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Abstract Background Porcine deltacoronavirus (PDCoV) is a swine enteropathogenic coronavirus that affects young pigs, causing vomiting, acute diarrhea, dehydration, and even death. There is growing evidence that PDCoV can undergo cross-species as well as zoonotic transmissions. Due to the frequent outbreaks of this deadly virus, early detection is essential for effective prevention and control. Therefore, developing a more convenient and reliable method for PDCoV detection is the need of the hour. Results This study utilized a high-affinity monoclonal antibody as the capture antibody and a horseradish peroxidase labeled polyclonal antibody as the detection antibody to develop an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (DAS-ELSA) for PDCoV detection.Both antibodies target the PDCoV nucleocapsid (N) protein. The findings of this study revealed that DAS-ELISA was highly specific to PDCoV and did not cross-react with other viruses to cause swine diarrhea. The limit of detection of the virus titer using this method was 103 TCID50/mL of PDCoV particles. The results of a parallel analysis of 239 known pig samples revealed a coincidence rate of 97.07% (κ = 0.922) using DAS-ELISA and reverse transcriptase PCR (RT-PCR). The DAS-ELISA was used to measure the one-step growth curve of PDCoV in LLC-PK cells and the tissue distribution of PDCoV in infected piglets. The study found that the DAS-ELISA was comparable in accuracy to the TCID50 method while measuring the one-step growth curve. Furthermore, the tissue distribution measured by DAS-ELISA was also consistent with the qRT-PCR method. Conclusion The developed DAS-ELISA method can be conveniently used for the early clinical detection of PDCoV infection in pigs, and it may also serve as an alternative method for laboratory testing of PDCoV.

Abstract Background In the present study, the effects of distalizations of one and two molars with different step distances and attachment designs have been analyzed. Methods A 3D finite element analysis model has been developed in order to determine the tendency of tooth displacement and stress distribution with clear aligner treatment. Results Under the condition of single-molar distalization, when the step distance was set to 0.25 mm, the total displacement was 0.086 mm for central incisors, 0.080 mm for lateral incisors, 0.084 mm for canines, 0.102 mm for the first premolar and 0.076 mm for the second premolar. The von Mises stress of roots and the principal stress of the periodontal ligament was slightly lower than in the control group when the step distance was set to 0.130 mm. Under the condition of two-molar distalization, when the step distance was set to 0.130 mm, the total displacements for central incisors, lateral incisors and canines as well as both the first and second maxillary molars were basically the same as with a distance of 0.250 mm for one-molar distalization. In addition, when the step distance was 0.130 mm with two-molar distalization, the rotation center of the first and second molar was closer to the apex of the root indicating that the smaller step distance led to more bodily movement during the two-molar distalization. However, displacement tendencies of the first molar and the second molar were basically the same whether horizontal or vertical rectangular attachments were added. Conclusions A step distance of moving two molars to 0.130 mm can achieve the same reaction force on the anterior teeth as moving one molar 0.250 mm without effects on horizontal or vertical rectangular attachments. Clinical relevance Our results provide a theoretical basis and guidance for simultaneously moving two molars backward in clinical practice using a clear aligner.

Objective: The purpose of this research was to investigate the measurements of maxillary and mandibular basal arch width in male and female with normal occlusion, and to compare dental arch width difference between normal occlusion and ClassⅡ malocclusion groups could be helpful in orthodontic diagnosis and treatment planning. Methods: Cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) images from 133 individuals (76 males and 57 females) with normal occlusion and 64 (25 males and 39 females) with skeletal Class II malocclusions were evaluated. The distances between canines, first molars (basal arch widths: BAW) and second molars were measured from CRs (center of resistance) of the teeth and the projection of first molars on buccal bones (WALA distance) were measured. Results: There were significant differences in male and female maxillary and mandibular dental transverse widths. The normal range of the maxilla and mandible basal bone widths differences were −2 mm–2 mm (−0.05 ± 2.17 mm). The normal occlusion and Class Ⅱ groups exhibited significant differences in the width of the intercanine and first molars. Sella-nasion-A point angle (SNA) and Sella-nasion-B point angle (SNB) in the Class Ⅱ male group were positively correlated with the width between the maxillary canines. For individuals with normal occlusions, the width of the mandible at the second molar was greater than that of the maxilla, so more attention should be paid to the width of the second molar when considering clinical treatment. Conclusion: Measuring the width of the maxilla and mandible basal bones from the resistance center of the first molar was a feasible and repeatable method can be used in clinical practice. The data could serve as a reference for orthodontic treatment planning. More consideration should be paid to the horizontal dental problems of the treatment plan for Class Ⅱ patients. And the width of the mandible at the second molar was greater than that of the maxilla, so more attention should be paid during treatment.

