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RESUMO Objetivo: analisar os fatores de estresse psicológico e a concentração de cortisol salivar de graduandos de Enfermagem ao longo da formação. Método: estudo transversal, analítico e comparativo realizado em curso noturno por meio de questionário sociodemográfico, Instrumento para Avaliação de Estresse em Estudantes de Enfermagem e análise do cortisol salivar. Foram feitas análises descritivas, comparativas e modelo de regressão linear múltipla. Resultados: um total de 187 responderam aos questionários, e 129 tiveram o cortisol quantificado. Os domínios Realização das Atividades Práticas, Comunicação Profissional e Formação Profissional representaram os fatores de estresse com os maiores valores médios para alunos do 3º, 4º e 5º anos em comparação ao 1º e 2º anos. Para o 5º ano, foram os domínios Comunicação Profissional e Formação Profissional em relação ao 3º ano e Ambiente em comparação ao 1º e 3º anos. Obteve-se resultado significativo entre os horários das coletas de cortisol para homens (p < 0,0001), mulheres (p < 0,0001) e para o 1º (p = 0,0319) 2º (p = 0,0245) e 5º (p < 0,0001) anos. Conclusão alunos do 3º ao 5º ano tiveram maior exposição aos fatores de estresse, e houve ajustes na ritmicidade de produção do cortisol para alunos do 1º, 2º e 5º anos.

Objective: to analyze psychological stress factors and salivary cortisol concentration in nursing undergraduates throughout their training. Method: a cross-sectional, analytical, and comparative study carried out in an evening course using a sociodemographic questionnaire, an Instrument to Assess Stress in Nursing Students, and salivary cortisol analysis. The study included descriptive and comparative analyses and a multiple linear regression model. Results: 187 participants answered the questionnaires, and 129 had their cortisol quantified. The domains Practical Activities Execution, Professional Communication, and Professional Training represented the stress factors with the highest mean values for 3rd, 4th, and 5th-year students compared to 1st and 2nd year. For the 5th year, it was the domains Professional Communication and Professional Training compared to the 3rd year and Environment compared to the 1st and 3rd year. A significant result was obtained between the times of cortisol collections for males (p < 0.0001), females (p < 0.0001), and for 1st (p = 0.0319) 2nd (p = 0.0245), and 5th (p < 0.0001) years. Conclusion: Students in years 3 through 5 had higher exposure to stressors, and there were adjustments in cortisol production rhythmicity for students in years 1, 2, and 5. RESUMEN Objetivo: analizar los factores de estrés psicológico y la concentración de cortisol salivar de estudiantes de enfermería a lo largo de su formación. Método: es un estudio transversal, analítico y comparativo realizado en un curso nocturno mediante cuestionario sociodemográfico, Instrumento para Evaluación del Estrés en Estudiantes de Enfermería y análisis del cortisol salivar. Se llevaron a cabo diversos análisis descriptivos, comparativos y modelo de regresión linear múltiple. Resultados: 187 respondieron a los cuestionarios y a 129 se les cuantificó el cortisol. Los dominios Realización de Actividades Prácticas, Comunicación Profesional y Formación Profesional representaron los factores de estrés con los valores medios más altos en los estudiantes de 3er, 4º y 5º año en comparación con los de 1er y 2º año. Para el 5º año fueron los dominios Comunicación Profesional y Formación Profesional en comparación con el 3er año y Medio Ambiente en comparación con el 1er y 3er año. Se obtuvo un resultado significativo entre los momentos de las recogidas de cortisol de los hombres (p < 0,0001), de las mujeres (p < 0,0001), y del 1er (p = 0,0319), 2º (p = 0,0245) y 5º (p < 0,0001) año. Conclusión: los alumnos de 3er a 5º año tuvieron una mayor exposición a los estresores y hubo ajustes en la ritmicidad de la producción de cortisol en los alumnos de 1er, 2º y 5º año. RESUMO Objetivo: analisar os fatores de estresse psicológico e a concentração de cortisol salivar de graduandos de Enfermagem ao longo da formação. Método: estudo transversal, analítico e comparativo realizado em curso noturno por meio de questionário sociodemográfico, Instrumento para Avaliação de Estresse em Estudantes de Enfermagem e análise do cortisol salivar. Foram feitas análises descritivas, comparativas e modelo de regressão linear múltipla. Resultados: um total de 187 responderam aos questionários, e 129 tiveram o cortisol quantificado. Os domínios Realização das Atividades Práticas, Comunicação Profissional e Formação Profissional representaram os fatores de estresse com os maiores valores médios para alunos do 3º, 4º e 5º anos em comparação ao 1º e 2º anos. Para o 5º ano, foram os domínios Comunicação Profissional e Formação Profissional em relação ao 3º ano e Ambiente em comparação ao 1º e 3º anos. Obteve-se resultado significativo entre os horários das coletas de cortisol para homens (p < 0,0001), mulheres (p < 0,0001) e para o 1º (p = 0,0319) 2º (p = 0,0245) e 5º (p < 0,0001) anos. Conclusão alunos do 3º ao 5º ano tiveram maior exposição aos fatores de estresse, e houve ajustes na ritmicidade de produção do cortisol para alunos do 1º, 2º e 5º anos.

