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299 results on '"Dongsu Ryu"'

1. Model Spectrum of Ultrahigh-energy Cosmic Rays Accelerated in FR-I Radio Galaxy Jets

Author

Jeongbhin Seo, Dongsu Ryu, and Hyesung Kang

Subjects
Cosmic rays, Fanaroff-Riley radio galaxies, Relativistic jets, Astrophysics, QB460-466
Abstract

Nearby radio galaxies (RGs) of Fanaroff–Riley Class I (FR-I) are considered possible sites for the production of observed ultrahigh-energy cosmic rays (UHECRs). Among those, some exhibit blazar-like inner jets, while others display plume-like structures. We reproduce the flow dynamics of FR-I jets using relativistic hydrodynamic simulations. Subsequently, we track the transport and energization of cosmic ray (CR) particles within the simulated jet flows using Monte Carlo simulations. The key determinant of flow dynamics is the mean Lorentz factor of the jet-spine flow, 〈Γ〉 _spine . When 〈Γ〉 _spine ≳ 6, the jet spine remains almost unimpeded, but for 〈Γ〉 _spine ≲ 3, substantial jet deceleration occurs. CRs gain energy mainly through diffusive shock acceleration for E ≲ 1 EeV and shear acceleration for E ≳ 1 EeV. The time-asymptotic energy spectrum of CRs escaping from the jet can be modeled by a double power law, transitioning from ∼ E ^−0.6 to ∼ E ^−2.6 around a break energy, E _break , with an exponential cutoff at ${E}_{\mathrm{break}}\langle {\rm{\Gamma }}{\rangle }_{\mathrm{spine}}^{2}$ . E _break is limited either by the Hillas confinement condition or by particle escape from the cocoon via fast spatial diffusion. The spectral slopes primarily arise from multiple episodes of shock and relativistic shear acceleration, and the confinement–escape processes within the cocoon. The exponential cutoff is determined by nongradual shear acceleration that boosts the energy of high-energy CRs by a factor of $\sim \langle {\rm{\Gamma }}{\rangle }_{\mathrm{spine}}^{2}$ . We suggest that the model spectrum derived in this work could be employed to investigate the contribution of RGs to the observed population of UHECRs.

Published
2024
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2. HOW-MHD: A High-order WENO-based Magnetohydrodynamic Code with a High-order Constrained Transport Algorithm for Astrophysical Applications

Author

Jeongbhin Seo and Dongsu Ryu

Subjects
Magnetohydrodynamical simulations, Astrophysical fluid dynamics, Magnetohydrodynamics, Astrophysics, QB460-466
Abstract

Due to the prevalence of magnetic fields in astrophysical environments, magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) simulation has become a basic tool for studying astrophysical fluid dynamics. To further advance the precision of MHD simulations, we have developed a new simulation code that solves ideal adiabatic or isothermal MHD equations with high-order accuracy. The code is based on the finite-difference weighted essentially nonoscillatory (WENO) scheme and the strong stability-preserving Runge–Kutta (SSPRK) method. Most of all, the code implements a newly developed, high-order constrained transport (CT) algorithm for the divergence-free constraint of magnetic fields, completing its high-order competence. In this paper, we present the version in Cartesian coordinates, which includes a fifth-order WENO and a fourth-order five-stage SSPRK, along with extensive tests. With the new CT algorithm, fifth-order accuracy is achieved in convergence tests involving the damping of MHD waves in 3D space. And substantially improved results are obtained in magnetic loop advection and magnetic reconnection tests, indicating a reduction in numerical diffusivity. In addition, the reliability and robustness of the code, along with its high accuracy, are demonstrated through several tests involving shocks and complex flows. Furthermore, tests of turbulent flows reveal the advantages of high-order accuracy and show that the adiabatic and isothermal codes have similar accuracy. With its high-order accuracy, our new code would provide a valuable tool for studying a wide range of astrophysical phenomena that involve MHD processes.

Published
2023
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3. Electron–Ion Temperature Ratio in Astrophysical Shocks

Author

John C. Raymond, Parviz Ghavamian, Artem Bohdan, Dongsu Ryu, Jacek Niemiec, Lorenzo Sironi, Aaron Tran, Elena Amato, Masahiro Hoshino, Martin Pohl, Takanobu Amano, and Frederico Fiuza

Subjects
Supernova remnants, Shocks, Plasma astrophysics, Astrophysics, QB460-466
Abstract

Collisionless shock waves in supernova remnants and the solar wind heat electrons less effectively than they heat ions, as is predicted by kinetic simulations. However, the values of T _e / T _p inferred from the H α profiles of supernova remnant shocks behave differently as a function of Mach number or Alfvén Mach number than what is measured in the solar wind or predicted by simulations. Here we determine T _e / T _p for supernova remnant shocks using H α profiles, shock speeds from proper motions, and electron temperatures from X-ray spectra. We also improve the estimates of sound speed and Alfvén speed used to determine Mach numbers. We find that the H α determinations are robust and that the discrepancies among supernova remnant shocks, solar wind shocks, and computer-simulated shocks remain. We discuss some possible contributing factors, including shock precursors, turbulence, and varying preshock conditions.

Published
2023
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4. Cosmic-Ray Acceleration and Nonthermal Radiation at Accretion Shocks in the Outer Regions of Galaxy Clusters

Author

Ji-Hoon Ha, Dongsu Ryu, and Hyesung Kang

Subjects
Cosmic rays, Shocks, Galaxy clusters, Non-thermal radiation sources, Astrophysics, QB460-466
Abstract

Cosmology models predict that external accretion shocks form in the outer region of galaxy clusters owing to supersonic gas infall from filaments and voids in the cosmic web. They are characterized by high sonic and Alfvénic Mach numbers, M _s ∼ 10–10 ^2 and M _A ∼ 10 ^2 –10 ^3 , and propagate into weakly magnetized plasmas of β ≡ P _g / P _B ≳ 10 ^2 . Although strong accretion shocks are expected to be efficient accelerators of cosmic rays (CRs), nonthermal signatures of shock-accelerated CRs around clusters have not been confirmed, and detailed acceleration physics at such shocks has yet to be understood. In this study, we first establish through two-dimensional particle-in-cell simulations that at strong high- β shocks electrons can be pre-energized via stochastic Fermi acceleration owing to the ion Weibel instability in the shock transition region, possibly followed by injection into diffusive shock acceleration. Hence, we propose that the models derived from conventional thermal leakage injection may be employed for the acceleration of electrons and ions at accretion shocks as well. Applying these analytic models to numerical shock zones identified in structure formation simulations, we estimate nonthermal radiation, such as synchrotron and inverse Compton (IC) emission due to CR electrons and π ^0 -decay γ -rays due to CR protons, around simulated clusters. Our models with injection parameter Q ≈ 3.5–3.8 predict synthetic synchrotron maps, which seem consistent with recent radio observations of the Coma Cluster. However, the detection of nonthermal IC X-rays and γ -rays from accretion shocks would be quite challenging. We suggest that the proposed analytic models may be adopted as generic recipes for CR production at cosmological shocks.

Published
2023
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5. A Simulation Study of Ultra-relativistic Jets. III. Particle Acceleration in FR-II Jets

Author

Jeongbhin Seo, Dongsu Ryu, and Hyesung Kang

Subjects
Relativistic fluid dynamics, Relativistic jets, Radio galaxies, Hydrodynamical simulations, Ultra-high-energy cosmic radiation, Astrophysics, QB460-466
Abstract

We study the acceleration of ultra-high-energy cosmic rays (UHECRs) in Class II Fanaroff–Riley (FR-II) radio galaxies by performing Monte Carlo simulations for the transport, scattering, and energy change of CR particles injected into time-evolving jet flows that are realized through relativistic hydrodynamic simulations. Toward that end, we adopt physically motivated models for the magnetic field and particle scattering. By identifying the primary acceleration process among diffusive shock acceleration (DSA), turbulent shear acceleration (TSA), and relativistic shear acceleration (RSA), we find that CRs of E ≲ 1 EeV gain energy mainly through DSA in the jet‐spine flow and backflow containing many shocks and turbulence. After they attain E ≳ a few exaelectronvolts, CRs are energized mostly via RSA at the jet–backflow interface, reaching energies well above 10 ^20 eV. TSA makes a relatively minor contribution. The time-asymptotic energy spectrum of escaping particles is primarily governed by the jet power, shifting to higher energies at more powerful jets. The UHECR spectrum fits well to a double power-law form, whose break energy, E _break , corresponds to the size-limited maximum energy. It is close to $d{ \mathcal N }/{dE}\propto {E}^{-0.5}$ below E _break , while it follows $d{ \mathcal N }/{dE}\propto {E}^{-2.6}$ above E _break , decreasing more gradually than the exponential. The power-law slope of the high-energy end is determined by energy boosts via non-gradual shear acceleration across the jet–backflow interface and confinement by an elongated cocoon. We conclude that giant radio galaxies could be major contributors to the observed UHECRs.

Published
2023
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6. Towards Exascale Simulations of the ICM Dynamo with WENO-Wombat

Author

Julius Donnert, Hanbyul Jang, Peter Mendygral, Gianfranco Brunetti, Dongsu Ryu, and Thomas Jones

Subjects
galaxy clusters, magnetic fields, numerical methods, magneto-hydrodynamics, Astronomy, QB1-991
Abstract

In galaxy clusters, modern radio interferometers observe non-thermal radio sources with unprecedented spatial and spectral resolution. For the first time, the new data allows to infer the structure of the intra-cluster magnetic fields on small scales via Faraday tomography. This leap forward demands new numerical models for the amplification of magnetic fields in cosmic structure formation—the cosmological magnetic dynamo. Here we present a novel numerical approach to astrophyiscal MHD simulations aimed to resolve this small-scale dynamo in future cosmological simulations. As a first step, we implement a fifth order WENO scheme in the new code WOMBAT. We show that this scheme doubles the effective resolution of the simulation and is thus less expensive than common second order schemes. WOMBAT uses a novel approach to parallelization and load balancing developed in collaboration with performance engineers at Cray Inc. This will allow us scale simulation to the exaflop regime and achieve kpc resolution in future cosmological simulations of galaxy clusters. Here we demonstrate the excellent scaling properties of the code and argue that resolved simulations of the cosmological small scale dynamo within the whole virial radius are possible in the next years.

Published
2018
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9. Supernova model discrimination with hyper-kamiokande

