration of multi-principal element alloys (MPEAs) has rarely ventured into the realm of hexagonal close-packed (HCP) structures. In this research, we embarked on a pioneering systematic comparison between a single-phase Ti-Zr-Hf HCP-MPEA and Ti regarding their dislocation activities and mesoscale deformation homogeneity. Through large-area high-resolution quasi-in-situ slip trace analysis and crystal plasticity finite element modeling, we identified HCP-MPEA’s significantly enhanced pyramidal slip activities—resulted from minimized disparities among different deformation modes—notably improve the material’s intragranular deformation homogeneity. Alongside MPEA’s intrinsically high slip resistance, it renders HCP-MPEA an outstanding strength-toughness combination relative to its conventional HCP counterparts.

Bainbridge–Ropers syndrome (BRPS) is a recently described neurodevelopmental genetic disorder associated with de novo truncating variants in additional sex combs like 3 (ASXL3) on chromosome 18q12.1. Trio-based exome sequencing was conducted on patients admitted to the Children’s Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University and diagnosed with unexplained intellectual disabilities or developmental delay between June 2022 and January 2024. De novo truncation of ASXL3 was identified in four patients, and the pathogenic variants and their de novo status were validated using Sanger sequencing. Comprehensive clinical phenotype–genotype information of all previously reported patients with BRPS was collected and summarized. The common clinical manifestations observed in the four patients included language and intellectual disabilities or psychomotor retardation. Genetic analysis revealed that patient 1 carried a de novo heterozygous variant, c.1667_1668del (p.Thr556Arpfs*3), whereas patient 2 had a novel heterozygous frameshift variant of ASXL3, c.3324del (p.Lys1109Serfs*34). These two variants have not been documented to date. Additionally, patients 3 and 4 exhibited a de novo variant, c.4678C > T (p.Arg1560Ter). Based on the combined assessment of clinical phenotypes and genetic testing results, it was postulated that all four children presented with BRPS syndrome caused by pathogenic variations in ASXL3. The present study complements the range of ASXL3 mutational and phenotypic spectra in the population, highlighting subtle distinctions in clinical manifestations between Chinese patients and other racial groups. The reporting of additional cases will contribute to further elucidating the function of ASXL3 and establishing a solid foundation for clinical diagnosis and treatment.

Abstract Three novel asymmetric Ir(III) complexes have been rationally designed to optimize their emitting dipole orientations (EDO) and enhance light outcoupling in blue phosphorescent organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs), thereby boosting their external quantum efficiency (EQE). Bulky electron‐donating groups (EDGs), namely: carbazole (Cz), di‐tert‐butyl carbazole (tBuCz), and phenoxazine (Pxz) are incorporated into the tridentate dicarbene pincer chelate to induce high degree of packing anisotropy, simultaneously enhancing their photophysical properties. Angle‐dependent photoluminescence (ADPL) measurements indicate increased horizontal transition dipole ratios of 0.89 and 0.90 for the Ir(III) complexes Cz‐dfppy‐CN and tBuCz‐dfppy‐CN, respectively. Analysis of the single crystal structure and density functional theory (DFT) calculation results revealed an inherent correlation between molecular aspect ratio and EDO. Utilizing the newly obtained emitters, the blue OLED devices demonstrated exceptional performance, achieving a maximum EQE of 30.7% at a Commission International de l'Eclairage (CIE) coordinate of (0.140, 0.148). Optical transfer matrix‐based simulations confirmed a maximum outcoupling efficiency of 35% due to improved EDO. Finally, the tandem OLED and hyper‐OLED devices exhibited a maximum EQE of 44.2% and 31.6%, respectively, together with good device stability. This rational molecular design provides straightforward guidelines to reach highly efficient and stable saturated blue emission.

Abstract Hydrogen, a clean resource with high energy density, is one of the most promising alternatives to fossil. Proton exchange membrane water electrolyzers are beneficial for hydrogen production because of their high current density, facile operation, and high gas purity. However, the large‐scale application of electrochemical water splitting to acidic electrolytes is severely limited by the sluggish kinetics of the anodic reaction and the inadequate development of corrosion‐ and highly oxidation‐resistant anode catalysts. Therefore, anode catalysts with excellent performance and long‐term durability must be developed for anodic oxygen evolution reactions (OER) in acidic media. This review comprehensively outlines three commonly employed strategies, namely, defect, phase, and structure engineering, to address the challenges within the acidic OER, while also identifying their existing limitations. Accordingly, the correlation between material design strategies and catalytic performance is discussed in terms of their contribution to high activity and long‐term stability. In addition, various nanostructures that can effectively enhance the catalyst performance at the mesoscale are summarized from the perspective of engineering technology, thus providing suitable strategies for catalyst design that satisfy industrial requirements. Finally, the challenges and future outlook in the area of acidic OER are presented.