Undergraduate students experience many levels of stress throughout their university trajectory. The pressure to achieve good results highlight the exams week in the Universities as a stimulus that triggers psychosocial stress and increased release of cortisol. Considering the increasingly experience an undue amount of stress, we aimed in this study to investigate the short- and long-term effects of exams week on HPA axis in undergraduates by the cortisol production. Twenty-eight undergraduates aged 18-24 years from biological sciences during the final exams’ week at the end of the school year collected hair and saliva for cortisol measures. Hair cortisol was significantly higher in exams month. They exhibited cortisol rhythmicity and preserved CAR (cortisol awakening response) even under psychosocial stress. The exams week is a trigger for psychosocial stress, however, did not generate significant short-term changes in cortisol rhythmicity. Thus, it is evident that young people adapt to the stressful stimulus, avoiding a possible trigger for mental illness.

Background: The current situation due COVID-19 may cause an eminent impact on mental health because the confinement restrictions. Aims: The aim of this study was to analyze and compare perceived stress, resilience, depression symptoms and coping strategies on the members of University of Campinas, in Brazil, before and during the outbreak of the COVID-19. Methods: Volunteers over 18 years of both sexes, members of the University of Campinas (Unicamp) in Brazil answered instruments related to perceived stress, depression, resilience and coping strategies during final exams at the end of semester during 2018 to 2020. Results: We obtained 1,135 responses (893 before COVID-19 and 242 during COVID-19). The volunteers did not show significant differences for perceived stress, depressive signs and resilience before and during the pandemic. In both periods, men exhibited lower scores for perceived stress and depression and higher scores for resilience when compared to women. Undergraduate and graduate students exhibited higher perceived stress scores, more pronounced depressive signs and lower resilience, and employees and professors presented lower scores for perceived stress, depressive signs and greater resilience. Conclusions: These first months of confinement did not directly affect the scores of perceived stress, depression and resilience, however, each subgroup adapted to the new routine by changing the coping strategy used. This study suggests the importance of monitoring the mental health of member in the university, especially in times of epidemic, in the search for policies that aim to improve the resilience of the population and seek positive and effective coping strategies within the university environment.

Objectives We searched for interactions between PER3 gene VNTR polymorphism, latitude, sleep duration, diurnal sleepiness, and social jetlag. Design We selected samples from 3 distinct cities along the latitudinal range of Brazil and comprising the same time zone. Setting Undergraduate universities located in 3 major cities of Brazil. Participants A total of 980 undergraduate students: 276 from Maceio (latitude 9°), 358 from Campinas (latitude 22°), and 346 from Porto Alegre (latitude 30°). Measurements PER3 variable number of tandem repeats genotyping, diurnal sleepiness, sleep duration (weekdays and weekend), chronotype, and social jetlag. Results Latitude is associated with a differential expression of circadian and sleep profiles. We observed a shift toward eveningness with increased latitude and increased social jetlag and diurnal sleepiness at latitude 30°. Moreover, our results suggest that the PER3 variable number of tandem repeats polymorphism has a modulatory effect on these circadian and sleep profiles: the variant PER3 4/4 is associated with a smaller difference in the sleep duration on weekdays among different latitudes and is associated with longer sleep duration on weekends just at latitude 30°, even when compared to both other genotypes at the same latitude. On the other hand, irrespective of the genotype, volunteers from latitude 30° expressed increased social jetlag and diurnal sleepiness. Conclusions The seasonal variation in the light/dark cycle, tied to latitude, together with the tight social time constraints that young adults are subjected to during weekdays, generates differences in the sleep phenotypes. Volunteers with the PER3 4/4 variant who live farther from the equator have a greater increase in their weekend sleep duration.

