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This chapter explores the impact of the interplay of humanities and business on student well-being and flourishing both in theory and in practice. Drawing on positive psychology, the chapter uses a conceptual model supplied by Tay, Pawelski, and Keith (2018) and focuses on a cognitive-emotional process that fosters two modes of thought characteristic of liberal learning: namely, reflection and creative thinking. The conclusion of the chapter attempts to answer the call of critics of management education so that students get the full benefit from and make the most of a meaningful connection between the study of humanities and the study of business.

Because Millennials and Generation X tend to desire close relationships with their leaders, expect frequent and open communication, and integrate their personal and professional contacts via social media, it was predicted they would be more likely than Baby Boomers to accept a Facebook friend request from their boss. Although no main effect was found for generational differences, a significant interaction between self-disclosure and generation was found, such that self-disclosure was positively related to acceptance of a friend request from one's boss for Baby Boomers and Generation X, but negatively related for Millennials. Implications and directions for future research are discussed.

Salem, MA, located north of Boston, has a rich, well-documented history dating back to settlement in 1626 CE, but the associated anthropogenic impacts on Salem Sound are poorly constrained. This project utilized dated sediment cores from the sound to assess the proxy record of anthropogenic alterations to the system and compared the proxy records to the known history. Proxies included bulk stable isotopes of organic matter, magnetic susceptibility, and trace metal concentrations. Our data reveal clear changes in organic matter composition and concentration associated with land use changes and twentieth century sewage disposal practices. Further, metals data correspond with local industrial activity, particularly the historic tanning industry in Peabody, MA. Although conservation practices of past decades have improved the state of Salem Sound, the stratigraphic record demonstrates that the environment is still affected by anthropogenic influences, and has not attained conditions consistent with pre-anthropogenic baseline. The approach and results of this study are applicable to coastal embayments that are being assessed for remediation, especially those with scant historic or monitoring data.

Because Millennials and Generation X tend to desire close relationships with their leaders, expect frequent and open communication, and integrate their personal and professional contacts via social media, it was predicted they would be more likely than Baby Boomers to accept a Facebook friend request from their boss. Although no main effect was found for generational differences, a significant interaction between self-disclosure and generation was found, such that self-disclosure was positively related to acceptance of a friend request from one's boss for Baby Boomers and Generation X, but negatively related for Millennials. Implications and directions for future research are discussed.

Purpose This paper aims to serve as an integrative literature review that organizes the burgeoning literature and findings related to possible impacts of the selfie phenomenon on consumers. Design/methodology/approach This is a conceptual paper. Findings The current empirical scholarly work supports two conflicting perspectives on the impact of selfies: the selfie experience as a source of empowerment and the selfie as embodiment of societal control and expression of existing power-relations. While the two perspectives are seemingly discordant, in fact, they pertain to different levels of analysis – individual and social, respectively. Originality/value While the empowerment aspect of the selfie experience has been well-documented in existing literature, the mechanisms of control and disempowerment have remained underconceptualized. This research paper offers a framework which addresses this omission and theorizes ways in which the selfie phenomenon perpetuates societal control and maintains power-relations.

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to outline the contributions presented in this special section on the selfie phenomenon and its significance for marketing practice and scholarship.Design/methodology/approachThe significance of the topic is reviewed and themes related to the selfie phenomenon and marketplace issues are discussed in connection with extant research. The contributions of each paper are briefly highlighted and discussed.FindingsAlthough the selfie is a relatively new phenomenon, both marketing practice and scholarship have noticed its prominence in consumer lives and potential for generating marketplace insights. Despite its frequently presumed triviality, the selfie is a multifaceted phenomenon of significance to key marketing areas such as branding, consumer behavior or market research. Possible avenues for future research are outlined.Originality/valueKey issues relating to research into the selfie phenomenon for marketing scholars are illuminated.

