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1. Depletion of dexamethasone in cattle: Food safety study in dairy and beef cattle.

Author

Chicoine, Al, Renaud, David L., Enouri, Saad S., Dowling, Patricia M., Gu, Yu, and Johnson, Ron J.

Subjects
FOOD safety, VETERINARY drug residues, DEXAMETHASONE, ADIPOSE tissues, CATTLE, BEEF cattle, MAMMARY glands, KIDNEYS
Abstract

Dexamethasone is approved for cattle in Canada for several conditions, but no withdrawal times are currently provided on the approved labels. Recently, the list of Maximum Residues Limits for Veterinary Drugs in Foods in Canada was amended to include dexamethasone. The objectives of this study were to determine the residue depletion profile of dexamethasone after an extra‐label dosage regimen in milk of healthy lactating dairy cattle (n = 18) and in edible tissues of healthy beef cattle (n = 16) and to suggest withdrawal intervals. Dexamethasone was administered intramuscularly at 0.05 mg/kg daily for 3 days. Milk samples were collected prior to treatment and every 12 h up to 96 h post‐dose. Muscle, liver, kidney, and peri‐renal fat tissues were collected from beef cattle at 3, 7, 11, or 15 days post‐dose. Dexamethasone analysis was performed by liquid chromatography/mass spectrophotometry. Dexamethasone residues were detected in milk samples up to 36 h. Muscle and fat had no detectable dexamethasone residues while kidney and liver had detectable residues only on day 3 post‐dose. A withdrawal interval of 48 h for milk in Canadian dairy cattle and 7 days for meat in Canadian beef cattle are suggested for the dexamethasone treatment regimen most commonly requested to CgFARAD™. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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3. Species-specificity of equine and porcine Lawsonia intracellularis isolates in laboratory animals.

Author

Sampieri, Francesca, Vannucci, Fabio A, Allen, Andrew L, Pusterla, Nicola, Antonopoulos, Aphroditi J, Ball, Katherine R, Thompson, Julie, Dowling, Patricia M, Hamilton, Don L, and Gebhart, Connie J

Subjects
Biodefense, Infectious Diseases, Prevention, Emerging Infectious Diseases, Vaccine Related, Aetiology, 2.1 Biological and endogenous factors, Animals, Cricetinae, DNA, Bacterial, Desulfovibrionaceae Infections, Disease Models, Animal, Feces, Female, Horse Diseases, Horses, Immunohistochemistry, Intestinal Diseases, Lawsonia Bacteria, Mesocricetus, Polymerase Chain Reaction, Rabbits, Random Allocation, Species Specificity, Specific Pathogen-Free Organisms, Statistics, Nonparametric, Swine, Swine Diseases, Veterinary Sciences
Abstract

Lawsonia intracellularis infection causes proliferative enteropathy (PE) in many mammalian species, with porcine and equine proliferative enteropathy (PPE and EPE) known worldwide. Hamsters are a well-published animal model for PPE infection studies in pigs. There is no laboratory animal model for EPE infection studies and it is not known whether there is species-specificity for equine or porcine isolates of L. intracellularis in animal models. The objective of this study was to determine whether it is possible to generate typical EPE lesions in hamsters after inoculation with an equine strain of L. intracellularis (EPE strain) and whether it is comparatively possible to generate PPE lesions in rabbits after inoculation with a porcine strain of L. intracellularis (PPE strain). In 2 separate trials, 4-week-old and 3-week-old weanling golden Syrian hamsters were challenged with EPE strains and compared to uninfected (both trials) and PPE-infected controls (Trial 2 only). Concurrently, 6 female New Zealand white juvenile rabbits were infected with PPE strain and observed concomitantly to 8 similar rabbits infected with EPE strain for a different experiment. Hamsters and rabbits were observed for 21 to 24 days post-infection (DPI), depending on the experiment. Neither infected species developed clinical signs. The presence of disease was assessed with diagnostic techniques classically used for pigs and horses: immune-peroxidase monolayer assay on sera; quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) detection of molecular DNA in feces; and hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) stain and immunohistochemistry (IHC) on intestinal tissues. Our results showed that EPE-challenged hamsters do not develop infection when compared with PPE controls (IHC, P = 0.009; qPCR, P = 0.0003). Conversely, PPE-challenged rabbits do not develop typical intestinal lesions in comparison to EPE-challenged rabbits, with serological response at 14 DPI being significantly lower (P = 0.0023). In conclusion, PPE and EPE strains appear to have different host-specificities for hamsters and rabbits, respectively.