Author

Y. Nagao, H. Tanaka, A. Minamino, B. Navarro-Garcia, Z. Xie, L. Nascimento Machado, J. Lagoda, M. Shinoki, S. Cuen-Rochin, Arman Esmaili, F. Ballester, S. Parsa, N. McCauley, Jung-Hyun Kim, K. Frankiewicz, L. L. Kormos, Masaki Ishitsuka, M. Malek, V. Valentino, N. Kazarian, T. Wachala, E. Drakopoulou, G. Grella, V. Paolone, L. F. Thompson, A. K. Tomatani-Sánchez, A. Blanchet, R. A. Wendell, John Ellis, J. Y. Kim, N. W. Prouse, O. V. Mineev, M. R. Vagins, T. Boschi, T. Lindner, J. González-Nuevo, Hiroshi Ito, N. Skrobova, M. La Commara, L. Gialanella, F. Orozco-Luna, T. Kumita, A. Garfagnini, S. H. Jeon, A. Dergacheva, Hiroaki Menjo, A. T. Suzuki, K. Okamoto, C. E. R. Naseby, J. F. Martin, T. Iijima, M. Mezzetto, G. Ricciardi, J. R. Wilson, P. Gumplinger, Y. Takemoto, G. Galinski, K. Zaremba, T. Nakadaira, D. Vivolo, A. Carroll, C. Vilela, A. Blondel, A. Rychter, T. A. Doyle, C. Garde, G. De Rosa, A. Oshlianskyi, Hiroyuki Sekiya, R. Matsumoto, G. Pastuszak, P. J. Rajda, F. Monrabal, Yoichi Asaoka, G. Díaz López, K. L. Stankevich, C. D. Shin, Y. Fukuda, Yuto Ashida, Michal Malinský, T. Suganuma, B. Radics, Kohta Murase, Marco Grassi, P. Mehta, F. Cafagna, Ahmed Ali, L. Koerich, Vincenzo Berardi, Etam Noah, F. J. P. Soler, Alan Cosimo Ruggeri, M. Kekic, G. Vasseur, S. Wronka, M. Thiesse, B. Ferrazzi, K. Iwamoto, Yu. Kudenko, Atsushi Takeda, Kendall Mahn, David Hadley, B. Roskovec, M. Bergevin, A. Korzenev, J.J. Gómez-Cadenas, M. Batkiewicz-Kwasniak, M. Tzanov, M. Ikeda, Federico Sanchez, W. Obrębski, H. S. Jo, Y. Takeuchi, Piotr Kalaczyński, S. Chakraborty, J. C. Nugent, S. King, P. Paganini, M. Miura, F. Ameli, D. N. Yeum, C. J. Metelko, Akito Araya, T. Kajita, M. Tanaka, I. T. Lim, L. Mellet, S. Y. Kim, S. Bolognesi, A. Bravar, J. S. Jang, D. Svirida, A. Fiorentini, J. Renner, M. Chabera, L. O'Sullivan, V. Herrero, F. Iacob, K. Nakamura, Ko Okumura, Lukasz Stawarz, N. Ogawa, Laura Bonavera, Y. Maekawa, Takatomi Yano, Ll. Marti, H. J. Rose, S. El Hedri, L. Maret, G. Zarnecki, L. Bernard, S. H. Seo, H. Nakamura, H. Ozaki, A. P. Kryukov, A. Popov, Hisakazu Minakata, M. Buizza Avanzini, P. Sarmah, K. Martens, Sergio Luis Suárez Gómez, Hiroaki Aihara, V. Lezaun, G. A. Cowan, C. Riccio, S. Garode, R. Akutsu, M. Lamers James, T. Nicholls, I. Alekseev, K. Kowalik, J. Kasperek, T. Zakrzewski, S. B. Kim, T. Kutter, Evan O'Connor, B. Jamieson, F. Nova, M. Barbi, Xianguo Lu, Y. Sonoda, M. Friend, Teppei Katori, L. H. V. Anthony, A. Shaikhiev, C. J. Densham, V. Gousy-Leblanc, I. Bandac, J. H. Choi, S. Sano, A. K. Ichikawa, Magda Cicerchia, S. Valder, S. Roth, J. Kameda, M. Zito, A. Vijayvargi, S. Nakai, Y. Kotsar, K. M. Tsui, K. Hoshina, K. K. Joo, C. Pastore, T. Marchi, K. Niewczas, K. Nakayoshi, G. Fiorillo, C. McGrew, P. F. Loverre, S. Playfer, G.D. Barr, L. Labarga, T. Kobayashi, E. S. Pinzon Guerra, André Rubbia, D. Karlen, Th. A. Mueller, L. Koch, F. J. Mora, M. M. Khabibullin, Hidekazu Kakuno, Yoshitaka Itow, H. K. Tanaka, P. Adrich, Jeong-Eun Lee, S. Samani, M. G. Catanesi, M. Yu, M. J. Wilking, Robert Svoboda, P. Mijakowski, N. Kolev, Yu. Onishchuk, A. Kato, J. M. Poutissou, C. Bronner, Yutaka Nakajima, B. Richards, C. Ruggles, M. Needham, P. Jonsson, Y. Hayato, S. Mine, A. Konaka, L. Munteanu, Kunio Inoue, O. Drapier, Kenneth Long, M. McCarthy, T. Kinoshita, G. Tortone, Yuuki Nakano, T. Feusels, N. Izumi, Reetanjali Moharana, T. Dealtry, S. Hassani, G. Pronost, K. Sakashita, J. G. Learned, H. M. O'Keeffe, Shintaro Ito, E. Rondio, Toru Ogitsu, D. A. Patel, Tatiana Ovsiannikova, M. Guigue, Yusuke Koshio, T. Matsubara, S. M. Stellacci, R. J. Wilkes, G. Santucci, S. Y. Suzuki, S. D. Rountree, K. Zietara, A. A. Quiroga, M. Jakkapu, A. Boiano, L. Berns, M. O. Wascko, M. M. Vyalkov, K. Porwit, M. Taani, A. Evangelisti, I. Sashima, Michal Dziewiecki, J. Feng, Y. Seiya, M. Yonenaga, B. Spisso, B. W. Pointon, C. M. Mollo, N. Booth, S. V. Cao, N. Ospina, A. J. Finch, V. Takhistov, E. Radicioni, P. Przewlocki, S. Nakayama, S. Yen, T. Sekiguchi, Yudai Suwa, J. M. Calvo-Mozota, S. Zsoldos, C. Checchia, M. Posiadala-Zezula, E. O'Sullivan, Janusz Marzec, F. Retiere, Jan T. Sobczyk, P. Migliozzi, S. Borjabad, I. Di Palma, John Hill, K. A. Kouzakov, D. L. Wark, L. Cook, D. Sgalaberna, E. W. Miller, M. Lamoureux, M. Y. Pac, S. Russo, S. L. Cartwright, Yasunari Suzuki, D. Bose, B. Zaldivar, D. Martin, Dongsu Ryu, Z. Shan, S. Miki, M. Jiang, J. Kisiel, N. Yershov, M. Matusiak, C. Pea-Garay, K. Sato, Jesús Daniel Santos, Y. Yamaguchi, D. Bravo-Berguo, Chad Finley, T. Tashiro, Lawrence D. Brown, A. Gorin, Hiromasa Tanaka, M. Ziembicki, T. Vladisavljevic, J. Zalipska, J. Insler, C. Yanagisawa, Abinash Medhi, L. Kravchuk, W. Idrissi Ibnsalih, Hirokazu Ishino, J. Bian, K. Magar, S. Cebrian, Philippe Mermod, R. Gornea, Juan Pedro Ochoa-Ricoux, Sergei Fedotov, S. Izumiyama, C. Bozza, R. Esteve, Seiko Hirota, T. Tsukamoto, K. Skwarczynski, E. De la Fuente, T. Kikawa, M. Gonin, J. Xia, Intae Yu, Gareth J. Barker, A. Marinelli, E. Kearns, L. Lavitola, Michal Ostrowski, N. Deshmukh, Y. Kataoka, F. d. M. Blaszczyk, Carsten Rott, C. Mariani, T. Ishida, Roberto Spina, J. W. Seo, Masashi Yokoyama, F. Gramegna, K. Hultqvist, G. Collazuol, P. Spradlin, Gus Sinnis, A. Takenaka, T. Xin, M. Bellato, Yuki Fujii, Mark Scott, J. A. Hernando-Morata, P. Ferrario, A. Buchowicz, S. J. Jenkins, J. Walker, J. Toledo, Pablo Fernandez, Sandhya Choubey, S. Emery, A. Mefodiev, R.P. Kurjata, M. Mongelli, J. Dumarchez, Tsuyoshi Nakaya, M. Antonova, M. Danilov, M. Feely, A. Holin, Ara Ioannisian, B. A. Popov, K Stopa, W. G. S. Vinning, M. L. Sánchez, Masato Shiozawa, L. Ludovici, J. Gao, S. Bhadra, Koji Ishidoshiro, Hiroshi Nunokawa, V. Aushev, M. Hartz, I. Shimizu, C. S. Moon, M. B. Smy, S. Matsuno, I. Anghel, J. Migenda, T. Mondal, F. Di Lodovico, M. Tada, D. J. Payne, M. Kuze, N. C. Hastings, P. Di Meo, Y. Nishimura, M. Inomoto, L. Magaletti, C. Giganti, A. Klekotko, Patrick Dunne, J. Yoo, M. C. Sanchez, A. N. Khotjantsev, Kyujin Kwak, Lars Eklund, M. Lawe, A. Mitra, H. W. Sobel, Jürgen Pozimski, Yasuhiro Makida, A. Bubak, Jaroslaw Pasternak, B. Quilain, R. Leitner, Marco Laveder, J. P. Coleman, N. F. Calabria, H. I. Jang, S. B. Boyd, Moon Moon Devi, M. Fitton, M. Harada, Artur F. Izmaylov, J. McElwee, Shunsaku Horiuchi, P. de Perio, K. Nakagiri, Y. Kano, M. Rescigno, S. Moriyama, Masayuki Nakahata, C. Pidcott, Y. Uchida, V. Palladino, A. Longhin, A. Shaykina, Michelangelo Pari, Akimichi Taketa, Yuichi Oyama, S. Suvorov, R. P. Litchfield, D. H. Moon, Katsuki Hiraide, M. Pavin, M. Koga, R. B. Vogelaar, Enrique Fernandez-Martinez, B. L. Hartfiel, Koji Yamamoto, K. Ohta, K. Abe, Alexander Studenikin, E. Mazzucato, Elisa Bernardini, Abe, K., Adrich, P., Aihara, H., Akutsu, R., Alekseev, I., Ali, A., Ameli, F., Anghel, I., Anthony, L. H. V., Antonova, M., Araya, A., Asaoka, Y., Ashida, Y., Aushev, V., Ballester, F., Bandac, I., Barbi, M., Barker, G. J., Barr, G., Batkiewicz-Kwasniak, M., Bellato, M., Berardi, V., Bergevin, M., Bernard, L., Bernardini, E., Berns, L., Bhadra, S., Bian, J., Blanchet, A., Blaszczyk, F. D. M., Blondel, A., Boiano, A., Bolognesi, S., Bonavera, L., Booth, N., Borjabad, S., Boschi, T., Bose, D., Boyd, S. B., Bozza, C., Bravar, A., Bravo-Berguo, D., Bronner, C., Brown, L., Bubak, A., Buchowicz, A., Buizza Avanzini, M., Cafagna, F. S., Calabria, N. F., Calvo-Mozota, J. M., Cao, S., Cartwright, S. L., Carroll, A., Catanesi, M. G., Cebrian, S., Chabera, M., Chakraborty, S., Checchia, C., Choi, J. H., Choubey, S., Cicerchia, M., Coleman, J., Collazuol, G., Cook, L., Cowan, G., Cuen-Rochin, S., Danilov, M., Diaz Lopez, G., De La Fuente, E., De Perio, P., De Rosa, G., Dealtry, T., Densham, C. J., Dergacheva, A., Deshmukh, N., Devi, M. M., Di Lodovico, F., Di Meo, P., Di Palma, I., Doyle, T. A., Drakopoulou, E., Drapier, O., Dumarchez, J., Dunne, P., Dziewiecki, M., Eklund, L., El Hedri, S., Ellis, J., Emery, S., Esmaili, A., Esteve, R., Evangelisti, A., Feely, M., Fedotov, S., Feng, J., Fernandez, P., Fernandez-Martinez, E., Ferrario, P., Ferrazzi, B., Feusels, T., Finch, A., Finley, C., Fiorentini, A., Fiorillo, G., Fitton, M., Frankiewicz, K., Friend, M., Fujii, Y., Fukuda, Y., Galinski, G., Gao, J., Garde, C., Garfagnini, A., Garode, S., Gialanella, L., Giganti, C., Gomez-Cadenas, J. J., Gonin, M., Gonzalez-Nuevo, J., Gorin, A., Gornea, R., Gousy-Leblanc, V., Gramegna, F., Grassi, M., Grella, G., Guigue, M., Gumplinger, P., Hadley, D. R., Harada, M., Hartfiel, B., Hartz, M., Hassani, S., Hastings, N. C., Hayato, Y., Hernando-Morata, J. A., Herrero, V., Hill, J., Hiraide, K., Hirota, S., Holin, A., Horiuchi, S., Hoshina, K., Hultqvist, K., Iacob, F., Ichikawa, A. K., Idrissi Ibnsalih, W., Iijima, T., Ikeda, M., Inomoto, M., Inoue, K., Insler, J., Ioannisian, A., Ishida, T., Ishidoshiro, K., Ishino, H., Ishitsuka, M., Ito, H., Ito, S., Itow, Y., Iwamoto, K., Izmaylov, A., Izumi, N., Izumiyama, S., Jakkapu, M., Jamieson, B., Jang, H. I., Jang, J. S., Jenkins, S. J., Jeon, S. H., Jiang, M., Jo, H. S., Jonsson, P., Joo, K. K., Kajita, T., Kakuno, H., Kameda, J., Kano, Y., Kalaczynski, P., Karlen, D., Kasperek, J., Kataoka, Y., Kato, A., Katori, T., Kazarian, N., Kearns, E., Khabibullin, M., Khotjantsev, A., Kikawa, T., Kekic, M., Kim, J. H., Kim, J. Y., Kim, S. B., Kim, S. Y., King, S., Kinoshita, T., Kisiel, J., Klekotko, A., Kobayashi, T., Koch, L., Koga, M., Koerich, L., Kolev, N., Konaka, A., Kormos, L. L., Koshio, Y., Korzenev, A., Kotsar, Y., Kouzakov, K. A., Kowalik, K. L., Kravchuk, L., Kryukov, A. P., Kudenko, Y., Kumita, T., Kurjata, R., Kutter, T., Kuze, M., Kwak, K., La Commara, M., Labarga, L., Lagoda, J., Lamers James, M., Lamoureux, M., Laveder, M., Lavitola, L., Lawe, M., Learned, J. G., Lee, J., Leitner, R., Lezaun, V., Lim, I. T., Lindner, T., Litchfield, R. P., Long, K. R., Longhin, A., Loverre, P., Lu, X., Ludovici, L., Maekawa, Y., Magaletti, L., Magar, K., Mahn, K., Makida, Y., Malek, M., Malinsky, M., Marchi, T., Maret, L., Mariani, C., Marinelli, A., Martens, K., Marti, L., Martin, J. F., Martin, D., Marzec, J., Matsubara, T., Matsumoto, R., Matsuno, S., Matusiak, M., Mazzucato, E., Mccarthy, M., Mccauley, N., Mcelwee, J., Mcgrew, C., Mefodiev, A., Medhi, A., Mehta, P., Mellet, L., Menjo, H., Mermod, P., Metelko, C., Mezzetto, M., Migenda, J., Migliozzi, P., Mijakowski, P., Miki, S., Miller, E. W., Minakata, H., Minamino, A., Mine, S., Mineev, O., Mitra, A., Miura, M., Moharana, R., Mollo, C. M., Mondal, T., Mongelli, M., Monrabal, F., Moon, D. H., Moon, C. S., Mora, F. J., Moriyama, S., Mueller, T. A., Munteanu, L., Murase, K., Nagao, Y., Nakadaira, T., Nakagiri, K., Nakahata, M., Nakai, S., Nakajima, Y., Nakamura, K., Nakamura, K. I., Nakamura, H., Nakano, Y., Nakaya, T., Nakayama, S., Nakayoshi, K., Nascimento Machado, L., Naseby, C. E. R., Navarro-Garcia, B., Needham, M., Nicholls, T., Niewczas, K., Nishimura, Y., Noah, E., Nova, F., Nugent, J. C., Nunokawa, H., Obrebski, W., Ochoa-Ricoux, J. P., O'Connor, E., Ogawa, N., Ogitsu, T., Ohta, K., Okamoto, K., O'Keeffe, H. M., Okumura, K., Onishchuk, Y., Orozco-Luna, F., Oshlianskyi, A., Ospina, N., Ostrowski, M., O'Sullivan, E., O'Sullivan, L., Ovsiannikova, T., Oyama, Y., Ozaki, H., Pac, M. Y., Paganini, P., Palladino, V., Paolone, V., Pari, M., Parsa, S., Pasternak, J., Pastore, C., Pastuszak, G., Patel, D. A., Pavin, M., Payne, D., Pea-Garay, C., Pidcott, C., Pinzon Guerra, E., Playfer, S., Pointon, B. W., Popov, A., Popov, B., Porwit, K., Posiadala-Zezula, M., Poutissou, J. -M., Pozimski, J., Pronost, G., Prouse, N. W., Przewlocki, P., Quilain, B., Quiroga, A. A., Radicioni, E., Radics, B., Rajda, P. J., Renner, J., Rescigno, M., Retiere, F., Ricciardi, G., Riccio, C., Richards, B., Rondio, E., Rose, H. J., Roskovec, B., Roth, S., Rott, C., Rountree, S. D., Rubbia, A., Ruggeri, A. C., Ruggles, C., Russo, S., Rychter, A., Ryu, D., Sakashita, K., Samani, S., Sanchez, F., Sanchez, M. L., Sanchez, M. C., Sano, S., Santos, J. D., Santucci, G., Sarmah, P., Sashima, I., Sato, K., Scott, M., Seiya, Y., Sekiguchi, T., Sekiya, H., Seo, J. W., Seo, S. H., Sgalaberna, D., Shaikhiev, A., Shan, Z., Shaykina, A., Shimizu, I., Shin, C. D., Shinoki, M., Shiozawa, M., Sinnis, G., Skrobova, N., Skwarczynski, K., Smy, M. B., Sobczyk, J., Sobel, H. W., Soler, F. J. P., Sonoda, Y., Spina, R., Spisso, B., Spradlin, P., Stankevich, K. L., Stawarz, L., Stellacci, S. M., Stopa, K., Studenikin, A. I., Suarez Gomez, S. L., Suganuma, T., Suvorov, S., Suwa, Y., Suzuki, A. T., Suzuki, S. Y., Suzuki, Y., Svirida, D., Svoboda, R., Taani, M., Tada, M., Takeda, A., Takemoto, Y., Takenaka, A., Taketa, A., Takeuchi, Y., Takhistov, V., Tanaka, H., Tanaka, H. A., Tanaka, H. I., Tanaka, M., Tashiro, T., Thiesse, M., Thompson, L. F., Toledo, J., Tomatani-Sanchez, A. K., Tortone, G., Tsui, K. M., Tsukamoto, T., Tzanov, M., Uchida, Y., Vagins, M. R., Valder, S., Valentino, V., Vasseur, G., Vijayvargi, A., Vilela, C., Vinning, W. G. S., Vivolo, D., Vladisavljevic, T., Vogelaar, R. B., Vyalkov, M. M., Wachala, T., Walker, J., Wark, D., Wascko, M. O., Wendell, R. A., Wilkes, R. J., Wilking, M. J., Wilson, J. R., Wronka, S., Xia, J., Xie, Z., Xin, T., Yamaguchi, Y., Yamamoto, K., Yanagisawa, C., Yano, T., Yen, S., Yershov, N., Yeum, D. N., Yokoyama, M., Yonenaga, M., Yoo, J., Yu, I., Yu, M., Zakrzewski, T., Zaldivar, B., Zalipska, J., Zaremba, K., Zarnecki, G., Ziembicki, M., Zietara, K., Zito, M., Zsoldos, S., Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet (LLR), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3), Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Énergies (LPNHE (UMR_7585)), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP), Astrophysique Interprétation Modélisation (AIM (UMR_7158 / UMR_E_9005 / UM_112)), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), Hyper-Kamiokande, Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Astrophysique Interprétation Modélisation (AIM (UMR7158 / UMR_E_9005 / UM_112)), and Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, 09.- Desarrollar infraestructuras resilientes, promover la industrialización inclusiva y sostenible, y fomentar la innovación, KAMIOKANDE, Astrophysics, 01 natural sciences, neutrino: flux, High Energy Physics - Experiment, High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex), neutrino, accretion, black hole, [PHYS.HEXP]Physics [physics]/High Energy Physics - Experiment [hep-ex], Core-collapse supernovae, neutron star, Monte Carlo, physics.ins-det, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, astro-ph.HE, High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), Physics, Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det), 16. Peace & justice, Supernova, neutrino: detector, 07.- Asegurar el acceso a energías asequibles, fiables, sostenibles y modernas para todos, supernova, neutrino astronomy, neutrino physics, Neutrino detector, Neutrino, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, supernova: collapse, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, FOS: Physical sciences, Observable universe, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, Hyper-Kamiokande, 0103 physical sciences, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det], High energy physics, Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM), High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics, hep-ex, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, supernova: model, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Galaxy, Black hole, Neutron star, Space and Planetary Science, neutrino: burst, galaxy, Neutrino astronomy, [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], astro-ph.IM
Abstract

Autorzy: Abe K., Adrich P., Aihara H., Akutsu, R., Alekseev I., Ali A. , Ameli F., Anghel I., Anthony L. H. V., Antonova M. , Araya A., Asaoka Y., Ashida Y., Aushev V., Ballester F., Bandac I., Barbi M., Barker G. J., Barr G., Batkiewicz-Kwasniak M., Bellato M., Berardi V., Bergevin M., Bernard L., Bernardini E., Berns L., Bhadra S., Bian J., Blanchet A., Blaszczyk F. d. M., Blonde A., Boiano A., Bolognesi S., Bonavera L., Booth N., Borjabad S., Boschi, T., Bose D., Boyd S . B., Bozza C., Bravar A., Bravo-Berguño D., Bronner C., Brown L., Bubak Arkadiusz, Buchowicz A., Buizza Avanzini M., Cafagna F. S., Calabria N. F., Calvo-Mozota J. M., Cao S., Cartwright S.L., Carroll A., Catanesi M. G., Cebriàn, S., Chabera M., Chakraborty, S., Checchia C., Choi J.H., Choubey S., Cicerchia M., Coleman J., Collazuol G., Cook L., Cowan G., Cuen-Rochin, S., Danilov M., Díaz López G., De la Fuente E., de Perio P., De Rosa G., Dealtry T., Densham C. J., Dergacheva A., Deshmukh N., Devi M. M., Di Lodovico F., Di Meo, P., Di Palma I., Doyle T. A., Drakopoulou E., Drapier O., Dumarchez J., Dunne P., Dziewiecki M., Eklund L., El Hedri S., Ellis J., Emery S., Esmaili A., Esteve R., Evangelisti A., Feely M., Fedotov S., Feng J., Fernandez P., Fernández-Martinez E., Ferrario P., Ferrazzi,B., Feusels T., Finch A., Finley C., Fiorentini A., Fiorillo G., Fitton M., Frankiewicz K., Friend M., Fujii Y., Fukuda Y., Galinski G., Gao J., Garde C., Garfagnini A., Garode S., Gialanella L., Giganti C., Gomez-Cadenas J.J., Gonin M., González-Nuevo J., Gorin A., Gornea R., Gousy-Leblanc V. Gramegna F. Grassi M. Grella G. Guigue M. Gumplinger P. Hadley D.R. Harada M., Hartfiel B., Hartz M., Hassani S., Hastings N.C., Hayato Y., Hernando-Morata J.A., Herrero V., Hill J., Hiraide K., Hirota S., Holin A., Horiuchi S., Hoshina K., Hultqvist K., Iacob F., Ichikawa A.K., Idrissi Ibnsalih W., Iijima T., Ikeda M., Inomoto M., Inoue K., Insler J., Ioannisian A., Ishida T., Ishidoshiro K., Ishino H., Ishitsuka M., Ito H., Ito S., Itow Y., Iwamoto K., Izmaylov A., Izumi N., Izumiyama S., Jakkapu M., Jamieson B., Jang H.I., Jang J.S., Jenkins S.J., Jeon S.H., Jiang M., Jo H.S., Jonsson P., Joo K.K., Kajita T., Kakuno H., Kameda J., Kano Y., Kalaczynski P., Karlen D., Kasperek J., Kataoka Y., Kato A., Katori T., Kazarian N., Kearns E., Khabibullin M., Khotjantsev A., Kikawa T., Kekic M., Kim J.H., Kim J.Y., Kim S.B., Kim S.Y., King S., Kinoshita T., Kisiel Jan, Klekotko A., Kobayashi T., Koch L., Koga M., Koerich L., Kolev N., Konaka A., Kormos L.L., Koshio Y., Korzenev A., Kotsar Y., Kouzakov K.A., Kowalik K.L., Kravchuk L., Kryukov A.P., Kudenko Y., Kumita T., Kurjata R., Kutter T., Kuze M., Kwak K., La Commara M., Labarga L., Lagoda J., Lamers James J., Lamoureux M., Laveder M., Lavitola L., Lawe M., Learned J.G., Lee J., Leitner R., Lezaun V., Lim I.T., Lindner T., Litchfield R.P., Long K.R., Longhin A., Loverre P., Lu X., Ludovici L., Maekawa Y., Magaletti L., Magar K., Mahn K., Makida Y., Malek M., Malinský M., Marchi T., Maret L., Mariani C., Marinelli A., Martens K., Marti L., Martin J.F. Martin D., Marzec J., Matsubara T., Matsumoto R., Matsuno S., Matusiak M., Mazzucato E., McCarthy M., McCauley N., McElwee J., McGrew C., Mefodiev A., Medhi A., Mehta P., Mellet L., Menjo H., Mermod P., Metelko C., Mezzetto M., Migenda J., Migliozzi P., Mijakowski P., Miki S., Miller E.W., Minakata H., Minamino A., Mine S., Mineev O., Mitra A., Miura M., Moharana R., Mollo C.M., Mondal T., Mongelli M., Monrabal F., Moon D.H., Moon C.S., Mora F.J., Moriyama S., Mueller Th.A., Munteanu L., Murase K., Nagao Y., Nakadaira T., Nakagiri K., Nakahata M., Nakai S., Nakajima Y., Nakamura K., Nakamura KI., Nakamura H., Nakano Y., Nakaya T., Nakayama S., Nakayoshi K., Nascimento Machado L., Naseby C.E.R., Navarro-Garcia B., Needham M., Nicholls T., Niewczas K., Nishimura Y., Noah E., Nova F., Nugent J.C., Nunokawa H., Obrebski W., Ochoa-Ricoux J.P., O’Connor E., Ogawa N., Ogitsu T., Ohta K., Okamoto K., O’Keeffe H.M., Okumura K., Onishchuk Y., Orozco-Luna F., Oshlianskyi A., Ospina N., Ostrowski M., O’Sullivan E., O’Sullivan L., Ovsiannikova T., Oyama Y., Ozaki H., Pac M.Y., Paganini P., Palladino V., Paolone V., Pari M., Parsa S., Pasternak J., Pastore C., Pastuszak G., Patel D.A., Pavin M., Payne D., Peña-Garay C., Pidcott C., Pinzon Guerra E., Playfer S., Pointon B.W., Popov A., Popov B., Porwit Kamil, Posiadala-Zezula M., Poutissou J.M., Pozimski J., Pronost G., Prouse N.W., Przewlocki P., Quilain B., Quiroga A.A., Radicioni E., Radics B., Rajda P.J., Renner J., Rescigno M., Retiere F., Ricciardi G., Riccio C., Richards B., Rondio E., Rose H.J., Roskovec B., Roth S., Rott C., Rountree S.D., Rubbia A., Ruggeri A.C., Ruggles C., Russo S., Rychter A., Ryu D., Sakashita K., Samani S., Sánchez F., Sánchez M.L., Sanchez M.C., Sano S., Santos J.D., Santucci G., Sarmah P., Sashima I., Sato K., Scott M., Seiya Y., Sekiguchi T., Sekiya H., Seo J.W., Seo S.H., Sgalaberna D., Shaikhiev A., Shan Z., Shaykina A., Shimizu I., Shin C.D., Shinoki M., Shiozawa M., Sinnis G., Skrobova N., Skwarczynski K., Smy M.B., Sobczyk J., Sobel H.W., Soler F. J. P., Sonoda Y., Spina R., Spisso B., Spradlin B., Stankevich K.L., Stawarz L., Stellacci S.M., Stopa K., Studenikin A.I., Suárez Gómez S.L., Suganuma T., Suvorov S., Suwa Y., Suzuki A.T., Suzuki S.Y., Suzuki Y., Svirida D., Svoboda R., Taani M., Tada M., Takeda A., Takemoto Y., Takenaka A., Taketa A., Takeuchi Y., Takhistov V., Tanaka H., Tanaka H.A., Tanaka H.I., Tanaka M., Tashiro T., Thiesse M., Thompson L.F., Toledo J., Tomatani-Sánchez A.K., Tortone G., Tsui K.M., Tsukamoto T., Tzanov M., Uchida Y., Vagins M.R., Valder S., Valentino V., Vasseur G., Vijayvargi A., Vilela C., Vinning W. G. S., Vivolo D., Vladisavljevic T., Vogelaar R.B., Vyalkov M.M., Wachala T., Walker J., Wark D., Wascko M.O., Wendell R.A., Wilkes R.J., Wilking M.J., Wilson M.R., Wronka S., Xia J., Xie Z., Xin T., Yamaguchi Y., Yamamoto K., Yanagisawa C., Yano T., Yen S., Yershov N., Yeum D.N., Yokoyama M., Yonenaga M., Yoo J., Yu I., Yu M., Zakrzewski T., Zaldivar B., Zalipska J., Zaremba K., Zarnecki G., Ziembicki M., Zietara K., Zito M., Zsoldos S., Core-collapse supernovae are among the most magnificent events in the observable universe. They produce many of the chemical elements necessary for life to exist and their remnants-neutron stars and black holes-are interesting astrophysical objects in their own right. However, despite millennia of observations and almost a century of astrophysical study, the explosion mechanism of core-collapse supernovae is not yet well understood. Hyper-Kamiokande is a next-generation neutrino detector that will be able to observe the neutrino flux from the next galactic core-collapse supernova in unprecedented detail. We focus on the first 500 ms of the neutrino burst, corresponding to the accretion phase, and use a newly-developed, high-precision supernova event generator to simulate Hyper-Kamiokandeʼs response to five different supernova models. We show that Hyper-Kamiokande will be able to distinguish between these models with high accuracy for a supernova at a distance of up to 100 kpc. Once the next galactic supernova happens, this ability will be a powerful tool for guiding simulations toward a precise reproduction of the explosion mechanism observed in nature.