Ni625/WC composite coatings added with different amounts of Y 2O 3were prepared on the surface of 304 stainless steels by laser cladding. This study focused on the microstructure characteristics, microhardness, and corrosion performances of Ni625/WC composite coatings. The results showed that Y 2O 3 can effectively improve the corrosion resistance of the composite coatings. The microstructure from the bottom to the surface of composite coatings consists of plane crystal, cellular crystal, columnar crystal and equiaxed crystal. The Y 2O 3content of optimum composite coating was 1.0%. Its microhardness was three times that of matrix material. In addition, the corrosion current density of the composite coating was only 2% of Ni625/WC coating, which was attributed to the good properties of Y 2O 3 and appropriate Y 2O 3 refined microstructure.

The uCVD (microchemical vapor deposition) graphene growth system is an improved CVD system that is suitable for scientific research and experimental needs, and it is characterized by its rapid, convenient, compact, and low-cost features. The micro-hotplate based on an SOI wafer is the core component of this system. To meet the requirements of the uCVD system for the micro-hotplate, we propose a suspended multi-cantilever heating platform composed of a heating chip, cantilevers, and bracket. In this article, using heat transfer theory and thermoelectric simulation, we demonstrate that the silicon resistivity, current input cross-sectional size, and the convective heat transfer coefficient have a huge impact on the performance of the micro-heating platform. Therefore, in the proposed solution, we adopt a selective doping process to achieve a differentiated configuration of silicon resistivity in the cantilevers and heating chip, ensuring that the heating chip meets the requirements for graphene synthesis while allowing the cantilevers to withstand high currents without damage. Additionally, by adding brackets, the surfaces of the micro-hotplate have the same convective heat transfer environment, reducing the surface temperature difference, and improving the cooling rate. The simulation results indicate that the temperature on the micro-hotplate surface can reach 1050.8 °C, and the maximum temperature difference at different points on the surface is less than 2 °C, which effectively meets the requirements for the CVD growth of graphene using Cu as the catalyst.

Abstract Background With the popularity of medical aesthetic programs, some female adults who will or are undergoing orthodontic treatment often wonder whether orthodontic treatment has adverse effects on the nasolabial folds (NLFs). The aims of the study were to investigate any potential changes in the NLFs and associated peripheral soft tissues after orthodontic treatment of female adults. Methods This study compared changes in the NLFs and peripheral soft tissues in female adults undergoing orthodontic treatment using the 3dMD Face system (3dMD, Atlanta, Ga). A total of 52 adult female patient cases (24 teeth extraction, 28 non-teeth extraction) were included to evaluate the effects of different orthodontic treatment regimens on the NLFs and peripheral soft tissues. Results In the NLFs area, the landmarks of the extraction group were all significantly negatively changed (P

Abstract Background Some female adults who received orthodontic treatment often complain about thinner faces, protruding cheekbones and sunken temples, even at the beginning of treatment. The present research aimed to explore facial soft tissue changes during and after orthodontic treatment, as well as the related factors affecting facial soft tissue changes. Methods This study used 3dMD stereo photography technology to compare facial soft tissue changes among adult females who received orthodontics. A total of 52 adult females (24 teeth extraction, 28 non-teeth extraction cases) were included and potential correlations between related factors (facial morphology features, the change of occlusal height and dental arch width) were evaluated during different treatment periods. Results Overall, 3D-negative soft tissue changes of the buccal region moderately correlated with distances of nasion-menton and subnasale-menton (both rs = 0.30, P

