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Objectives To investigate the long-term efficacy of ultrasound-guided high-intensity focused ultrasound (USgHIFU) for multiple uterine fibroids and the factors associated with recurrence.Materials and methods Five hundred and forty-nine patients with multiple uterine fibroids treated with USgHIFU from June 2017 to June 2019 were retrospectively analyzed. The Pictorial Blood Loss Assessment Chart (PBAC) was used to assess menstrual blood loss. The patients were asked to undergo pre- and post-USgHIFU magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and complete routine follow-up after USgHIFU. Cox regression analysis was used to investigate the risk factors associated with recurrence.Results The median number of fibroids per patient was 3 (interquartile range: 3–4), and a total of 1371 fibroids were treated. Among them, 446 patients completed 3 years follow-up. Recurrence, defined as PBAC score above or equal to 100 and/or the residual fibroid volume increased by 10%, was detected in 90 patients within 3 years after USgHIFU, with a cumulative recurrence rate of 20.2% (90/446). The multi-factor Cox analysis showed that age was a protective factor for recurrence. Younger patients have a greater chance of recurrence than older patients. Mixed hyperintensity of fibroids on T2WI and treatment intensity were risk factors for recurrence. Patients with hyperintense uterine fibroids and treated with lower treatment intensity were more likely to experience recurrence than other patients after USgHIFU. No major adverse effects occurred.Conclusions USgHIFU can be used to treat multiple uterine fibroids safely and effectively. The age, T2WI signal intensity and treatment intensity are factors related to recurrence.

Abstract Additive manufacturing provides an efficient way of producing metallic components with complex geometries. Their microstructure is substantially different to those from conventional processing, creating opportunities for manipulating the final microstructure and properties via heat treatment. Here, we demonstrate that as-built heterostructures in an Al-Zn-Mg-Cu-Nb alloy produced during the solidification of molten pools provide a driving force and additional Zener pinning sources for recrystallization. This creates a bimodal grain structure after solution treatment, causing additional hetero-deformation-induced strengthening and hardening. Coarse grains are found to promote work hardening and blunt the propagate of cracks during deformation, increasing ductility. Together with precipitation strengthening from a high number density nanoprecipitates, the simultaneous improvement of strength and ductility in a highly alloyed Al-Zn-Mg-Cu-Nb alloy is achieved. These results provide a simple strategy for the development of additively manufactured age-hardening alloys with improved strength and ductility for high performance structural applications.

Abstract 3D orthogonal woven composites are receiving increasing attention with the ever-growing market of composites. A current challenge for these materials’ development is how to improve their damage tolerance in orthogonal and layer-to-layer structures under extreme loads. In this paper, a damage reduction strategy is proposed by combining structural and electromagnetic properties. An integrated experimental platform is designed combining a power system, a drop-testing machine, and data acquisition devices to investigate the effects of pulse current and impact force on woven composites. Experimental results demonstrate that pulse current can effectively reduce delamination damage and residual deformation. A multi-field coupled damage model is developed to analyze the evolutions of temperature, current and damage. Parallel current-carrying carbon fibers that cause yarns to be transversely compressed enhance the mechanical properties. Moreover, the microcrack formation and extrusion deformation in yarns cause the redistribution of local current among carbon fibers, and its interaction with the self-field produces an obvious anti-impact effect. The obtained results reveal the mechanism of damage reduction and provide a potential approach for improving damage tolerance of these composites.

In this work, the effect of Zn content on the formability and aging precipitation of Al–Zn–Mg–Cu–Nb alloys prepared by laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) were investigated via experiments and in-depth characterization. Results show that the increase in Zn content narrows the LPBF processing window, owing to the significant evaporation of Zn element during LPBF. The increase of Zn content not only accelerates the aging kinetics of Al–Zn–Mg–Cu–Nb alloys, but also increases the number density of nanoprecipitates and reduces the PFZ width, resulting in an enhancement in the peak microhardness. The microstructure evolution and aging behavior of alloys during direct aging (DA) and traditional solution treatment and aging (STA) were compared. DA can maintain fine equiaxed grains, while a bimodal grain structure with coarse and fine grains can be obtained after STA. The peak microhardness and the number density of nanoprecipitates in alloys treated with STA is higher than that of alloys treated with DA, which indicates that the traditional STA heat treatment is still applicable to Al–Zn–Mg–Cu–Nb alloys fabricated by LPBF.