Published
2022

11. A New Code for Relativistic Hydrodynamics and its Application to FR II Radio Jets

Author

Jeongbhin Seo, Hyesung Kang, and Dongsu Ryu

Subjects
Space and Planetary Science, Astronomy and Astrophysics
Abstract

To study the dynamics of relativistic flows in astrophysical objects such as radio jets, we have developed a new special relativistic hydrodynamic (RHD) code based on the weighted essentially non-oscillatory (WENO) scheme, a high-order finite difference scheme. The code includes different WENO versions, and high-order time integration methods such as the 4th-order accurate Runge-Kutta (RK4) and strong stability preserving RK (SSPRK), as well as the equations of state (EOSs) that closely approximate the EOS of the single-component perfect gas in relativistic regime. Additionally, it is optimized for the reproduction of complex structures in multi-dimensional flows, and implements a modification of eigenvalues for the acoustic modes to effectively control carbuncle instability. As the first application of the code, we have simulated ultra-relativistic jets of FR II radio galaxies, and studied the nonlinear flow structures, such as shocks, velocity shear, and turbulence, through large-scale.

Published
2020

12. Limiting the shock acceleration of cosmic ray protons in the ICM

Author

Franco Vazza, Hyesung Kang, D. Wittor, Dongsu Ryu, Wittor, D, Vazza, F, Ryu, D, and Kang, H

Subjects
Shock wave, shock wave, galaxies: clusters: intracluster medium, Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO), MHD, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, FOS: Physical sciences, Cosmic ray, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, Astrophysics, 01 natural sciences, Acceleration, Intracluster medium, 0103 physical sciences, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, acceleration of particle, gamma-rays: galaxies: clusters, Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics, Galaxy cluster, High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), Physics, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Shock (mechanics), Particle acceleration, Space and Planetary Science, Physics::Accelerator Physics, Magnetohydrodynamics, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract

Observations of large-scale radio emissions prove the existence of shock accelerated cosmic-ray electrons in galaxy clusters, while the lack of detected $\gamma$-rays limits the acceleration of cosmic-ray protons in galaxy clusters. This challenges our understanding of how diffusive shock acceleration works. In this work, we couple the most updated recipes for shock acceleration in the intracluster medium to state-of-the-art magneto-hydrodynamical simulations of massive galaxy clusters. Furthermore, we use passive tracer particles to follow the evolution of accelerated cosmic-rays. We show that when the interplay between magnetic field topology and the feedback from accelerated cosmic rays is taken into account, the latest developments of particle acceleration theory give results which are compatible with observational constraints., Comment: published by Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society: Letters, 6 pages, 4 figures

Published
2020

13. ПОИСК НЕЙТРИНО УЛЬТРАВЫСОКИХ ЭНЕРГИЙ ПО ДАННЫМ НАЗЕМНОЙ РЕШЕТКИ ЭКСПЕРИМЕНТА TELESCOPE ARRAY

Author

Taka Tomida, J. Remington, Kenta Yashiro, Yasunori Saito, M. Abe, O. Kalashev, Jonathan Smith, Takeshi Okuda, Igor Tkachev, N. Inoue, M. Ohnishi, Federico R. Urban, Yuichiro Tameda, H. Oda, Akimichi Taketa, T. Suzawa, Naoaki Hayashida, Shingo Kawana, Yasuhiro H. Takahashi, John N. Matthews, Isaac Myers, Vladim Kuzmin, William Hanlon, Elliott Barcikowski, Seok Ho Jeong, K. Nagasawa, B. G. Cheon, Hidemi Ito, Fumiya Shibata, Zach Zundel, J. Yang, S. Kitamura, Dmitri Ivanov, Keijiro Mukai, R. Sahara, John Belz, Y. J. Kwon, Hideyuki Ohoka, Fumio Kakimoto, Toshiyuki Nonaka, Toshitsugu Fujii, Daisuke Ikeda, R. Ishimori, Yuta Tanoue, D. R. Bergman, S. R. Stratton, G. Furlich, Takaaki Ishii, Tiffany Wong, Hideki Tanaka, K. Kadota, Inkyu Park, Motoki Hayashi, Hisono Tokuno, T. K. Sako, J. P. Lundquist, D. C. Rodriguez, Ben Stokes, Toru Nakamura, K. Yamazaki, Hongsu Kim, S. B. Thomas, Masahiro Fukushima, S. Kawakami, K. Hibino, Pierre Sokolsky, Ryo Nakamura, K. H. Lee, Jihee Kim, T.-A. Shibata, Eiji Kido, M. V. Kuznetsov, Kazuhiro Machida, Hiroshi Yamaoka, Keitaro Fujita, M. Takeda, Shigehiro Nagataki, Yana Zhezher, Y. Uchihori, Kei Nakai, Kohei Yada, Gordon Thomson, Tom Stroman, Robert Cady, Kazuo Saito, Charlie Jui, BayarJon Paul Lubsandorzhiev, Hiroyuki Sagawa, Mayuko Minamino, Michiyuki Chikawa, K. Honda, Yasunori Kitamura, Grigory Rubtsov, Masaaki Tanaka, Kalen Martens, M. Takita, H. Yoshii, Bokkyun Shin, Koichi Sekino, Kiyoshi Tanaka, Maxim Pshirkov, Jyunsei Chiba, P. Tinyakov, Dongsu Ryu, Y. Omura, Mai Takamura, Y. Takagi, Samuel Blake, Shoichi Ogio, Priti Shah, Ryuji Takeishi, J. Ogura, M. Allen, K. Kasahara, Shoichi Kishigami, Akitoshi Oshima, Y. Tsunesada, Hideaki Shimodaira, Hyoming Jeong, Masaomi Ono, K. Tsutsumi, Rasha Abbasi, Tareq Abu-Zayyad, L. M. Scott, Y. Hayashi, K. Kawata, M. Yamamoto, Nobuyuki Sakurai, Ryota Onogi, J. H. Kim, A. Di Matteo, Ryota Fujiwara, R. Mayta, Heungsu Shin, Naoto Sakaki, Shigeharu Udo, R. Azuma, H. Kawai, T. Seki, T. Matsuyama, S. Ozawa, and Sergey Troitsky

Subjects
General Physics and Astronomy
Published
2020

14. Cosmic Ray Acceleration and Nonthermal Radiation at Accretion Shocks in the Outer Regions of Galaxy Clusters

Author

Ji-Hoon Ha, Dongsu Ryu, and Hyesung Kang

Subjects
High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), Space and Planetary Science, FOS: Physical sciences, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Abstract

Cosmology models predict that external accretion shocks form in the outer region of galaxy clusters due to supersonic gas infall from filaments and voids in the cosmic web. They are characterized by high sonic and Alfv\'enic Mach numbers, $M_s\sim10-10^2$ and $M_A\sim10^2-10^3$, and propagate into weakly magnetized plasmas of $\beta\equiv P_g/P_B\gtrsim10^2$. Although strong accretion shocks are expected to be efficient accelerators of cosmic rays (CRs), nonthermal signatures of shock-accelerated CRs around clusters have not been confirmed, and detailed acceleration physics at such shocks has yet to be understood. In this study, we first establish through two-dimensional particle-in-cell simulations that at strong high-$\beta$ shocks electrons can be pre-energized via stochastic Fermi acceleration owing to the ion-Weibel instability in the shock transition region, possibly followed by injection into diffusive shock acceleration. Hence, we propose that the models derived from conventional thermal leakage injection may be employed for the acceleration of electrons and ions at accretion shocks as well. Applying these analytic models to numerical shock zones identified in structure formation simulations, we estimate nonthermal radiation, such as synchrotron and inverse-Compton (IC) emission due to CR electrons, and $\pi^0$-decay $\gamma$-rays due to CR protons, around simulated clusters. Our models with the injection parameter, $Q\approx3.5-3.8$, predict synthetic synchrotron maps, which seem consistent with recent radio observations of the Coma cluster. However, the detection of nonthermal IC X-rays and $\gamma$-rays from accretion shocks would be quite challenging. We suggest that the proposed analytic models may be adopted as generic recipes for CR production at cosmological shocks., Comment: 21 pages, 12 figures

Published
2022
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16. Electron Preacceleration at Weak Quasi-perpendicular Intracluster Shocks: Effects of Preexisting Nonthermal Electrons

Author

Ji-Hoon Ha, Dongsu Ryu, Hyesung Kang, and Sunjung Kim

Subjects
High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), Space and Planetary Science, Physics::Plasma Physics, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Physics::Space Physics, FOS: Physical sciences, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics
Abstract

Radio relics in the outskirts of galaxy clusters imply the diffusive shock acceleration (DSA) of electrons at merger-driven shocks with Mach number $M_{s}\lesssim3-4$ in the intracluster medium (ICM). Recent studies have suggested that electron preacceleration and injection, prerequisite steps for DSA, could occur at supercritical shocks with $M_{s}\gtrsim2.3$ in the ICM, thanks to the generation of multiscale waves by microinstabilities such as the Alfv\'en ion cyclotron (AIC) instability, the electron firehose instability (EFI), and the whistler instability (WI). On the other hand, some relics are observed to have subcritical shocks with $M_{s}\lesssim2.3$, leaving DSA at such weak shocks as an outstanding problem. Reacceleration of preexisting nonthermal electrons has been contemplated as one of possible solutions for that puzzle. To explore this idea, we perform Particle-in-Cell (PIC) simulations for weak quasi-perpendicular shocks in high-$\beta$ ($\beta=P_{\rm gas}/P_{B}$) plasmas with power-law suprathermal electrons in addition to Maxwellian thermal electrons. We find that suprathermal electrons enhance the excitation of electron-scale waves via the EFI and WI. However, they do not affect the ion reflection and the ensuing generation of ion-scale waves via the AIC instability. The presence of ion-scale waves is the key for the preacceleration of electrons up to the injection momentum, thus the shock criticality condition for electron injection to DSA is preserved. Based on the results, we conclude that preexisting nonthermal electrons in the preshock region alone would not resolve the issue of electron preacceleration at subcritical ICM shocks., Comment: 12 pages, 7 figures, to appear in ApJ

Published
2021

17. Study on the cosmic ray intensity variation using scintillation counters for air shower observation

Author

Ryuji Takeishi, Daiki Shinto, Priti Shah, Michiyuki Chikawa, Ryo Nakamura, Shingo Kawana, Rasha Abbasi, Masahiro Takeda, Ken Honda, Takashi Sako, M. Ohnishi, Taichi Inadomi, Kinya Hibino, William Hanlon, Sergey Troitsky, Fumiya Shibata, Saori Kasami, G. Furlich, Takaaki Ishii, Aoi Iwasaki, Taka Tomida, Jyunsei Chiba, Dongsu Ryu, Fugo Yoshida, J. Remington, Ben Stokes, Min Hyo Kim, Koki Sato, Zach Zundel, Matt Potts, Kenta Yashiro, Hirokazu Iwakura, Kengo Sano, Federico R. Urban, Nobuyuki Sakurai, Y. Takagi, D. C. Rodriguez, HangBae Kim, Vladim Kuzmin, Hideki Tanaka, Shinnosuke Kurisu, Keitaro Fujita, Shigeharu Udo, Hisono Tokuno, Hideaki Shimodaira, Hyoming Jeong, Takeshi Okuda, Igor Tkachev, Naohiro Sone, Naoaki Hayashida, Tatsunobu Shibata, H. Oda, Ivan Kharuk, Ryuhei Arimura, S. Kawakami, Stanton Thomas, Akitoshi Oshima, Ryota Fujiwara, Toshiyuki Nonaka, Ryo Higuchi, Shunsuke Ozawa, Yuta Tanoue, Ricardo Gonzalez, Yoshiki Tsunesada, Daisuke Ikeda, Naoto Sakaki, Katsuaki Kasahara, Pierre Sokolsky, Yuya Oku, Arata Nakazawa, Katsumasa Kawata, Charlie Jui, Motoki Hayashi, Shigehiro Nagataki, Oleg Kalashev, Tiffany Wong, Samuel Blake, Hirotaka Ito, Shoichi Ogio, Yana Zhezher, Hiroyuki Sagawa, Kei Nakai, BayarJon Paul Lubsandorzhiev, Sang Woo Kim, Masaki Fukushima, Fumio Kakimoto, M. Yamamoto, Yuichiro Tameda, Heungsu Shin, Mayuko Minamino, K. Yamazaki, Kozo Fujisue, Jeremy Smith, Tareq Abu-Zayyad, John Matthews, Tsubasa Yoshioka, Koichi Tanaka, J. Yang, Tomoyuki Nakamura, Yukio Uchihori, Toru Nakamura, Koichi Sekino, Jon Paul Lundquist, Kenichi Kadota, Youngjoon Kwon, John Belz, Akimichi Taketa, Eiji Nishio, P. Tinyakov, Il Hung Park, Masato Takita, Ryota Fukushima, Ryota Onogi, J. H. Kim, Mikhail Kuznetsov, Maxim Pshirkov, Y. Takahashi, Mai Takamura, Yuto Arai, Isaac Myers, Hideyuki Kawai, Yuma Shibasaki, R. Mayta, Douglas Bergman, Grigory Rubtsov, Ryosuke Tsuda, Soomin Jeong, R. Sahara, T. Seki, Naoya Inoue, Yasunori Saito, Hiroyuki Matsumiya, Takafumi Uehama, Eiji Kido, Kazuhiro Machida, Telescope Array, Shoichi Kishigami, Masaomi Ono, Norimichi Shibata, Y. Omura, Monica Allen, Bokkyun Shin, ByongGu Cheon, Elliott Barcikowski, Dmitri Ivanov, Keijiro Mukai, Hideyuki Ohoka, Yusuke Kimura, Toshio Matsuyama, Manobu Tanaka, K. H. Lee, Jihee Kim, Gordon Thomson, Tom Stroman, Robert Cady, Toshihiro Fujii, Yuto Kubota, Y. Nakamura, and Kohei Yada

Subjects
Physics, Air shower, Scintillation counter, Cosmic ray, Astrophysics, Variation (astronomy), Intensity (heat transfer)
Published
2021

18. Anisotropy search in the Ultra High Energy Cosmic Ray Spectrum in the Northern Hemisphere using latest data obtained with Telescope Array surface detector

Author

Grigory Rubtsov, John Matthews, Norimichi Shibata, Y. Omura, J. Yang, Fumiya Shibata, Shingo Kawana, M. Ohnishi, Taichi Inadomi, Matt Potts, William Hanlon, Monica Allen, Bokkyun Shin, Fugo Yoshida, Yuma Shibasaki, ByongGu Cheon, Ben Stokes, Douglas Bergman, Jyunsei Chiba, Dongsu Ryu, Toshihiro Fujii, Koki Sato, Yasunori Saito, M. Yamamoto, Hirokazu Iwakura, Y. Takagi, Ryuhei Arimura, Hideyuki Ohoka, Yuto Kubota, Federico R. Urban, Nobuyuki Sakurai, Kengo Sano, Mikhail Kuznetsov, Heungsu Shin, Ivan Kharuk, Yukio Uchihori, Keitaro Fujita, K. H. Lee, Jihee Kim, Yoshiki Tsunesada, Daisuke Ikeda, Hirotaka Ito, Sergey Troitsky, Yuto Arai, Ryota Onogi, J. H. Kim, Maxim Pshirkov, Takeshi Okuda, Y. Nakamura, Kohei Yada, Charlie Jui, BayarJon Paul Lubsandorzhiev, Mayuko Minamino, Hiroyuki Matsumiya, Igor Tkachev, R. Mayta, Hideki Tanaka, Naohiro Sone, Ryosuke Tsuda, Tiffany Wong, Taka Tomida, J. Remington, Masaki Fukushima, Takafumi Uehama, Aoi Iwasaki, Daiki Shinto, Hideaki Shimodaira, Hyoming Jeong, Shoichi Kishigami, Soomin Jeong, Shigeharu Udo, Eiji Kido, Hiroyuki Sagawa, Takashi Sako, Ryo Higuchi, Hisono Tokuno, H. Oda, Gordon Thomson, Tom Stroman, Priti Shah, Ryo Nakamura, Robert Cady, Kazuhiro Machida, Masahiro Takeda, Pierre Sokolsky, Naoaki Hayashida, Ken Honda, Tatsunobu Shibata, T. Seki, G. Furlich, Takaaki Ishii, R. Sahara, Fumio Kakimoto, Naoya Inoue, Akitoshi Oshima, Vladim Kuzmin, Ryuji Takeishi, Ryota Fukushima, Shigehiro Nagataki, Shunsuke Ozawa, K. Yamazaki, Masaomi Ono, Elliott Barcikowski, Toshiyuki Nonaka, Saori Kasami, Tareq Abu-Zayyad, Zach Zundel, Yana Zhezher, Kenta Yashiro, Dmitri Ivanov, D. C. Rodriguez, Ricardo Gonzalez, Samuel Blake, Sang Woo Kim, Kinya Hibino, Shoichi Ogio, Keijiro Mukai, HangBae Kim, Yusuke Kimura, Rasha Abbasi, Koichi Tanaka, Yuya Oku, Michiyuki Chikawa, Jon Paul Lundquist, Katsuaki Kasahara, Stanton Thomas, Katsumasa Kawata, Oleg Kalashev, Yuichiro Tameda, Tomoyuki Nakamura, Tsubasa Yoshioka, Arata Nakazawa, Masato Takita, Toru Nakamura, Telescope Array, Min Hyo Kim, Toshio Matsuyama, Kei Nakai, Ryota Fujiwara, Kenichi Kadota, Manobu Tanaka, Il Hung Park, Naoto Sakaki, S. Kawakami, Akimichi Taketa, Eiji Nishio, Hideyuki Kawai, Shinnosuke Kurisu, Jeremy Smith, Isaac Myers, Youngjoon Kwon, John Belz, Koichi Sekino, P. Tinyakov, Y. Takahashi, Mai Takamura, Yuta Tanoue, Motoki Hayashi, and Kozo Fujisue

