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The high-field magnetoresistance of polycrystalline manganites of varied composition in magnetic fields up to mu(sub 0)H=47 T is analyzed. The observation of a systematic correlation between grain-boundary magnetoresistance and bulk Tc indicates that magnetic order at grain boundaries is governed by parameters such as doping and average ionic size.

Research was conducted to examine the influence of the substrate on growth and magnetoresistance of La0.7Ca0.3Mn0z thin films grown by magnetron sputtering. Magnetoresistance of polycrystalline resulted in two contributions, a low-field magnetoresistance ratio (MR) and a high-field MR whose dependence on temperature are markedly different. The low-field MR is related to the magnetization process and can be attributed to scattering processes in domain walls or to tunneling of polarized charge carriers between the grains of the polycrystalline films.

The low-temperature magnetization with epitaxial hexagonal HoMn[O.sub.3] films and single crystal is examined and compared. It is shown that a ferroelectric switching at room temperature is shown despite the leakage with a film resistivity of about [10.sup.9] [omega] cm.

The resistance relaxation of a polycrystalline ferromagnetic La(sub 0.7)Sr(sub 0.3)MnO3 thin films is analyzed. An unusual increase of the relaxation rate with decreasing temperature down to 4.2 K was seen and the slow-relaxation might be caused by spin glass-like magnetic order at grain boundaries.

The effects of spacer layer (SrTi[O.sub.3]) thickness on the magnetic and electrical properties of [La.sub.0.7][Sr.sub.0.3]Mn[O.sub.3]/SrTi[O.sub.3] superlattices has been studied by fabricating a series of multilayers on SrTi[O.sub.3] (100) substrates by pulsed laser deposition. High quality of the films was ensured by X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy. All studied films are ferromagnetic below a transition temperature [T.sub.C]. The [T.sub.C] as well as saturation magnetization [M.sub.S] depend on the thickness of SrTi[O.sub.3]. However, these dependences are nonmonotonic. The electrical resistivity is metallic-like below 300 K. The magnetoresistance measured at 20 K has been found to depend on the SrTi[O.sub.3] thickness and correlates with the magnetic measurements. The results are discussed in terms of surface corrugation due to epitaxial strain, surface dead-layer concept, and interlayer coupling. Index Terms--Magnetic properties, magnetoresistance, superlattices.

Research into the thickness dependence of electrical transport and magnetization of ultrathin La0.7Sr0.3MnO3 films is presented. It is suggested that there is a breakup into ferromagnetic clusters below a film thickness of around 3 nm.

Research into the magnetic properties of La0.7Sr0.3MnO3(LSMO)/SrTiO3(STO) superlattices is presented. A ferromagnetic transition was seen for all studied films and the transition temperature feel with the thickness d(sub LSMO).

The metamagnetic compound La1.2Nd0.2Sr1.6Mn2O7 was examined as a polycrystalline material, and its magnetization and magnetoresistance results are presented.

The magnetoresistance (MR) of polycrystalline layered manganites La(sub 2-2x)Sr(sub 1+2x)Mn(sub 2)O(sub 7) was investigated in doping levels of x=0.4 and 0.5. The samples were found to undergo a metal-insulator transition near a ferromagnetic ordering temperature that is linked with a large negative MR. The 40% doped samples exhibited a low-field MR that was similar to that grain-boundary MR of polycrystalline La(sub 0.7)Sr(sub 0.3)MnO(sub 3).

The low-field magnetoresistance (MR) effect in polycrystalline thin films at T

SrTi[O.sub.3] (STO) film is analyzed as a buffer layer on piezoelectric pseudocubic Pb[([Mg.sub.1/3][Nb.sub.2/3]).sub.0.72][Ti.sub.0.28][O.sub.3](001) (PMN-PT) substrates, which has served to reversibly strain thin films. The STO films have displayed in-plane lattice parameter close to that of bulk STO and are used as a buffer material that reduces the lattice mismatch for a number of materials such as many complex oxides.

The epitaxial trilayer consisting of hole and electron doped manganites on either side of an insulating SrTiO3 barrier is fabricated, which exhibits strong diodelike I-V characteristics at room temperature. It is fund that the asymmetry in the I-V curve disappears at low temperatures owing to the insulator to metal transition.

Studies polycrystalline bulk samples of the layered manganites lanthanum-strontium-manganese oxide that showed a colossal magnetoresistance effect. Measurements of temperature and field dependencies of magnetization and of electrical resistivity; Experimental results; Conclusion.

Examines the magnetoresistance and the magnetization of single-crystalline and polycrystalline films of La0.7M0.3MnO3-...(M=Ca, Pb) in the ferromagnetic state. Influence of oxygen deficiency on the magnetotransport of the films; Why charge transport in polycrystalline manganites were affected by grain boundaries; Examination of whether magnetoresistance behavior in low magnetic fields is compatible with spin-polarized tunneling.

Focuses on the gradual change of the grain orientation with the substrate temperature during deposition observed for La[sub 0.7]Sr[sub 0.3]MnO[sub 3] films on Y-stabilized ZrO[sub 2](100) substrates. Epitaxial growth found with substrate temperature around 800 degrees Celsius; Magnetoresistance observed for the ferromagnetic state.