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a leading cause of severe lower respiratory tract disease of infants and older people. There is an urgent need for safe and effective vaccines against RSV infection. In this study, we analyzed the effects of the immune response and protection with the RSV recombinant G protein extracellular domain (Gecto) combined with various adjuvants as novel subunit vaccines in mice. All groups receiving RSV Gecto combined with adjuvants exhibited robust humoral and cellular immunity compared to those receiving an adjuvant alone or inactivated RSV vaccine. The greatest effect was observed in mice receiving Gecto combined with a CpG ODN + Alum salt adjuvant, resulting in the highest production of neutralizing antibodies against both RSV A and B subtypes, G-specific IgG and IFN-γ production in splenocytes, and interleukin-2 and interferon-γ expression in CD4+ T cells. Significant humoral and cellular immune responses were observed in mice immunized with Gecto combined with AddaS03™ or cyclosporin A adjuvants. The vaccine containing the AddaS03™ adjuvant showed significantly high expression of interleukin-4 in CD4+ T cells. Cross-protection against a challenge with either RSV A or B subtypes was observed in the Gecto plus adjuvant groups, resulting in a significant decrease in viral load and reduced pathological damage in the mouse lungs. These findings offer valuable insights into the development and application of recombinant RSV G-subunit vaccines with adjuvants.

Abstract Background Ovarian cancer (OC) is a major cause of cancer-related deaths among women. The aim of this study was to estimate and report data on the current burden of ovarian cancer worldwide over the past 30 years. Method Based on the data provided by GBD 2019, we collected and interpreted the disease data of ovarian cancer by incidence, mortality, disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs), and used corresponding age-standardized rates as indicators. Also, we categorized the data by attributed risk factors and captured deaths due to high fasting plasma glucose, occupational exposure to asbestos and high body-mass index, respectively. All outcomes in the study were reported using mean values and corresponding 95% uncertainty intervals (95% UI). Results Globally, there were 294422 (260649 to 329727) incident cases in 2019, and the number of deaths and DALYs were 198412 (175357 to 217665) and 5.36 million (4.69 to 5.95). The overall burden was on the rise, with a percentage change of 107.8% (76.1 to 135.7%) for new cases, 103.8% (75.7 to 126.4%) for deaths and 96.1% (65.0 to 120.5%) for DALYs. Whereas the age-standardized rates kept stable during 1990–2019. The burden of ovarian cancer increased with age. and showed a totally different trends among SDI regions. Although high SDI region had the declining rates, the burden of ovarian cancer remained stable in high-middle and low SDI regions, and the middle and low-middle SDI areas showed increasing trends. High fasting plasma glucose was estimated to be the most important attributable risk factor for ovarian cancer deaths globally, with a percentage change of deaths of 7.9% (1.6 to 18.3%), followed by occupational exposure to asbestos and high body mass index. Conclusions Although the age-standardized rates of ovarian cancer didn’t significantly change at the global level, the burden still increased, especially in areas on the lower end of the SDI range. Also, the disease burden due to different attributable risk factors showed heterogeneous, and it became more severe with age.

Long-lasting zinc metal electrodes are crucial in developing commercial zinc-based batteries. Here, the authors investigate the different morphology evolution between the stripping and plating process and propose electrochemical protocols to prolong the lifespan of zinc anodes.

To investigate the effect of pesticide use on surface water, the concentration and distribution characteristics of 57 pesticides and 3 degradation products were analyzed in the farmland soil and surface water in the Xingkai Lake area, including water from paddy fields, drainages and the Xingkai Lake, in Heilongjiang Province, China. Forty-three pesticides and three degradation products were detected in farmland soil. In dry field (corn and soybean field) soil, the main detected pesticides were atrazine and acetochlor with mean concentrations of 26.09 ng·g−1 and 49.08 ng·g−1, respectively. In paddy field soil, oxadiazon, mefenacet and chlorpyrifos were the main detected pesticides with mean concentrations of 14.32 ng·g−1, 78.60 ng·g−1 and 20.03 ng·g−1, respectively. In the surrounding water, including water from paddy fields, drainages and Xingkai Lake, the total concentrations of contaminants detected in the water samples ranged from 71.19 ng·L−1 to 10,145.76 ng·L−1. Of the three sampling periods, the mean concentration of contaminants in the water exhibited its peak during the vegetative period. In the analysis of the drainage water, the primary pesticides detected were atrazine, acetochlor and buprofezin with mean concentrations of 354.83 ng·L−1, 109.09 ng·L−1 and 254.56 ng·L−1, respectively. Atrazine, simetryn, buprofezin and isoprothiolane were the main pesticides detected in Xingkai Lake water, with the mean concentrations of 222.35 ng·L−1, 112.76 ng·L−1, 301.87 ng·L−1 and 138.02 ng·L−1, respectively. The concentrations of contaminants could be correlated with drainage, Da Xingkai Lake and Xiao Xingkai Lake water (ρ > 0.8) suggested that the source of these contaminants in drainage and Xingkai Lake water could be the same. The maximum potentially affected fraction (PAF) values of atrazine, chlorpyrifos and prometryn were higher than 5% in Xingkai Lake water, resulting in high ecological risks.