Published
2013

4. Characterisation of faecal microbiota in horses medicated with oral doxycycline hyclate.

Author

Chapuis, Ronan J. J., Becker, Anne A. M. J., Dowling, Patricia M., and Weese, J. Scott

Abstract

Copyright of Equine Veterinary Journal is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Published
2023
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7. Contributors

Author

Abbott, Jonathan A., primary, Adamantos, Sophie, additional, Adin, Christopher A., additional, Allen-Durrance, Ashley E., additional, Armentano, Robert A., additional, Aronson, Lillian R., additional, Balakrishnan, Anusha, additional, Beal, Matthew W., additional, Berent, Allyson, additional, Boag, Amanda K., additional, Boller, Elise Mittleman, additional, Boller, Manuel, additional, Boothe, Dawn Merton, additional, Borchers, Angela, additional, Boysen, Søren R., additional, Brainard, Benjamin M., additional, Brown, Andrew J., additional, Brown, Scott, additional, Burkitt, Jamie M., additional, Casal, Margret L., additional, Caulfield, Ann M., additional, Chan, Daniel L., additional, Chapman, Peter S., additional, Chastain, C.B., additional, Chew, Dennis J., additional, Clarke, Dana L., additional, Claus, Melissa A., additional, Cohn, Leah A., additional, Cooper, Edward, additional, Côté, Etienne, additional, Crane, M. Bronwyn, additional, Culp, William T.N., additional, Daly, Meredith L., additional, Davis, Emily, additional, Davis, Harold, additional, de Laforcade, Armelle, additional, DeFrancesco, Teresa, additional, Dixon-Jimenez, Amy, additional, Donahue, Suzanne, additional, Dowling, Patricia M., additional, Drobatz, Kenneth J., additional, Eatroff, Adam E., additional, Edwards, Melissa, additional, Eirmann, Laura, additional, Epstein, Steven, additional, Fletcher, Daniel J., additional, Francey, Thierry, additional, Fudge, Mack, additional, Garzotto, Caroline K., additional, Gaynor, Alison R., additional, Giger, Urs, additional, Giunti, Massimo, additional, Goggs, Robert A.N., additional, Goldstein, Richard E., additional, Green, Todd A., additional, Groman, Reid P., additional, Guillaumin, Julien, additional, Hackett, Tim B., additional, Hackner, Susan G., additional, Haldane, Sarah, additional, Hallowell, Terry C., additional, Harvey, Ralph C., additional, Haskins, Steve C., additional, Hayes, Galina, additional, Hess, Rebecka S., additional, Hoareau, Guillaume L., additional, Hogan, Daniel F., additional, Hollingsworth, Steven R., additional, Holmberg, Bradford J., additional, Holt, David, additional, Hopper, Kate, additional, Hughes, Dez, additional, Hume, Daniel Z., additional, Humm, Karen R., additional, Jandrey, Karl E., additional, Jasani, Shailen, additional, Johnson, Lynelle R., additional, Jutkowitz, L. Ari, additional, Kanakubo, Kayo, additional, Kerl, Marie E., additional, King, Lesley G., additional, Knipe, Marguerite F., additional, Koenig, Amie, additional, Labato, Mary Anna, additional, Langston, Catherine E., additional, Larsen, Jennifer A., additional, Larson, Victoria S., additional, LeCouteur, Richard A., additional, Lee, Justine A., additional, Lewis, Daniel Huw, additional, Li, Ronald, additional, Liu, Debra T., additional, MacDonald, Kristin A., additional, Machen, Maggie C., additional, Madden, Valerie, additional, Maglaras, Christina, additional, Mandell, Deborah C., additional, Mann, F.A. (Tony), additional, Martin, Linda G., additional, Massicotte, Christiane, additional, Mathews, Karol A., additional, Mazzaferro, Elisa M., additional, McIntyre, Robin L., additional, McMichael, Maureen, additional, Mehl, Margo, additional, Mellema, Matthew S., additional, Michel, Kathryn E., additional, Miller, Carrie J., additional, Miller, James B., additional, Moeser, Adam, additional, Otto, Cynthia M., additional, Oura, Trisha J., additional, Oyama, Mark A., additional, Palm, Carrie A., additional, Papich, Mark G., additional, Pariaut, Romain, additional, Perkowski, Sandra, additional, Pich, Michele, additional, Platt, Simon R., additional, Powell, Lisa Leigh, additional, Prošek, Robert, additional, Pypendop, Bruno H., additional, Quandt, Jane, additional, Rahilly, Louisa J., additional, Ralph, Alan G., additional, Rankin, Shelley C., additional, Rebar, Alan H., additional, Reineke, Erica L., additional, Reiss, Adam J., additional, Reynolds, Caryn, additional, Riordan, Laura L., additional, Robben, Joris H., additional, Robinson, Narda G., additional, Rondeau, Mark P., additional, Rosenstein, Patricia G., additional, Rousseau, Alexandre, additional, Rozanski, Elizabeth A., additional, Rudloff, Elke, additional, Santoro-Beer, Kari, additional, Sauvé, Valérie, additional, Savino, Emily, additional, Schaer, Michael, additional, Serrano, Sergio, additional, Sharp, Claire R., additional, Shaw, Scott P., additional, Sigrist, Nadja E., additional, Silverstein, Deborah C., additional, Sleeper, Meg, additional, Smarick, Sean, additional, Smart, Lisa, additional, Sorrell-Raschi, Laurie, additional, Steinberg, Sheldon A., additional, Stewart, Randolph H., additional, Sturges, Beverly K., additional, Sykes, Jane E., additional, Syring, Rebecca S., additional, Todd, Jeffrey M., additional, Trotman, Tara K., additional, Vernau, Karen M., additional, Villaverde, Cecilia, additional, Vite, Charles H., additional, Volk, Susan W., additional, Waddell, Lori S., additional, Wang, Andrea, additional, Ward, Cynthia R., additional, Ware, Wendy A., additional, Wey, Aaron C., additional, Willard, Michael D., additional, Winkler, Kevin P., additional, Wright, Annie Malouin, additional, Wright, Bonnie, additional, and Wright, Kathy N., additional