Subjects
Surface (mathematics), Telescope, Physics, law, Detector, Northern Hemisphere, Astrophysics, Ultra-high-energy cosmic ray, Anisotropy, law.invention
Published
2021

19. The measurements of the cosmic ray energy spectrum and the depth of maximum shower development of Telescope Array Hybrid trigger events

Author

Katsuaki Kasahara, Shinnosuke Kurisu, Katsumasa Kawata, Shingo Kawana, William Hanlon, Tsubasa Yoshioka, R. Sahara, Hideaki Shimodaira, Hyoming Jeong, Ryo Higuchi, Norimichi Shibata, Monica Allen, Bokkyun Shin, Jeremy Smith, Y. Omura, Vladim Kuzmin, G. Furlich, Takaaki Ishii, Akimichi Taketa, Toshio Matsuyama, Eiji Nishio, ByongGu Cheon, K. Yamazaki, Tareq Abu-Zayyad, Toshiyuki Nonaka, Hideyuki Ohoka, D. C. Rodriguez, Fumiya Shibata, Hiroyuki Matsumiya, Fugo Yoshida, HangBae Kim, Hiroyuki Sagawa, Ricardo Gonzalez, Pierre Sokolsky, Tatsunobu Shibata, Hideyuki Kawai, Takafumi Uehama, Manobu Tanaka, Rasha Abbasi, Takeshi Okuda, Youngjoon Kwon, John Belz, Yuma Shibasaki, Shigehiro Nagataki, Matt Potts, Yana Zhezher, Mikhail Kuznetsov, Akitoshi Oshima, Igor Tkachev, Sang Woo Kim, Eiji Kido, Koichi Tanaka, K. H. Lee, Jihee Kim, Kazuhiro Machida, Isaac Myers, Naohiro Sone, Shunsuke Ozawa, Hideki Tanaka, Heungsu Shin, Douglas Bergman, Gordon Thomson, Ryo Nakamura, Jon Paul Lundquist, Tom Stroman, Robert Cady, Yuta Tanoue, Ben Stokes, H. Oda, Grigory Rubtsov, Tomoyuki Nakamura, Yasunori Saito, Yuto Arai, Motoki Hayashi, Ryota Fujiwara, Federico R. Urban, Nobuyuki Sakurai, Ryosuke Tsuda, Hirotaka Ito, Hisono Tokuno, Elliott Barcikowski, Charlie Jui, Soomin Jeong, Naoto Sakaki, Kozo Fujisue, BayarJon Paul Lubsandorzhiev, Mayuko Minamino, Yuya Oku, Oleg Kalashev, Dmitri Ivanov, Fumio Kakimoto, Arata Nakazawa, Kenta Yashiro, Kei Nakai, T. Seki, Naoya Inoue, Keijiro Mukai, Min Hyo Kim, Yusuke Kimura, S. Kawakami, Stanton Thomas, M. Ohnishi, Taichi Inadomi, Koki Sato, Sergey Troitsky, Kengo Sano, Aoi Iwasaki, Toshihiro Fujii, Michiyuki Chikawa, Toru Nakamura, Taka Tomida, J. Remington, Kenichi Kadota, Yuto Kubota, Il Hung Park, Saori Kasami, Y. Nakamura, Kohei Yada, Koichi Sekino, Naoaki Hayashida, P. Tinyakov, Ryuji Takeishi, Ryuhei Arimura, Yoshiki Tsunesada, Daisuke Ikeda, Tiffany Wong, Masaki Fukushima, Takashi Sako, Zach Zundel, John Matthews, J. Yang, Daiki Shinto, Priti Shah, Jyunsei Chiba, Dongsu Ryu, Masahiro Takeda, Ken Honda, Hirokazu Iwakura, Y. Takagi, Shigeharu Udo, Keitaro Fujita, Ryota Fukushima, Ivan Kharuk, M. Yamamoto, Yukio Uchihori, Ryota Onogi, J. H. Kim, R. Mayta, Kinya Hibino, Yuichiro Tameda, Masato Takita, Shoichi Kishigami, Y. Takahashi, Mai Takamura, Masaomi Ono, Telescope Array, Samuel Blake, Shoichi Ogio, and Maxim Pshirkov

Subjects
Telescope, Physics, Shower, law, Energy spectrum, Astronomy, Cosmic ray, law.invention
Published
2021

20. Cosmic ray energy spectrum in the 2nd knee region measured by the TALE-SD array

Author

Taka Tomida, J. Remington, G. Furlich, Takaaki Ishii, D. C. Rodriguez, Stanton Thomas, Hideki Tanaka, HangBae Kim, Fumiya Shibata, Naoaki Hayashida, Hiroyuki Matsumiya, ByongGu Cheon, Fugo Yoshida, Michiyuki Chikawa, Pierre Sokolsky, Shigehiro Nagataki, Yana Zhezher, Isaac Myers, Maxim Pshirkov, Sang Woo Kim, Matt Potts, Telescope Array, Hisono Tokuno, Ryuhei Arimura, Vladim Kuzmin, Daiki Shinto, Toru Nakamura, Takafumi Uehama, Koichi Sekino, Tomoyuki Nakamura, Takeshi Okuda, P. Tinyakov, Heungsu Shin, R. Sahara, Aoi Iwasaki, Yoshiki Tsunesada, Kenichi Kadota, Priti Shah, Daisuke Ikeda, Igor Tkachev, Il Hung Park, Toshiyuki Nonaka, Hideyuki Ohoka, Shoichi Kishigami, Rasha Abbasi, Masahiro Takeda, Naohiro Sone, Arata Nakazawa, Y. Takahashi, Mai Takamura, Ricardo Gonzalez, Tiffany Wong, Eiji Kido, Kei Nakai, Ben Stokes, Kazuhiro Machida, Masaki Fukushima, Ken Honda, H. Oda, Katsuaki Kasahara, Masaomi Ono, Yuto Arai, Toshihiro Fujii, Jyunsei Chiba, Katsumasa Kawata, Takashi Sako, Charlie Jui, Yuta Tanoue, Dongsu Ryu, Federico R. Urban, Nobuyuki Sakurai, Motoki Hayashi, BayarJon Paul Lubsandorzhiev, Mayuko Minamino, Kenta Yashiro, Yuto Kubota, Saori Kasami, Kozo Fujisue, Tsubasa Yoshioka, John Matthews, Hirokazu Iwakura, Shingo Kawana, Y. Takagi, Ryosuke Tsuda, Soomin Jeong, Yasunori Saito, Zach Zundel, J. Yang, William Hanlon, Fumio Kakimoto, Grigory Rubtsov, Ryuji Takeishi, Tatsunobu Shibata, Samuel Blake, Shoichi Ogio, T. Seki, Akitoshi Oshima, Yuya Oku, M. Ohnishi, Ryota Fujiwara, Taichi Inadomi, Y. Nakamura, Oleg Kalashev, Kohei Yada, Keitaro Fujita, Shunsuke Ozawa, Koki Sato, Yuichiro Tameda, Monica Allen, Bokkyun Shin, Naoto Sakaki, Naoya Inoue, Kengo Sano, Ryota Fukushima, Hirotaka Ito, Youngjoon Kwon, Ivan Kharuk, Masato Takita, John Belz, Norimichi Shibata, Y. Omura, Elliott Barcikowski, Dmitri Ivanov, Keijiro Mukai, Yusuke Kimura, Hideaki Shimodaira, Hyoming Jeong, Kinya Hibino, Ryo Higuchi, Toshio Matsuyama, K. Yamazaki, Tareq Abu-Zayyad, Manobu Tanaka, K. H. Lee, Jihee Kim, Gordon Thomson, Tom Stroman, Akimichi Taketa, Robert Cady, Mikhail Kuznetsov, Eiji Nishio, M. Yamamoto, Yukio Uchihori, Ryota Onogi, J. H. Kim, R. Mayta, Shigeharu Udo, Hideyuki Kawai, Shinnosuke Kurisu, Ryo Nakamura, Jeremy Smith, Yuma Shibasaki, Min Hyo Kim, Douglas Bergman, S. Kawakami, Hiroyuki Sagawa, Koichi Tanaka, Jon Paul Lundquist, and Sergey Troitsky

Subjects
Physics, Energy spectrum, Cosmic ray, Knee region, Astrophysics
Published
2021

21. Cosmic Ray Composition between 2 PeV and 2 EeV measured by the TALE Fluorescence Detector

Author

Shigeharu Udo, Daiki Shinto, Fumiya Shibata, Priti Shah, Stanton Thomas, Norimichi Shibata, Y. Omura, Matt Potts, Masahiro Takeda, Ken Honda, Ryo Nakamura, Youngjoon Kwon, Vladim Kuzmin, John Belz, Telescope Array, Yasunori Saito, Shinnosuke Kurisu, Yuta Tanoue, Motoki Hayashi, Tatsunobu Shibata, ByongGu Cheon, Saori Kasami, M. Yamamoto, Takeshi Okuda, Igor Tkachev, Naohiro Sone, Fumio Kakimoto, John N. Matthews, K. H. Lee, Jihee Kim, Tomoyuki Nakamura, Yukio Uchihori, J. P. Lundquist, Akitoshi Oshima, Hideyuki Ohoka, Michiyuki Chikawa, Toru Nakamura, Fugo Yoshida, Ryota Onogi, J. H. Kim, Keitaro Fujita, Kozo Fujisue, Hideki Tanaka, Shunsuke Ozawa, Jeremy Smith, Kenichi Kadota, Il Hung Park, H. Oda, Takashi Sako, Charlie Jui, Hiroyuki Matsumiya, R. Mayta, Shoichi Kishigami, Akimichi Taketa, Gordon Thomson, Hisono Tokuno, BayarJon Paul Lubsandorzhiev, Mayuko Minamino, Takafumi Uehama, Ryota Fujiwara, Eiji Nishio, Sergey Troitsky, Kinya Hibino, Min Hyo Kim, Masaomi Ono, Maxim Pshirkov, Tom Stroman, Robert Cady, Pierre Sokolsky, Taka Tomida, Shingo Kawana, Eiji Kido, Kazuhiro Machida, J. Remington, Naoto Sakaki, Katsuaki Kasahara, Shigehiro Nagataki, Yana Zhezher, M. Ohnishi, Taichi Inadomi, Yuto Kubota, Zach Zundel, Ben Stokes, William Hanlon, Sang Woo Kim, Koki Sato, Federico R. Urban, Nobuyuki Sakurai, Hideyuki Kawai, Yuma Shibasaki, Ryuhei Arimura, Katsumasa Kawata, J. Yang, Koichi Sekino, Monica Allen, Bokkyun Shin, Naoaki Hayashida, Kengo Sano, P. Tinyakov, Yoshiki Tsunesada, Daisuke Ikeda, Y. Nakamura, Douglas Bergman, Kohei Yada, S. Kawakami, Kenta Yashiro, Y. Takahashi, Mai Takamura, Tiffany Wong, Heungsu Shin, Tsubasa Yoshioka, Masaki Fukushima, Yuya Oku, Oleg Kalashev, Hiroyuki Sagawa, Samuel Blake, Shoichi Ogio, Toshiyuki Nonaka, Ricardo Gonzalez, Yuichiro Tameda, Yuto Arai, Koichi Tanaka, Rasha Abbasi, T. Fujii, Masato Takita, Toshio Matsuyama, Elliott Barcikowski, Dmitri Ivanov, Keijiro Mukai, Manobu Tanaka, Yusuke Kimura, Ryosuke Tsuda, Soomin Jeong, T. Seki, Naoya Inoue, Arata Nakazawa, Kei Nakai, G. Furlich, Takaaki Ishii, D. C. Rodriguez, HangBae Kim, Isaac Myers, Hideaki Shimodaira, Hyoming Jeong, Ryo Higuchi, K. Yamazaki, Tareq Abu-Zayyad, Mikhail Kuznetsov, Grigory Rubtsov, Hirotaka Ito, Aoi Iwasaki, Ivan Kharuk, Ryuji Takeishi, R. Sahara, Ryota Fukushima, Jyunsei Chiba, Dongsu Ryu, Hirokazu Iwakura, and Y. Takagi

Subjects
Physics, Cosmic ray, Astrophysics, Fluorescence spectroscopy
Published
2021

22. The status of the TALE surface detector array and TALE infill project

Author

Takashi Sako, Zach Zundel, Shigeharu Udo, Kenta Yashiro, Toru Nakamura, Kenichi Kadota, Il Hung Park, Min Hyo Kim, Ryo Nakamura, Tatsunobu Shibata, R. Sahara, Noemie Globus, Elliott Barcikowski, S. Kawakami, Akitoshi Oshima, Dmitri Ivanov, Grigory Rubtsov, Fugo Yoshida, Shunsuke Ozawa, Keijiro Mukai, Charlie Jui, BayarJon Paul Lubsandorzhiev, Yusuke Kimura, Fumio Kakimoto, Mayuko Minamino, Saori Kasami, G. Furlich, Takaaki Ishii, Norimichi Shibata, Fumiya Shibata, Hiroyuki Sagawa, Y. Omura, D. C. Rodriguez, Matt Potts, Aoi Iwasaki, HangBae Kim, Koichi Tanaka, Jon Paul Lundquist, Ryota Fukushima, Monica Allen, Bokkyun Shin, Yuya Oku, Ryuji Takeishi, Vladim Kuzmin, Oleg Kalashev, Telescope Array, M. Yamamoto, Youngjoon Kwon, Arata Nakazawa, John Belz, Kei Nakai, Yukio Uchihori, Stanton Thomas, Yasunori Saito, Maxim Pshirkov, Michiyuki Chikawa, Ben Stokes, Ryota Onogi, J. H. Kim, Hirotaka Ito, R. Mayta, Ryuhei Arimura, Shoichi Kishigami, Pierre Sokolsky, Federico R. Urban, Nobuyuki Sakurai, Hideki Tanaka, Kinya Hibino, Yoshiki Tsunesada, Shigehiro Nagataki, Yana Zhezher, Masaomi Ono, Sang Woo Kim, Sergey Troitsky, Hisono Tokuno, Taka Tomida, J. Remington, Rasha Abbasi, M. Ohnishi, Taichi Inadomi, Naoaki Hayashida, Hideaki Shimodaira, Hyoming Jeong, Isaac Myers, Koki Sato, Ryo Higuchi, Toshihiro Fujii, Tomoyuki Nakamura, Hiroyuki Matsumiya, Ryota Fujiwara, Takafumi Uehama, ByongGu Cheon, Yuto Kubota, Eiji Kido, Naoto Sakaki, Kazuhiro Machida, Kengo Sano, Katsuaki Kasahara, K. Yamazaki, Katsumasa Kawata, Tareq Abu-Zayyad, Tsubasa Yoshioka, Takeshi Okuda, Igor Tkachev, Y. Nakamura, Kohei Yada, Naohiro Sone, Mikhail Kuznetsov, Hideyuki Ohoka, H. Oda, Akimichi Taketa, Eiji Nishio, Ivan Kharuk, Hideyuki Kawai, Yuma Shibasaki, Jyunsei Chiba, Dongsu Ryu, Hirokazu Iwakura, Y. Takagi, Douglas Bergman, Shinnosuke Kurisu, Jeremy Smith, Toshio Matsuyama, K. H. Lee, Jihee Kim, Gordon Thomson, Tom Stroman, Robert Cady, Manobu Tanaka, Keitaro Fujita, Daiki Shinto, Priti Shah, Masahiro Takeda, Ken Honda, John Matthews, J. Yang, Koichi Sekino, P. Tinyakov, Y. Takahashi, Mai Takamura, Daisuke Ikeda, Tiffany Wong, Masaki Fukushima, Yuta Tanoue, Motoki Hayashi, Heungsu Shin, Kozo Fujisue, Yuto Arai, Ryosuke Tsuda, Soomin Jeong, Shingo Kawana, William Hanlon, T. Seki, Toshiyuki Nonaka, Ricardo Gonzalez, Naoya Inoue, Yuichiro Tameda, Masato Takita, Samuel Blake, and Shoichi Ogio

Subjects
Surface (mathematics), Optics, business.industry, Infill, Detector array, business, Geology
Published
2021

23. Current status and prospects of surface detector of the TAx4 experiment

Author

Katsumasa Kawata, Grigory Rubtsov, Tsubasa Yoshioka, Tatsunobu Shibata, Yuichiro Tameda, Kenta Yashiro, Akitoshi Oshima, Fugo Yoshida, Jyunsei Chiba, Ryosuke Tsuda, Soomin Jeong, M. Yamamoto, Ryo Nakamura, Shunsuke Ozawa, Dongsu Ryu, Takashi Sako, Shingo Kawana, Hirokazu Iwakura, Y. Takagi, ByongGu Cheon, T. Seki, Naoya Inoue, Yukio Uchihori, Hideaki Shimodaira, Hyoming Jeong, Hideki Tanaka, Aoi Iwasaki, John Matthews, Ryota Onogi, J. H. Kim, William Hanlon, Ryo Higuchi, Fumiya Shibata, J. Yang, Hisono Tokuno, Masato Takita, Akimichi Taketa, M. Ohnishi, Taichi Inadomi, Hideyuki Ohoka, Ryota Fujiwara, Youngjoon Kwon, John Belz, R. Mayta, Yuta Tanoue, Koki Sato, Eiji Nishio, Motoki Hayashi, Naoto Sakaki, Ryota Fukushima, Matt Potts, Ivan Kharuk, K. Yamazaki, Ben Stokes, Sergey Troitsky, Min Hyo Kim, Tareq Abu-Zayyad, Kengo Sano, Kozo Fujisue, Zach Zundel, Kinya Hibino, Saori Kasami, Toru Nakamura, R. Sahara, Taka Tomida, J. Remington, Federico R. Urban, Nobuyuki Sakurai, Takeshi Okuda, Igor Tkachev, Naohiro Sone, Samuel Blake, Shoichi Ogio, Kenichi Kadota, Il Hung Park, Hideyuki Kawai, Rasha Abbasi, Keitaro Fujita, Koichi Sekino, H. Oda, Mikhail Kuznetsov, Heungsu Shin, Shinnosuke Kurisu, Toshiyuki Nonaka, Ricardo Gonzalez, P. Tinyakov, S. Kawakami, Charlie Jui, Fumio Kakimoto, Yuto Arai, Naoaki Hayashida, Shigeharu Udo, Yuya Oku, Michiyuki Chikawa, Oleg Kalashev, BayarJon Paul Lubsandorzhiev, Mayuko Minamino, Y. Takahashi, Mai Takamura, Jeremy Smith, Ryuhei Arimura, Daiki Shinto, Monica Allen, Bokkyun Shin, Yuma Shibasaki, Priti Shah, Hiroyuki Sagawa, Masahiro Takeda, Vladim Kuzmin, Yoshiki Tsunesada, Daisuke Ikeda, Ken Honda, Toshio Matsuyama, Douglas Bergman, Tiffany Wong, Koichi Tanaka, Masaki Fukushima, Jon Paul Lundquist, Elliott Barcikowski, Dmitri Ivanov, Keijiro Mukai, Yusuke Kimura, Manobu Tanaka, K. H. Lee, Jihee Kim, Maxim Pshirkov, Gordon Thomson, Toshihiro Fujii, Tom Stroman, Robert Cady, Yuto Kubota, Y. Nakamura, Kohei Yada, Pierre Sokolsky, Shigehiro Nagataki, Shoichi Kishigami, Yana Zhezher, Sang Woo Kim, Masaomi Ono, Telescope Array, Tomoyuki Nakamura, Stanton Thomas, Hiroyuki Matsumiya, Takafumi Uehama, Eiji Kido, Kazuhiro Machida, Yasunori Saito, Isaac Myers, Norimichi Shibata, Y. Omura, G. Furlich, Takaaki Ishii, D. C. Rodriguez, HangBae Kim, Arata Nakazawa, Kei Nakai, Hirotaka Ito, Ryuji Takeishi, and Katsuaki Kasahara