The performances of rechargeable batteries are detrimentally affected by low temperatures (e.g., < 0 °C). Here, the authors report a few-layer Bi2Se3 material capable of improving battery cycling performances when operational temperatures are shifted from +25 °C to −20 °C.

Imbalanced datasets are pervasive in classification tasks and would cause degradation of the performance of classifiers in predicting minority samples. Oversampling is effective in resolving the class imbalance problem. However, existing oversampling methods generally introduce noise examples into original datasets, especially when the datasets contain class overlapping regions. In this study, a new oversampling method named Constrained Oversampling is proposed to reduce noise generation in oversampling. This algorithm first extracts overlapping regions in the dataset. Then Ant Colony Optimization is applied to define the boundaries of minority regions. Third, oversampling under constraints is employed to synthesize new samples to get a balanced dataset. Our proposal distinguishes itself from other techniques by incorporating constraints in the oversampling process to inhibit noise generation. Experiments show that it outperforms various benchmark oversampling approaches. The explanation for the effectiveness of our method is given by studying the impact of class overlapping on imbalanced learning.

Metamaterials, typically consisting of sub-wavelength metal-atom arrays and a dielectric layer matrix such as glass fiber reinforced epoxy resin (FR-4), have been widely used in the field of stealth equipment due to their good electromagnetic parameter designability and strong absorption for electromagnetic waves at specific frequencies. In offensive and defensive confrontations, laser weapons pose a serious threat to the survival of stealth equipment. However, the interaction mechanism between the metamaterials and laser and the effect of laser ablation on microwave absorption performance are still unclear. In this work, we firstly irradiated the double arc-shaped Cu-atom array/FR-4 matrix metamaterials by using a high-energy continuous-wave laser and studied the interaction and response mechanism between them. The high temperature caused by laser irradiation leads to the melting of the metal atoms and the pyrolysis of the resin matrix. By simulating and testing the reflection loss of the metamaterials before and after irradiation, we found that the resin pyrolysis products strongly affect the impedance matching characteristics and reduce the microwave absorption properties significantly in extreme cases. Our findings help deeply understand the interaction between the metamaterials and the laser and will show guidance in the applications involving laser-metamaterial interactions.

Current COVID-19 vaccines can effectively reduce disease severity and hospitalisation; however, they are not considerably effective in preventing infection and transmission. In this context, mucosal vaccines are pertinent to prevent SARS-CoV-2 infection and spread. In this study, we generated a replication-competent recombinant chimeric influenza A virus (IAV) expressing the receptor-binding domain (RBD) of a SARS-CoV-2 prototype in the C-terminus of the neuraminidase (NA) of A/Puerto Rico/08/1934 H1N1 (PR8). The remaining seven segments from A/WSN/1933 H1N1 (WSN) were named PR8NARBD/WSN. We observed that the recombinant virus with the WSN backbone demonstrated improved expression of NA and RBD. A single intranasal dose of PR8NARBD/WSN(103PFU) in mice generated robust mucosal immunity, neutralising antibodies, cellular immunity, and tissue-resident memory T cells specific to SARS-CoV-2 and IAV. Importantly, immunisation with PR8NARBD/WSN viruses effectively protected mice against lethal challenges with H1N1, H3N2 IAV, and SARS-CoV-2 Beta variant and significantly reduced lung viral loads. Overall, our research demonstrates the promising potential of PR8NARBD/WSN as an attractive vaccine against emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants and influenza A virus infections.

In aquatic systems, sediment is both a sink for persistent organic pollutants (POPs) and a potential source of POPs release. Consequently, it is important to understand the pollution characteristics and sources of polychlorinated naphthalenes (PCNs) as POPs of Stockholm Convention in sediment for control of the ecological risk. Atmospheric deposition is a potential source of PCNs in sediment. However, there is no clear report on the contribution of atmospheric deposition to PCNs in sediments. In this study, the Chaobai River in China was selected because it is an important drinking water source that is not affected by wastewater discharge. Surface sediments from the river were analyzed for 75 PCN congeners by using high resolution gas chromatography combined with high resolution mass spectrometry. The total PCNs concentration ranged from 54 to 2266 (mean: 402) pg/g. The toxic equivalent quantity of 19 PCNs in surface sediments was 9.69 × 10−2, and CN73, CN66/CN67, and CN63 had the largest contributions to this value. Dichlorinated and trichlorinated naphthalenes were the dominant homologs. The PCN data from the sediment samples in this study were combined with data for PCNs in ambient air from a literature, which has a good match with this study in both temporal and spatial scales. The contribution of atmospheric deposition to PCNs in the surface sediment was evaluated by comparing congener characteristics and correlation analysis. Our study indicated atmospheric transportation and deposition are important pathways for transport of PCNs into surface sediments.