Abstract Diabetic kidney disease, known as a glomerular disease, arises from a metabolic disorder impairing renal cell function. Mitochondria, crucial organelles, play a key role in substance metabolism via oxidative phosphorylation to generate ATP. Cells undergo metabolic reprogramming as a compensatory mechanism to fulfill energy needs for survival and growth, attracting scholarly attention in recent years. Studies indicate that mitochondrial metabolic reprogramming significantly influences the pathophysiological progression of DKD. Alterations in kidney metabolism lead to abnormal expression of signaling molecules and activation of pathways, inducing oxidative stress-related cellular damage, inflammatory responses, apoptosis, and autophagy irregularities, culminating in renal fibrosis and insufficiency. This review delves into the impact of mitochondrial metabolic reprogramming on DKD pathogenesis, emphasizing the regulation of metabolic regulators and downstream signaling pathways. Therapeutic interventions targeting renal metabolic reprogramming can potentially delay DKD progression. The findings underscore the importance of focusing on metabolic reprogramming to develop safer and more effective therapeutic approaches.

Abstract Background Ameloblastic fibrosarcoma (AFS) is a rare malignant odontogenic tumor, commonly occurring in young adults and typically affecting the mandibular region. We report an exceptionally rare and highly atypical case of AFS in an elderly female patient originating from the maxillary bone. Case presentation A 66-year-old woman was admitted with a two-week history of a lump in her left upper molar. CT scans suggested a cyst in the maxillary bone. An incisional biopsy revealed a spindle cell neoplasm. MRI showed abnormalities in the left maxilla, indicating a possible tumorous lesion. The patient underwent a subtotal maxillectomy, wide tumor excision, intraoral epithelial flap transplantation, and dental extraction. Histology identified atypical tumor cells with visible mitotic figures. Immunohistochemistry showed negative for PCK and CD34 expression, but positive for Vimentin and SMA expression. The Ki-67 proliferation index ranged from 30 to 50%. These findings suggested a potentially malignant soft tissue tumor in the left maxilla, leaning towards a diagnosis of AFS. The patient received postoperative radiotherapy. There was no recurrence during the six-month follow-up. Conclusion Based on repeated pathological evidence, we report a rare case of an elderly female with AFS originating from the maxillary bone. Surgery and postoperative radiotherapy resulted in a favorable outcome.

The evaluation of potential helium source rocks’ effectiveness is a core issue in the field of helium resource exploration and development. However, previous studies predominantly rely on uranium (U) and thorium (T) contents and the age of the rock for evaluating the effectiveness of potential helium source rocks, which fails to fully characterize the key factors affecting their effectiveness. Therefore, this paper takes four typical potential helium source rocks—granite, mud shale, gneisses, and bauxite, as the research object. Through the establishment of a calculation model for accumulated dissolved helium in pore water, combined with gas reservoir examples, a quantitative analysis of dissolved helium accumulation and exsolution in the pores of each potential helium source rock is carried out. This analysis aims to discuss and summarize the effectiveness of each potential helium source rock and the evaluation method for identifying effective helium source rocks. It is believed that: (1) The exsolution of dissolved helium accumulated in the pores of potential helium source rocks into free helium on a large scale under suitable conditions is the key prerequisite for identifying their effectiveness; (2) In addition to the content of U and Th elements, parameters such as large volume, suitable porosity, and water saturation, the good matching relationship of “sedimentary and burial history, gas accumulation history and tectonic evolution history”, and relatively specific helium generation ability are also the key parameters for judging the effectiveness of potential helium source rocks; (3) By establishing the calculation method of dissolved helium enrichment efficiency (ηHe), it is concluded that under similar conditions, free helium enrichment is most easily achieved in granite, followed by mud shale and bauxite, while gneiss poses the greatest difficulty.

