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Purpose: The article aims to develop a model explaining the undertaking of Polish small enterprises' innovation activities. Design/Methodology/Approach: There are many classifications of the factors that stimulate or inhibit small enterprises' innovation activity. Generally, they are considered in two domains – as external and internal determinants. Empirical studies were conducted in 2015 on a representative sample of 202 Polish small enterprises using the CAPI method. Analysis of the significance of the impact of key internal and external factors on small enterprises' innovation activity was based on a logit regression model. Findings: The results indicate the significance of seven of the 25 key factors included in the model. These statistically significant determinants of Polish small enterprises' innovation activity exhibited both positive and negative impacts on undertaking innovative undertakings. Practical Implications: The identified determinants of innovation activity may guide managers of such companies. The presented model shows which factors stimulate the process of implementing innovations and which inhibit it. Originality/value: The research identifies the external and internal determinants of innovation activity in Polish small companies. These results can be compared with results in other countries, where the conditions for conducting innovation activities are often completely different., peer-reviewed

Benevolent leadership has emerged as a contemporary leadership style that has been studied only scantly. To fill this gap, this work has two goals. The first is the identification and assessment of the relationship between benevolent leadership and employees’ affective commitment in the context of Polish organizations. Secondly, it will be investigated whether all constructs of benevolent leadership contribute to affective commitment. Data were obtained from 415 company employees. The relationships were investigated using structural equation models (SEMs). Analyses of the results showed that benevolent leadership has a positive relationship with affective commitment. The more benevolent leadership qualities a supervisor has, the more commitment employees show. All dimensions of benevolent leadership are positively correlated with affective commitment. However, the greatest was found in the “community dimension.” All analyzed dimensions correlate positively with each other, so there is a high probability that if a leader displays one BL dimension, he will also display another.

A number of socio-economic phenomena that are intensifying nowadays, in particular an increase in competition and customer expectations, forces enterprises to seek new sources of innovation, including process (technological) ones to ensure their ability to compete effectively. It turns out that they are increasingly transferring them from their environment, and the success of this undertaking is dependent on their absorptive capacities. Therefore, the main goal of this article was to identify the key absorptive capacities that are endogenous determinants of the effectiveness of the process of the absorption of process innovations in the activity of Poland’s financial companies. The empirical part of the article was written on the basis of an online survey carried out in 2015-2016. It was sent to the heads of 155 commercial financial sector companies registered in Poland, namely all banks, property and life insurance companies, investment funds and universal fund management companies. In total, 111 entities filled in the online survey questionnaire. In the conducted study an attempt was made to assess the direction and strength of dependence between the level of development of specific absorptive capacities of financial companies and the scale of the effects achieved as a result of the absorption of process innovations. Personal and organizational absorptive capacities of financial companies in Poland remain in a positive and strong linear relationship with their effectiveness achieved in the scope of the absorption of process innovations. The results identified the key absorptive capacities that determine the effects obtained in the process of absorbing technological innovations, taking into account the specific conditions prevailing in the service sector.

The growing attention on responsibility in business is forcing firms to build their competitiveness through integrating the principles of responsibility in their strategies. Given the necessity to apply new approaches in business, we focus on discussing two management concepts concerning responsibility: Corporate Social Responsibility and Responsible Research and Innovation. The aim of the paper is to explain these concepts, focusing on their similarities and differences as well as the possibility to integrate them into business practice. The research process is based on a literature review and focuses on providing a critical assessment of the reasons for integration CSR and RRI in a business context.

Organizational Citizenship Behaviors (OCBs) are activities which are voluntary, go beyond the formal obligations of employees, and significantly affect the efficiency of the entire organization. The literature has devoted a lot of attention to them since the beginning of the 1980s. Not only has the nature of OCBs been studied, but so too have their dimensions and antecedents. However, there is a fairly significant research gap in the area of employee manifestations of citizenship behaviors according to type of organization (private and public sectors). This article addresses the issue of organizational commitment as one of the antecedents of OCBs. The research objective is to identify and assess the level of correlation between individual dimensions of organizational commitment and Organizational Citizenship Behaviors in public and private organizations in Poland. A quantitative study conducted on a sample of 323 employees allowed the hypotheses to be verified. In general, there are similar frequencies of Organizational Citizenship Behaviors in the public and private sectors. In public institutions, however, OCBs in the interpersonal dimension are more frequent, while in private institutions they occur more commonly in the organizational dimension. Most positively correlated with OCBs is the affective dimension of organizational commitment.