In this study, a novel protein designated MC-2 was isolated from Momordica charantia L., and the positively regulates lipid metabolism activity was detected by the bile acid binding activity test. Then, the amino acid composition of MC-2 was analyzed, and the total content of Asp, Glu, and Lys is up to 38.96 g/100 g in MC-2. Furtherly, its lipid metabolism activity were explored. In vitro, MC-2 ameliorated FFA-induced HepG2 steatosis phenotypes and intracellular triglycerides level with the promotion of bile acids secretion. In vivo, MC-2 was able to protect rats against NAFLD-induced in response to a high-fat diet through a manner associated with the regulation of inflammatory cytokines and oxidative stress-related factors. The hepatoprotective activity of MC-2 was closely tied to improvements CPT1A, FATP2, ACSL1, and PPAR-α expressions. Together, these data highlight the promise of MC-2 (rich in Asp, Glu, and Lys) as a candidate functional food ingredient.

With the continuous increase in power demand in aerospace, shipping, electricity, and other industries, a series of manufacturing requirements such as high precision, complex structure, and thin wall have been put forward for gas turbines. Gas turbine blades are the key parts of the gas turbine. Their manufacturing accuracy directly affects the fuel economy of the gas turbine. Thus, how to improve the manufacturing accuracy of gas turbine blades has always been a hot research topic. In this study, we perform a quantitative study on the correlation between process parameters and the overall wax pattern shrinkage of gas turbine blades in the wax injection process. A prediction model based on a generalized regression neural network (GRNN) is developed with the newly defined cross-sectional features consisting of area, area ratio, and some discrete point deviations. In the qualitative analysis of the cross-sectional features, it is concluded that the highest accuracy of the wax pattern is obtained for the fourth group of experiments, which corresponds to a holding pressure of 18 bars, a holding time of 180 s, and an injection temperature of 62 °C. The prediction model is trained and tested based on small experimental data, resulting in an average RE of 1.5% for the area, an average RE of 0.58% for the area ratio, and a maximum MSE of less than 0.06 mm2 for discrete point deviations. Experiments show that the GRNN prediction model constructed in this study is relatively accurate, which means that the shrinkage of the remaining major investment casting procedures can also be modeled and controlled separately to obtain turbine blades with higher accuracy.

Obtaining stable aqueous K-ion capacitors is still challenging due to the cathode materials tended to structurally collapse after long-term cycling during large-radius K-ion insertion/extraction. In this work, three different typical MXene electrodes, i.e., Nb2C, Ti2C, and Ti3C2 were individually investigated upon their electrochemical behaviors for potassium-ion (K-ion) storage. All these MXene materials exhibited pseudocapacitive-dominated behaviors, fast kinetics, and durable K-ion storage, delivering superior performance compared with other K-ion host materials. According to the experimental results, it could be ascribed to the intrinsically large interlayer distance for K-ion transport and the superb structural stability of MXene even subjected to long-term potassiation/depotassiation process.

Objective To compare the safety and efficacy of high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) followed by hysteroscopic resection for different placenta accreta spectrum disorders. Materials and methods Thirty-four patients with placenta accreta, placenta increta, or placenta percreta were treated with USgHIFU from January 2016 to December 2019 and were retrospectively reviewed. The patients were classified into three categories according to the relationship between the trophoblastic villi and the myometrium, based on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Fifteen patients were classified as placenta accreta, 17 patients were classified as placenta increta, and 2 were classified as placenta percreta. All patients completed follow-up. Treatment efficacy and safety were evaluated. Results No significant differences in baseline characteristics and results of HIFU ablation were observed between the patients with placenta accreta and those with placenta increta. The return of HCG levels to normal was longer in patients with placenta accreta compared with patients with placenta increta, while no significant difference was observed in the amount of intraoperative blood loss, the return of normal menstruation and the length of hospital stay. Conclusions HIFU treatment followed by hysteroscopic resection is safe and effective in the treatment of patients with placenta accreta and placenta increta.