Purpose– This paper aims to offer a cultural understanding of investor faith in stock picking despite overwhelming evidence questioning its efficacy. Why, in the face of very widely communicated findings calling into question the advice and assistance offered by financial professionals to help them pick stocks or manage their mutual funds, do so many people persist in these practices? The authors believe that the best way to understand investor faith in the efficacy of stock picking is through teleinvestmentevangelists such as Jim Cramer, whose fusion of celebrity and religion taps into the ritualistic elements of investment that usually lie hidden. Drawing from media, religious and cultural studies theory, the authors flesh out the dynamics of the teleinvestmentevangelist as a powerful character, the understanding of which provides insights on the pre-modern meanings that inhere in mediated global capital.Design/methodology/approach– This conceptual work draws on theoretical perspectives and qualitative experiences of everyday investors to explain why the entire field of stock picking remains so robust and captivating in the face of ample evidence that calls into question the validity of the entire phenomenon.Findings– This paper derives and introduces the hypothetical figure of the “Teleinvestmentevangelist” in an attempt to weave dimensions of celebrity, ritual and religion together to explain investors undeterred faith in the ability to pick individual stocks and “beat the market”.Research limitations/implications– The primary research implication of this paper is that it exhibits the continued value of integrating interdisciplinary perspectives for understanding investing experience beyond more limited views undergirded by neoclassical economics. One challenge of the paper is that it attempts to merge three disparate perspectives that have not typically been integrated and applied to financial phenomena.Practical implications– One practical implication of this paper is that it provides a perspective and vocabulary that enables us to understand financial experiences more fully and reflect on these understandings more critically.Social implications– Armed with a richer understanding of financial and investing experience, individual investors can better appreciate fundamental cultural misrecognitions that potentially culminate in symbolic violence whereby certain groups of investors are systematically disadvantaged.Originality/value– The originality of this paper lies in its synthesis of disparate literature bases and application of this synthesis to the financial and investing world. Not only are the individual theoretical perspectives rarely consultedvis-à-visinvesting experience but also is their synthesis particularly unique and original in the context of financial and investing phenomena.

CO2 solubility data in the natural formation brine, synthetic formation brine, and synthetic NaCl+CaCl2 brine were collected at the pressures from 100 to 200 bar, temperatures from 323 to 423 K. Experimental results demonstrate that the CO2 solubility in the synthetic formation brines can be reliably represented by that in the synthetic NaCl+CaCl2 brines. We extended our previously developed model (PSUCO2) to calculate CO2 solubility in aqueous mixed-salt solution by using the additivity rule of the Setschenow coefficients of the individual ions (Na(+), Ca(2+), Mg(2+), K(+), Cl(-), and SO4(2-)). Comparisons with previously published models against the experimental data reveal a clear improvement of the proposed PSUCO2 model. Additionally, the path of the maximum gradient of the CO2 solubility contours divides the P-T diagram into two distinct regions: in Region I, the CO2 solubility in the aqueous phase decreases monotonically in response to increased temperature; in region II, the behavior of the CO2 solubility is the opposite of that in Region I as the temperature increases.

SUMMARY Deep saline aquifers are reported to have the largest estimated capacity for CO2 sequestration. Most geochemical studies on CO2 storage in saline formations are focused on the interactions of pure CO2 and do not consider the potential impacts of contaminants such as SO2 found in typical post-composition flue gas streams. This paper reports on results of a combined CO2–co-contaminant–brine–rock experimental and a simple modeling study of the potential impact of flue gas contaminants on saline formations. Chemical reactions of the sandstone from Mount Simon formation exposed to CO2 mixed with other gas species under sequestration conditions were studied (i.e. solid material — representative Mount Simon sandstone; liquid — synthetic Illinois Basin brine; T and P — 50 °C, 110 bar; gas composition — 1% SO2, 4% O2, 95% CO2). The experimental study indicates that the co-injection of 1% SO2 would lead to substantially reduced brine pH due to the formation of sulfuric acid and the formation of bassanite (major) and anhydrites. Preliminary equilibrium computational modeling yielded similar results. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Preliminary estimates of CO2 storage potential in geologic formations provide critical information related to Carbon Capture, Utilization, and Storage (CCUS) technologies to mitigate CO2 emissions. Currently multiple methods to estimate CO2 storage and multiple storage estimates for saline formations have been published, leading to potential uncertainty when comparing estimates from different studies. In this work, carbon dioxide storage estimates are compared by applying several commonly used methods to general saline formation data sets to assess the impact that the choice of method has on the results. Specifically, six CO2 storage methods were applied to thirteen saline formation data sets which were based on formations across the United States with adaptations to provide the geologic inputs required by each method. Methods applied include those by (1) international efforts – the Carbon Sequestration Leadership Forum ( Bachu et al., 2007 ); (2) United States government agencies – U.S. Department of Energy – National Energy Technology Laboratory ( US-DOE-NETL, 2012 ) and United States Geological Survey ( Brennan et al., 2010 ); and (3) the peer-reviewed scientific community – Szulczewski et al. (2012) and Zhou et al. (2008) . A statistical analysis of the estimates generated by multiple methods revealed that assessments of CO2 storage potential made at the prospective level were often statistically indistinguishable from each other, implying that the differences in methodologies are small with respect to the uncertainties in the geologic properties of storage rock in the absence of detailed site-specific characterization.