Background: This study investigated whether there are pharmacogenomic markers predictive of chemotherapy induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN) as a result of taxane-based chemotherapy., Methods: Patients were enrolled from August 2020 to November 2020 in a prospective, case-control trial evaluating pharmacogenetic predictors of CIPN. All women were treated with at least 3 cycles of taxane-based chemotherapy for histologically confirmed gynecologic malignancies. Buccal saliva samples were used to test for 32 drug metabolism variations. All testing was performed by ⍺LPHA-GENOMIX laboratories. Fisher's Exact test was used to assess for event differences of categorical variables., Results: Of 102 enrolled patients, 58%, 28%, and 14% had ovarian, endometrial, or cervical cancers, respectively. The median age was 67, 72% were Caucasian and 25% were African American. 16% of patients were treated with 3-4 cycles, 57% received 5-7 cycles, and 27% received 8 or more cycles of chemotherapy that included paclitaxel. Grade 2 CIPN was experienced by 51 patients. There was no difference in age, race, disease site, or number of chemotherapy cycles (p > 0.05) between those who did or did not develop CIPN. CYP2D6 genotype (p = 0.009) and CYP3A5 genotype (p = 0.023) had different frequencies among those with and without CIPN. Patients classified as having poor or intermediate function of CYP2D6 had increased risk of CIPN (OR 1.63, 95% CI 1.04-2.57, p = 0.026). There was no difference in CYP2D6 phenotype by race (p = 0.29). No patients with normal function of CYP3A5 developed CIPN. There were no Caucasians with normal function of CYP3A5, but 28% of African Americans had normal CYP3A5 function (p < 0.001)., Conclusions: Pharmacogenomics appear associated with the development of CIPN and may be able to help personalize treatment decision making., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest Dr. Ellen Shaver is on the Board of Directors and Owner Consultative Genomics which is associated with ⍺LPHA-GENOMIX, who performed the genetic testing in this study. Of note, ⍺LPHA-GENOMIX was blinded to all patient data and all statistical analyses were performed by an independent statistician. Dr. Ellen Shaver did not participate in statistical analyses or writing of the manuscript. All other authors have no conflicts of interest as it relates to the submitted work. Outside of the submitted work, Dr. Ghamande has received compensation from GlaxoSmithKline and from EISAI., (Copyright © 2022. Published by Elsevier Inc.)

Background: Small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma of the cervix is a rare, aggressive tumor treated with a combination of surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation. Survival rates are poor, and innovative therapies are needed., Case: A 52-year-old woman was diagnosed with small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma of the cervix. Over a 10-year period, she was treated with six different systemic therapeutic regimens, underwent planned hysterectomy with bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy, and received radiation to the pelvis and brain. After a second recurrence of disease, she was treated with a combination of nivolumab and ipilimumab and experienced a complete and durable response., Conclusion: The combination of nivolumab and ipilimumab may represent a promising new treatment option for recurrent small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma of the cervix., Competing Interests: Financial Disclosure Sharad Ghamande disclosed money was paid to him from GSK/TESARO. The other authors did not report any potential conflicts of interest., (Copyright © 2021 by the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. Published by Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.)

Wild aquatic birds maintain a large, genetically diverse pool of influenza A viruses (IAVs), which can be transmitted to lower mammals and, ultimately, humans. Through phenotypic analyses of viral replication efficiency, only a small set of avian IAVs were found to replicate well in epithelial cells of the swine upper respiratory tract, and these viruses were shown to infect and cause virus shedding in pigs. Such a phenotypic trait of the viral replication efficiency appears to emerge randomly and is distributed among IAVs across multiple avian species and geographic and temporal orders. It is not determined by receptor binding preference but is determined by other markers across genomic segments, such as those in the ribonucleoprotein complex. This study demonstrates that phenotypic variants of viral replication efficiency exist among avian IAVs but that only a few of these may result in viral shedding in pigs upon infection, providing opportunities for these viruses to become adapted to pigs, thus posing a higher potential risk for creating novel variants or detrimental reassortants within pig populations. IMPORTANCE Swine serve as a mixing vessel for generating pandemic strains of human influenza virus. All hemagglutinin subtypes of IAVs can infect swine; however, only sporadic cases of infection with avian IAVs are reported in domestic swine. The molecular mechanisms affecting the ability of avian IAVs to infect swine are still not fully understood. From the findings of phenotypic analyses, this study suggests that the tissue tropisms (i.e., in swine upper respiratory tracts) of avian IAVs affect their spillovers from wild birds to pigs. It was found that this phenotype is determined not by receptor binding preference but is determined by other markers across genomic segments, such as those in the ribonucleoprotein complex. In addition, our results show that such a phenotypic trait was sporadically and randomly distributed among IAVs across multiple avian species and geographic and temporal orders. This study suggests an efficient way for assessment of the risk posed by avian IAVs, such as in evaluating their potentials to be transmitted from birds to pigs., (Copyright © 2020 American Society for Microbiology.)