Thermally stable nano-size ceramic particles are the preferred reinforcements for superalloys as they improve the alloys' microstructural stability and high-temperature properties. In this work, very dense and crack-free carbide-reinforced GTD222 (nickel-based superalloy) composites were prepared via selective laser melting (SLM). The distribution of TiC nanoparticles presents a three-dimensional (3D) network structure in the SLMed TiC/GTD222 composite. Mechanical testing revealed that the SLMed TiC/GTD222 composite has superior strength (UTS = 1320 MPa, YS = 1100 MPa) compared to the SLMed GTD222 superalloy. The GTD22 alloy reinforced with carbide nanoparticles’ distinctive microstructure and its excellent mechanical properties for is discussed.

To characterize the fracture behaviors of the selective laser melting (SLM) processed GTD222 superalloy, in-situ scanning electron microscopy (SEM) observation was conducted during 760 °C tensile deformation. The results showed that the microcracks were mainly nucleated at the grain boundary and then propagating into the grain interior.

A combined numerical-experiment investigation on the flow and acoustic field of an electronic expansion valve (EEV) is conducted in this paper. In an electronic expansion valve (EEV) under refrigeration condition, it is usually complex about internal flow. There are high pressure gradient and velocity gradient in the flow field, and it also involves the process of flashing phase change, physical property change, and heat transfer, which is difficult to simulate directly. After many explorations in this paper, the flow field of EEV under refrigeration condition is simulated by a four-step computational fluid dynamics (CFD). On this basis, the noise of EEV which is induced by the internal turbulent flow and propagates outward through the shell of EEV is simulated by a Hybrid Method. Numerical simulations of the mass flow rate (MFR) and sound pressure level (SPL) are verified by experimental data. Then, the characteristics of the internal flow field causing the external acoustic radiation are analyzed and used to create an improved design that can reduce the SPL while the MFR hardly changes.

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the associations between dietary one-carbon metabolism-related nutrients (betaine, choline, methionine, folate, vitamin B6, and vitamin B12) and fluorosis among the Chinese population in an area known for coal-burning fluorosis.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted, with 653 fluorosis patients and 241 non-fluorosis participants. Dietary intake was acquired using a validated semi-quantitative 75-item food frequency questionnaire. The risk associations were assessed by unconditional logistical regression.Results: We observed a significant inverse association between dietary betaine, total choline, methionine, folate, vitamin B6, and choline species and fluorosis. The adjusted OR (95% CI) in the highest quartile of consumption compared with the lowest were 0.59 (0.37–0.94) (P-trend = 0.010) for betaine intake, 0.45 (0.28–0.73) (P-trend = 0.001) for total choline intake, 0.45 (0.28–0.72) (P-trend < 0.001) for methionine intake, 0.39 (0.24–0.63) (P-trend < 0.001) for folate intake, 0.38 (0.24–0.62) (P-trend < 0.001) for vitamin B6 intake, and 0.46 (0.28–0.75) (P-trend = 0.001) for total choline plus betaine intake. Dietary intakes of choline-containing compounds, phosphatidylcholine, free choline, glycerophosphocholine, and phosphocholine were also inversely associated with lower fluorosis (all P-trend < 0.05). No significant associations were observed between dietary vitamin B12 or sphingomyelin and fluorosis.Conclusion: The present study suggested that the higher dietary intakes of specific one-carbon metabolism-related nutrients, such as betaine, choline, methionine, folate, and vitamin B6, are associated with lower fluorosis prevalence.

Background: Norovirus (NoV) is recognized as a leading global cause of viral acute gastroenteritis (AGE). To better understand the prevalence and genotypic patterns of NoV infection in Southeast China, we conducted a retrospective study of diarrheal syndrome surveillance of NoV and analyzed the epidemiological characteristics of AGE cases and phylogenetic evolution of NoV strains. Methods: 1464 AGE patients in two diarrhea surveillance sentinel hospitals were sampled during 2016 and 2017. NoV Positive samples were genotyped by ORF1/ORF2 overlapping regional gene sequencing. Sequences analyses of the NoV genotypes were confirmed by online NoV Genotyping Tool and the phylogenetic analysis was constructed by MEGA 7.0. Results: 139 (9.49%) of the AGE specimens were NoV positive. The GII strain was the main geno-group in NoV infected patients. At least 12 NoV genotypes and seven recombinant strains were detected. Major NoV genotypic transformations were GII.Pe/GII.4, GII.P17/GII.17 and GII.Pe/GII.17 in 2016 to GII.P16/GII.2, GII.P17/GII.17 and GII.Pe/GII.4 in 2017. Phylogenetic analysis showed that GII.P16/GII.2 recombinant strains clustered with those detected in the USA, Russia and Japan in 2016. Conclusion: We characterized the molecular epidemiology of NoV infection in AGE patients during 2016–2017. The main three NoV GII genotypes circulating in the population of Taizhou were GII.P17/GII.17, GII.Pe/GII.4 and GII.P16/GII.2.The GII.P16/GII.2 genotype has become the predominant strain since first quarter 2017. Monitoring of the NoV genotypic shift is important for the prevention and control of AGE. Keywords: Molecular epidemiology, Norovirus, Acute gastroenteritis, Genotype