We investigate the effects of a massage therapy program (MTP) in cortisol concentration (CC), intensity of pain, quality of life and perceived stress index of fibromyalgia patients. Volunteers (n = 24, aged 26–55 years) were treated with MT, twice a week for three months. They answered the Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire (FIQ), Perceived Stress Questionnaire (PSQ) and McGill Pain Questionnaire (MPQ-Br), and collected saliva to evaluate CC before and after the end of each month. The MT had improvement in quality of life, according to the FIQ results, and promoted reduction in PSQ values after the second (PSQ2-0.62 ± 0.04vsPSQ0-0.71 ± 0.04) and third month (PSQ3–0.64 ± 0.04vsPSQ0-0.71 ± 0.04). The MTP also promoted reduction in pain after the third month (MQP-Br1-44.50 ± 2.15vsMQP-Br4–35.38 ± 3.71). Despite PSQ reduction, the CC were not affected by the program. This pilot suggests that this treatment improved quality of life, reduced perceived stress index and pain in these volunteers.

Psychosocial Stress (PS) can trigger physical and mental modifications to the individual, such as cardiovascular changes and the appearance of depressive signs. The improvement of resilience associated to coping strategies are crucial for a better adaptation and performance in the routine. This project aimed to investigate PS, depressive signs, resilience and coping strategies in the population that is actively experiencing the University of Campinas (UNICAMP) routine. The data was collected at the end of each semester (June/November), the exams months. The first cohort showed that the professors are less stressed and more resilient while undergraduate and postgraduate students are less resilient and exhibited more PS signs. This project intent to create preventive and awareness actions for a healthier routine for the academic population, with the support of existing local structures.

Made available in DSpace on 2021-06-26T06:52:42Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2019-11-01 Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) Rock climbing is a recreational activity that has been steadily growing in popularity over the years. The literature suggests that performers considered lead climbing was more stressful than other styles, but only few authors evaluated physical and mental stress was inherently associated with rock climbing. The aim of this study was to investigate the perceived stress and salivary cortisol release in rock climbers during two specific lead conditions: on-sight lead climb (OC) and flash lead climb (FC) in outdoors routes. Five intermediate male climbers (27.40 +/- 1.30 years) volunteered to attend anthropometric and body composition testing sessions. Psychological stress was measured by perceived stress questionnaire (PSQ), and salivary cortisol was collected at five times in rest (RD) and climbing days, before and after the protocols. PSQ score was 0.21 +/- 0.04 and they exhibited rhythmicity in daily cortisol production, which is most evidenced on RD with all values statistically different from upon awakening. No differences were observed when the days were compared by time point, total daily amount produced (AUC), or before and after the protocol. In conclusion, findings suggest that intermediate climbers appear to produce similar psychological or physiological responses during both climb style, but only on-sight exhibited an alteration in daily cortisol production. Univ Fed Vales Jequitinhonha & Muruci, Dept Educ Fis, Diamantina, Brazil Univ Estadual Campinas, Dept Struct & Funct Biol, LABEEST Lab Stress Study, Inst Biol,UNICAMP, Campinas, SP, Brazil Univ Fed Vales Jequitinhonha & Muruci, Pro Reitoria Assuntos Comunitarios & Estudantis, Diamantina, Brazil Univ Estadual Campinas, Fac Ciencias Med, Unidade Metab, UNICAMP, Campinas, SP, Brazil Univ Estadual Paulista, Lab Estudos Lazer, UNESP, Rio Claro, Brazil Univ Estadual Paulista, Lab Estudos Lazer, UNESP, Rio Claro, Brazil

Increased adipose tissue mass exhibited greater capacity of glucose transformation in lactate, highlighting lactatogenesis as a crucial factor in body size. Classically, lactate produced by isolated adipocytes are expressed per million of cells and were never correlated with their size. Spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) have a lower body weight and smaller adipocytes when compared to Wistar-Kyoto. We evaluated basal lactate by epididymal 15-weeks-old isolated adipocytes of SHR, Wistar-Kyoto and Wistar. Basal lactate was similar when expressed by one million cells. However, SHR adipocytes were smaller, so we adjusted the results by cell volume and SHR showed higher basal lactate production which was directly endorsed by hyperlactatemia in the presented conditions. Thereby, we suggest a new perspective on lactatogenesis analysis by adipocytes, which could be linked to the receptors density and associate enzymes. Moreover, we showed that the thin and hypertensive rats can be hyperlactemic in fasting conditions.

The exams periods are commonly reported to be stressful experiences. The relationship between perceived stress and resilience is well established, however, the relationship with cortisol remains unclear. Considering the stressful environment provided by the university and the lack of studies in the Brazilian context, this study aimed to evaluate and associate perceived stress, resilience and salivary cortisol in pharmacy students during the exams period. Seventy-nine pharmacy undergraduates answered questionnaires related to perceived stress and resilience and collected five saliva samples in an exam and a rest day for cortisol measures at the final exams at the end of the school year. They reported higher scores of perceived stress and intermediate resilience. Women are less resilient and their total cortisol output (AUC) on exams day is significantly higher compared to the rest day, but this difference tends to disappear over the academic year or at the end years. Furthermore, they exhibited cortisol rhythmicity and preserved CAR, with no changes in a short period by the exams, indicating normal, healthy and adaptive HPA-axis reactions to stressors. This study highlighted that students can adapt to stressful situations due to a modulation in the production of cortisol over the time.