Frankfurt's (2005. On bullshit. Princeton: Princeton University Press) having given the term ‘bullshit’ philosophical respectability is quite timely for an understanding of the financial services industry. There is no doubt a preponderance of financial bullshitting nowadays, much more in fact than in the not so distant past. Some of this might indeed be as harmful as Frankfurt claims bullshit can be. On the other hand, in financial services as in many other human activities, bullshit is not only inevitable, but it also performs a variety of useful functions for individuals and for society. As a species, we may not have evolved to the point of making optimal probabilistic decisions in the stock market, as behavioral finance consistently illustrates, but we have certainly evolved enough to bullshit about it. We have also evolved the ability to detect financial bullshit, which may serve to mitigate its deleterious consequences.

Ex-situ carbonation of mixtures of caustic byproduct materials and produced oil-field brine provides a niche opportunity to sequester anthropogenic CO2, while concomitantly reducing the basicity of the reactive slurry. A series of tests were conducted to investigate a novel reaction concept designed to achieve neutralization of mixtures of acidic oil field produced brine and caustic industrial byproducts while sequestering substantial quantities of anthropogenic carbon dioxide (CO2) in a mixed-flow reactor. Experiments were conducted to determine the CO2-bearing capacity of reactive mixtures of brine from the Oriskany Sandstone Formation with three caustic industrial byproducts: flue gas desulfurization (FGD) spray dryer ash, Class C fly ash subbituminous coal combustion byproduct, and bauxite residue slurry from the alumina production process. Reactions were conducted in a closed, well-mixed (1,500 rpm) reactor with gas composed of 29.46% vol./vol. CO2 balanced by nitrogen gas (N2) fed at a rate...

Experiments were conducted to explore the concept of beneficially utilizing mixtures of caustic bauxite residue slurry (pH 13) and produced oil-field brine to sequester carbon dioxide from flue gas generated from industrial point sources. Data presented herein provide a preliminary assessment of the overall feasibility of this treatment concept. The Carbonation capacity of bauxite residue/brine mixtures was considered over the full range of reactant mixture combinations in 10% increments by volume. A bauxite residue/brine mixture of 90/10 by volume exhibited a CO2 sequestration capacity of greater than 9.5 g/L when exposed to pure CO2 at 20 °C and 0.689 MPa (100 psig). Dawsonite and calcite formation were predicted to be the dominant products of bauxite/brine mixture carbonation. It is demonstrated that CO2 sequestration is augmented by adding bauxite residue as a caustic agent to acidic brine solutions and that trapping is accomplished through both mineralization and solubilization. The product mixture s...

The ultimate capacity of saline formations to sequester carbon dioxide by solubility and mineral trapping must be determined by simulating sequestration with geochemical models. These models, however, are only as reliable as the data and reaction scheme on which they are based. Several models have been used to make estimates of carbon dioxide solubility and mineral formation as a function of pressure and fluid composition. Intercomparison of modeling results indicates that failure to adjust all equilibrium constants to account for elevated carbon dioxide pressures results in significant errors in both solubility and mineral formation estimates. Absence of experimental data at high carbon dioxide pressures and high salinities make verification of model results difficult. Results indicate standalone solubility models that do not take mineral reactions into account will underestimate the total capacity of aquifers to sequester carbon dioxide in the long term through enhanced solubility and mineral trapping mechanisms. Overall, it is difficult to confidently predict the ultimate sequestration capacity of deep saline aquifers using geochemical models.