Data-independent acquisition (DIA) technology for protein identification from mass spectrometry and related algorithms is developing rapidly. The spectrum-centric analysis of DIA data without the use of spectra library from data-dependent acquisition data represents a promising direction. In this paper, we proposed an untargeted analysis method, Dear-DIAXMBD, for direct analysis of DIA data. Dear-DIAXMBD first integrates the deep variational autoencoder and triplet loss to learn the representations of the extracted fragment ion chromatograms, then uses the k-means clustering algorithm to aggregate fragments with similar representations into the same classes, and finally establishes the inverted index tables to determine the precursors of fragment clusters between precursors and peptides and between fragments and peptides. We show that Dear-DIAXMBD performs superiorly with the highly complicated DIA data of different species obtained by different instrument platforms. Dear-DIAXMBD is publicly available at https://github.com/jianweishuai/Dear-DIA-XMBD.

Organocatalysed 1,3-proton shifts can offer efficient access to chiral nonracemic fluorinated products. Here chiral amino amides are obtained in high enantiomeric ratio via enantioselective 1,3- proton shift of β,β-difluoro-αimino amides.

Abstract Background The connections between sleep quality and central obesity among reproductive-aged women are not clear. The study aimed to explore the association between sleep quality and central obesity among Chinese reproductive-aged women and identify the independent contributions of sociodemographic characteristics, health-related factors, and sleep quality to central obesity. Methods In this cross-sectional survey, the minimal sample sizes were 2404 subjects; 2449 Chinese women aged 18–49 participated in this study. Sleep quality was assessed by the Chinese version of the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). Central obesity as the outcome of interest was a binary variable; women were categorized as with versus without central obesity measured by waist circumference (WC). The independent contribution of sociodemographic characteristics (Cluster 1), health-related variables (Cluster 2), and sleep quality (Cluster 3) to central obesity was derived from the corresponding R 2 change (individual R 2 change/total R 2 × 100%), using clustered multiple logistic regression analyses. Results The risk of central obesity increased significantly with poor sleep quality (assessed by global PSQI score) [adjusted odds ratio (OR) = 2.20 per SD increase; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.28–3.78; P = 0.004], increased sleep disturbance score (adjusted OR = 1.11 per SD increase; 95% CI = 1.01–1.22; P = 0.042) and decreased subjective sleep quality score (adjusted OR = 0.81 per SD increase; 95% CI = 0.73–0.90; P

Alcohol-induced osteonecrosis of the femoral head (AIONFH) is a complicated refractory bone disease seen in the clinic. The pathogenesis of AIONFH is still controversial. Extrachromosomal circular DNA (eccDNA) elements have been indicated ubiquitously exist in eukaryotic genomes. However, the characteristics and biological functions of eccDNAs remain unclear in AIONFH. In this study, eccDNAs from AIONFH samples (n = 7) and fracture of femoral neck samples as a control (n = 7) were purified by removing linear DNA and rolling circle amplification. High-throughput sequencing and bioinformatics analysis were performed to study the characterization and biofunction of eccDNAs. We identified more than 600,000 unique eccDNAs. The number of detected eccDNAs in AIONFH was less than that in the control, and eccDNA formation may be related to transcription or other characteristics of coding genes. The eccDNA lengths are mainly distributed between 0.1 kb and 1 kb, with a major peak in 0.358 kb. The bioinformatic analysis showed that 25 significant genes were detected, including MAP3K1, ADCY1, CACNA1S, and MACF1, which contributed to regulating bone formation. GO and KEGG analyses suggested that the related genes derived from exons mainly affected metabolic processes and signal transduction, and bone metabolism-related pathways, such as the MAPK pathway and TGF-β pathway, were enriched. EccDNAs in AIONFH are common and may play an important role in pathogenesis by regulating bone metabolism.