Published
2015
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10. Contributors

Author

Amend, Katie S., primary, Bailey, C. Scott, additional, Banse, Heidi, additional, Baratt, Robert M., additional, Barger, Anne, additional, Barton, Michelle Henry, additional, Bassage, Lance H., additional, Beerntsen, Brenda T., additional, Bertone, Alicia L., additional, Birks, Eric K., additional, Bischoff, Karyn, additional, Blissitt, Karen, additional, Bonagura, John D., additional, Bourgeois, Melissa, additional, Brown, Jennifer A., additional, Brumitt, Jason W., additional, Bryan, Jeffrey N., additional, Buhl, Rikke, additional, Burke, Daniel J., additional, Camus, Melinda S., additional, Canisso, Igor Frederico, additional, Carlson, Kelly L., additional, Carmalt, James L., additional, Chew, Leeah R., additional, Childers, Cameon M., additional, Cora, Michelle, additional, Costa, Lais R.R., additional, Coutinho da Silva, Marco A., additional, Couto, Gabriel Borges, additional, Cregar, Laura C., additional, Cruz, Antonio M., additional, Dascanio, John J., additional, Davidson, Elizabeth J., additional, Davis, Heather, additional, DeLorey, Mary S., additional, DeLuca, Catherine A., additional, DeWitt, Shane F., additional, Figueiredo, Monica Dias, additional, Diaw, Mouhamadou K., additional, Di Terlizzi, Roberta, additional, Dowling, Patricia M., additional, Ducharme, Norm G., additional, Dujovne, Ghislaine, additional, Durando, Mary M., additional, Duren, Steven, additional, Earley, Edward T., additional, Eaton, Sarah E., additional, Eggleston, Randy, additional, Elfenbein, Johanna, additional, Ensley, Steve, additional, Epstein, Kira L., additional, Evans, Tim J., additional, Farnsworth, Kelly, additional, Ferrer, Maria S., additional, Ferris, Ryan A., additional, Fidel, Janean L., additional, García-López, José M., additional, Garner, Bridget C., additional, Gaskill, Cynthia L., additional, Gerard, Mathew P., additional, Getman, Liberty M., additional, Gilger, Brian C., additional, Gilliam, Lyndi L., additional, Gilor, Shir, additional, Giuliano, Elizabeth A., additional, Gomez-Ibanez, Sara, additional, Graham-Thiers, Patty, additional, Grand, François-Xavier, additional, Grasperge, Britton, additional, Grondin, Tanya M., additional, Groover, Erin S., additional, Gruntman, Alisha M., additional, Gwaltney-Brant, Sharon, additional, Hanson, R. Reid, additional, Hart, Kelsey A., additional, Haussler, Kevin K., additional, Hawkins, Jan F., additional, Hayden, Shelby, additional, Hayles, Jonathan, additional, Henneke, Don, additional, Hewes, Christina, additional, Hill, Sara A., additional, Hines, Melissa T., additional, Hines, Siddra, additional, Hoff, Brent, additional, Hoffmann, Andrew M., additional, Hoffman, Rhonda M., additional, Holyoak, Gilbert Reed, additional, House, Amanda Martabano, additional, Hurcombe, Samuel D.A., additional, Imerman, Paula M., additional, Jenner, Florien, additional, Jesty, Sophy A., additional, Johnson, Aime K., additional, Johnson, Philip J., additional, Kalf, Kelly