A hydrothermal experiment involving peridotite and a coexisting aqueous fluid was conducted to assess the role of dissolved Cl− and redox on REE mobility at 400°C, 500 bars. Data show that the onset of reducing conditions enhances the stability of soluble Eu+2 species. Moreover, Eu+2 forms strong aqueous complexes with dissolved Cl− at virtually all redox conditions. Thus, high Cl− concentrations and reducing conditions can combine to reinforce Eu mobility. Except for La, trivalent REE are not greatly affected by fluid speciation under the chemical and physical condition considered, suggesting control by secondary mineral-fluid partitioning. LREE enrichment and positive Eu anomalies observed in fluids from the experiment are remarkably similar to patterns of REE mobility in vent fluids issuing from basalt- and peridotite-hosted hydrothermal systems. This suggests that the chondrite normalized REE patterns are influenced greatly by fluid speciation effects and secondary mineral formation processes. Accordingly, caution must be exercised when using REE in hydrothermal vent fluids to infer REE sources in subseafloor reaction zones from which the fluids are derived. Although vent fluid patterns having LREE enrichment and positive Eu anomalies are typically interpreted to suggest plagioclase recrystallization reactions, this need not always be the case.

Homo economicus has undergone a transformation. The first stage was from “a model of “to” the model of.” The second stage has been from “the model of” to “the model for,” using the word “model” in a slightly different sense as something to be emulated. The so-called “behavioral finance” literature has taken a markedly prescriptive turn. Its implicit purpose is to discover and remedy deviations from rational choices, presuming that if people do not behave according to the prescription of theory, then something is wrong with people and not with the theory.

The discovery of ultramafic hosted hydrothermal systems at Rainbow (36°N MAR) and Lost City, a vent site approximately 15 km west of the MAR at 30°N, provides unique perspectives on chemical and heat-generating processes associated with serpentinization at a range of chemical and physical conditions. Heat balance calculations together with constraints imposed by geochemical modeling indicate that significant changes in temperature are not likely to occur at either vent system as a result of the exothermic nature of olivine hydrolysis. At Rainbow, the relatively high temperatures in subseafloor reaction zones (in excess of 400°C), which must be linked to magmatic processes, inhibit olivine hydrolysis, effectively precluding mineralization-induced heating effects. Geochemical modeling of the Lost City vent fluids indicates temperatures in excess of those measured (40–75°C). The relatively high subseafloor temperatures (∼ 200 ± 50°C) requires conductive cooling of the fluids on ascent to the seafloor—a scenario in keeping with the mineralization of chimney structures actually observed. Although the intermediate temperatures predicted for subseafloor reaction zones at Lost City could be expected to enhance olivine to serpentine conversion, dissolved Cl, K/Cl and Na/Cl ratios of the Lost City vent fluids are virtually unchanged from seawater values and indicate little hydration of olivine, which is a necessary condition for exothermic heat generation by serpentinization. Apparently the fluid/rock mass ratio is too high or fluid residence times too low for this to occur to any significant extent. Thus, in spite of the off-axis location of the Lost City vents and apparent lack of a localized heat source, mineralization reactions likely play an insignificant role in accounting for hydrothermal circulation. It is more likely that tectonic processes associated with the slow spreading MAR, permit access of seawater to relatively deep and still hot lithospheric units and/or near axis magmatic heat sources, before venting. Additional chemical and physical (temperature, flow rate) data for Lost City and similar hydrothermal systems are needed to test key elements of the proposed model.

The traditional research perspective on finance asserts that the structures and institutions and the employees and customers of Wall Street are devoted to exchanging financial resources in order to maximize their wealth. We argue that the structures and institutions of Wall Street are a themed environment and a theater where employees and customers play the fantasy roles that are a part of the popular culture created by Madison Avenue and in Hollywood productions such as Wall Street and Boiler Room. Financial activity is not just about wealth maximization, but about creating a satisfying narrative experience. Theming, theater, and experience are not some sort of cultural overlay on an underlying economic reality. Without them, there is no reality.