Cloud occlusion is an important factor affecting flight safety and scientific observation. The calculation of Cloud Occlusion Probability (COP) is significant for the planning of the flight time and route of aircraft. Based on Himawari-8 and CloudSat satellite data, we propose a method to calculate the COP. The COP statistics were carried out on different distances in 12 directions 6 km above Beijing Capital International Airport (BCIA), at different heights and directions in the Haiyang aerostat production base, and at different times and seasons in Mount Qomolangma. It was found that the COP going in the southern direction from BCIA was greater than that in the northern direction by 0.67–3.12%, which is consistent with the climate conditions of Beijing. In Haiyang, the COP for several seasons in the direction of land was higher than in the direction of the ocean. The maximum COP for the 6 km altitude is 29.63% (summer) and the minimum COP is 7.59% (winter). The aerostat flight test can be conducted in the morning of winter and the direction of the ocean. The best scientific observation time for Mount Qomolangma is between 02:00 and 05:00 UTC in spring. With the increase in altitude, the COP gradually decreases. The research in this paper provides essential support for flight planning.

Chang’E-3 is China’s first soft landing mission on an extraterrestrial celestial body. The laser Three-Dimensional Imaging (TDI) sensor is one of the key payloads of the Chang’E-3 lander. Its main task is to provide accurate 3D lunar surface information of the target landing area in real time for the selection of safe landing sites. Here, a simplified positioning model was constructed, to meet the accuracy and processing timeline requirements of the TDI sensor of Chang’E-3. By analyzing the influence of TDI intrinsic parameters, a permanent outdoor calibration field based on flat plates was specially designed and constructed, and a robust solution of the geometric calibration adjustment was realized by introducing virtual observation equations for unknowns. The geometric calibration and its absolute and relative positioning accuracy verification were carried out using multi-measurement and multi-angle imaging data. The results show that the error of TDI intrinsic parameters will produce a false obstacle with a maximum height of about 1.4 m on the plane, which will cause the obstacle avoidance system of Chang’E-3 to fail to find a suitable landing area or find a false flat area. Furthermore, the intrinsic parameters of the TDI have good stability and the accuracy of the reconstructed three-dimensional surface can reach about 4 cm after error calibration, which provides a reliable terrain guarantee for the autonomous obstacle avoidance of the Chang’E-3 lander.

Abstract While traditional three‐layer structure supercapacitors are under mechanical manipulations, the high‐stress region concentrates, inevitably causing persistent structural problems including interlayer slippage, crease formation, and delamination of the electrode–electrolyte interface. Toward this, an all‐polymeric, all‐elastic and non‐laminated supercapacitor with high mechanical reliability and excellent electrochemical performance is developed. Specifically, a polypyrrole electrode layer is in situ integrated into a silk fibroin‐based elastic supramolecular hydrogel film with extensive hydrogen and covalent bonds, where a non‐laminate device is realized with structural elasticity at the device level. The non‐laminate configuration can avoid slippage and delamination, while the elasticity can preclude crease formation. Furthermore, under more severe mechanical damage, the supercapacitors can restore the electrochemical performance through non‐autonomous self‐healing capabilities, where the supramolecular design of host–guest interactions in the hydrogel matrix results in a superior self‐healing efficiency approaching ≈95.8% even after 30 cutting/healing cycles. The all‐elastic supercapacitor delivers an areal capacitance of 0.37 F cm−2 and a volumetric energy density of 0.082 mW h cm−3, which can well‐maintain the specific capacitance even at −20 °C with over 85.2% retention after five cut/healing cycles.