The present study investigates the effect of nickel oxide nanoparticles (NiO-NPs) on C6 glioma cells and develops a method for preparing NiO. Plant-based materials (leaf extract) can produce NPs efficiently and economically. Therefore, we developed NiO-NPs from Terminalia chebula leaf extract to reduce C6 glioblastoma cell proliferation. The structural, optical, and antimicrobial properties of NiO-NPs were investigated. 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assays, Acridine orange/ethidium bromide dual staining, Hoechst 33342, and Rh123 staining were used to evaluate nuclear changes and mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) in C6 glioblastoma cells. X-ray diffraction analyses revealed the cubic structures of the synthesized NiO-NPs, field emission scanning electron microscope analysis revealed polygonal NiO-NPs and an energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometer confirmed the high purity of the synthesized NiO-NPs. V. cholera, S. pneumonia, S. aureus, B. subtilis, P. aeruginosa, K. pneumonia, and C. albicans were sensitive to NiO-NPs. When NiO-NPs were applied at lower concentrations to rat glioblastoma C6 cells, they dose-dependently inhibited viability and induced apoptosis. Our findings show that NiO-NPs exhibit altered MMP and nuclear integrity. In this study, NiO-NPs were synthesized using T. chebula leaf extract, which has antiproliferative properties, and NiO-NPs increased cell cytotoxicity in C6 cells. Further exploration of NiO-NPs in glioblastoma animal models should be investigated.

Abstract Purpose To use data from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) Study 2019 to report the global, regional and national rates and trends of deaths incidence, prevalence, disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) for Nasopharynx cancer (NPC) in adolescents and young adults (AYAs). Methods Data from the GBD 2019 were used to analyze deaths incidence, prevalence and DALYs due to NPC at global, regional, and national levels. Joinpoint regression analysis was used to calculate the average annual percentage changes (AAPC). The association between incidence, prevalence and DALYs and socioeconomic development was analyzed using the GBD Socio-demographic Index (SDI). Finally, projections were made until 2030 and calculated in Nordpred. Results The incidence, prevalence, death and DALYs rates (95%UI) due to NPC 0.96 (0.85–1.09, 6.31 (5.54–7.20),0.20 (0.19–0.22), and 12.23(11.27–13.29) in 2019, respectively. From 1990 to 2019, the incidence and prevalence rates increased by 1.79 (95% CI 1.03 to 2.55) and 2.97(95% CI 2.13 to 3.82) respectively while the deaths and DALYs rates declined by 1.64(95%CI 1.78 to 1.49) and 1.6(95%CI 1.75 to 1.4) respectively. Deaths and DALYs rates in South Asia, East Asia, North Africa and Middle East decreased with SDI. Incidence and prevalence rates in East Asia increased with SDI. At the national level, the incidence and prevalence rates are high in China, Taiwan(China), Singapore, Malaysia, Brunel Darussalam, Algeria, Tunisia, Libya and Malta. Meanwhile, the deaths and DALYs rates are still high in Malaysia, Brunel Darussalam, Greenland and Taiwan(Province of China). The deaths and DALYs rates are low in Honduras, Finland and Norway. From the 2020 to 2030, ASIR、ASPR and ASDR in most regions are predicted to stable, but DALYs tends to decline. Conclusion NPC in AYAs is a significant global public problem. The incidence, prevalence, and DALYs rates vary widely by region and country. Therefore different regions and countries should be targeted to improve the disease burden of NPC.

Strong-textural Mg-RE alloy exhibits creep asymmetry at 200°C, with a much higher creep resistance in compression than in tension, albeit a higher yield strength in tension than in compression. Creep asymmetry is ascribed to the non-Schmid effects of pyramidal slip, which enables a higher friction in compression and thus induces a lower mobility of pyramidal slip in compression than in tension. Additionally, the dissociation of dislocations into sessile structures in compression is more frequent than in tension, which contributes to the hardening response and thus lowers the compressive creep rate.

Abstract Background It has been proposed that inflammation plays a role in the development of sarcopenia. This study aimed to investigate the links of complete blood cell count (CBC) parameters and CBC-derived inflammatory indicators with sarcopenia and mortality. Methods Data pertaining to sarcopenia were extracted from the 1999–2006 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), and mortality events were ascertained through the National Death Index up to December 31, 2019. The CBC-derived inflammatory indicators assessed in this study included the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), derived neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (dNLR), monocyte-to-lymphocyte ratio (MLR), neutrophil-monocyte to lymphocyte ratio (NMLR), systemic inflammatory response index (SIRI), and systemic immune-inflammation index (SII). The prognostic significance of these CBC-derived inflammatory indicators was evaluated using the random survival forests (RSF) analysis. Results The study encompassed a cohort of 12,689 individuals, among whom 1,725 were diagnosed with sarcopenia. Among individuals with sarcopenia, 782 experienced all-cause mortality, and 195 succumbed to cardiovascular causes. Following adjustment for confounding variables, it was observed that elevated levels of NLR, dNLR, NMLR, SIRI, and SII were associated with an increased prevalence of sarcopenia. Among participants with sarcopenia, those in the highest quartile of NLR (HR = 1.336 [1.095–1.631]), dNLR (HR = 1.274 [1.046–1.550]), MLR (HR = 1.619 [1.290–2.032]), NMLR (HR = 1.390 [1.132–1.707]), and SIRI (HR = 1.501 [1.210–1.862]) exhibited an elevated risk of all-cause mortality compared to those in the lowest quartile of these inflammation-derived indicators. These associations were similarly observed in cardiovascular mortality (HR = 1.874 [1.169–3.003] for MLR, HR = 1.838 [1.175–2.878] for SIRI). The RSF analysis indicated that MLR exhibited the highest predictive power for both all-cause and cardiovascular mortality among individuals with sarcopenia. Conclusions Our findings underscore the association between CBC-derived inflammatory indicators and mortality in adults with sarcopenia. Of note, MLR emerged as the most robust predictor of all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in this population.