Cardiometabolic diseases are linked to a cluster of modifiable factors, including risk factors closely related to central adiposity. Chronic renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) activation has far-reaching effects on cardiometabolic risk and is a substantial contributor to this clinical condition. RAAS components are locally expressed in the vessels and adipose tissue. This review appoints RAAS, through the classical and the alternative view, as the main mediator of the cross-talk in cardiometabolic syndrome.

Na literatura há escassos estudos da ação da drenagem linfática manual (DLM) na composição urinária. O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar a composição urinária de homens e mulheres usuárias ou não de anticoncepcional oral (ACO) após a DLM. Foram estudados 11 homens (H); 11 mulheres não usuárias de ACO (Mn-ACO) e 12 usuárias (M-ACO), com 21,3 ± 2,9 anos, saudáveis, sedentários e eutróficos. As amostras foram coletadas em um dia, sem intervenção terapêutica, denominado controle, e em outro dia com aplicação da DLM. No total de 4 coletas urinárias, foi analisada a osmolaridade (mOsm/L), a concentração de sódio (mM) e o fluxo (mL/min). Para a análise estatí­stica, utilizou-se o software GraphPad Prism 5.01 e o teste de Kolmogorov-Smirnov para verificar a distribuição da normalidade. Os dados paramétricos foram analisados por ANOVA e ANOVA para medidas repetidas, seguido por Tukey ou Kruskal-Wallis e Friedman, seguido por Dunn"™s, para os não paramétricos, com significância p < 0,05. No dia controle, as voluntárias M-ACO apresentaram redução dos eletrólitos e aumento do fluxo urinário. A DLM nos H promoveu redução dos eletrólitos urinários e aumento do fluxo, e em Mn-ACO, aumentou o fluxo. Para M-ACO, a DLM não alterou os efeitos do dia controle. A DLM induz diluição urinária em H e Mn-ACO, entretanto os mecanismos são sexo-dependentes.Palavras-chave: terapia manual, anticoncepcionais, urina.

The literature suggests there may be a positive relationship between body mass gain and the psychosocial stress index (PSSI), which the emotional eating can be considered as an adaptive response to the chronic stress experienced by the individual. The university environment is considered a place of intense psychosocial stress, which can trigger changes in the eating habits of individuals. In this pilot study, volunteers from pharmacy undergraduate course, did not present any kind of correlation between Body Mass Index and high PSSI.

Background: Hypertensive condition can lead to abnormalities in heart structure and electrical activity. The electrocardiogram (ECG) is a recording of the electrical activity of the heart and widely used to diagnose and detect heart problem. Objective: We conducted a comparative ECG analysis between two hypertension models (L-NAME and SHR) and their controls (Wistar and Wistar-Kyoto) at six and 15 th week of age. Methods: Blood pressure was measured at the end of the 15 th week, and electrocardiography was performed [...]

There is a lack of information correlating low adiposity with hypertension experienced by Spontaneous Hypertensive Rats (SHR) or overweight and normotension in Wistar-Kyoto (WKY). We aimed to investigate this lipodystrophy phenomenon by measuring fluorescence lifetime (FLIM), optical redox ratio (ORR), serum levels of hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) and/or hypothalamic–pituitary–thyroid (HPT) hormones axes between Wistar, WKY and SHR before and after establishment of hypertension. Under high blood pressure, we evaluated serum adipokines. Brown adipose tissue was characterized as lower ORR and shorter FLIM compared to white adipose tissue. HPT axis showed a crucial role in the SHR adipose tissue configuration by attenuating whitening. The increased adiposity in WKY may act as a preventive agent for hypertension, since SHR, with low adiposity, establishes the disease. The hypertensive environment can highlight key adipokines that may result in new therapeutic approaches to the treatment of adiposity dysfunctions and hypertension.