The article of empirical nature is an attempt to evaluate the influence of the abilities to exploit newly acquired technologies possessed by finance companies operating in Poland on the competitive advantages they gain. The findings obtained confirm the existence of such influence, although its force seems rather moderate. A stronger influence was noted in relation to the jointly analyzed individual components, as well as the one related to general organization, which constitute the exploitation abilities, as well as in relation to three basic specialized assets within this type of abilities.

Globalization and internationalization of the economy compelled the implementation of innovative solutions in companies. Only those organizations that regularly implement innovations have a chance to achieve significant market positions and survive in a competitive environment. The exemplification of such highly innovative companies are H. Simon’s hidden champions. In this publication, there was an attempt made to assess the activity of Polish innovative hidden champions. The results obtained confirm that this specific group of companies places a strong emphasis on innovation. This is evidenced by even such aspects as the number of new innovations, very high amounts spent on R&D or continuous observation of the market in order to discover new needs.

This article presents a very unique specificity of Polish enterprises, they are hidden champions. But really focuses primarily on the structural data of these companies, it is the same for publication just got to present the image of a company, not yet specifically identified in the Polish market. Who is behind the hidden champions password Polish economy? This question is though briefly answer fragment presented the results of research conducted by the author on this specific group of companies. W niniejszym artykule zaprezentowano specyfikę bardzo wyjątkowej grupy polskich przedsiębiorstw, jakimi są tajemniczy mistrzowie. Choć tak naprawdę skupiono się przede wszystkim na danych strukturalnych dotyczących tych firm, to jednak tym samym celem publikacji stało się właśnie przedstawienie pewnego obrazu przedsiębiorstw, dotąd szczegółowo nie zidentyfikowanych na polskim rynku. Kto kryje się pod hasłem tajemniczy mistrz polskiej gospodarki? Na to pytanie choć pokrótce odpowie zaprezentowany fragment wyników badań prowadzonych przez Autorkę nad tą specyficzną grupą przedsiębiorstw.

Considerations in this article refer to a specific group of companies, which are Polish hidden champions, so the company avoids publicity, and at the same time occupying leading positions in the European markets or the world. The paper presents the results of the research portion of the Polish hidden champions. The purpose of this article is to show the external factors that have the greatest impact on the construction of the competitive potential of Polish hidden champions. It seems to be an extremely important noticing the impact of macro-factors on the competitive potential of the decent imitation of a group of companies. Rozważania prowadzone w niniejszym artykule dotyczą specyficznej grupy przedsiębiorstw, jakimi są polscy tajemniczy mistrzowie, a zatem firm unikających rozgłosu, a jednocześnie zajmujących czołowe pozycje na rynkach europejskich czy też światowych. W publikacji zaprezentowano fragment wyników przeprowadzonych badań nad polskimi tajemniczymi mistrzami. Celem artykułu jest ukazanie uwarunkowań zewnętrznych, mających największy wpływ na budowę potencjału konkurencyjnego polskich tajemniczych mistrzów. Niezwykle ważne wydaje się dostrzeżenie oddziaływania czynników makrootoczenia na potencjał konkurencyjny tej godnej naśladowania grupy przedsiębiorstw.

The gradually increasing competition rivalry between firms takes place on those resources that are unique, rare, inaccessible to others. It is they who are the source of sustainable competitive advantage. Therefore increasing importance of intangible assets, hiding in people, ideas, know-how, reputation, relationships and systems. This article presents a fragment of the author's research results over the hidden champions of the Polish economy. The aim of the publication is to show that these European or even world leaders build their competitive potential just based on intangible resources W sukcesywnie nasilającej się konkurencji rywalizacja między przedsiębiorstwami toczy się o te zasoby, które są unikalnymi, rzadkimi, niedostępnymi dla innych. To właśnie one stanowią źródło ich trwałej przewagi konkurencyjnej. Wzrasta zatem znaczenie wartości niematerialnych, kryjących się w ludziach, pomysłach, know-how, reputacji, relacjach czy systemach. W niniejszym artykule zaprezentowano fragment wyników badań autorki nad tajemniczymi mistrzami polskiej gospodarki. Celem publikacji jest pokazanie, że ci europejscy lub też nawet światowi liderzy budują swój potencjał konkurencyjny właśnie w oparciu o zasoby niematerialne.

Innovation, and therefore the ability to implement innovations in the current era becomes, or at least should be an attribute of each company. However, the same innovation should not be seen merely as a radical change of international importance. Sometimes, even the smallest adjustments in the way of management or production method prove to be extremely important in achieving competitive advantage in the market. Environment in which businesses operate forces them to be innovative, no matter what their activities are provided also part size. The purpose of this article is to present selected aspects of the innovation sector of small and medium-sized companies of the Kujawsko-Pomorskie