This study examined the effects of hot drawing deformation on the microstructure, texture, and mechanical properties of an Mg-9.5Gd-4Y–2Zn-0.3Zr alloy. A Φ6 mm extruded alloy bar was hot drawn down to a Φ1.2 mm wire through multi-passes. The results revealed that the intergranular 18R-long period stacking ordered (LPSO) phase was gradually changed into elongated shapes distributing along the drawing direction with increasing deformation strain, while the 14H-LPSO phase precipitates in the α-Mg matrix are progressively fragmented. The average grain size in the wire first increased from 4.6 μm to 25.9 μm and then decreased to 6.7 μm, and the volume fraction of dynamic recrystallisation first decreased from 95.5% to 8.6% and then increased to 48.7%. The initial weak //ED anomalous texture gradually changed and strengthened into a //DD dual basal texture. The Φ1.2 mm wire achieved a tensile strength of 553.5 MPa, a yield strength of 473.6 MPa, and an elongation of 2.5%. Calculations indicated that the high yield strength in Φ1.2 mm wire was mainly attributed to the high content of the large aspect ratio 18R-LPSO phase, high density of low angular grain boundaries, and strong basal texture.

Abstract Uterine myomas are the most common pelvic tumors in women, which can lead to abnormal uterine bleeding, abdominal pain, pelvic compression symptoms, infertility, or adverse pregnancy. In this article, we provide a dataset named uterine myoma MRI dataset (UMD), which can be used for clinical research on uterine myoma imaging. The UMD is the largest publicly available uterine MRI dataset to date including 300 cases of uterine myoma T2-weighted imaging (T2WI) sagittal patient images and their corresponding annotation files. The UMD covers 9 types of uterine myomas classified by the International Federation of Obstetrics and Gynecology (FIGO), which were annotated and reviewed by 11 experienced doctors to ensure the authority of the annotated data. The UMD is helpful for uterine myomas classification and uterine 3D reconstruction tasks, which has important implications for clinical research on uterine myomas.

Abstract Objective Glioma, a malignant primary brain tumor, is notorious for its high incidence rate. However, the clinical application of temozolomide (TMZ) as a treatment option for glioma is often limited due to resistance, which has been linked to hypoxic glioma cell-released exosomes. In light of this, the present study aimed to investigate the role of exosomal pyruvate kinase M2 (PKM2) in glioma cells that exhibit resistance to TMZ. Methods Sensitive and TMZ-resistant glioma cells were subjected to either a normoxic or hypoxic environment, and the growth patterns and enzymatic activity of glycolysis enzymes were subsequently measured. From these cells, exosomal PKM2 was isolated and the subsequent effect on TMZ resistance was examined and characterized, with a particular focus on understanding the relevant mechanisms. Furthermore, the intercellular communication between hypoxic resistant cells and tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) via exosomal PKM2 was also assessed. Results The adverse impact of hypoxic microenvironments on TMZ resistance in glioma cells was identified and characterized. Among the three glycolysis enzymes that were examined, PKM2 was found to be a critical mediator in hypoxia-triggered TMZ resistance. Upregulation of PKM2 was found to exacerbate the hypoxia-mediated TMZ resistance. Exosomal PKM2 were identified and isolated from hypoxic TMZ-resistant glioma cells, and were found to be responsible for transmitting TMZ resistance to sensitive glioma cells. The exosomal PKM2 also contributed towards mitigating TMZ-induced apoptosis in sensitive glioma cells, while also causing intracellular ROS accumulation. Additionally, hypoxic resistant cells also released exosomal PKM2, which facilitated TMZ resistance in tumor-associated macrophages. Conclusion In the hypoxic microenvironment, glioma cells become resistant to TMZ due to the delivery of PKM2 by exosomes. Targeted modulation of exosomal PKM2 may be a promising strategy for overcoming TMZ resistance in glioma.