L., additional, Kaneps, Andris J., additional, Kawcak, Chris, additional, Keegan, Kevin, additional, King, Alana, additional, Knight, Anthony P., additional, Kramer, Joanne, additional, Krimer, Paula M., additional, Lane, Laura V., additional, Lascola, Kara M., additional, Lawrence, Laurie M., additional, Lefebvre, Rejean Cléophas, additional, Londoño, Alfredo Sanchez, additional, Long, Maureen T., additional, Love, Charles C., additional, Mair, Tim, additional, Makloski, Chelsea, additional, Mattoon, John S., additional, Mazan, Melissa R., additional, Montilla, Hernán J., additional, Morgan, Sandra E., additional, Morresey, Peter R., additional, Mostrom, Michelle S., additional, Munsterman, Amelia, additional, Murphy, Lisa A., additional, Murphy, Mike, additional, Neelis, Dana A., additional, Nolen-Walston, Rose, additional, Norton, Joan, additional, Nout, Yvette S., additional, Passler, Nicole H., additional, Paxson, Julia A., additional, Pearson, Erwin G., additional, Pearson, Lisa K., additional, Pellegrini-Masini, Alessandra, additional, Petersen, Annette, additional, Pinto, Nelson I., additional, Piperisova, Ida, additional, Plough, Tracy, additional, Puchalski, Sarah M., additional, Puschner, Birgit, additional, Raggio, Ignacio, additional, Raisbeck, Merl F., additional, Reed, Stephen M., additional, Reilly, Thomas J., additional, Renschler, Janelle S., additional, Rizzi, Theresa E., additional, Roberts, Gregory D., additional, Rodriguez, Jacobo S., additional, Royal, Angela B., additional, Samper, Juan C., additional, Sampieri, Francesca, additional, Santschi, Elizabeth M., additional, Sardoy, Maria Clara, additional, Sathe, Swanand R., additional, Schommer, Susan, additional, Schumacher, John, additional, Schwarzwald, Colin C., additional, Diaz, Olga Seco, additional, Seino, Kathy K., additional, Sellon, Debra C., additional, Selting, Kim A., additional, Senter, David, additional, Sherlock, Ceri, additional, Siciliano, Paul D., additional, Smith, Phoebe A., additional, Snyder, Laura Ann, additional, Stashak, Ted S., additional, Stewart, Allison J., additional, Stull, Carolyn L., additional, Sullins, Kenneth E, additional, Sutter, W. Wesley, additional, Taintor, Jennifer, additional, Talcott, Patricia A., additional, Tennent-Brown, Brett, additional, Théorêt, Christine, additional, Tibary, Ahmed, additional, Timoney, Peter J., additional, Tizard, Ian, additional, Toribio, Ramiro E., additional, Tripp, Chelsea D., additional, Troedsson, Mats H.T., additional, Valentine, Beth A., additional, van Loon, Gunther, additional, Velde, Karsten, additional, Voelkl, Dawna L., additional, Waldridge, Bryan M., additional, Warren, Lori K., additional, Weber, Kimberly, additional, Whitney, Marlyn S., additional, Wiedmeyer, Charles, additional, Wilborn, Robyn R., additional, Wilkins, Pamela, additional, Wilkinson, Tom, additional, Williams, Carey A., additional, Williams, Jarred, additional, Wimer, Christine L., additional, Wise, L. Nicki, additional, and Young, Lesley E., additional