Subjects
Physics, Surface (mathematics), Optics, business.industry, Detector, Current (fluid), business
Published
2021

24. Cosmic Ray Composition in the Second Knee Region as Measured by the TALE Hybrid Detector

Author

ByongGu Cheon, Hiroyuki Matsumiya, Charlie Jui, BayarJon Paul Lubsandorzhiev, Mayuko Minamino, Takashi Sako, Ivan Kharuk, Takeshi Okuda, Igor Tkachev, Takafumi Uehama, Hideyuki Ohoka, Daiki Shinto, Priti Shah, Isaac Myers, K. H. Lee, Jihee Kim, Telescope Array, Naohiro Sone, Eiji Kido, Fugo Yoshida, Kazuhiro Machida, Aoi Iwasaki, Hideaki Shimodaira, Hyoming Jeong, Masahiro Takeda, Ken Honda, H. Oda, Zach Zundel, Yuta Tanoue, Fumiya Shibata, Gordon Thomson, Tom Stroman, Robert Cady, Shoichi Kishigami, Ryo Higuchi, Youngjoon Kwon, Sergey Troitsky, Motoki Hayashi, Masaomi Ono, John Belz, Kozo Fujisue, Stanton Thomas, Kinya Hibino, Elliott Barcikowski, Matt Potts, Taka Tomida, Dmitri Ivanov, John Matthews, Samuel Blake, Ryuhei Arimura, J. Remington, M. Ohnishi, Taichi Inadomi, Koichi Sekino, Shoichi Ogio, Keijiro Mukai, J. Yang, P. Tinyakov, K. Yamazaki, G. Furlich, Takaaki Ishii, Pierre Sokolsky, Norimichi Shibata, Yuichiro Tameda, Shingo Kawana, Yusuke Kimura, Y. Omura, Tareq Abu-Zayyad, Yoshiki Tsunesada, Ryuji Takeishi, Daisuke Ikeda, Y. Takahashi, Mai Takamura, Koki Sato, Shigehiro Nagataki, Yana Zhezher, Jyunsei Chiba, Dongsu Ryu, William Hanlon, Hiroyuki Sagawa, Shigeharu Udo, Sang Woo Kim, D. C. Rodriguez, Kengo Sano, Tatsunobu Shibata, Tiffany Wong, Hirokazu Iwakura, Y. Takagi, HangBae Kim, Toshihiro Fujii, Mikhail Kuznetsov, Masato Takita, Keitaro Fujita, Yasunori Saito, Masaki Fukushima, Akitoshi Oshima, Yuto Kubota, Vladim Kuzmin, Kenta Yashiro, Grigory Rubtsov, Shunsuke Ozawa, Tomoyuki Nakamura, Manobu Tanaka, Y. Nakamura, Kohei Yada, Koichi Tanaka, Ryosuke Tsuda, Fumio Kakimoto, Ben Stokes, Ryota Fukushima, Naoaki Hayashida, M. Yamamoto, Monica Allen, Bokkyun Shin, Soomin Jeong, Michiyuki Chikawa, R. Sahara, Jon Paul Lundquist, Federico R. Urban, Arata Nakazawa, Nobuyuki Sakurai, Toshiyuki Nonaka, Yukio Uchihori, Kei Nakai, Ryota Onogi, J. H. Kim, Ricardo Gonzalez, Maxim Pshirkov, Toshio Matsuyama, T. Seki, Naoya Inoue, R. Mayta, Hirotaka Ito, Min Hyo Kim, S. Kawakami, Heungsu Shin, Yuto Arai, Saori Kasami, Ryo Nakamura, Hideki Tanaka, Hisono Tokuno, Yuma Shibasaki, Douglas Bergman, Akimichi Taketa, Eiji Nishio, Yuya Oku, Hideyuki Kawai, Shinnosuke Kurisu, Oleg Kalashev, Jeremy Smith, Toru Nakamura, Kenichi Kadota, Il Hung Park, Ryota Fujiwara, Naoto Sakaki, Katsuaki Kasahara, Katsumasa Kawata, Tsubasa Yoshioka, and Rasha Abbasi

Subjects
Physics, Detector, Cosmic ray, Knee region, Astrophysics, Composition (combinatorics)
Published
2021

25. Effects of Galactic magnetic field on the UHECR anisotropy studies

Author

Tomoyuki Nakamura, Sergey Troitsky, Taka Tomida, M. Yamamoto, Fugo Yoshida, J. Remington, M. Ohnishi, Taichi Inadomi, Elliott Barcikowski, Stanton Thomas, Pierre Sokolsky, Yuichiro Tameda, Hideaki Shimodaira, Hyoming Jeong, Dmitri Ivanov, R. Sahara, Shigehiro Nagataki, Yana Zhezher, Ryota Fujiwara, Sang Woo Kim, Yukio Uchihori, Manobu Tanaka, Ryo Higuchi, Ivan Kharuk, Keijiro Mukai, Koki Sato, ByongGu Cheon, Norimichi Shibata, Yuma Shibasaki, Ryota Onogi, J. H. Kim, Y. Omura, Keitaro Fujita, Naoto Sakaki, Aoi Iwasaki, Yusuke Kimura, K. H. Lee, Jihee Kim, Hideyuki Ohoka, R. Mayta, Kengo Sano, Gordon Thomson, K. Yamazaki, Tom Stroman, Robert Cady, Tareq Abu-Zayyad, Kinya Hibino, Toru Nakamura, Yasunori Saito, Douglas Bergman, Naoaki Hayashida, Takeshi Okuda, Igor Tkachev, Mikhail Kuznetsov, Min Hyo Kim, Kenichi Kadota, Michiyuki Chikawa, Rasha Abbasi, Ryosuke Tsuda, Yuta Tanoue, Naohiro Sone, Il Hung Park, Masato Takita, Soomin Jeong, John N. Matthews, Katsuaki Kasahara, H. Oda, Saori Kasami, Shinnosuke Kurisu, Motoki Hayashi, Takashi Sako, Katsumasa Kawata, Youngjoon Kwon, John Belz, Ben Stokes, J. P. Lundquist, Arata Nakazawa, S. Kawakami, Monica Allen, Bokkyun Shin, T. Seki, Yuto Kubota, Kozo Fujisue, Federico R. Urban, Hiroyuki Matsumiya, Nobuyuki Sakurai, Tsubasa Yoshioka, Naoya Inoue, Vladim Kuzmin, J. Yang, Shigeharu Udo, Kei Nakai, Kenta Yashiro, T. Fujii, Hiroyuki Sagawa, Maxim Pshirkov, Takafumi Uehama, Shingo Kawana, Kazumasa Kawata, Toshio Matsuyama, Y. Nakamura, Jeremy Smith, Yuya Oku, Kohei Yada, Koichi Tanaka, Akimichi Taketa, Koichi Sekino, Hideki Tanaka, Oleg Kalashev, Eiji Kido, Tatsunobu Shibata, William Hanlon, Daiki Shinto, Eiji Nishio, Kazuhiro Machida, Jyunsei Chiba, Dongsu Ryu, Telescope Array, Zach Zundel, Akitoshi Oshima, Priti Shah, P. Tinyakov, Heungsu Shin, Fumio Kakimoto, Shunsuke Ozawa, Isaac Myers, Ryuhei Arimura, Hisono Tokuno, Masahiro Takeda, Ken Honda, Ryuji Takeishi, Yoshiki Tsunesada, Daisuke Ikeda, Hideyuki Kawai, Hirokazu Iwakura, Y. Takagi, Tiffany Wong, Samuel Blake, Masaki Fukushima, Shoichi Ogio, Yuto Arai, Toshiyuki Nonaka, Shoichi Kishigami, Ricardo Gonzalez, G. Furlich, Takaaki Ishii, Y. Takahashi, Mai Takamura, Masaomi Ono, D. C. Rodriguez, HangBae Kim, Grigory Rubtsov, Ryota Fukushima, Hirotaka Ito, Ryo Nakamura, Charlie Jui, BayarJon Paul Lubsandorzhiev, Mayuko Minamino, Fumiya Shibata, and Matt Potts

Subjects
Physics, Astrophysics, Anisotropy, Magnetic field
Published
2021

26. Mass composition of Telescope Array's surface detectors events using deep learning

Author

Hideaki Shimodaira, Hyoming Jeong, Hiroyuki Sagawa, Fumiya Shibata, Ryuji Takeishi, Ryo Higuchi, Youngjoon Kwon, John Belz, Hideyuki Ohoka, Ryo Nakamura, Rasha Abbasi, Daiki Shinto, Ryuhei Arimura, Koichi Tanaka, Yoshiki Tsunesada, Daisuke Ikeda, Michiyuki Chikawa, Tiffany Wong, Masaki Fukushima, Matt Potts, Yuma Shibasaki, Priti Shah, Jon Paul Lundquist, K. Yamazaki, Pierre Sokolsky, Katsuaki Kasahara, Katsumasa Kawata, Tareq Abu-Zayyad, Fugo Yoshida, Masahiro Takeda, Takashi Sako, Ken Honda, Zach Zundel, Shigehiro Nagataki, Yana Zhezher, Ben Stokes, Tsubasa Yoshioka, Kenta Yashiro, Sergey Troitsky, R. Sahara, Douglas Bergman, Sang Woo Kim, Taka Tomida, Shingo Kawana, Charlie Jui, BayarJon Paul Lubsandorzhiev, J. Remington, Mayuko Minamino, Mikhail Kuznetsov, Min Hyo Kim, Shinnosuke Kurisu, William Hanlon, Ryota Fujiwara, Elliott Barcikowski, Dmitri Ivanov, Monica Allen, Naoto Sakaki, Tomoyuki Nakamura, G. Furlich, Takaaki Ishii, Federico R. Urban, Nobuyuki Sakurai, Saori Kasami, Keijiro Mukai, Bokkyun Shin, Toshio Matsuyama, K. H. Lee, Jihee Kim, Gordon Thomson, Ryota Fukushima, Samuel Blake, Shoichi Ogio, Hirotaka Ito, Yusuke Kimura, Tom Stroman, Robert Cady, Naoaki Hayashida, Norimichi Shibata, Y. Omura, S. Kawakami, D. C. Rodriguez, Keitaro Fujita, Jeremy Smith, HangBae Kim, Takeshi Okuda, Igor Tkachev, Akimichi Taketa, Hideki Tanaka, Stanton Thomas, Naohiro Sone, Isaac Myers, Eiji Nishio, Yuya Oku, Aoi Iwasaki, Oleg Kalashev, Hiroyuki Matsumiya, Toshihiro Fujii, Hisono Tokuno, H. Oda, Jyunsei Chiba, Grigory Rubtsov, Dongsu Ryu, Manobu Tanaka, Yuto Kubota, Koichi Sekino, Takafumi Uehama, Maxim Pshirkov, Hideyuki Kawai, P. Tinyakov, Toru Nakamura, Kenichi Kadota, M. Ohnishi, Y. Nakamura, Il Hung Park, Kohei Yada, Hirokazu Iwakura, Taichi Inadomi, Y. Takagi, Y. Takahashi, Mai Takamura, Eiji Kido, Kazuhiro Machida, Arata Nakazawa, Koki Sato, John Matthews, Toshiyuki Nonaka, Kei Nakai, Ivan Kharuk, J. Yang, Ricardo Gonzalez, Kengo Sano, Yasunori Saito, Yuta Tanoue, Fumio Kakimoto, Motoki Hayashi, Yuichiro Tameda, Kozo Fujisue, Shoichi Kishigami, Masaomi Ono, Masato Takita, Telescope Array, Shigeharu Udo, Kinya Hibino, M. Yamamoto, Yukio Uchihori, Ryota Onogi, J. H. Kim, R. Mayta, Vladim Kuzmin, Ryosuke Tsuda, Soomin Jeong, T. Seki, Naoya Inoue, Heungsu Shin, Yuto Arai, Tatsunobu Shibata, Akitoshi Oshima, Shunsuke Ozawa, and ByongGu Cheon

Subjects
Surface (mathematics), Telescope, Physics, Optics, business.industry, law, Deep learning, Detector, Artificial intelligence, Mass composition, business, law.invention
Published
2021

27. FOV direction and image size calibration of Fluorescence Detector using light source on UAV

Author

Telescope Array, Yasunori Saito, Shoichi Kishigami, Hideaki Shimodaira, Hyoming Jeong, Masaomi Ono, Ryo Higuchi, Ryuhei Arimura, Fugo Yoshida, Ryo Nakamura, Tomoyuki Nakamura, Charlie Jui, Min Hyo Kim, M. Ohnishi, Taichi Inadomi, Hideki Tanaka, Hisono Tokuno, BayarJon Paul Lubsandorzhiev, John Matthews, Yoshiki Tsunesada, Heungsu Shin, Manobu Tanaka, Koki Sato, Mayuko Minamino, J. Yang, Daisuke Ikeda, K. Yamazaki, Tareq Abu-Zayyad, M. Yamamoto, S. Kawakami, Kengo Sano, Sergey Troitsky, Fumio Kakimoto, Yuto Arai, Tiffany Wong, Taka Tomida, J. Remington, Koichi Sekino, Stanton Thomas, Kenta Yashiro, Ryosuke Tsuda, Saori Kasami, Monica Allen, Yukio Uchihori, Masaki Fukushima, Fumiya Shibata, Ben Stokes, Toshio Matsuyama, P. Tinyakov, Mikhail Kuznetsov, Soomin Jeong, Bokkyun Shin, Pierre Sokolsky, Norimichi Shibata, Hiroyuki Sagawa, K. H. Lee, Jihee Kim, Y. Omura, Ryota Onogi, J. H. Kim, Gordon Thomson, G. Furlich, Takaaki Ishii, Tom Stroman, Robert Cady, Y. Takahashi, Mai Takamura, ByongGu Cheon, Matt Potts, Shigehiro Nagataki, Yana Zhezher, Keitaro Fujita, Federico R. Urban, Nobuyuki Sakurai, Koichi Tanaka, Naoaki Hayashida, T. Seki, Naoya Inoue, R. Mayta, Jon Paul Lundquist, Sang Woo Kim, Hiroyuki Matsumiya, Yuta Tanoue, Yuichiro Tameda, Kinya Hibino, Motoki Hayashi, Takafumi Uehama, D. C. Rodriguez, Eiji Kido, Maxim Pshirkov, Kozo Fujisue, Takeshi Okuda, Kazuhiro Machida, HangBae Kim, Hideyuki Ohoka, Igor Tkachev, Naohiro Sone, Shigeharu Udo, Shinnosuke Kurisu, Grigory Rubtsov, Tatsunobu Shibata, H. Oda, Michiyuki Chikawa, Daiki Shinto, Arata Nakazawa, Kei Nakai, Akitoshi Oshima, Priti Shah, R. Sahara, Jeremy Smith, Akimichi Taketa, Eiji Nishio, Masahiro Takeda, Takashi Sako, Vladim Kuzmin, Ken Honda, Masato Takita, Shunsuke Ozawa, Isaac Myers, Hideyuki Kawai, Yuma Shibasaki, Douglas Bergman, Samuel Blake, Shoichi Ogio, Zach Zundel, Jyunsei Chiba, Dongsu Ryu, Hirokazu Iwakura, Y. Takagi, Ivan Kharuk, Toru Nakamura, Elliott Barcikowski, Kenichi Kadota, Dmitri Ivanov, Il Hung Park, Keijiro Mukai, Yusuke Kimura, Yuya Oku, Oleg Kalashev, Ryota Fukushima, Youngjoon Kwon, John Belz, Toshihiro Fujii, Yuto Kubota, Y. Nakamura, Kohei Yada, Hirotaka Ito, Rasha Abbasi, Aoi Iwasaki, Ryota Fujiwara, Naoto Sakaki, Katsuaki Kasahara, Katsumasa Kawata, Tsubasa Yoshioka, Ryuji Takeishi, Shingo Kawana, William Hanlon, Toshiyuki Nonaka, and Ricardo Gonzalez

Subjects
Physics, Light source, Optics, business.industry, Calibration, business, Image resolution, Fluorescence spectroscopy
Published
2021

28. UHECR mass composition from anisotropy of their arrival directions with the Telescope Array SD

Author

Katsuaki Kasahara, Ryota Fukushima, Takeshi Okuda, Igor Tkachev, Katsumasa Kawata, Daiki Shinto, Naohiro Sone, ByongGu Cheon, Shoichi Kishigami, Norimichi Shibata, Manobu Tanaka, Grigory Rubtsov, Ryuhei Arimura, M. Yamamoto, H. Oda, Masaomi Ono, Priti Shah, Y. Omura, Yoshiki Tsunesada, Tsubasa Yoshioka, Daisuke Ikeda, Masahiro Takeda, Tiffany Wong, Mikhail Kuznetsov, Ken Honda, K. H. Lee, Jihee Kim, Kenta Yashiro, Gordon Thomson, Hideyuki Ohoka, Yuichiro Tameda, Yukio Uchihori, Masaki Fukushima, Hiroyuki Sagawa, R. Sahara, Charlie Jui, Jyunsei Chiba, Dongsu Ryu, Tom Stroman, Fugo Yoshida, Robert Cady, Ryota Onogi, J. H. Kim, Shinnosuke Kurisu, Shingo Kawana, Ryota Fujiwara, BayarJon Paul Lubsandorzhiev, William Hanlon, Hirokazu Iwakura, Y. Takagi, R. Mayta, Hiroyuki Matsumiya, Koichi Tanaka, Mayuko Minamino, Vladim Kuzmin, Hideaki Shimodaira, Ivan Kharuk, Jon Paul Lundquist, Naoto Sakaki, Youngjoon Kwon, Kinya Hibino, John Belz, Ryo Nakamura, Hyoming Jeong, Michiyuki Chikawa, Keitaro Fujita, Takafumi Uehama, Saori Kasami, Fumiya Shibata, Ryo Higuchi, Yuya Oku, M. Ohnishi, Takashi Sako, Masato Takita, Eiji Kido, Toshiyuki Nonaka, Taichi Inadomi, Oleg Kalashev, Ryosuke Tsuda, Soomin Jeong, Ricardo Gonzalez, Rasha Abbasi, Kazuhiro Machida, Toshio Matsuyama, Min Hyo Kim, Matt Potts, Koki Sato, Kengo Sano, K. Yamazaki, Tareq Abu-Zayyad, Hideki Tanaka, Zach Zundel, S. Kawakami, Yasunori Saito, Peter Tinyakov, Samuel Blake, Shoichi Ogio, Shigeharu Udo, T. Seki, Toru Nakamura, Naoya Inoue, Jeremy Smith, John Matthews, J. Yang, Monica Allen, Kenichi Kadota, Hisono Tokuno, Yuta Tanoue, Akimichi Taketa, Bokkyun Shin, Eiji Nishio, Il Hung Park, Motoki Hayashi, Ben Stokes, Kozo Fujisue, Heungsu Shin, Federico R. Urban, Nobuyuki Sakurai, Hideyuki Kawai, Yuma Shibasaki, Koichi Sekino, Yuto Arai, Douglas Bergman, Tatsunobu Shibata, Y. Takahashi, Mai Takamura, Akitoshi Oshima, Shunsuke Ozawa, Maxim Pshirkov, Fumio Kakimoto, Sergey Troitsky, Taka Tomida, J. Remington, Naoaki Hayashida, Toshihiro Fujii, Yuto Kubota, Y. Nakamura, Kohei Yada, Elliott Barcikowski, Dmitri Ivanov, Keijiro Mukai, Yusuke Kimura, Stanton Thomas, Aoi Iwasaki, Tomoyuki Nakamura, Ryuji Takeishi, Pierre Sokolsky, Shigehiro Nagataki, Yana Zhezher, Isaac Myers, Sang Woo Kim, Hirotaka Ito, G. Furlich, Takaaki Ishii, D. C. Rodriguez, HangBae Kim, Arata Nakazawa, and Kei Nakai