Introduction: Tumor-associated calcium signal transducer 2 (Trop2) has been used as a transport gate for cytotoxic agents into cells in antibody–drug conjugate designs because of its expression in a wide range of solid tumors. However, the specific role of Trop2 itself in breast cancer progression remains unclear and small molecules targeting Trop2 have not yet been reported. Objectives: To screen small molecules targeting Trop2, and to reveal its pharmacological effects and the molecular mechanisms of action. Methods: Small molecule targeting Trop2 was identified by cell membrane chromatography, and validated by cellular thermal shift assay and point mutation analyses. We investigated the pharmacological effects of Trop2 inhibitor using RNA-seq, human foreskin fibroblast (HFF)-derived extracellular matrix (ECM), Matrigel drop invasion assays, colony-forming assay, xenograft tumor model, 4T1 orthotopic metastasis model and 4T1 experimental metastasis model. The molecular mechanism was determined using immunoprecipitation, mass spectrometry, immunofluorescence, immunohistochemistry and Western blotting. Results: Here we identified Bruceine D (BD) as the inhibitor of Trop2, and demonstrated anti-metastasis effects of BD in breast cancer. Notably, Lys307 and Glu310 residues of Trop2 acted as critical sites for BD binding. Mechanistically, BD suppressed Trop2-induced cancer metastasis by blocking the formation of Trop2/β-catenin positive loop, in which the Trop2/β-catenin complex prevented β-catenin from being degraded via the ubiquitin-proteosome pathway. Destabilized β-catenin caused by BD reduced nucleus translocation, leading to the reduction of transcription of Trop2, the reversal of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) process, and the inhibition of ECM remodeling, further inhibiting cancer metastasis. Additionally, the inhibitory effects of BD on lung metastatic colonization and the beneficial effects of BD on prolongation of survival were validated in 4T1 experimental metastasis model. Conclusions: These results support the tumor-promoting role of Trop2 in breast cancer by stabilizing β-catenin in Trop2/β-catenin positive loop, and suggest Bruceine D as a promising candidate for Trop2 inhibition.

Abstract Highly performance flexible strain sensor is a crucial component for wearable devices, human‐machine interfaces, and e‐skins. However, the sensitivity of the strain sensor is highly limited by the strain range for large destruction of the conductive network. Here the quasi‐1D conductive network (QCN) is proposed for the design of an ultra‐sensitive strain sensor. The orientation of the conductive particles can effectively reduce the number of redundant percolative pathways in the conductive composites. The maximum sensitivity will reach the upper limit when the whole composite remains only “one” percolation pathway. Besides, the QCN structure can also confine the tunnel electron spread through the rigid inclusions which significantly enlarges the strain‐resistance effect along the tensile direction. The strain sensor exhibits state‐of‐art performance including large gauge factor (862227), fast response time (24 ms), good durability (cycled 1000 times), and multi‐mechanical sensing ability (compression, bending, shearing, air flow vibration, etc.). Finally, the QCN sensor can be exploited to realize the human‐machine interface (HMI) application of acoustic signal recognition (instrument calibration) and spectrum restoration (voice parsing).

The global renewable energy portfolio is experiencing a growing proportion of shipboard photovoltaic (PV) energy. Grid-connected system has become the development trend of photovoltaic power generation technology in marine applications because of its high energy utilization efficiency. However, in the grid-connected process, harmonic pollution is easily caused by time-varying marine environment disturbance, which affects the quality of grid-connected power. The current recurrent neural network Levenberg-Marquardt backpropagation (CRNN-LM-BP) method, a control methodology, is introduced in this paper to ensure the robustness, stability, and consistency of the system. In addition, the inductance-capacitance-inductance (LCL) filter is optimized using particle swarm optimization (PSO) to minimize the presence of high frequency harmonics. The system that has been developed possesses the ability to improve the accuracy of steady-state control, operate with high efficiency and effectiveness, and maintain a total harmonic distortion of 1.73 %. Concurrently, streamlining the Jacobian matrix in the LM algorithm expedites convergence. It enables the system to improve its dynamic response, minimize excess, and quickly return to a stable condition when faced with load variations, a wide range of filter parameter adjustments, and voltage fluctuations. The suggested method’s effectiveness and applicability are evaluated by comparing it to the traditional proportional-resonant control, CRNN-BP control, using Matlab/Simulink and the real-time simulator OPAL-RT5700..