Olivine (Fo89), orthopyroxene (En85), and clinopyroxene (Di89) were reacted, individually and in combinations, with NaCl-MgCl2 at 400°C, 500 bars to better assess alteration and mass transfer in ultramafic-hosted hydrothermal systems at mid-ocean ridges. Data indicate that temperature plays a key role in mineral solubility and kinetic processes, which influence the compositional evolution of the fluid. At the temperature and pressure of the experiments, the rate of olivine hydrolysis is sluggish as indicated by the limited extent of mass transfer between the fluid and mineral and absence of hydrous alteration phases. In contrast, reactions involving pyroxenes proceed rapidly, which result in significant increases in dissolved Ca, SiO2, Fe and H2, and formation of SiO2-rich secondary minerals (talc and tremolite) and magnetite. SiO2 release from pyroxene occurs in non-stoichiometric proportions and is a critical factor governing the stability of secondary minerals, with attendant effects on fluid chemistry. Magnetite and talc-fluid equilibria were used to calculate fluid pH at elevated temperatures and pressures. In general, pH is relatively low in the orthopyroxene- and clinopyroxene-bearing experiments due to constraints imposed by talc-fluid and talc-tremolite-fluid equilibria, respectively. Even in experiments where the olivine/pyroxene ratio is as great as 3, which is typical for abyssal peridotite, the low pH and high Fe concentrations are maintained. This is in sharp contrast to theoretical predictions assuming full equilibrium in the MgO-CaO-FeO-Fe2O3-SiO2-Na2O-H2O-HCl system at 400°C, 500 bars. Ultramafic-hosted hydrothermal systems, such as the recently discovered Rainbow system at 36°13.80′N, 33°54.12′W on the Mid-Atlantic Ridge, indicate reaction processes in keeping with results of the present experiments, as suggested by vent fluid chemistry and temperature. In particular, relatively high SiO2, Ca, H2, and Fe concentrations characterize the Rainbow vent fluids. Indeed, Fe concentrations are the highest of any vent system yet discovered and require a relatively low pH in the subseafloor reaction zone from which the fluids are derived. This, together with the SiO2 concentrations of the vent fluids, strongly indicates fluid buffering by silica-rich phases produced during pyroxene dissolution, the likely abundant presence of olivine notwithstanding. Time-series observations at Rainbow are clearly needed to better constrain the temporal evolution of hydrothermal alteration processes of ultramafic rocks in subseafloor reaction zones. In the absence of events permitting fluid continuous access to fresh rock, pyroxene will ultimately be consumed and vent fluids may then reflect changes imposed by bulk compositional constraints characteristic of ultramafic bodies at depth, which would be in better agreement with theoretical phase relations for the fully equilibrated system.

How is it that people are so willing to pay financial investors large sums of money when it is not at all clear that these investors are especially capable of outperforming the market? This is not the first case of an apparently exploitative relationship flourishing between two consenting parties. The sociologist Pierre Bourdieu has developed theories addressing such questions based upon his own practical investigations into similar seen, but unseen, social practices in the field of education. We must understand that people are cultural creatures who, throughout an entire lifetime, have been exposed to a complicated web of cultural understandings that pattern their relationship to the investment game. Given the extent of all of the cultural baggage regarding the investment game that people “bring to the table,” perhaps the fact that people consume the services of investment professionals is, as opposed to being inexplicably irrational, quite reasonable after all.

Experimental, theoretical and field investigations of hydrothermal alteration processes in ultramafic systems at mid-ocean ridges, indicate that these systems have the capacity to buffer pH at surprisingly low values (pH T,P = 4.9-5.2), which profoundly affects fluid chemistry. Sluggish reaction kinetics of olivine at elevated temperatures and pressures, (e. g., 400°C, 500 bars), together with SiO 2 and Ca dissolution from coexisting pyroxene minerals, enhance the stability of tremolite and talc accounting for the observed acidity. Moreover, oxidation of ferrous silicate components in unstable minerals, especially pyroxenes, generates high H 2(aq) concentrations, which together with the relatively low pH, increase Fe solubility, consistent with the Fe-rich nature of vents fluids issuing from ultramafic-hosted hydrothermal systems at Rainbow and Logatchev at 36°N and 14°N, respectively, on the Mid-Atlantic Ridge. The high dissolved Cu and Ni concentrations, and low H 2 S (aq) of these vent fluids, indicate redox buffering by magnetite-bornite-chalcocite-heazelwoodite (Ni 2 S 3 )-fluid equilibria, as indicated by experimental and theoretical data. Data show that dissolved Cu is particularly sensitive to temperature change, while H 2 S (aq) and Fe are affected less by this, although Fe is highly sensitive to pH and dissolved chloride. Dissolved chloride concentrations observed for both the Rainbow and Logatchev hydrothermal systems depart significantly from seawater and suggest supercritical phase separation in subseafloor reaction zones. The relatively high temperatures required for this, together with the high rates of fluid flow at Rainbow, indicate a magmatic heat source. The most unusual feature of fluids issuing from the Rainbow and Logatchev hydrothermal systems, however, involves high dissolved concentrations of methane and other hydrocarbon species, and detectable carbon monoxide. Experimental data indicate that reducing conditions and mineral catalytic effects may account for this, although the reported CO (aq) at Rainbow is well below predicted levels, suggesting re-equilibration at lower temperatures.