With the continuous development of the world’s aerospace industry, countries have put forward higher requirements for thermal protection materials for aerospace vehicles. As a nano porous material with ultra-low thermal conductivity, aerogel has attracted more and more attention in the thermal insulation application of aerospace vehicles. At present, the summary of aerogel used in aerospace thermal protection applications is not comprehensive. Therefore, this paper summarizes the research status of various types of aerogels for thermal protection (oxide aerogels, organic aerogels, etc.), summarizes the hot issues in the current research of various types of aerogels for thermal protection, and puts forward suggestions for the future development of various aerogels. For oxide aerogels, it is necessary to further increase their use temperature and inhibit the sintering of high-temperature resistant components. For organic aerogels, it is necessary to focus on improving the anti-ablation, thermal insulation, and mechanical properties in long-term aerobic high-temperature environments, and on this basis, find cheap raw materials to reduce costs. For carbon aerogels, it is necessary to further explore the balanced relationship between oxidation resistance, mechanics, and thermal insulation properties of materials. The purpose of this paper is to provide a reference for the further development of more efficient and reliable aerogel materials for aerospace applications in the future.

MCrAlY (M = Ni or/and Co) coatings have played an indispensable role in the high-temperature protection system for key components of aero-engines due to their excellent high-temperature oxidation and hot corrosion resistance. Nanoindentation is a useful and highly efficient method for characterizing the nanomechanical properties of materials. The rich information reflecting materials can be gained by load-displacement curves. In addition to common parameters such as elastic modulus and nanohardness, the indentation work and creep property at room temperature can also be extracted. Herein, nanomechanical properties of NiCoCrAlYCe coatings using high-velocity oxygen-fuel (HVOF) spraying were investigated systematically by nanoindentation. The microstructure of as-sprayed NiCoCrAlYCe coatings present mono-modal distribution. Results of nanoindentation reveal that the elastic modulus and nanohardness of NiCoCrAlYCe coatings are 121.08 ± 10.04 GPa and 6.09 ± 0.86 Gpa, respectively. Furthermore, the indentation work of coatings was also characterized. The elastic indentation work is 10.322 ± 0.721 nJ, and the plastic indentation work is 22.665 ± 1.702 nJ. The ratio of the plastic work to the total work of deformation during indentation is 0.687 ± 0.024, which can predict excellent wear resistance for NiCoCrAlYCe coatings. Meanwhile, the strain rate sensitivity determined by nanoindentation is 0.007 ± 0.001 at room temperature. These results can provide prediction of erosion resistance for MCrAlY coatings.

Axially chiral biaryl amino-alcohols play a pivotal role in organic synthesis and drug discovery. Here, the authors report a cooperative strategy consisting of desymmetrization followed by kinetic resolution to deliver non-classical NOBIN derivatives in high yields and enantioselectivity via NHC catalysis.

Axially chiral compounds are commonly found in nature. Here, the authors show the highly enantioselective construction of axially chiral biaryls via an N-heterocyclic carbenes-catalyzed [3+3] atroposelective annulation of ynals with cyclic 1,3-diones.

In previous work, a new network switch architecture, hybrid circuit-switched (HCS) network, has been proposed and evaluated. In doing so, it has been studied for use in a multi-processor system, with a focus on power and throughput. However, cache coherence and its connection with chip reliability have not been fully studied previously for multi-processor systems. In this paper, we study this problem by discussing the implementation of cache coherence on a HCS-based chip multi-processor and present a way to model the reliability of these protocols based on fault tree analysis and two-terminal networking models. We focus our efforts on three cache coherence protocols: Write-Once, Modified, Exclusive, Shared, Invalid (MESI), and Modified, Owned, Exclusive, Shared, Invalid (MOESI), and obtain expressions for the reliability probabilities of the system. Our results show that the Write-Once protocol is 14% less reliable than MOESI, while the MESI protocol is 2.5% less reliable than MOESI. We also demonstrate that the reliability of these protocols are 40.22% and 59.83% better, on average, when implemented on an HCS network rather than an elastic buffer-based network or a bus-based network, respectively.