Published
2012
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11. Contributors

Author

Abbott, Jonathan A., primary, Adamantos, Sophie, additional, Aldrich, Janet, additional, Alwood, Amy J., additional, Aronson, Lillian R., additional, Bagley, Rodney S., additional, Barton, Linda, additional, Bateman, Shane W., additional, Beal, Matthew W., additional, Berent, Allyson C., additional, Bergman, Philip J., additional, Boag, Amanda K., additional, Mittleman Boller, Elise, additional, Boller, Manuel, additional, Bond, Betsy R., additional, Boothe, Dawn M., additional, Boysen, Søren R., additional, Brainard, Benjamin M., additional, Brown, Andrew J., additional, Brown, Scott, additional, Burkett, Dennis E., additional, Burkitt, Jamie M., additional, Chan, Daniel L., additional, Chapman, Peter S., additional, Chastain, C.B., additional, Chew, Dennis J., additional, Clare, Monica C., additional, Cohn, Leah A., additional, Cole, Steven G., additional, Costello, Merilee F., additional, Côté, Etienne, additional, Crane, M. Bronwyn, additional, (Tim) Crowe, Dennis T., additional, Culp, William T.N., additional, Daly, Meredith L., additional, Davis, Harold, additional, DeFrancesco, Teresa, additional, de Laforcade, Armelle M., additional, Donahue, Suzanne, additional, Dosher, Kristi L., additional, Dowling, Patricia M., additional, Drellich, Sharon, additional, Drobatz, Kenneth J., additional, Joel Edwards, N., additional, Eirmann, Laura, additional, Elliott, Denise A., additional, Fischer, Julie R., additional, Fletcher, Daniel J., additional, Francey, Thierry, additional, Fudge, Mack, additional, Garzotto, Caroline K., additional, Gaynor, Alison R., additional, Giger, Urs, additional, Giunti, Massimo, additional, Goggs, Robert, additional, Goldstein, Richard E., additional, Green, Todd, additional, Groman, Reid P., additional, Hackett, Timothy B., additional, Hackner, Susan G., additional, Hall, Kelly, additional, Harvey, Ralph C., additional, Hess, Rebecka S., additional, Hogan, Daniel F., additional, Hollingsworth, Steven R., additional, Holmberg, Bradford J., additional, Holt, David, additional, Hopper, Kate, additional, Hughes, Dez, additional, Hume, Daniel Z., additional, Humm, Karen R., additional, Jandrey, Karl E., additional, Jasani, Shailen, additional, Johnson, Kersten, additional, Johnson, Lynelle R., additional, Ari Jutkowitz, L., additional, Kerl, Marie E., additional, King, Lesley G., additional, Klide, Alan M., additional, Koenig, Amie, additional, Kovacic, Jan P., additional, Knipe, Marguerite F., additional, Kutzler, Michelle A., additional, Anna Labato, Mary, additional, Langston, Catherine E., additional, Larson, Victoria, additional, Laste, Nancy J., additional, LeCouteur, Richard A., additional, Lee, Justine A., additional, Lehman, Tracy L., additional, Malouin, Annie, additional, Mandell, Deborah C., additional, Mann, F.A., additional, Martin, Linda G., additional, Mazzaferro, Elisa M., additional, McMichael, Maureen, additional, Mehl, Margo, additional, Kate Meier, C., additional, Mellema, Matthew S., additional, Michel, Kathryn E., additional, Miller, Carrie J., additional, Miller, James B., additional, Monnet, Eric, additional, Murphy, Lisa A., additional, Christopher Orton, E., additional, Otto, Cynthia M., additional, Oyama, Mark A., additional, Pariaut, Romain, additional, Perkowski, Sandra Z., additional, Peterson, Michael E., additional, Platt, Simon R., additional, Leigh Powell, Lisa, additional, Prošek, Robert, additional, Pypendop, Bruno H., additional, Quandt, Jane, additional, Rahilly, Louisa, additional, Rankin, Shelley C., additional, Rebar, Alan H., additional, Lynn Reineke, Erica, additional, Reiss, Adam J., additional, Rieser, Teresa M., additional, Riordan, Laura L., additional, Robinson, Narda G., additional, Rochat, Mark C., additional, Rollings, Christopher, additional, Rondeau, Mark P., additional, Rozanski, Elizabeth A., additional, Rudloff, Elke, additional, Sauvé, Valérie, additional, Schaer, Michael, additional, Schildt, Julie C., additional, Scott, Nancy E., additional, Serrano, Sergio, additional, Shaw, Scott P., additional, Sigrist, Nadja E., additional, Silverstein, Deborah C., additional, Simmons, Jeffery P., additional, Sleeper, Meg, additional, Slensky, Kimberly, additional, Smarick, Sean, additional, Sorrell-Raschi, Laurie, additional, Sturges, Beverly K., additional, Sykes, Jane E., additional, Syring, Rebecca S., additional, Tocci, Lynel J., additional, Todd, Jeffrey, additional, Trotman, Tara K., additional, Vernau, Karen M., additional, Vite, Charles H., additional, Volk, Susan W., additional, Waddell, Lori S., additional, Ward, Cynthia R., additional, Ware, Wendy A., additional, Wey, Aaron C., additional, Willard, Michael D., additional, Winkler, Kevin P., additional, Wohl, James S., additional, Wright, Bonnie, additional, and Wright, Kathy N., additional