A disciplina de Fisiologia Animal Comparada, oferecida como eletiva aos estudantes de Ciências Biológicas da Unicamp, possui 4 créditos e relaciona diversos sistemas integrados da fisiologia de diferentes grupos de animais vertebrados e invertebrados. Como proposta de oferecimento da disciplina no segundo semestre de 2016, os alunos tiveram como desafio elaborar seminários do conteúdo programático e criar estudos de casos de acordo com os sistemas que estavam sendo abordados em sala. Estas atividades resultaram em um material complementar personalizado, contendo também questões e glossários ao fim de cada capítulo. Os estudos de casos eram escolhidos e elaborados pelos grupos de alunos dentro do tópico por eles retratado, os quais posteriormente eram debatidos. Nosso objetivo é transformar esse material em um livro, o qual poderá ser consultado por outros alunos tanto da Unicamp, quanto de outras faculdades e escolas, já que visamos também disponibilizar uma versão digital. Para que nosso objetivo seja alcançado, algumas etapas precisam ser realizadas, como formatação, revisão de bibliografias, checagem dos direitos autorais para o uso das imagens propostas e averiguar a possibilidade de plágio, já que todas as informações ali presentes que se remetem a outros trabalhos devem ser referenciadas.

Adiponectin is an anti-inflammatory adipokine produced by adipose tissue and its concentration is depressed in obesity and systemic arterial hypertension. Studies have established a relationship between the adiponectin plasma concentration and complications such as obesity and renal diseases. Proteinuria indicates renal dysfunction or infection and has a negative correlation with adiponectin plasma concentrations. The Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) and spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) exhibited higher urinary protein concentrations when compared to Wistar rats (WIS). Therefore, this study aimed to evaluated the serum concentrations of adiponectin and its relation to proteinuria in these rats. The results indicate that WKY present a reduction in the adiponectin serum concentration when compared to WIS and SHR. The low production of adiponectin is related to proteinuria and to the heavy weight of these animals. SHR exhibit similar serum adiponectin levels to WIS, suggesting the hypertension as the responsible factor for the renal dysfunction.

Stress at work, vulnerability to stress, job failure, chronic fatigue, anxiety, neuroticism and extraversion, self-concept, seem to be accompanied by significant emotional discomfort and may increase the likelihood of the individual developing behavioral changes. In this context, we aim to analyze the perceived stress, resilience and its possible correlation, considering the sex, in volunteers from undergraduate students of pharmacy course in Unicamp. We conclude that women are more stressed and less resilient because they spend more time in the stressful situation trying to solve it, not trying to avoid it. There was an inverse correlation between stress scores and resilience scores in women.

Angiotensin II (AII) produced by Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System (RAAS) through the classical pathway have been associated with the regulation of adipocyte glycolytic and lipolytic metabolism. This pathway can be potentiated by the increase of catecholamines. The Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) and Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats (SHR) strains exhibet high catecholamines pattern and have different adipocyte profiles. This work aims to evaluate the influence of AII in the production of glycerol and lactate from these different strains.

To evaluate the acute and chronic effects of yoga practice.Quantitative study using a one-group pre-posttest design.Visão Futuro Institute, Porangaba, São Paulo, Brazil.22 volunteers (7 men and 15 women).Six weeks of a tantric yoga program (TYP), 50 minutes per session, held twice a week from 8 a.m. to 9 a.m. The local ethics committee approved the protocol.Data were collected in the first week and at the end of the sixth week of TYP. Salivary cortisol concentration (SCC) was used to measure physiology of distress and to analyze the short- and long-term effects of TYP. Psychological distress was evaluated by applying a specific perceived stress questionnaire (PSQ). Results (mean±standard deviation) were analyzed by Wilcoxon test (p0.05).SCC decreased 24% after the first (0.66±0.20 μg/dL versus 0.50±0.13 μg/dL) and last (1.01±0.37 versus 0.76±0.31 μg/dL) sessions, showing the short-term effect of yoga. Long-term effects were analyzed by daily rhythm of cortisol production. In the beginning, volunteers showed altered SCC during the day, with nighttime values (0.42±0.28) higher than those at noon (0.30±0.06). After the TYP, SCC was higher in the morning (1.01±0.37) and decreased during the day, with lower values before sleep (0.30±0.13). The TYP was also efficient to reduce PSQ scores (0.45±0.13 versus 0.39±0.07). Specifically, the irritability, tension, and fatigue domains on the PSQ decreased (0.60±0.20 versus 0.46±0.13), as did the fear and anxiety domains (0.54±0.30 versus 0.30±0.20).Over the short term, TYP led to the decrease of cortisol production. Over the long term, TYP induced higher cortisol production in the morning and lower production in the evening. Those effects contributed to the physical and mental well-being of the participants.

O uso de animais com objetivos acadêmicos é uma prática comum que vem sendo criticada por diversas instituições e mesmo pela po­pulação, há mais de 10 anos. Atualmente, no Brasil, os graduandos podem se recusar a participar de aulas que utilizam de animais em sa­las de aula. Diversos docentes já utilizam material alternativo em suas aulas de neurociências. São utilizados vídeos ou softwares no lugar do uso de animais. Estas práticas têm tido grande aceitação dos alunos, que veem grande potencial no método, pois diferente do que ocorre com o uso do animal, no vídeo ou com a utilização de um software pode-se rever o experimento com detalhes, mesmo após a realização das aulas. Desse modo, ocorre melhor assimilação do conhecimento transmitido, favorecendo não só o aluno, mas também o docente e os demais envolvidos, pois se torna uma atividade mais dinâmica e menos traumática.