Since Cloud Service Provider is a semi-trusted party in cloud storage, to protect data from being disclosed, users' data are encrypted before being uploaded to a cloud server. Undoubtedly, flexible encrypted data sharing is a very important demand required by cloud storage users, whereas few schemes have being designed to satisfy this demand. In this paper, based on conditional proxy broadcast re-encryption technology, an encrypted data sharing scheme for secure cloud storage is proposed. The scheme not only achieves broadcast data sharing by taking advantage of broadcast encryption, but also achieves dynamic sharing that enables adding a user to and removing a user from sharing groups dynamically without the need to change encryption public keys. Moreover, by using proxy re-encryption technology, our scheme enables the proxy (cloud server) to directly share encrypted data to the target users without the intervention of data owner while keeping data privacy, so that greatly improves the sharing performance. Meanwhile, the correctness and the security are proved; the performance is analyzed, and the experimental results are shown to verify the feasibility and the efficiency of the proposed scheme.

Different security notions of secret sharing schemes have been proposed by different information measures. Entropies, such as Shannon entropy and min entropy, are frequently used in the setting security notions for secret sharing schemes. Different to the entropies, Kolmogorov complexity was also defined and used in study the security of individual instances for secret sharing schemes. This paper is concerned with these security notions for secret sharing schemes defined by the variational measures, including Shannon entropy, guessing probability, min entropy and Kolmogorov complexity.

A comprehensive set of physicochemical variables in near-bottom water and surface sediments, as well as the soft-bottom macrozoobenthic assemblages were investigated at six sites across the Yundang Lagoon (Southeast China) in November 2012. This lagoon was severely damaged in the 1970s due to domestic and industrial pollution and land reclamation and underwent a massive restoration effort over the past 30 years. Our objectives were to: (1) assess the current trophic and environmental condition of the lagoon; (2) investigate the pattern of spatial variation in the macrozoobenthic assemblages; and (3) assess the benthic recovery in relation to the main environmental gradients and the presence of invasive alien species. Nutrient, chlorophyll-a, biological oxygen demand (BOD5), chemical oxygen demand (CODMn), and total organic carbon (TOC) concentrations were lower than those reported in previous decades, yet organically-enriched conditions occurred at an inner site. From azoic conditions in the 1980s and a few benthic species reported prior to this study, we found a significant increase in benthic diversity with 43 species heterogeneously distributed across the lagoon. The invasive bivalve Mytilopsis sallei was the dominant species, which was associated with the richest benthic assemblage. However, M. sallei is a pest species, and its spatiotemporal distribution should be carefully monitored. These results highlight the central role of the macrozoobenthos in providing important ecological information on the current status of the Yundang Lagoon and as an effective biological tool to follow the recovery’s progress and the future evolution of this highly valued ecosystem.

Porcine deltacoronavirus (PDCoV) is a novel swine enteropathogenic coronavirus with worldwide distribution. PDCoV belongs to the Deltacoronavirus (DCoV) genus, which mainly includes avian coronaviruses (CoVs). PDCoV has the potential to infect human and chicken cells in vitro, and also has limited infectivity in calves. However, the origin of PDCoV in pigs, the host range, and cross-species infection of PDCoV still remain unclear. To determine whether PDCoV really has the ability to infect chickens in vivo, the three lines of chicken embryos and specific pathogen free (SPF) chickens were inoculated with PDCoV HNZK-02 strain to investigate PDCoV infection in the current study. Our results indicated that PDCoV can infect chicken embryos and could be continuously passaged on them. Furthermore, we observed that PDCoV-inoculated chickens showed mild diarrhea symptoms and low fecal viral RNA shedding. PDCoV RNA could also be detected in multiple organs (lung, kidney, jejunum, cecum, and rectum) and intestinal contents of PDCoV-inoculated chickens until 17 day post-inoculation by real-time quantitative PCR (qRT-PCR). A histology analysis indicated that PDCoV caused mild lesions in the lung, kidney, and intestinal tissues. These results prove the susceptibility of chickens to PDCoV infection, which might provide more insight about the cross-species transmission of PDCoV.