Published
2009
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15. Contributors

Author

Ainsworth, Dorothy M., primary, Andrews, Frank M., additional, Barton, Michelle Henry, additional, Bayly, Warwick M., additional, Beard, Laurie A., additional, Bertone, Joseph J., additional, Blikslager, Anthony T., additional, Bonagura, John D., additional, Byrne, Barbara A., additional, Carnevale, Elaine M., additional, Coutinho da Silva, Marco A., additional, Crisman, Mark V., additional, Davis, Jennifer L., additional, Dickinson, Charles, additional, Dowling, Patricia M., additional, Duckett, Wendy M., additional, Eades, Susan C., additional, Ecker, Gayle, additional, Foreman, Jonathan H., additional, Frazer, Grant S., additional, Granstrom, David E., additional, Hackett, Richard P., additional, Hansen, Bernard, additional, Hardy, Joanne, additional, Hinchcliff, Kenneth W., additional, Hines, Melissa T., additional, Horohov, David W., additional, Jones, Samuel L., additional, Jose-Cunilleras, Eduard, additional, Kapper, Donald R., additional, Kohn, Catherine W., additional, Lester, Guy D., additional, Lohmann, Katharina L., additional, Long, Maureen T., additional, Lunn, D. Paul, additional, MacLeay, Jennifer M., additional, Matthews, Hilary K., additional, McConnico, Rebecca S., additional, Mealey, Robert H., additional, Metcalf, Elizabeth S., additional, Moore, Rustin M., additional, Muir, William, additional, Nout, Yvette S., additional, Oaks, J. Lindsay, additional, Paccamonti, Dale L., additional, Perkins, Nigel R., additional, Pinto, Carlos R.F., additional, Porter, Michael B., additional, Pusterla, Nicola, additional, Ralston, Sarah L., additional, Reed, Stephen M., additional, Reef, Virginia B., additional, Rees, Christine A., additional, Rikihisa, Yasuko, additional, Roberts, Malcom C., additional, Rooney, Debra K., additional, Rowe, James B., additional, Rush, Bonnie R., additional, Samper, Juan C., additional, Sanchez, L. Chris, additional, Santschi, Elizabeth M., additional, Saville, William J., additional, Schmitz, David G., additional, Schott II, Harold C., additional, Sellon, Debra C., additional, Sharp, Daniel C., additional, Sommardahl, Carla S., additional, Stewart, Allison J., additional, Stewart, Randolph H., additional, Stokes, Ashley M., additional, Toribio, Ramiro E., additional, Wilkie, David A., additional, Wilkins, Pamela A., additional, Wilson, W. David, additional, Wittum, Thomas E., additional, and Zimmel, Dana N., additional