A hidratação adequada permanece sendo uma barreira a se superar. Por conta disso, neste estudo, objetivamos apresentar a resposta do organismo frente às adversidades do ambiente, clima seco, úmido, frio ou calor, estando o indiví­duo em atividade ou em repouso. Como complemento para entendimento dos fenômenos fisiológicos envolvidos com a [des]- [re]-[hiper]-hidratação, apresenta-se o sistema renal contextualizando sua relação com o sistema cardiovascular e endócrino. São apresentados conceitos básicos como compartimentos lí­quidos do organismo, osmolaridade plasmática e urinária, funções dos rins, estí­mulos da sede. Também é abordado o ajuste fino que o corpo faz frente a situações de excesso (hiper-hidratação) ou falta de água no organismo (desidratação), dando especial atenção para o exercí­cio fí­sico e a importância da [re]-hidratação adequada. Terminando com orientações para que o atleta tenha uma melhora no desempenho tomando para sua rotina hábitos simples e saudáveis.Palavras-chave: hidratação, sais minerais, atividade fí­sica.

Background: The importance of scientific validation of supporting techniques to various treatments is unquestionable. In this context, the influence of manual lymphatic drainage (MLD) on natriuresis and lipolysis and its interaction with oral contraceptives still need to be investigated. Objectives: To evaluate the acute effect of MLD on natriuresis and lipolysis in young women using or not oral contraceptives. Methods: Twenty-nine non-users of oral contraceptives and 29 oral contraceptive users, self-reported healthy, sedentary, normal weight women were enrolled. Analyses were conducted on two different days - control (C), without therapeutic intervention and MLD day. Four urine samples were collected at 60-minute intervals. MLD was performed in lower limbs and abdomen for 45 min following the Leduc method. Urinary flow rate and urinary sodium, glycerol and atrial natriuretic peptide excretion were analyzed. Data normality was tested by the Shapiro-Wilk test. Data without normal distribution were expressed as median and interquartile range (25%-75%), while normally distributed data were expressed as mean ± standard error. Mann-Whitney test was used for unpaired data and Wilcoxon test for paired data. Data with normal distribution were evaluated by the unpaired t-Student test. Statistical significance was set at 5%. Results: One MLD session had an acute effect on both groups, increasing natriuresis in non-users of oral contraceptives and glycerol and atrial natriuretic peptide excretion in oral contraceptive users. Conclusion: Oral contraceptives influence the effect of MLD on natriuresis.