Subjects
Telescope, Physics, law, Astrophysics, Mass composition, Anisotropy, law.invention
Published
2021

29. Analysis of TAx4 hybrid trigger and events

Author

Ivan Kharuk, Yuma Shibasaki, Jyunsei Chiba, Dongsu Ryu, Aoi Iwasaki, Hirokazu Iwakura, Y. Takagi, K. H. Lee, Jihee Kim, Ryota Fukushima, Ryuhei Arimura, Shigeharu Udo, Fumiya Shibata, Gordon Thomson, Hideki Tanaka, Fugo Yoshida, Tom Stroman, Robert Cady, Yoshiki Tsunesada, Sergey Troitsky, Daisuke Ikeda, Douglas Bergman, Taka Tomida, J. Remington, Tiffany Wong, John Matthews, ByongGu Cheon, Hiroyuki Matsumiya, Ryo Nakamura, Ryuji Takeishi, Masaki Fukushima, Hisono Tokuno, Ryosuke Tsuda, Soomin Jeong, M. Yamamoto, J. Yang, Matt Potts, Pierre Sokolsky, Min Hyo Kim, Yukio Uchihori, Naoaki Hayashida, Takashi Sako, T. Seki, Shigehiro Nagataki, Yana Zhezher, Akimichi Taketa, Naoya Inoue, Tatsunobu Shibata, Daiki Shinto, Sang Woo Kim, Eiji Nishio, Ryota Onogi, J. H. Kim, Priti Shah, Takafumi Uehama, G. Furlich, Takaaki Ishii, Saori Kasami, Hideaki Shimodaira, Hyoming Jeong, Masahiro Takeda, Charlie Jui, Ken Honda, R. Mayta, S. Kawakami, Heungsu Shin, BayarJon Paul Lubsandorzhiev, Ryo Higuchi, Toru Nakamura, Yuta Tanoue, Mayuko Minamino, Kenichi Kadota, Zach Zundel, Akitoshi Oshima, Eiji Kido, Elliott Barcikowski, Shingo Kawana, Shoichi Kishigami, Yuto Arai, Keitaro Fujita, Motoki Hayashi, Yuichiro Tameda, Hideyuki Ohoka, Il Hung Park, Kinya Hibino, Hirotaka Ito, Toshio Matsuyama, Kazuhiro Machida, Hiroyuki Sagawa, Hideyuki Kawai, D. C. Rodriguez, Dmitri Ivanov, Vladim Kuzmin, William Hanlon, Stanton Thomas, HangBae Kim, Shinnosuke Kurisu, Kozo Fujisue, Keijiro Mukai, K. Yamazaki, Masaomi Ono, Michiyuki Chikawa, Tareq Abu-Zayyad, Yusuke Kimura, Yasunori Saito, Koichi Tanaka, Grigory Rubtsov, Tomoyuki Nakamura, Jon Paul Lundquist, Koichi Sekino, Shunsuke Ozawa, Yuya Oku, P. Tinyakov, Isaac Myers, Oleg Kalashev, Masato Takita, Y. Takahashi, Mai Takamura, R. Sahara, Telescope Array, S. W. Kim, Manobu Tanaka, Toshiyuki Nonaka, Jeremy Smith, Norimichi Shibata, Y. Omura, Mikhail Kuznetsov, Ricardo Gonzalez, Ben Stokes, Samuel Blake, Toshihiro Fujii, Monica Allen, Shoichi Ogio, Yuto Kubota, Bokkyun Shin, Y. Nakamura, Kohei Yada, Federico R. Urban, Arata Nakazawa, Nobuyuki Sakurai, Kei Nakai, Youngjoon Kwon, John Belz, Rasha Abbasi, M. Ohnishi, Taichi Inadomi, Koki Sato, Fumio Kakimoto, Ryota Fujiwara, Kengo Sano, Naoto Sakaki, Katsuaki Kasahara, Katsumasa Kawata, Kenta Yashiro, Tsubasa Yoshioka, Maxim Pshirkov, Takeshi Okuda, Igor Tkachev, Naohiro Sone, and H. Oda

Published
2021

30. Reconstruction of air shower events measured by the surface detectors of the TAx4 experiment

Author

Fugo Yoshida, Fumio Kakimoto, Norimichi Shibata, Kinya Hibino, John Matthews, J. Yang, Y. Omura, Ivan Kharuk, Toshihiro Fujii, Hiroyuki Sagawa, Yuichiro Tameda, Hideki Tanaka, Yuma Shibasaki, Yuto Kubota, Hisono Tokuno, Mikhail Kuznetsov, Katsuaki Kasahara, Koichi Tanaka, Jon Paul Lundquist, M. Yamamoto, Katsumasa Kawata, Monica Allen, Bokkyun Shin, Hiroyuki Matsumiya, Tsubasa Yoshioka, Takafumi Uehama, Y. Nakamura, Kohei Yada, Yukio Uchihori, Hyomin Jeong, Tatsunobu Shibata, Ryota Onogi, J. H. Kim, Michiyuki Chikawa, ByongGu Cheon, Hideaki Shimodaira, Hyoming Jeong, Eiji Kido, M. Ohnishi, Taichi Inadomi, Kazuhiro Machida, Ryo Higuchi, Charlie Jui, Akitoshi Oshima, R. Mayta, Douglas Bergman, Keitaro Fujita, Elliott Barcikowski, Maxim Pshirkov, Manobu Tanaka, Pierre Sokolsky, Vladim Kuzmin, BayarJon Paul Lubsandorzhiev, Shunsuke Ozawa, Min Hyo Kim, Dmitri Ivanov, Koki Sato, Mayuko Minamino, Saori Kasami, Shigehiro Nagataki, Hideyuki Ohoka, Takashi Sako, K. Yamazaki, Tareq Abu-Zayyad, Keijiro Mukai, Youngjoon Kwon, Yasunori Saito, John Belz, Yana Zhezher, Sang Woo Kim, S. Kawakami, Jyunsei Chiba, Ryo Nakamura, Masato Takita, Yusuke Kimura, Daiki Shinto, Dongsu Ryu, Yuta Tanoue, Fumiya Shibata, Yuya Oku, K. H. Lee, Jihee Kim, Kengo Sano, Priti Shah, Hirokazu Iwakura, Y. Takagi, Motoki Hayashi, Oleg Kalashev, Kenta Yashiro, Zach Zundel, Masahiro Takeda, Ken Honda, Ben Stokes, Matt Potts, Kozo Fujisue, Stanton Thomas, Gordon Thomson, Toshiyuki Nonaka, Ryuhei Arimura, Ryosuke Tsuda, Akimichi Taketa, Tom Stroman, Robert Cady, Soomin Jeong, Ricardo Gonzalez, Federico R. Urban, Nobuyuki Sakurai, Koichi Sekino, Yoshiki Tsunesada, P. Tinyakov, Daisuke Ikeda, Eiji Nishio, T. Seki, Tomoyuki Nakamura, Ryota Fukushima, Naoya Inoue, Tiffany Wong, Toru Nakamura, Kenichi Kadota, Y. Takahashi, Mai Takamura, Masaki Fukushima, Takeshi Okuda, Igor Tkachev, Shingo Kawana, Naohiro Sone, Heungsu Shin, William Hanlon, H. Oda, Il Hung Park, G. Furlich, Takaaki Ishii, Hideyuki Kawai, Shinnosuke Kurisu, Yuto Arai, Toshio Matsuyama, Samuel Blake, Shoichi Ogio, Jeremy Smith, D. C. Rodriguez, Aoi Iwasaki, HangBae Kim, Ryota Fujiwara, Naoto Sakaki, Grigory Rubtsov, Rasha Abbasi, R. Sahara, Arata Nakazawa, Kei Nakai, Telescope Array, Isaac Myers, Hirotaka Ito, Ryuji Takeishi, Shoichi Kishigami, Masaomi Ono, Sergey Troitsky, Taka Tomida, J. Remington, Naoaki Hayashida, and Shigeharu Udo

Subjects
Surface (mathematics), Materials science, Optics, Air shower, business.industry, Detector, business
Published
2021

31. A Simulation Study of Ultra-Relativistic Jets -- I. A New Code for Relativistic Hydrodynamics

Author

Indranil Chattopadhyay, S. Ha, Dongsu Ryu, Hyesung Kang, and Jeongbhin Seo

Subjects
High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), Physics, Turbulence, FOS: Physical sciences, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Perfect gas, Stability (probability), Instability, Computational physics, law.invention, Astrophysical jet, Flow (mathematics), Space and Planetary Science, law, Cartesian coordinate system, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM), Eigenvalues and eigenvectors
Abstract

In an attempt to investigate the structures of ultra-relativistic jets injected into the intracluster medium (ICM) and the associated flow dynamics, such as shocks, velocity shear, and turbulence, we have developed a new special relativistic hydrodynamic (RHD) code in the Cartesian coordinates, based on the weighted essentially non-oscillatory (WENO) scheme. It is a finite difference scheme of high spatial accuracy, which has been widely employed for solving hyperbolic systems of conservation equations. The code is equipped with different WENO versions, such as the 5th-order accurate WENO-JS (Jiang & Shu 1996), WENO-Z, and WENO-ZA, and different time integration methods, such as the 4th-order accurate Runge-Kutta (RK4) and strong stability preserving RK (SSPRK), as well as the implementation of the equations of state (EOSs) that closely approximate the EOS of the single-component perfect gas in relativistic regime. In addition, it incorporates a high-order accurate averaging of fluxes along the transverse directions to enhance the accuracy of multi-dimensional problems, and a modification of eigenvalues for the acoustic modes to effectively control the carbuncle instability. Through extensive numerical tests, we assess the accuracy and robustness of the code, and choose WENO-Z, SSPRK, and the EOS suggested in Ryu et al. (2006) as the fiducial setup for simulations of ultra-relativistic jets. The results of our study of ultra-relativistic jets using the code is reported in an accompanying paper (Seo et al. 2021, Paper II)., 21 pages, 10 figures, accepted for publication in ApJ

Published
2021

32. Metal Thermal Interface Material for the Next Generation FCBGA

Author

MiKyoung Choi, DongSu Ryu, JinYong Khim, HyunHye Jung, YoungDo Kweon, JoHyun Bae, Dongjoo Park, and YunAh Kim

Subjects
Materials science, Thermal conductivity, Thermal resistance, Soldering, Ball grid array, Pin grid array, Thermal grease, Engineering physics, Die (integrated circuit), Flip chip
Abstract

Thermal interface materials (TIMs) have been widely adopted for improved thermal dissipation in flip chip ball grid array (FCBGA), flip chip lidded ball grid array (FCLGA) and flip chip pin grid array (FCPGA) packaging. As the next generation devices' requirements for power get even higher, enhanced thermal performance at the package level is increasingly important. A typical TIM applies a polymer type, but the current polymer TIM products are insufficient to meet the advanced product roadmap requirements due to lack of thermal conductivity, TIM delamination on large size die, unstable process workability and other reasons. Even potential candidates for a high thermal conductivity TIMs, such as silver (Ag)-Sintered TIM and graphite sheet have difficulties covering all the development goals of a large body package due to high thermal resistance, poor TIM coverage or too thick bond line thickness (BLT). To meet the high-end central processing unit (CPU) market's needs, an indium (In) TIM has been selected for FCLGA or FCPGA products. A pure indium TIM has a low liquidus point and provides a good way to reduce stress during In TIM soldering. However, this characterization of Indium TIM could be a weak point for FCBGAs which need an additional reflow process after TIM and lid attachment. TIM re-melting could occur during the reflow process and affect TIM coverage, cause delamination and create a component shortage issue. This is one of the main reasons that a pure indium TIM is hard to apply on FCBGA devices. In this paper, a metal TIM (In and tin (Sn) alloy) will be discussed as a solution for next generation FCBGAs that have a large body size and require high thermal conductivity. These new alloy TIMs are expected to provide better thermal dissipation performance due to both a “high liquid phase point” and a “low solid phase point.”.

Published
2021

33. Strong suppression of heat conduction in a laboratory replica of galaxy-cluster turbulent plasmas

Author

Jena Meinecke, Petros Tzeferacos, James S. Ross, Archie F. A. Bott, Scott Feister, Hye-Sook Park, Anthony R. Bell, Roger Blandford, Richard L. Berger, Robert Bingham, Alexis Casner, Laura E. Chen, John Foster, Dustin H. Froula, Clement Goyon, Daniel Kalantar, Michel Koenig, Brandon Lahmann, Chikang Li, Yingchao Lu, Charlotte A. J. Palmer, Richard D. Petrasso, Hannah Poole, Bruce Remington, Brian Reville, Adam Reyes, Alexandra Rigby, Dongsu Ryu, George Swadling, Alex Zylstra, Francesco Miniati, Subir Sarkar, Alexander A. Schekochihin, Donald Q. Lamb, Gianluca Gregori, Direction des Applications Militaires (DAM), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Laboratoire pour l'utilisation des lasers intenses (LULI), and Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph), High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), Multidisciplinary, FOS: Physical sciences, [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, QC, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-GEN-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/General Physics [physics.gen-ph], Physics - Plasma Physics
Abstract

Galaxy clusters are filled with hot, diffuse X-ray emitting plasma, with a stochastically tangled magnetic field whose energy is close to equipartition with the energy of the turbulent motions \cite{zweibel1997, Vacca}. In the cluster cores, the temperatures remain anomalously high compared to what might be expected considering that the radiative cooling time is short relative to the Hubble time \cite{cowie1977,fabian1994}. While feedback from the central active galactic nuclei (AGN) \cite{fabian2012,birzan2012,churazov2000} is believed to provide most of the heating, there has been a long debate as to whether conduction of heat from the bulk to the core can help the core to reach the observed temperatures \cite{narayan2001,ruszkowski2002,kunz2011}, given the presence of tangled magnetic fields. Interestingly, evidence of very sharp temperature gradients in structures like cold fronts implies a high degree of suppression of thermal conduction \cite{markevitch2007}. To address the problem of thermal conduction in a magnetized and turbulent plasma, we have created a replica of such a system in a laser laboratory experiment. Our data show a reduction of local heat transport by two orders of magnitude or more, leading to strong temperature variations on small spatial scales, as is seen in cluster plasmas \cite{markevitch2003}.

Published
2021

34. Exact solution of one dimensional relativistic jet with relativistic equation of state

Author

Indranil Chattopadhyay, Raj Kishor Joshi, Lallan Yadav, and Dongsu Ryu

Subjects
Physics, Shock wave, High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), Jet (fluid), Shock (fluid dynamics), Equation of state (cosmology), Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, FOS: Physical sciences, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Mechanics, symbols.namesake, Riemann problem, Exact solutions in general relativity, Astrophysical jet, Space and Planetary Science, symbols, Initial value problem, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Abstract

We study the evolution of one-dimensional relativistic jets, using the exact solution of the Riemann problem for relativistic flows. For this purpose, we solve equations for the ideal special relativistic fluid composed of dissimilar particles in flat space-time and the thermodynamics of fluid is governed by a relativistic equation of state. We obtain the exact solution of jets impinging on denser ambient media. The time variation of the cross-section of the jet-head is modeled and incorporated. We present the initial condition that gives rise to a reverse shock. If the jet-head cross-section increases in time, the jet propagation speed slows down significantly and the reverse-shock may recede opposite to the propagation direction of the jet. We show that the composition of jet and ambient medium can affect the jet solution significantly. For instance, the propagation speed depends on the composition and is maximum for a pair-dominated jet, rather than a pure electron-positron or electron-proton jet. The propagation direction of the reverse-shock may also strongly depend on the composition of the jet., Accepted for publication in MNRAS; 19 pages, 18 figures

Published
2021

35. Downstream depolarization in the Sausage Relic: a 1-4 GHz very large array study

Author

Matthias Hoeft, D. N. Hoang, Lawrence Rudnick, G. Di Gennaro, Andra Stroe, Dongsu Ryu, Christine Jones, H. J. A. Röttgering, William R. Forman, Marcus Brüggen, Ralph Kraft, Timothy W. Shimwell, R. J. van Weeren, Di Gennaro, G., van Weeren, R. J., Rudnick, L., Hoeft, M., Brüggen, M., Ryu, Dongsu, Röttgering, H. J. A., Forman, W., Stroe, A., Shimwell, T. W., Kraft, R. P., Jones, C., and Hoang, D. N.