Cloud cover is an important factor limiting the earth observation efficiency of optical imaging satellites. Existing solutions include avoiding cloudy observation time windows by onboard cloud detectors and ground monitors, which are difficult to improve satellite observation efficiency in time. In order to solve the problem, firstly, a Geostationary Earth Orbit (GEO) and Low Earth Orbit (LEO) satellites cooperation scheme by using cloud cover information provided by GEO meteorological satellite to guide the imaging of LEO optical satellites is proposed, and the operation flow and key elements in this scheme are analyzed. Secondly, Fengyun-4 GEO meteorological satellite and its cloud mask (CLM) products are analyzed. Thirdly, an autonomous mission planning algorithm based on real-time cloud cover information is proposed. Computational results have demonstrated the effectiveness of the proposed GEO–LEO satellites cooperation scheme by taking the actual orbit and payload data of Fengyun-4 and Gaofen-1/2 satellites as examples.

Abstract Aqueous rechargeable metal‐ion batteries (ARMBs) represent one of the current research frontiers due to their low cost, high safety, and other unique features. Evolving to a practically useful device, the ARMBs must be adaptable to various ambient, especially the cold weather. While much effort has been made on organic electrolyte batteries operating at low temperatures, the study on low‐temperature ARMBs is still in its infancy. The challenge mainly comes from water freezing at subzero temperatures, resulting in dramatically retarded kinetics. Here, the freezing behavior of water and its effects on subzero performances of ARMBs are first discussed. Then all strategies used to enhance subzero temperature performances of ARMBs by associating them with battery kinetics are summarized. The subzero temperature performances of ARMBs and organic electrolyte batteries are compared. The final section presents potential directions for further improvements and future perspectives of this thriving field.

Abstract Rechargeable Zn‐based batteries (RZBs) have attracted much attention and been regarded as one of the most promising candidates for next‐generation energy storage featured with high safety, low costs, environmental friendliness, and satisfactory energy density. The aqueous electrolyte system exhibits great potential to power the future wearable electronics. Apart from the achievements of high capacity cathode and stable electrolyte, the anode suffers from problems of dendrite growth, hydrogen evolution, and passivation with limited attention. The dendrite formation strongly restricts the battery lifespan. Therefore, strategies focused on dendrite suppression are carefully categorized and summarized in this review, including crystallographic orientation manipulation, electric field control, ion flux regulation, and mechanical shield. Each strategy and the detailed approaches are critically dissected. Finally, remaining challenges are emphasized in this review, expecting to supply further research with potential directions to fulfill the high performance of the Zn anodes.

Strengthening is a critical issue for improving the mechanical properties of ceramic particles reinforced metal matrix composites (CPRMMCs). A Ni matrix composite reinforced by TiN nano-particles (TiNNP) with a three-dimensional (3D) network structure was synthesized via low-energy ball-milling (LEBM) and spark plasma sintering (SPS). The ultimate tensile strength (UTS) of the TiN/Ni composite is 690 MPa, an increase of 383% compared to that of the Ni matrix. The 3D network structure of TiN nano-particles formed at the grain boundaries refines the grains significantly and generates a high density of dislocations near the TiN/Ni interface, synergistically contributing to the enhanced strength. Ceramic particles of 3D network structure may be a potential solution to achieving superior properties of CPRMMCs.

This article contains data related to the research article entitled “Distribution and potential ecological risk of 50 phenolic compounds in three rivers in Tianjin, China” [1]. This data article reports the detailed information for the contaminant level of phenolic compounds in three rivers in Tianjin, China. The data collects from seven sample sites in Beitang drainage river, sixteen sample sites in Dagu drainage river, and fourteen sample sites in Yongdingxin river. The ranges, standard deviations, average values, median values of the concentrations of identified phenolic compounds in three rivers and the standard deviations, average values, the maximum values of risk quotients of identified phenolic compounds in three rivers are listed in this paper. Keywords: Phenolic compounds, Suspended particulate matter, Surface water, Sediment, Tianjin

Ni base superalloys for structural castings of aero engines demand higher service temperatures and lower costs while retaining their processing characteristics. To achieve these properties, alloying with the rare precious metals inevitably leads to a decrease in the castability and a marked increase in the raw material cost. In this work, we develop a novel Ni base composite (MC/IN718C) with a high creep resistance, excellent microstructure stability and excellent castability by optimizing the chemistry and microstructure of the commercial IN718C superalloy. In this work, both tensile strengths at room temperature and at 704 °C were obviously improved, while the steady-state creep rate of the MC/IN718C composite at 704 °C was reduced by one order of magnitude. The rupture life of MC/IN718C at 704 °C/620 MPa was enhanced by one order of magnitude compared to the IN718C alloy due to the load bearing effect of the MC carbide, the elimination of the metastable strengthening precipitation phase γ″ and a decrease in the harmful Laves and δ phases. MC/IN718C Ni base composite presents a new strategy for the design and preparation of high-temperature materials potentially for critical structural castings. Keywords: Nickel superalloys, Carbides, Synchrotron radiation X-ray diffraction, Creep, Microstructure