Background: Ruthenium (Ru) tetraamines are being increasingly used as nitric oxide (NO) carriers. In this context, pharmacological studies have become highly relevant to better understand the mechanism of action involved. Objective: To evaluate the vascular response of the tetraamines trans-[RuII(NH3)4(Py)(NO)]3+, trans-[RuII(Cl)(NO) (cyclan)](PF6)2, and trans-[RuII(NH3)4(4-acPy)(NO)]3+. Methods: Aortic rings were contracted with noradrenaline (10−6 M). After voltage stabilization, a single concentration (10−6 M) of the compounds was added to the assay medium. The responses were recorded during 120 min. Vascular integrity was assessed functionally using acetylcholine at 10−6 M and sodium nitroprusside at 10−6 M as well as by histological examination. Results: Histological analysis confirmed the presence or absence of endothelial cells in those tissues. All tetraamine complexes altered the contractile response induced by norepinephrine, resulting in increased tone followed by relaxation. In rings with endothelium, the inhibition of endothelial NO caused a reduction of the contractile effect caused by pyridine NO. No significant responses were observed in rings with endothelium after treatment with cyclan NO. In contrast, in rings without endothelium, the inhibition of guanylate cyclase significantly reduced the contractile response caused by the pyridine NO and cyclan NO complexes, and both complexes caused a relaxing effect. Conclusion: The results indicate that the vascular effect of the evaluated complexes involved a decrease in the vascular tone induced by norepinephrine (10−6 M) at the end of the incubation period in aortic rings with and without endothelium, indicating the slow release of NO from these complexes and suggesting that the ligands promoted chemical stability to the molecule. Moreover, we demonstrated that the association of Ru with NO is more stable when the ligands pyridine and cyclan are used in the formulation of the compound. Fundamento: As tetra-aminas de rutênio cada vez mais se destacam como carreadoras da molécula de óxido nítrico. Desse modo, estudos farmacológicos tornam-se altamente relevantes, afim de melhor compreender o mecanismo de ação envolvido. Objetivo: Avaliar a resposta vascular das tetra-aminas trans-[RuII(NH3)4(Py)(NO)]3+, trans-[RuII(Cl)(NO)(Cyclan)](PF6)2 e trans-[RuII(NH3)4(4-acPy)(NO)]3+. Métodos: Anéis de aorta foram pré-contraídos com noradrenalina (10-6M). Após estabilização da tensão, concentração única (10-6M) dos compostos foi adicionada ao banho de incubação. As respostas foram registradas ao longo de 120 minutos. A integridade vascular foi avaliada funcionalmente (acetilcolina 10-6M; nitroprussiato de sódio 10-6M) e histologicamente Resultados: A análise histológica confirmou a presença ou não de células endoteliais nos tecidos analisados. Todos os complexos alteraram a resposta contrátil induzida pela noradrenalina, resultando em aumento de tônus seguido de efeito relaxante. Em anéis com endotélio, a inibição do óxido nítrico endotelial causou redução do efeito contrátil da piridina óxido nítrico. Não foram observadas respostas significativas em anéis com endotélio referente ao composto cyclan óxido nítrico. Por outro lado, em anéis sem endotélio, a inibição da guanilato ciclase reduziu significativamente a resposta contrátil dos complexos piridina óxido nítrico e cyclan óxido nítrico, levando ambos os compostos a um efeito relaxante. Conclusão: Os resultados obtidos demonstram que o efeito vascular dos complexos avaliados apresentaram diminuição no tônus vascular induzido pela noradrenalina (10-6M) ao final do tempo de incubação, em anéis com e sem endotélio, indicando liberação lenta da molécula de óxido nítrico do composto estudado e sugerindo que os ligantes causaram estabilidade química à molécula. Demonstramos que a ligação rutênio óxido nítrico é mais estável quando utilizamos os ligantes piridina e cyclan para a formulação do composto.

Abstract. Hypertension is a silent and multifactorial disease. Over two centuries ago, the first device to record blood pressure was developed, making it possible to determine normotension and to establish criteria for hypertension. Since then, several studies have contributed to advance knowledge in this area, promoting significant advances in pharmacological treatments and, as a result, increasing survival of hypertensive people. The main models developed for the study of hypertension and the main findings in the vascular area are included in this review. We considered aspects related to vascular reactivity, changes in the population, and action of beta adrenergic receptors in the pathogenesis of hypertension.

Lactate is an anaerobic metabolite produced in the absence of an adequate O2 supply. Although for a long time considered to be a waste product of glycolysis resulting from hypoxia, lactate is, in fact, an important source of glucose and also a gluconeogenic precursor, having a role in metabolic and endocrine signaling. Lactate is produced by adipocytes and muscle cells. Objectives: In this study, we investigated the sex differences in lactate production by adipocytes isolated from lean human visceral adipose tissue. Main Methods: The experiments described were done using adipocytes isolated from adipose tissue of lean men and women. Adipocytes were isolated following Rodbell procedure, with modifications, for posterior analysis of glycerol and lactate production. Results: Morphometric analysis revealed no significant differences in the size of adipocytes from men and women (diameter: men: 172 ± 24 μm vs. women: 160 ± 16 μm, n = 4 and 10, respectively). Basal glycerol production was significantly higher in adipocytes from men compared to women (0.34 ± 0.06 vs. 0.16 ± 0.01 μmol/106 cells/60 min; mean ± SEM, n = 7 and 4, respectively; p < 0.05), but there was no significant difference in basal lactate production (men: 0.1 ± 0.01 μmol/10 cells/60 min vs. women: 0.12 ± 0.02 μmol/10 cells/60 min). However, when stimulated by norepinephrine, adipocytes from women produced more lactate than adipocytes from men. Female adipocytes also produced as much lactate as glycerol, whereas male adipocytes produced three times more glycerol than lactate. The intracellular mechanisms responsible for this sex difference in lactate production during norepinephrine-stimulated lipolysis remain to be identified.

OBJECTIVES: The main objective of this pilot study was to evaluate the effects of an exercise protocol, using vibratory platform, in quality of life and the cortisol rhythmicity in fibromyalgic women. METHODS: Twenty women, which 10 were healthy and 10 were diagnosed with fibromyalgia. All of them performed an exercise program on a vibratory platform and were evaluated for salivary cortisol production throughout the day before and after the treatment. The volunteers with fibromyalgia were also evaluated with a specific questionnaire for quality of life before and after the treatment. Salivary samples were collected at 6 a.m., noon, 6 p.m. and before bedtime, 10 p.m. Cortisol was quantified using immunoenzymatic assay. RESULTS: Women with fibromyalgia improved their quality of life and started to have an adjustment in the cortisol rhythmicity after exercise. Even considering the limitations of the volunteers’ number who participated in this pilot, a relationship between the improvement of the quality of life and the adjustment in the cortisol rhythmicity produced by the exercise program practiced could be assumed.