The capacity of conventional overhead transmission lines (OTL) has been exceeded by the energy consumption of Cambodia's flourishing cities. Underground transmission lines (UTL) provide a unique solution due to their technical and environmental advantages. However, engineers must contend with high UTL costs and the need for effective conduit cable installation. This study presents a solution that automates the shortest route method for determining the optimal path for routing UTL power supply cables between any two substations. Multiple algorithms are evaluated to identify the most effective solution to this design's inherent shortest-path problem. Using Geographic Information System (GIS) data, potential UTL network routes in Phnom Penh, Cambodia can be investigated. The ultimate product is an automated route planning support tool that has the potential to revolutionize energy project planning by generating optimal routes for UTL. This will increase efficiency and lower costs, making UTL a more viable option for meeting the energy demands of modern infrastructure. This study contributes significantly to the field of energy infrastructure planning and has the potential to be replicated in cities around the world.

N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) is an organic solvent with stable chemical properties and high boiling point. Based on its good solubility, DMF is widely used in synthetic textile, leather, electronics, pharmaceutical and pesticide industries. However, the DMF pollutes the environment and does harm to human liver function, kidney function, and nerve function. Herein, an efficient DMF-degrading strain, DM175A1-1, was isolated and identified as Paracoccus sulfuroxidans. This strain can use DMF as the sole source of carbon and nitrogen. Whole-genome sequencing of strain DM175A1-1 revealed that it has a 3.99-Mbp chromosome a 120-kbp plasmid1 and a 40-kbp plasmid2. The chromosome specifically harbors the dmfA1 and dmfA2 essential for the initial steps of DMF degradation. And it also carries the some part of genes facilitating subsequent methylotrophic metabolism and glutathione-dependent pathway. Through further DMF tolerance degradation experiments, DM175A1-1 can tolerate DMF concentrations up to 10,000 mg/L, whereas the majority of Paracoccus strains could only show degradation activity below 1,000 mg/L. And the efficiency of organic nitrogen conversion to NH3-N in DMF can reach 99.0% when the hydraulic retention time (HRT) is controlled at 5 days. Meanwhile, it showed a significant degradation effect at a pharmaceutical enterprise in Zhejiang Province with high concentration of DMF wastewater. This study provides a new strain Paracoccus sulfuroxidans DM175A1-1 which shows a significant influence on DMF degradation, and reveals the characterization on its DMF degradation. It lays the foundation for the application of biological method in the efficient degradation of DMF in industrial wastewater.

Background color is a crucial factor influencing the growth performance and feed utilization in crustaceans. However, little is known about its impacts on the culture performance of Chinese mitten crab (Eriocheir sinensis). In this study, we examined the impacts of six different background colors (white-W, black-BK, green-G, red-R, yellow-Y, and blue-BL) on growth, inter-molt period, and coloration and total carotenoids content of carapace of juvenile E. sinensis. The culture experiment comprised two trials: a 68-day individual culture, and a 30-day group culture. Individual culture results: No significant effects of background color were found on weight gain rate (WGR), specific growth rate (SGR), molting interval, carapace length and width, and survival rate (SR) of the juvenile crabs (P > 0.05). However, during the second molting cycle, the BL group exhibited the highest WGR, and the G group showed the lowest hepatopancreas index (HSI). Meanwhile, markedly lower feed conversion ratio (FCR) was obtained for the W group compared to the G and BK groups. Group culture results: Significantly higher SR was recorded for the BK group, and the highest limb loss rate was detected for Y group indicating the significant effects of background color on survival and aggressiveness of juvenile E. sinensis. Moreover, background color impacted the carapace coloration indices where the W, BK and Y groups showed the highest brightness (L*), redness (a*), and yellowness (b*) values, respectively. Furthermore, correlation analysis revealed a positive linear relationship between the L* value and background color (y =0.1638x+27.961, R2=0.613). In conclusion, our results demonstrated that background color significantly affects culture performance and carapace color. Black background color was shown to enhance the survival rate and reduce the limb amputation rate under group culture condition. These results provide new insights on the optimization of farming technology for juvenile E. sinensis.