The purpose of this chapter is to examine how different solubility algorithms provide different estimates of storage capacity assessments and lead to different assessments of CO 2 trapping mechanisms. Secure storage of carbon in deep saline aquifers requires CO 2 ―brine―rock reactions to convert injected CO 2 into dissolved species and solid carbonate minerals. Effective characterization of these reactions on the capacity and security of storage requires accurate representations of CO 2 solubility in brine. Several widely used solubility models and the geochemical reaction simulator Geochemist's Workbench© (GWB) were compared. These models incorporate various fugacity coefficients, interacting parameters, and corrections for nonideal behavior of the mixtures (H 2 O―CO 2 ―salt). The solubility models of Duan and Sun [2003] and Spycher and Pruess [2005] agree well with experimental data both in pure water and in saline solutions. The model of Enick and Klara [ 1990] also produces results in agreement with experimental data if the fugacity coefficient is calculated based on Duan and Sun [2003]. The radius of formation necessary to store 3.3 x 10 11 kg of CO 2 (equivalent to 30 years of CO 2 emissions from a 1000-MW coal-fired power plant) for the 60-m thick Rose Run Sandstone ranges from 6 to 28 km, depending on the solubility model used. Predictions of silicate mineral dissolution and the precipitation of CO 2 trapping carbonate minerals also depend considerably on the choice of solubility model. The choice of solubility model has tremendous impact on sequestration evaluations, especially: predictions of the volume of a formation required for specific amounts of CO 2 , assessments of hydrodynamic, mineral, and solubility trapping mechanisms, and forecasts of density-driven flow patterns. Complementary to this study, the next chapter in this volume explores how simulations of flow and transport processes are impacted by choice of solubility model and other equation-of-state components.

A number of high-profile media stories in recent years have made social and environmental issues prominent in the minds of the American public and corporations. Nobel Laureate Al Gore’s Academy Award-winning documentary film on global warming, An Inconvenient Truth, and cover stories on social and environmental challenges facing the world economy in Newsweek, Time, Business Week, The Economist, and Fortune have helped raise awareness of significant problems we have accumulated over the past hundred years of industrial development and the need for ecologically and socially sustainable economic development in the future.

CO 2 reduction processes occurring during experimental serpentinization of olivine at 300 °C and 500 bar confirm that ultramafic rocks can play an important role in the generation of abiogenic hydrocarbon gas. Data reveal that conversion of Fe(II) in olivine to Fe(III) in magnetite during serpentinization leads to production of H 2 and conversion of dissolved CO 2 to reduced-C species including methane, ethane, propane, and an amorphous carbonaceous phase. Hydrocarbon gases generated in the process fit a Schulz-Flory distribution consistent with catalysis by mineral reactants or products. Magnetite is inferred to be the catalyst for methanization during serpentinization, because it has been previously shown to accelerate Fischer-Tropsch synthesis of methane in industrial applications involving mixtures of H 2 and CO 2 . The carbonaceous phase was predominantly aliphatic, but had a significant aromatic component. Although this phase should ultimately be converted to hydrocarbon gases and graphite, if full thermodynamic equilibrium were established, its formation in these experiments indicates that the pathway for reduction of CO 2 during serpentinization processes is complex and involves a series of metastable intermediates.