OBJECTIVES: We aimed to appraise the effects of a manual therapy program (MTP) on stress by modulation of autonomic nervous system evaluated by rate heart variability before and after the treatment. METHODS: The study design used was quasi-experimental, pre-post-test of MTP. The sessions were applied during 45 min, twice a week, for 9 weeks. Psychological stress was evaluated using adolescents stress questionnaire (ASQ). Beat-to-beat rate heart frequency (HR, bpm) were recorded in 16 young healthy volunteers (19-20 years old; 8 women) 15 min before and after the first and the last session with S810i - Polar® -Finland in supine position. Descriptors of the Poincare plot and time domain of HR variability (HRV) were analyzed in 5 min (Kubios HRV Analysis Software). STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: ANOVA followed Tukey or Bonferroni and t Student tests paired and unpaired tests, considering p

Ginseng is one of the most popular herbal supplements in the world. It is a plant widely used in folk and traditional medicines for cardiovascular, immune, nervous and endocrine systems, and according to the researchers, it has the ability to increase the non-specific resistance state, which characterizes it as an adaptogenic substance. There are different species of ginseng, such as the American, Chinese, Korean and Japanese ginseng; the Korean species (Panax ginseng) is being used for thousands of years as a tonic, prophylactic and “restorative” agent, with powerful antioxidant properties. For a long time, its use was empirical, because people used to believe that it was a panacea that promoted longevity, with beneficial effects for the treatment of physical fatigues. Nowadays, the active components of Eleutherococcus senticosus are well described, however, there are no data on the quantity of a certain class of these secondary compounds produced in each species. Although the Eleutherococcus senticosus extract may contain several substances, including vitamins, minerals, cellulose, and ethanol, the substances responsible for inducing various physiological responses are the eleutherosides (in the root) and ciwujianosides (in the leaf). As Eleutherococcus senticosus receives great attention by showing that its active components can provide protection against oxidative stress, among other benefits, contributing to health and the prevention and treatment of diseases, such as diabetes, cancer, cardiovascular disease and inflammation. The purpose of this article is to describe the main, adverse and toxicological effects of Eleutherococcus senticosus recently related in the literature.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the perceived stress index, quality of life, and hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis activity in women with endometriosis and chronic pelvic pain. For the study, 93 women with endometriosis and 82 healthy women volunteered. The visual analogue scale (VAS) (0=no pain; 10=severe pain) was used to determine pain intensity; the perceived stress questionnaire (PSQ) defined stress index, and the health-related quality-of-life (HRQOL)-SF-36 questionnaire was used to evaluate quality of life. Salivary cortisol was measured at 0800, 1600, and 2000 h and the awakening cortisol response was assessed to evaluate the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis activity. The results show that women with endometriosis and chronic pelvic pain of moderate intensity (4.1+/-0.58, mean+/-SEM) have higher levels of perceived stress (0.55+/-0.01 versus 0.42+/-0.01, p

The topical use of caffeine has been indicated for the lipodystrophies treatment as it promotes increased lipolysis. Ultrasound (US) is often used in cutaneous diseases, esthetic conditions, and as a skin permeation enhancer.We investigate the lipolytic response of adipocytes isolated from subcutaneous adipose pigs tissue subjected to treatment with topical application of phonophoresis associated with caffeine.We treated dorsal regions of pigs (Landrace × Large White, 35 days, 15 kg, n = 6) daily for 15 days with gel, gel + US [3 MHz, continuous, 0.2 Wcm(2), 1 min/cm(2), in total 2 min], gel + caffeine (5%w/w), and gel + caffeine + US. We used a fifth untreated region as control. Twenty-four hours after the last application, we isolated the adipocytes of each treated area and quantified the basal and stimulated lipolytic responses to isoprenaline. The results, in μmol glycerol/10(6)cells/60 min, were analyzed with analysis of variance or ANOVA followed by Newman-Keuls test. The value of p0.05 was indicative of statistical difference.Only the adipocytes isolated from the area treated with caffeine + US showed increased basal lipolysis (0.76 ± 0.26; p = 0.0276) and maximal isoprenaline stimulation (0.38 ± 0.15, p = 0.0029) compared with the other areas.The results demonstrate that increased lipolysis of caffeine + US is due to an increase in basal and beta-adrenoceptor response by caffeine, and caffeine's effect is local, avoiding unwanted effects.