BackgroundThe mechanism and impact of Hashimoto’s disease (HT) in patients with papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) remains a subject of ongoing debate. The optimal extent of thyroid resection is also controversial in cases of low-risk PTC.ObjectiveTo investigate the clinical outcomes and prognoses associated with different extents of surgical resection in patients diagnosed with PTC coexisting with HT.MethodsWe retrospectively analyzed data on the clinical features and treatment outcomes of patients with PTC concomitant with HT who underwent lobectomy with isthmusectomy and those who underwent total thyroidectomy at Peking University International Hospital between December 2014 and August 2023.ResultsTwenty-one patients in group A underwent lobectomy with isthmusectomy and prophylactic central neck dissection, whereas twenty patients in group B underwent total thyroidectomy with prophylactic central lymph node (LN) dissection, except one who did not undergo LN dissection. Group A demonstrated shorter surgery time (105.75 min ± 29.35 vs. 158.81 min ± 42.01, p = 0.000), higher parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels on postoperative day 1 [26.96 pg/ml (20.25, 35.45) vs. 9.01 pg/ml (2.48, 10.93), p = 0.000] and a shorter postoperative hospital stay [2.95 d (2.0, 4.0) vs. 4.02 d (3.0, 5.0), p = 0.008] than those of group B, with statistically significant differences. Both groups exhibited similar recovery patterns in terms of PTH [32.10 pg/ml (22.05, 46.50) vs. 20.47 pg/ml (9.43, 34.03), p = 0.192] and serum calcium (2.37 mmol/L ± 0.06 vs. 2.29 mmol/L ± 0.19, p = 0.409) after 1 montsh following the surgery. According to the Kaplan-Meier curves, no significant difference in the 5-year disease-free survival rates were observed between patients in group A (100%) and group B (97.1%) (Log rank test: p = 0.420, Breslow test: p = 0.420).ConclusionLobectomy with isthmusectomy and prophylactic central neck dissection is a safe and feasible treatment option for patients with low-risk PTC coexisting with HT.Clinical trial registrationhttp://www.chictr.org.cn, identifier ChiCTR2300079115.

Humic electron mediators can facilitate the reductive dehalogenation of organohalogenated compounds by accelerating electron transfer. To investigate the effect of humic electron mediators on the microbial anaerobic reductive dechlorination of Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), three types of humic electron mediators, humin (HM), humic acid (HA), and anthraquinone-2,6-disulfonic acid (AQDS, HA analogs), were added to PCB dechlorination cultures enriched from different sources in terrestrial and marine environments (T and M cultures). The results showed that meta- and para-site dechlorination occurred in the M culture, while only meta-site dechlorination occurred in the T culture. The dechlorination process N and the dechlorination process H or H′ are presented in both cultures. HM enhanced PCB dechlorination metabolic activity in both cultures mainly by promoting meta-site dechlorination. HA showed a weak promoting effect on the M culture by promoting para-chlorine removal but inhibited the dechlorination metabolism of the terrestrial-origin culture, inhibiting meta-chlorine removal. AQDS showed inhibitory effects on both cultures by inhibiting the microbial removal of meta-chlorine. High-throughput sequencing and qPCR results suggest that HM is not a carbon source for the potential dechlorinating metabolism of Dehalococcoides but may promote reductive dechlorination by changing the community structure, and AQDS may inhibit anaerobic reductive dechlorination of PCBs by inhibiting the growth of Dehalococcoides. This study provides insights into the mechanism of enhancing PCB microbial dechlorination mediated by humic substances and plays a significant role in extending the application prospects of PCBs bioremediation technology.

Abstract Aqueous zinc‐ion batteries (AZIBs) are highly promising for grid‐scale energy storage due to their high‐safety and low‐cost characteristics. Nevertheless, the progress in AZIBs has been impeded due to challenges encompassing corrosion, hydrogen evolution reaction, and the formation of dendrites on Zn anodes. These issues arise from the decomposition of active water molecules in the Zn2+ solvation structure in the electrolyte. Various strategies have been proposed to regulate the electrode/electrolyte interface to effectively address these problems. In spite of remarkable headway, an inadequacy of comprehensive studies addressing the mechanisms and evolutionary dynamics of the electrode/electrolyte interface is evident within scientific literature. This overview aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the strategies for regulating the electrode/electrolyte interface, focusing on dendrite‐free and side reactions‐suppressed AZIBs. These strategies include the introduction of metal ion additives, inorganic additives, surfactant additives, polymer additives and organic additives. Furthermore, a detailed examination is made on the effects and underlying mechanisms associated with modifying the electrolyte at the interface between the electrode and electrolyte. Moreover, an appraisal is provided on the performance metrics of diverse strategies and prospective research directions are recommended as well.

Abstract Depending on the source of the blastophore, there are various subtypes of laryngeal cancer, each with a unique metastatic risk and prognosis. The forecasting of their prognosis is a pressing issue that needs to be resolved. This study comprised 5953 patients with glottic carcinoma and 4465 individuals with non-glottic type (supraglottic and subglottic). Five clinicopathological characteristics of glottic and non-glottic carcinoma were screened using univariate and multivariate regression for CoxPH (Cox proportional hazards); for other models, 10 (glottic) and 11 (non-glottic) clinicopathological characteristics were selected using least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression analysis, respectively; the corresponding survival models were established; and the best model was evaluated. We discovered that RSF (Random survival forest) was a superior model for both glottic and non-glottic carcinoma, with a projected concordance index (C-index) of 0.687 for glottic and 0.657 for non-glottic, respectively. The integrated Brier score (IBS) of their 1-year, 3-year, and 5-year time points is, respectively, 0.116, 0.182, 0.195 (glottic), and 0.130, 0.215, 0.220 (non-glottic), demonstrating the model's effective correction. We represented significant variables in a Shapley Additive Explanations (SHAP) plot. The two models are then combined to predict the prognosis for two distinct individuals, which has some effectiveness in predicting prognosis. For our investigation, we established separate models for glottic carcinoma and non-glottic carcinoma that were most effective at predicting survival. RSF is used to evaluate both glottic and non-glottic cancer, and it has a considerable impact on patient prognosis and risk factor prediction.