Subjects
Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO), 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Radio galaxy, Astrophysics - astrophysics of galaxies, Astrophysics - cosmology and nongalactic astrophysics, FOS: Physical sciences, Galaxy clusters, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, Astrophysics, 01 natural sciences, Radio relics, Intracluster medium, 0103 physical sciences, Polarimetry, 584, 563, 1278, 858, 2086, 1261, Plasma astrophysics, Galactic and extragalactic astronomy, Anisotropy, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Shocks, Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics, Galaxy cluster, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Physics, Center (category theory), Shock, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Polarization (waves), Magnetic field, Space and Planetary Science, Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
Abstract

Radio relics are elongated sources related to shocks driven by galaxy cluster merger events. Although these objects are highly polarized at GHz frequencies ($\gtrsim 20\%$), high-resolution studies of their polarization properties are still lacking. We present the first high-resolution and high-sensitivity polarimetry study of the merging galaxy cluster CIZA J2242.8+5301 in the 1-4 GHz frequency band. We use the $QU$-fitting approach to model the Stokes $I$, $Q$ and $U$ emission, obtaining best-fit intrinsic polarization fraction ($p_0$), intrinsic polarization angle ($\chi_0$), Rotation Measure (RM) and wavelength-dependent depolarization ($\sigma_{\rm RM}$) maps of the cluster. Our analysis focuses on the northern relic (RN). For the first time in a radio relic, we observe a decreasing polarization fraction in the downstream region. Our findings are possibly explained by geometrical projections and/or by decreasing of the magnetic field anisotropy towards the cluster center. From the amount of depolarization of the only detected background radio galaxy, we estimate a turbulent magnetic field strength of $B_{\rm turb}\sim5.6~\mu$Gauss in the relic. Finally, we observe Rotation Measure fluctuations of about 30 rad m$^{-2}$ around at the median value of 140.8 rad m$^{-2}$ at the relic position., Comment: 26 pages, 23 Figures, 5 Tables. Accepted for publication in ApJ

Published
2021

36. Effects of Multi-scale Plasma Waves on Electron Preacceleration at Weak Quasi-perpendicular Intracluster Shocks

Author

Sunjung Kim, Hyesung Kang, Dongsu Ryu, and Ji-Hoon Ha

Subjects
Physics, High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), Space and Planetary Science, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Perpendicular, FOS: Physical sciences, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Plasma, Electron, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, Atomic physics, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics
Abstract

Radio relics associated with merging galaxy clusters indicate the acceleration of relativistic electrons in merger-driven shocks with low sonic Mach numbers ($M_{\rm s}\lesssim 3$) in the intracluster medium (ICM). Recent studies have suggested that electron injection to diffusive shock acceleration (DSA) could take place through the so-called Fermi-like acceleration in the shock foot of $\beta=P_{\rm gas}/P_{\rm B}\approx 20-100$ shocks and the stochastic shock drift acceleration (SSDA) in the shock transition of $\beta\approx 1-5$ shocks. Here we explore how the SSDA can facilitate electron preacceleration in weak quasi-perpendicular ($Q_{\perp}$) shocks in $\beta\approx 20-100$ plasmas by performing particle-in-cell simulations in the two-dimensional domain large enough to encompass ion-scale waves. We find that in supercritical shocks with $M_{\rm s}\gtrsim M_{\rm AIC}^*\sim 2.3$, multi-scale waves are excited by the ion and electron temperature anisotropies in the downstream of the shock ramp, and that through stochastic pitch-angle scattering off the induced waves, electrons are confined in the shock transition for an extended period. Gaining energy through the gradient-drift along the motional electric field, electrons could be preaccelerated all the way to injection to DSA at such ICM shocks. Our findings imply that the electron DSA process at weak ICM shocks could explain the origin of radio relics. However, a further investigation of electron acceleration at subcritical shocks with $M_{\rm s}< 2.3$ is called for, since the Mach numbers of some observed radio relic shocks derived from radio or X-ray observations are as low as $M_{\rm s}\sim 1.5$., Comment: 17 pages, 9 figures, to appear in ApJ

Published
2021
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37. Inefficient Magnetic-Field Amplification in Supersonic Laser-Plasma Turbulence

Author

A. F. A. Bott, Laura Chen, R. Rosch, Alexander Schekochihin, Gianluca Gregori, L. Le-Deroff, T. Caillaud, G. Boutoux, Donald Q. Lamb, A. Duval, Petros Tzeferacos, B. Khiar, B. Vauzour, I. Lantuéjoul, M. Koenig, Christopher Spindloe, Dongsu Ryu, Alexis Casner, B. Villette, Brian Reville, Department of Physics [Oxford], University of Oxford [Oxford], DAM Île-de-France (DAM/DIF), Direction des Applications Militaires (DAM), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Laboratoire pour l'utilisation des lasers intenses (LULI), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'Etude du Rayonnement et de la Matière en Astrophysique (LERMA (UMR_8112)), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-CY Cergy Paris Université (CY), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Centre d'études scientifiques et techniques d'Aquitaine (CESTA), Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik (MPIK), Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Centre d'Etudes Lasers Intenses et Applications (CELIA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Bordeaux (UB), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), KOENIG, Michel, University of Oxford, Laboratoire d'Etude du Rayonnement et de la Matière en Astrophysique et Atmosphères = Laboratory for Studies of Radiation and Matter in Astrophysics and Atmospheres (LERMA), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-CY Cergy Paris Université (CY), and Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
FOS: Physical sciences, General Physics and Astronomy, Magnetic Reynolds number, 01 natural sciences, [PHYS] Physics [physics], law.invention, Physics::Fluid Dynamics, law, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-PLASM-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Plasma Physics [physics.plasm-ph], 0103 physical sciences, Supersonic speed, 010306 general physics, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, [PHYS]Physics [physics], Physics, Magnetic energy, Turbulence, Plasma, Laser, Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies, Physics - Plasma Physics, Computational physics, Magnetic field, Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph), Cascade, Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA), Physics::Space Physics
Abstract

We report a laser-plasma experiment that was carried out at the LMJ-PETAL facility and realized the first magnetized, turbulent, supersonic plasma with a large magnetic Reynolds number ($\mathrm{Rm} \approx 45$) in the laboratory. Initial seed magnetic fields were amplified, but only moderately so, and did not become dynamically significant. A notable absence of magnetic energy at scales smaller than the outer scale of the turbulent cascade was also observed. Our results support the notion that moderately supersonic, low-magnetic-Prandtl-number plasma turbulence is inefficient at amplifying magnetic fields., 6 pages, 4 figures; supplemental information included (14 pages, 10 figures)

Published
2021

38. Effects of Forcing on Shocks and Energy Dissipation in Interstellar and Intracluster Turbulences

Author

Hyesung Kang, Hyunjin Cho, and Dongsu Ryu

Subjects
Physics::Fluid Dynamics, Space and Planetary Science, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA), Physics::Space Physics, FOS: Physical sciences, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies, Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics
Abstract

Observations indicate that turbulence in the interstellar medium (ISM) is supersonic ($M_{\rm turb}\gg1$) and strongly magnetized ($\beta\sim0.01-1$), while in the intracluster medium (ICM) it is subsonic ($M_{\rm turb}\lesssim1$) and weakly magnetized ($\beta\sim100$). Here, $M_{\rm turb}$ is the turbulent Mach number and $\beta$ is the plasma beta. We study the properties of shocks induced in these disparate environments, including the distribution of the shock Mach number, $M_s$, and the dissipation of the turbulent energy at shocks, through numerical simulations using a high-order accurate code based on the WENO scheme. In particular, we investigate the effects of different modes of the forcing that drives turbulence: solenoidal, compressive, and a mixture of the two. In the ISM turbulence, while the density distribution looks different with different forcings, the velocity power spectrum, $P_v$, on small scales exhibits only weak dependence. Hence, the statistics of shocks depend weakly on forcing either. In the ISM models with $M_{\rm turb}\approx10$ and $\beta\sim0.1$, the fraction of the turbulent energy dissipated at shocks is estimated to be $\sim15~\%$, not sensitive to the forcing mode. In contrast, in the ICM turbulence, $P_v$ as well as the density distribution show strong dependence on forcing. The frequency and average Mach number of shocks are greater for compressive forcing than for solenoidal forcing, so is the energy dissipation. The fraction of ensuing shock dissipation is in the range of $\sim10-35~\%$ in the ICM models with $M_{\rm turb}\approx0.5$ and $\beta\sim10^6$. The rest of the turbulent energy should be dissipated through turbulent cascade., Comment: 18 pages, 10 figures, accepted for publication in ApJ

Published
2021
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39. Observations of the Origin of Downward Terrestrial Gamma‐Ray Flashes

Author

Hideaki Shimodaira, Hyoming Jeong, Hidemi Ito, N. Inoue, Takashi Sako, D. Ikeda, M. Ohnishi, Taichi Inadomi, Tareq Abu-Zayyad, Takayuki Tomida, Toru Nakamura, Federico R. Urban, Yuya Oku, Oleg Kalashev, Fumiya Shibata, Kenichi Kadota, S. Udo, C. C. H. Jui, Pierre Sokolsky, M. Takeda, Zach Zundel, Shigehiro Nagataki, Sergey Troitsky, Toshiyuki Nonaka, M. Byrne, Kengo Sano, R. Sahara, Matt Potts, K. H. Lee, Yasunori Saito, Hiroyuki Sagawa, Ben Stokes, T.-A. Shibata, Heungsu Shin, S. B. Thomas, H. Tokuno, H. Yamaoka, Yuta Tanoue, Motoki Hayashi, J. P. Lundquist, Gordon Thomson, Tom Stroman, Robert Cady, Kiyoshi Tanaka, Michiyuki Chikawa, J. Remington, Y. Hayashi, G. Furlich, Takaaki Ishii, Igor Tkachev, Naohiro Sone, Y. Zhezher, Yoshihiko Nakamura, Akimichi Taketa, J. D. Smith, T. Fujii, Keitaro Fujita, Y. J. Kwon, Hideyuki Ohoka, Vladim Kuzmin, H. Oda, K. Kawata, D. C. Rodriguez, S. Ozawa, BayarJon Paul Lubsandorzhiev, S. Jeong, B. K. Shin, D. Rodeheffer, Naoaki Hayashida, B. G. Cheon, T. Matuyama, Kenta Yashiro, Mayuko Minamino, M. Allen, Tiffany Wong, R. Takeishi, Yuichiro Tameda, Isaac Myers, K. Honda, Ryota Fujiwara, John N. Matthews, John Belz, Elliott Barcikowski, K. Kasahara, Masaki Fukushima, Akitoshi Oshima, Fumio Kakimoto, Dmitri Ivanov, Naoto Sakaki, Paul R. Krehbiel, M. Yamamoto, Y. Takahashi, Keijiro Mukai, Masaomi Ono, Masato Takita, M. Wallace, K. Yamazaki, H. Kawai, Masaaki Tanaka, Nobuyuki Sakurai, S. Kawakami, Hiroyuki Matsumiya, Saori Kasami, A. Di Matteo, T. Seki, Takafumi Uehama, Y. Tsunesada, Maxim Pshirkov, R. Mayta, R. LeVon, Hongsu Kim, Y. Uchihori, Eiji Kido, Kei Nakai, M. V. Kuznetsov, Kazuhiro Machida, K. Sekino, William Hanlon, T. Okuda, Inkyu Park, Grigory Rubtsov, William Rison, D. R. Bergman, R. U. Abbasi, Peter Tinyakov, Samuel Blake, Shoichi Ogio, J. H. Kim, Y. Omura, Dongsu Ryu, Mark A. Stanley, Hirokazu Iwakura, Y. Takagi, Ryo Nakamura, Kazuo Saito, H. Yoshii, M. Yosei, and K. Hibino

Subjects
High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), Physics, Atmospheric Science, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Conjunction (astronomy), Gamma ray, FOS: Physical sciences, Astrophysics, Electron, Radio atmospheric, 01 natural sciences, Lightning, High Energy Physics - Experiment, Physics - Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics, High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex), Geophysics, Space and Planetary Science, Electric field, Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics (physics.ao-ph), Earth and Planetary Sciences (miscellaneous), Atmospheric electricity, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Cosmic-ray observatory, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract

In this paper we report the first close, high-resolution observations of downward-directed terrestrial gamma-ray flashes (TGFs) detected by the large-area Telescope Array cosmic ray observatory, obtained in conjunction with broadband VHF interferometer and fast electric field change measurements of the parent discharge. The results show that the TGFs occur during strong initial breakdown pulses (IBPs) in the first few milliseconds of negative cloud-to-ground and low-altitude intracloud flashes, and that the IBPs are produced by a newly-identified streamer-based discharge process called fast negative breakdown. The observations indicate the relativistic runaway electron avalanches (RREAs) responsible for producing the TGFs are initiated by embedded spark-like transient conducting events (TCEs) within the fast streamer system, and potentially also by individual fast streamers themselves. The TCEs are inferred to be the cause of impulsive sub-pulses that are characteristic features of classic IBP sferics. Additional development of the avalanches would be facilitated by the enhanced electric field ahead of the advancing front of the fast negative breakdown. In addition to showing the nature of IBPs and their enigmatic sub-pulses, the observations also provide a possible explanation for the unsolved question of how the streamer to leader transition occurs during the initial negative breakdown, namely as a result of strong currents flowing in the final stage of successive IBPs, extending backward through both the IBP itself and the negative streamer breakdown preceding the IBP., Comment: Typo fixed and reference added. Manuscript is 36 pages. Supplemental Information is 42 pages. This paper is to be published in the Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres. Online data repository: Open Science Framework DOI: 10.17605/OSF.IO/Z3XDA

Published
2020

41. SLAU2 applied to two-dimensional, ideal magnetohydrodynamics simulations

Author

Keiichi Kitamura, Dongsu Ryu, and Tomohiro Mamashita

Subjects
Physics, General Computer Science, MHD, Hypersonic flow, General Engineering, Numerical flux, Euler Fluxes, Mechanics, Classification of discontinuities, Solver, Robustness (computer science), Numerical tests, Magnetohydrodynamics, SLAU2
Abstract

SLAU2 (Simple Low-dissipation Advection-Upstream-splitting-method 2) numerical flux function, one of AUSM-type methods (3-wave solver), originally developed and widely used in gasdynamics, has been applied to two-dimensional magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) simulations. According to numerical tests for a wide range of flow and magnetic conditions, its reliability, efficiency, and accuracy have been demonstrated: i) Robustness of SLAU2 against shock-anomalies (e.g., carbuncle phenomena) has been confirmed in the MHD-extended version of our hypersonic flow test; ii) The computational cost has been reduced for approximately 3% compared with HLLD (Harten-Lax-van_Leer with Discontinuities), a more expensive, 5-wave solver; iii) Nevertheless, its solution qualities are almost equal to those of HLLD, as opposed to very diffused HLL solutions. For benchmark tests, detailed and important flow physics such as multidimensional shock/shock interactions have been successfully reproduced by SLAU2. We hope that SLAU2 will contribute to further progress of the astrophysics and other research fields.

Published
2020

42. Development of an Extremely High Thermal Conductivity TIM for Large Electronics Packages in the 4th Industrial Revolution Era

Author

Michael G. Kelly, SangHyoun Lee, Ron Huemoeller, JinYoung Khim, WonChul Do, YoungDo Kweon, KwangSeok Oh, HyunHye Jung, MiKyeong Choi, DongSu Ryu, and KyungRok Park

Subjects
Thermal conductivity, Materials science, business.industry, Ball grid array, Temperature cycling, Heat sink, Thermal conduction, business, Engineering physics, Flip chip, Highly accelerated stress test, Thermal energy
Abstract

The capability and diversity of high-performance microprocessors is increasing with each process technology generation to meet increasing application demands. The cooling designs for these chips must deal with larger temperature gradients across the die than previous generations. Dissipation of the thermal energy from heat generating parts to a heat sink via conduction occurs through a thermal interfacial material (TIM). One of the most important parameters of TIMs is their thermal conductivity that impacts the efficiency of the thermal management. Therefore, in this study, three new different types of TIMs with high thermal conductivity (> 20W/mK) were examined.In this paper, workability and reliability test results will be shown for metal sheet TIM (60W/mK), graphite sheet TIM (24W/mK) and silver (Ag) sintered TIM (50W/mK) materials. All test package sizes are covered with 52.5-mm body size or 45-mm body size for large package with > 45-mm body size in a flip chip ball grid array (FCBGA) package. The reliability test items are high-temperature storage (HTS) @ 150’C 1000hrs, temperature cycling (TC) ‘B’ 1000X and unbiased highly accelerated stress test (uHAST) for 96hrs. Open/short (O/S) test, scanning acoustic tomography (SAT) or X-ray analysis data are reported. Post reliability test, lid pull test results will be shown as well.

Published
2020

43. Reconstruction of Radio Relics and X-ray Tails in an Off-axis Cluster Merger: Hydrodynamical Simulations of A115

Author

Marcus Brüggen, Taysun Kimm, Dongsu Ryu, Wonki Lee, Hyesung Kang, and M. James Jee

Subjects
Physics, Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO), 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Orientation (computer vision), Adaptive mesh refinement, Binary number, FOS: Physical sciences, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Astrophysics, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, 01 natural sciences, Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies, Shock (mechanics), Acceleration, Radio relics, Space and Planetary Science, Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA), 0103 physical sciences, Cluster (physics), 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Galaxy cluster, Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract

Although a merging galaxy cluster is a useful laboratory to study many important astrophysical processes and fundamental physics, only limited interpretations are possible without careful analysis of the merger scenario. However, the study is demanding because a thorough comparison of multi-wavelength observations with detailed numerical simulations is required. In this paper, we present such a study for the off-axis binary merger A115. The system possesses a number of remarkable observational features, but no convincing merger scenario, explaining the shape and location of the radio relic in harmony with the orientation of the cometary X-ray tails, has been presented. Our hydrodynamical simulation, with adaptive mesh refinement, suggests that the cometary X-ray tail of A115 might be a slingshot tail and can arise $\sim0.3$ Gyrs after the impact and before the two subclusters reach their apocenters. This scenario can predict the location and orientation of the giant radio relic, which is parallel to the northern X-ray tail. In addition, our study indicates that diffusive shock acceleration alone cannot generate the observed radio power unless aided by stronger magnetic fields and/or more significant presence of fossil electrons., 14 pages, 11 figures, ApJ in press

Published
2020

44. Search for Large-scale Anisotropy on Arrival Directions of Ultra-high-energy Cosmic Rays Observed with the Telescope Array Experiment

Author

Takashi Sako, Hideaki Shimodaira, Hyoming Jeong, Ryo Higuchi, Inkyu Park, Kenta Yashiro, R. U. Abbasi, Tareq Abu-Zayyad, R. Azuma, Fumiya Shibata, F. Kakimoto, R. Ishimori, Daisuke Ikeda, K. Yamazaki, H. Kawai, Tiffany Wong, R. Takeishi, Masaki Fukushima, Maxim Pshirkov, Hongsu Kim, B. K. Shin, Hideki Tanaka, Toshiyuki Fujii, B. G. Cheon, T. Seki, John Belz, K. Kawata, BayarJon Paul Lubsandorzhiev, Akimichi Taketa, Min Hyo Kim, G. Furlich, Takaaki Ishii, Mayuko Minamino, K. Honda, Takayuki Tomida, Seok Ho Jeong, K. H. Lee, Yuta Tanoue, Masaaki Tanaka, D. C. Rodriguez, T.-A. Shibata, S. Kawakami, Motoki Hayashi, Zach Zundel, Peter Tinyakov, Samuel Blake, Gordon Thomson, Ben Stokes, Tom Stroman, Robert Cady, J. P. Lundquist, Shoichi Ogio, Kozo Fujisue, Hiroyuki Sagawa, M. Yamamoto, M. Yosei, Hidemi Ito, Grigory Rubtsov, Koichi Sekino, Kiyoshi Tanaka, D. R. Bergman, T. Suzawa, Y. Zhezher, Heungsu Shin, Isaac Myers, Katsuaki Kasahara, Y. Takahashi, Mai Takamura, Nobuyuki Sakurai, Yuya Oku, Oleg Kalashev, K. Hibino, Shoichi Kishigami, M. Allen, Sergey Troitsky, Toru Nakamura, Kenichi Kadota, T. Matsuyama, S. Ozawa, Masaomi Ono, Toshiyuki Nonaka, Y. Uchihori, Kei Nakai, Ryota Onogi, A. Di Matteo, J. Remington, Hideyuki Ohoka, R. Mayta, Vladim Kuzmin, Ryota Fujiwara, Keitaro Fujita, Saori Kasami, Shingo Kawana, Naoto Sakaki, Naoaki Hayashida, Yoshihiko Nakamura, William Hanlon, Priti Shah, T. Okuda, J. Yang, Masato Takita, R. Sahara, Pierre Sokolsky, M. Takeda, Shigehiro Nagataki, M. Abe, Akitoshi Oshima, Y. Tsunesada, H. Tokuno, Younghoon Kwon, J. D. Smith, J. H. Kim, Elliott Barcikowski, Dmitri Ivanov, Keijiro Mukai, Jyunsei Chiba, Dongsu Ryu, Hirokazu Iwakura, Y. Takagi, Kohei Yada, Y. Omura, Igor Tkachev, Naohiro Sone, H. Oda, N. Inoue, M. Ohnishi, Taichi Inadomi, Federico R. Urban, S. Udo, C. C. H. Jui, Kengo Sano, S. B. Thomas, Yasunori Saito, Yuichiro Tameda, John N. Matthews, S. W. Kim, Hiroyuki Matsumiya, M. Chikawa, Takafumi Uehama, Eiji Kido, M. V. Kuznetsov, Kazuhiro Machida, and Ryo Nakamura