The ordered L12 phase generally appears as dispersed precipitates in FCC multi-principal element alloys (MPEAs). In this work, a single L12 ordered intermetallic is obtained in the annealed equimolar FeCoNiV alloy. Experiments show that the FCC to L12 ordering transformation occurs below 778±2 °C, accompanied by lattice contraction, anti-phase boundaries (APBs) formation and low-temperature magnetic moment decrease. A strong linear strain hardening rate up to 5.0 GPa is obtained during the tensile deformation for L12 ordered alloy at room temperature. The ab initio calculations based on the exact muffin‑tin orbitals in combination with coherent potential approximation predict that V atoms prefer to occupy the cubic corner positions of L12 sublattice, and the FCC phase becomes more stable with respect to L12 phase above 849 °C considering the competition between enthalpy and entropy. The ab initio molecular dynamic simulations indicate that V atoms prefer to bond with the unlike atoms (Fe, Co and Ni) in liquid FeCoNiV, which is consistent with the cubic corner site occupation of V in L12 ordered structure. The present work demonstrates a new design strategy of MPEAs which focus on single phase ductile intermetallic compounds. Keywords: High-entropy alloys, Ordering transformation, FeCoNiV, Ab initio calculations, Liquid structure

Considering the adverse effects of orbit injection error, a novel repeat ground-track orbit redesign approach is proposed to reduce the fuel consumption caused by the orbital maneuvering from the injection orbit to the nominal orbit. By introducing the performance indexes of revisiting accuracy and orbit injection maneuvering fuel consumption, the problem of repeat ground track orbit redesign considering the orbit injection error is transformed into a multi-objective optimization problem, which can be solved by multi-objective genetic algorithm. Finally, the numerical simulations show that the redesigned repeat ground-track orbits not only can meet the requirements of revisiting ground targets with high accuracy, but also can reduce the required fuel consumption significantly

In this work, the DD98M single crystal superalloys were brazed to themselves using a Pd-Si composite filler. The effect of brazing temperature and soaking time on the microstructure and mechanical behavior of the joints was studied. The microstructure and phase constitution in the joint were identified by the SEM and EDS analysis. The results indicated that the joint obtained was constituted by DD98M/zone 2/zone 1/zone 2/DD98M. The zone 1 was primarily made up of the Ni (Pd, Cr, Co) (s.s), Pd4Si, Pd (Ni, Ti, Al) (s.s) and Pd-rich Ni (Pd, Cr, Co) (s.s), while the zone 2 consisted of the Ni (Pd, Cr, Co) (s.s) and Al2Pd5. During the brazing process, increasing the brazing temperature strengthened the fluidity of the liquid filler, which was favorable to eliminating the solidified pores in the brazing seam. Furthermore, a higher brazing temperature would cause the phases in the zones 1 and 2 to be coarsened remarkably. When setting the brazing temperature to 1060 °C, extending the soaking time made the amount of Pd (Ni, Ti, Al) (s.s) decrease, whereas the amount of Pd4Si increased, because the peritectic reaction between the Pd (Ni, Ti, Al) (s.s) and remnant liquid filler was enhanced. Among the brazing process parameters under investigation, the maximum joint average shear strength obtained reached 338 MPa when the joint was brazed at 1060 °C for 30 min. A ductile fracture mode happened during the shear tests under a joining condition. The work performed can provide valuable data to design the single crystal superalloy brazed joint.

High-resolution optical satellites are widely used in environmental monitoring. With the aim to observe the largest possible coverage, the overlapping areas and intersection angles of respective optical satellite images are usually small. However, the conventional bundle adjustment method leads to erroneous results or even failure under conditions of weak geometric convergence. By transforming the traditional stereo adjustment to a planar adjustment and combining it with linear programming (LP) theory, a new method that can solve the bias compensation parameters of all satellite images is proposed in this paper. With the support of freely available open source digital elevation models (DEMs) and sparse ground control points (GCPs), the method can not only ensure the consistent inner precision of all images, but also the absolute geolocation accuracy of the ground points. Tests of the two data sets covering different landscapes validated the effectiveness and feasibility of the method. The results showed that the geo-positioning performance of the method was better in regions of smaller topographic relief or for satellite images with a larger imaging altitude angle. The best accuracy of image geolocation with weak convergence geometry was as high as to 3.693 m in the horizontal direction and 6.510 m in the vertical direction, which is a level of accuracy equal to that of images with good intersection conditions.