Abstract Ischemic stroke produces the highest adult disability. Despite successful recanalization, no-reflow, or the futile restoration of the cerebral perfusion after ischemia, is a major cause of brain lesion expansion. However, the vascular mechanism underlying this hypoperfusion is largely unknown, and no approach is available to actively promote optimal reperfusion to treat no-reflow. Here, by combining two-photon laser scanning microscopy (2PLSM) and a mouse middle cerebral arteriolar occlusion (MCAO) model, we find myogenic vasomotion deficits correlated with post-ischemic cerebral circulation interruptions and no-reflow. Transient occlusion-induced transient loss of mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm) permanently impairs mitochondria-endoplasmic reticulum (ER) contacts and abolish Ca2+ oscillation in smooth muscle cells (SMCs), the driving force of myogenic spontaneous vasomotion. Furthermore, tethering mitochondria and ER by specific overexpression of ME-Linker in SMCs restores cytosolic Ca2+ homeostasis, remotivates myogenic spontaneous vasomotion, achieves optimal reperfusion, and ameliorates neurological injury. Collectively, the maintaining of arteriolar myogenic vasomotion and mitochondria-ER contacts in SMCs, are of critical importance in preventing post-ischemic no-reflow.

Abstract ABC (ATP-binding cassette) transporter proteins are one of the most extensive protein families known to date and are ubiquitously found in animals, plants, and microorganisms. ABCs have a variety of functions, such as plant tissue development regulation, hormone transport, and biotic and abiotic stress resistance. However, the gene characterization and function of the ABC gene family in almond (Prunus dulcis) have not been thoroughly studied. In this study, we identified 117 PdABC genes using the whole genome of ‘Wanfeng’ almond obtained by sequencing and explored their protein characterization. The PdABC family members were classified into eight subfamilies. The members of the same subfamily had conserved motifs but poorly conserved numbers of exons and introns and were unevenly distributed among the eight subfamilies and on the eight chromosomes. Expression patterns showed that PdABC family members were significantly differentially expressed during almond development, dormant freezing stress, and salt stress. We found that PdABC59 and PdABC77 had extremely high expression levels in pollen. PdABC63 and PdABC64 had high expression levels during almond petal development and multiple stages of flower development. PdABC98 was highly expressed in annual dormant branches after six temperature-freezing stress treatments. PdABC29, PdABC69, and PdABC98 were highly expressed under different concentrations of salt stress. This study preliminarily investigated the expression characteristics of ABC genes in different tissues of almond during flower development, freezing stress and salt stress, and the results will provide a reference for further in-depth research and breeding of almond in the future.

Traditional low-alloyed Mg–Al–Ca–Mn extrusion alloys always show a low strength and a high tension-compression yield asymmetry. In the present work, Mg–1Al–1Ca–0.2Mn (AXM1102, wt.%) alloys were extruded at 150–350 °C to produce different grain structure and mechanical properties. It is shown that AXM1102-150 (extruded at 150 °C) sample exhibits superhigh strength in both tension and compression, which exhibited a yield strength (YS) of 428 MPa in tension and 416 MPa in compression. Namely, ultrahigh strength and low tension-compression yield asymmetry were both obtained. The ultrahigh strength was found to be ascribed to the ultra-fine dynamically recrystallized (DRXed) grains (0.47 μm) together with grain boundary co-segregation of Ca and Al atoms. Submicron DRXed grains accounts for the improved tension-compression yield asymmetry through suppressing {10-12} twining during compression. Additionally, the discontinuous yielding was detected during tension of AXM1102-150 alloy, which is potentially related with the high energy barrier required for dislocation emission caused by grain boundary co-segregation of Al and Ca atoms. Once the tensile stress reaches the peak value, the mobile dislocation density increases immediately, thus the tensile stress-strain behavior of the AXM1102-150 alloy is dominated by strain softening. The results indicate that low-alloyed Mg–Al–Ca–Mn alloys demonstrate tremendous potential as next generation ultrahigh-strength and low tension-compression yield asymmetry wrought Mg alloys.