Subjects
Physics, Pierre Auger Observatory, High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, FOS: Physical sciences, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Cosmic ray, 01 natural sciences, Auger, Computational physics, law.invention, Telescope, Dipole, Amplitude, Space and Planetary Science, law, 0103 physical sciences, Ultra-high-energy cosmic ray, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Anisotropy, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract

Motivated by the detection of a significant dipole structure in the arrival directions of ultrahigh-energy cosmic rays above 8 EeV reported by the Pierre Auger Observatory (Auger), we search for a large-scale anisotropy using data collected with the surface detector array of the Telescope Array Experiment (TA). With 11 years of TA data, a dipole structure in a projection of the right ascension is fitted with an amplitude of 3.3+- 1.9% and a phase of 131 +- 33 degrees. The corresponding 99% confidence-level upper limit on the amplitude is 7.3%. At the current level of statistics, the fitted result is compatible with both an isotropic distribution and the dipole structure reported by Auger., Comment: 6 pages, 3 figures, 1 table, Proofed title. Added journal reference and DOI

Published
2020
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45. Time-resolved fast turbulent dynamo in a laser plasma

Author

J. Steven Ross, Charlotte Palmer, Francesco Miniati, Gianluca Gregori, Robert Bingham, Brian Reville, Fredrick Seguin, Chikang Li, Thomas G. White, D. Q. Lamb, Petros Tzeferacos, R. D. Petrasso, C. Graziani, Michel Koenig, A. Rigby, Anthony R. Bell, Laura Chen, A. Birkel, Joseph Katz, Jena Meinecke, Bruce Remington, Dmitri Ryutov, Dustin Froula, Matthew W. Kunz, A. F. A. Bott, Alexander Schekochihin, Dongsu Ryu, Hye-Sook Park, Laboratoire pour l'utilisation des lasers intenses (LULI), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and KOENIG, Michel

Subjects
Physics, [PHYS]Physics [physics], Multidisciplinary, Magnetic energy, FOS: Physical sciences, Plasma, 01 natural sciences, Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies, Action (physics), Physics - Plasma Physics, [PHYS] Physics [physics], Computational physics, Magnetic field, Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph), Orders of magnitude (time), Intracluster medium, Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA), Physical Sciences, Physics::Space Physics, 0103 physical sciences, Magnetohydrodynamics, 010306 general physics, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, QC, Dynamo
Abstract

Understanding magnetic-field generation and amplification in turbulent plasma is essential to account for observations of magnetic fields in the universe. A theoretical framework attributing the origin and sustainment of these fields to the so-called fluctuation dynamo was recently validated by experiments on laser facilities in low-magnetic-Prandtl-number plasmas ($\mathrm{Pm} < 1$). However, the same framework proposes that the fluctuation dynamo should operate differently when $\mathrm{Pm} \gtrsim 1$, the regime relevant to many astrophysical environments such as the intracluster medium of galaxy clusters. This paper reports a new experiment that creates a laboratory $\mathrm{Pm} \gtrsim 1$ plasma dynamo for the first time. We provide a time-resolved characterization of the plasma's evolution, measuring temperatures, densities, flow velocities and magnetic fields, which allows us to explore various stages of the fluctuation dynamo's operation. The magnetic energy in structures with characteristic scales close to the driving scale of the stochastic motions is found to increase by almost three orders of magnitude from its initial value and saturate dynamically. It is shown that the growth of these fields occurs exponentially at a rate that is much greater than the turnover rate of the driving-scale stochastic motions. Our results point to the possibility that plasma turbulence produced by strong shear can generate fields more efficiently at the driving scale than anticipated by idealized MHD simulations of the nonhelical fluctuation dynamo; this finding could help explain the large-scale fields inferred from observations of astrophysical systems., 12 pages, 9 figures

Published
2020
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46. Chandra Observations of the Spectacular A3411-12 Merger Event

Author

Stephen S. Murray, Kevin Fogarty, Andra Stroe, Reinout J. van Weeren, Felipe Andrade-Santos, Marcus Brüggen, Hyesung Kang, Christine Jones, Dongsu Ryu, William A. Dawson, William R. Forman, David Sobral, Vinicius M. Placco, Nathan Golovich, Rafael M. Santucci, Dharam V. Lal, Gabriella Di Gennaro, Ralph P. Kraft, David Wittman, and M. James Jee

Subjects
010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, astro-ph.GA, Population, FOS: Physical sciences, Shock strength, Astrophysics, Electron, Astronomy & Astrophysics, Atomic, Physical Chemistry, 01 natural sciences, Particle and Plasma Physics, Radio relics, 0103 physical sciences, Cluster (physics), clusters: general [galaxies], Nuclear, education, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Scaling, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, astro-ph.HE, High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), Physics, education.field_of_study, clusters: individual [galaxies], Molecular, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies, clusters: intracluster medium [galaxies], Space and Planetary Science, Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA), Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Mass fraction, Event (particle physics), Astronomical and Space Sciences, Physical Chemistry (incl. Structural)
Abstract

We present deep Chandra observations of A3411-12, a remarkable merging cluster that hosts the most compelling evidence for electron re-acceleration at cluster shocks to date. Using the $Y_X-M$ scaling relation, we find $r_{500} \sim 1.3$ Mpc, $M_{500} = (7.1 \pm 0.7) \times 10^{14} \ M_{\rm{\odot}}$, $kT=6.5\pm 0.1$ keV, and a gas mass of $M_{\rm g,500} = (9.7 \pm 0.1) \times 10^{13} M_\odot$. The gas mass fraction within $r_{500}$ is $f_{\rm g} = 0.14 \pm 0.01$. We compute the shock strength using density jumps to conclude that the Mach number of the merging subcluster is small ($M \leq 1.15_{-0.09}^{+0.14}$). We also present pseudo-density, projected temperature, pseudo-pressure, and pseudo-entropy maps. Based on the pseudo-entropy map we conclude that the cluster is undergoing a mild merger, consistent with the small Mach number. On the other hand, radio relics extend over Mpc scale in the A3411-12 system, which strongly suggests that a population of energetic electrons already existed over extended regions of the cluster., Comment: 23 pages, 17 figures, 4 tables. Accepted for publication in ApJ

Published
2019

47. Gamma Ray Showers Observed at Ground Level in Coincidence With Downward Lightning Leaders

Author

Fumiya Shibata, R. W. Springer, Maxim Pshirkov, John Belz, Akitoshi Oshima, Hiroyuki Sagawa, Fumio Kakimoto, D. R. Bergman, Zach Zundel, K. Hibino, Koichi Sekino, K. Kasahara, Y. Tsunesada, Hideaki Shimodaira, Ryo Nakamura, R. LeVon, Hongsu Kim, Kazuo Saito, Shoichi Kishigami, Heungsu Shin, Shunsuke Ozawa, Mayuko Minamino, K. Honda, Hidemi Ito, K. Martens, Toshitsugu Fujii, M. Yamamoto, Y. Yoneda, N. Inoue, G. Vasiloff, Ryuji Takeishi, Masato Takita, Nobuyuki Sakurai, Masaomi Ono, Priti Shah, Hideki Tanaka, Grigory Rubtsov, M. Ohnishi, H. Yoshii, Ryota Onogi, Ben Stokes, Daisuke Ikeda, Elliott Barcikowski, Sergey Troitsky, Masaaki Tanaka, T. Matuyama, Vladim Kuzmin, Jyunsei Chiba, Dongsu Ryu, M. Allen, Helio Takai, Takayuki Tomida, Dmitri Ivanov, Tiffany Wong, B. G. Cheon, Keijiro Mukai, S. Jeong, Masaki Fukushima, B. K. Shin, K. Oki, Federico R. Urban, J. Remington, S. Udo, C. C. H. Jui, Tareq Abu-Zayyad, R. Yamane, Peter Tinyakov, Samuel Blake, Shoichi Ogio, Rasha Abbasi, William Rison, H. Kawai, Michiyuki Chikawa, M. Byrne, Naoaki Hayashida, S. Kawakami, Kiyoshi Tanaka, S. B. Thomas, Akimichi Taketa, Y. Hayashi, Toru Nakamura, K. Kawata, T. Seki, Kenichi Kadota, J. Lan, Igor Tkachev, R. Cady, J. P. Lundquist, G. Furlich, Takaaki Ishii, D. Rodeheffer, Toshiyuki Nonaka, T.-A. Shibata, Gordon Thomson, S. Yoshida, Hiroshi Yamaoka, Tom Stroman, Naoto Sakaki, Kenta Yashiro, D. C. Rodriguez, Isaac Myers, Inkyu Park, Y. Uchihori, H. Tokuno, K. Yamazaki, J. D. Smith, Yuichiro Tameda, John N. Matthews, William Hanlon, T. Okuda, J. H. Kim, J. Yang, Y. J. Kwon, Hideyuki Ohoka, Paul R. Krehbiel, T. Goto, Eiji Kido, Pierre Sokolsky, Kazuhiro Machida, M. Takeda, Shigehiro Nagataki, R. J. Thomas, and O. Kalashev

Subjects
Atmospheric Science, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, FOS: Physical sciences, Astrophysics, Radiation, 01 natural sciences, High Energy Physics - Experiment, law.invention, Telescope, High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex), Electron avalanche, law, 0103 physical sciences, Earth and Planetary Sciences (miscellaneous), Cosmic-ray observatory, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), Physics, Lightning detection, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Gamma ray, Lightning, Physics - Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics, Geophysics, 13. Climate action, Space and Planetary Science, Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics (physics.ao-ph), Satellite, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Abstract

Bursts of gamma ray showers have been observed in coincidence with downward propagating negative leaders in lightning flashes by the Telescope Array Surface Detector (TASD). The TASD is a 700~square kilometer cosmic ray observatory located in southwestern Utah, U.S.A. In data collected between 2014 and 2016, correlated observations showing the structure and temporal development of three shower-producing flashes were obtained with a 3D lightning mapping array, and electric field change measurements were obtained for an additional seven flashes, in both cases co-located with the TASD. National Lightning Detection Network (NLDN) information was also used throughout. The showers arrived in a sequence of 2--5 short-duration ($\le$10~$\mu$s) bursts over time intervals of several hundred microseconds, and originated at an altitude of $\simeq$3--5 kilometers above ground level during the first 1--2 ms of downward negative leader breakdown at the beginning of cloud-to-ground lightning flashes. The shower footprints, associated waveforms and the effect of atmospheric propagation indicate that the showers consist primarily of downward-beamed gamma radiation. This has been supported by GEANT simulation studies, which indicate primary source fluxes of $\simeq$$10^{12}$--$10^{14}$ photons for $16^{\circ}$ half-angle beams. We conclude that the showers are terrestrial gamma-ray flashes (TGFs), similar to those observed by satellites, but that the ground-based observations are more representative of the temporal source activity and are also more sensitive than satellite observations, which detect only the most powerful TGFs.

Published
2018

48. A Simulation Study of Ultra-relativistic Jets. II. Structures and Dynamics of FR-II Jets

Author

Dongsu Ryu, Hyesung Kang, and Jeongbhin Seo

Subjects
High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), Physics, Jet (fluid), Turbulence, Radio galaxy, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, FOS: Physical sciences, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Mechanics, Dissipation, Acceleration, Astrophysical jet, Space and Planetary Science, Intracluster medium, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Backflow
Abstract

We study the structures of ultra-relativistic jets injected into the intracluster medium (ICM) and the associated flow dynamics, such as shocks, velocity shear, and turbulence, through three-dimensional relativistic hydrodynamic (RHD) simulations. To that end, we have developed a high-order accurate RHD code, equipped with a weighted essentially non-oscillatory (WENO) scheme and a realistic equation of state (Seo et al. 2021, Paper I). Using the code, we explore a set of jet models with the parameters relevant to FR-II radio galaxies. We confirm that the overall jet morphology is primarily determined by the jet power, and the jet-to-background density and pressure ratios play secondary roles. Jets with higher powers propagate faster, resulting in more elongated structures, while those with lower powers produce more extended cocoons. Shear interfaces in the jet are dynamically unstable, and hence, chaotic structures with shocks and turbulence develop. We find that the fraction of the jet-injected energy dissipated through shocks and turbulence is greater in less powerful jets, although the actual amount of the dissipated energy is larger in more powerful jets. In lower power jets, the backflow is dominant in the energy dissipation owing to the broad cocoon filled with shocks and turbulence. In higher power jets, by contrast, both the backflow and jet spine flow are important for the energy dissipation. Our results imply that different mechanisms, such as diffusive shock acceleration, shear acceleration, and stochastic turbulent acceleration, may be involved in the production of ultra-high energy cosmic rays in FR-II radio galaxies., 27 pages, 16 figures, accepted for publication in ApJ

Published
2021

49. Microinstabilities in the Transition Region of Weak Quasi-perpendicular Intracluster Shocks

Author

Dongsu Ryu, Hyesung Kang, Sunjung Kim, and Ji-Hoon Ha

Subjects
High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), Physics, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Shock (fluid dynamics), Whistler, FOS: Physical sciences, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Electron, 01 natural sciences, Instability, Ion, Particle acceleration, Physics::Plasma Physics, Space and Planetary Science, Intracluster medium, Physics::Space Physics, 0103 physical sciences, Electron temperature, Atomic physics, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract

Microinstabilities play important roles in both entropy generation and particle acceleration in collisionless shocks. Recent studies have suggested that in the transition zone of quasi-perpendicular ($Q_{\perp}$) shocks in the high-beta ($\beta=P_{\rm gas}/P_{\rm B}$) intracluster medium (ICM), the ion temperature anisotropy due to the reflected-gyrating ions could trigger the Alfv\'en ion cyclotron (AIC) instability and the ion-mirror instability, while the electron temperature anisotropy induced by magnetic field compression could excite the whistler instability and the electron-mirror instability. Adopting the numerical estimates for ion and electron temperature anisotropies found in particle-in-cell (PIC) simulations of $Q_{\perp}$-shocks with sonic Mach numbers, $M_{\rm s}=2-3$, we carry out a linear stability analysis for these microinstabilities. The kinetic properties of the microinstabilities and the ensuing plasma waves on both ion and electron scales are described for wide ranges of parameters, including the dependence on $\beta$ and the ion-to-electron mass ratio. In addition, the nonlinear evolution of induced plasma waves are examined by performing 2D PIC simulations with periodic boundary conditions. We find that for $\beta\approx 20-100$, the AIC instability could induce ion-scale waves and generate shock surface ripples in supercritical shocks above the AIC critical Mach number, $M_{\rm AIC}^{*} \approx 2.3$. Also electron-scale waves are generated primarily by the whistler instability in these high-$\beta$ shocks. The resulting multi-scale waves from electron to ion scales are thought to be essential in electron injection to the diffusive shock acceleration mechanism in $Q_{\perp}$-shocks in the ICM., Comment: 15 pages, 7 figures

Published
2021

50. The bursts of high energy events observed by the telescope array surface detector

Author

Hiroshi Yamaoka, T. Suzawa, Robert M. Anderson, Hideaki Shimodaira, Isaac Myers, M. Abe, Kenta Yashiro, T. Goto, Elliott Barcikowski, Dmitri Ivanov, Keijiro Mukai, Maxim Pshirkov, Sergey Troitsky, A. L. Sampson, Takaaki Ishii, Kanako Yamazaki, Priti Shah, K. Tsutsumi, S. Kitamura, Fumiya Shibata, D. C. Rodriguez, Hidemi Ito, S. Kawakami, J. P. Lundquist, Keiji Saito, Igor Tkachev, R. Ishimori, John Belz, R. W. Springer, Pierre Sokolsky, Naoaki Hayashida, Akimichi Taketa, Ben Stokes, K. Oki, Koichi Sekino, H. Yoshii, Tareq Abu-Zayyad, R. Yamane, Federico R. Urban, Kiyoshi Tanaka, Y. Yoneda, N. Inoue, M. Ohnishi, Michiyuki Chikawa, Hiroyuki Sagawa, R. Zollinger, S. Udo, C. C. H. Jui, Heungsu Shin, M. Takeda, Shigehiro Nagataki, Ryuji Takeishi, Akitoshi Oshima, Y. Uchihori, Y. J. Kwon, Hideyuki Ohoka, K. Nagasawa, S. B. Thomas, Tomohiro Matsuda, H. Kawai, Mai Takamura, T.-A. Shibata, Fumio Kakimoto, Peter Tinyakov, Gordon Thomson, K. Hibino, Samuel Blake, Byung Gu Cheon, Tom Stroman, Robert Cady, Shoichi Ogio, Zach Zundel, Hang Bae Kim, G. Vasiloff, L. M. Scott, J. Ogura, K. Martens, Hideki Tanaka, Jyunsei Chiba, Dongsu Ryu, B. K. Shin, Takayuki Tomida, Masato Takita, Mayuko Minamino, K. Honda, Yasunori Kitamura, Rasha Abbasi, A. Nozato, Y. Hayashi, Yoshiki Tsunesada, Daisuke Ikeda, M. Allen, Inkyu Park, S. R. Stratton, K. Kawata, Masaaki Tanaka, Nobuyuki Sakurai, Tiffany Wong, Masaki Fukushima, Douglas Bergman, Takahiro Fujii, V. Kuzmin, Ryota Onogi, J. H. Kim, S. Yoshida, Naoto Sakaki, O. Kalashev, Toru Nakamura, Eiji Kido, Kazuhiro Machida, Kenichi Kadota, T. Matsuyama, S. Ozawa, Yasunori Saito, K. Kasahara, Shoichi Kishigami, R. Azuma, Yuichiro Tameda, John N. Matthews, Masaomi Ono, G. Rubtsov, Shingo Kawana, William Hanlon, T. Okuda, J. Yang, H. Tokuno, J. D. Smith, J. Lan, and Toshiyuki Nonaka

Subjects
Physics, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Gamma ray, General Physics and Astronomy, Astronomy, Cosmic ray, Astrophysics, 01 natural sciences, Lightning, Particle detector, law.invention, Telescope, Air shower, law, 0103 physical sciences, Ultra-high-energy cosmic ray, 010306 general physics, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Terrestrial gamma-ray flash
Abstract

The Telescope Array (TA) experiment is designed to detect air showers induced by ultra high energy cosmic rays. The TA ground Surface particle Detector (TASD) observed several short-time bursts of air shower like events. These bursts are not likely due to chance coincidence between single shower events. The expectation of chance coincidence is less than 10 − 4 for five-year's observation. We checked the correlation between these bursts of events and lightning data, and found evidence for correlations in timing and position. Some features of the burst events are similar to those of a normal cosmic ray air shower, and some are not. On this paper, we report the observed bursts of air shower like events and their correlation with lightning.

Published
2017

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