Published
2004
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17. Tissue residue depletion of fenbendazole after oral administration in turkeys

Author

Enouri, Saad S., Guerin, Michele T., Wilson, Innes G., Dowling, Patricia M., and Johnson, Ron J.

Subjects
Canada, Turkeys, Administration, Oral, Animals, Scientific, Female, Fenbendazole, Chickens
Abstract

The objectives of this study were to determine tissue depletion of fenbendazole in turkeys and estimate a withdrawal interval (WDI). Forty-eight 9-week-old turkeys were fed fenbendazole at 30 mg/kg of feed for 7 consecutive days. Three hens and 3 toms were sacrificed every 2 days from 2 to 16 days post-treatment, and tissues were collected to determine fenbendazole sulfone (FBZ-SO(2)) concentrations using mass spectrometry. At all timepoints, FBZ-SO(2) concentrations in liver and skin-adherent fat were above the limit of quantification (1 ppb), with higher concentrations than those in kidney and muscle. Two turkeys had detectable FBZ-SO(2) concentrations in kidney at 16 days. No detectable FBZ-SO(2) concentrations were found in muscle at 14 and 16 days. Fenbendazole residues depleted very slowly from the liver and a WDI of at least 39 days should be observed under the conditions of this study, in order to comply with Canadian regulatory agencies.

Published
2019

18. Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of doxycycline in a Streptococcusequi subsp. zooepidemicus infection model in horses.

Author

Chapuis, Ronan J. J., Smith, Joe S., Uehlinger, Fabienne D., Meachem, Melissa, Johnson, Ron, and Dowling, Patricia M.

Subjects
DOXYCYCLINE, PHARMACOKINETICS, PHARMACODYNAMICS, HORSES, INFECTION, VACCINATION
Abstract

The objectives of this study were to investigate the pharmacokinetics (PK), pharmacodynamics (PD), and the efficacy of oral administration of doxycycline (DXC) in horses with Streptococcus zooepidemicus tissue infections. Tissue chambers (TC) were implanted subcutaneously in the cervical region of 7 horses and inoculated with a single S. zooepidemicus isolate with a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 0.25 µg/ml, determined by agar dilution. Doxycycline hyclate (10 mg/kg, orally, q 12 h, for 5 days) mixed with poloxamer gel was started following inoculation. The TC fluid was sampled prior to and following inoculation for cytology analysis, quantitative culture, and DXC determination. Plasma DXC concentrations were measured over 48 h following the last dose of DXC administered. The mean plasma peak concentration (Cmax) of DXC was 0.32 µg/ml, and concentrations above the MIC were only reached in 3 TC samples. In plasma, mean T > MIC was 2.4 h, mean Cmax/MIC was 1.30, and mean AUClast/MIC was 11.63 h. These PK/PD indices did not reach the suggested targets for DXC treatments of infections, and the TC abscessed in all horses. This is the first study to evaluate the recommended dose of DXC in horse in an infection model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2021
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24. Parasite control in Canadian companion animal shelters and a cost-comparison of anthelmintics

Author

Schurer, Janna M., McKenzie, Christina, Dowling, Patricia M., Bouchard, Emilie, and Jenkins, Emily J.

Subjects
Canada, Dogs, Antiparasitic Agents, Data Collection, Parasitic Diseases, Animal, Surveys and Questionnaires, Cats, Animals, Scientific, Dog Diseases, Cat Diseases, Housing, Animal
Abstract

Animal shelters have limited resources and must accommodate large numbers of animals at unpredictable intake rates. These dogs and cats are often parasitized, which can adversely affect the health of animals and expose shelter workers and adoptive owners to zoonoses. We analyzed survey responses from rural (n = 32) and urban (n = 50) companion animal shelters across Canada, and compared the wholesale cost of commercially available anthelmintics to identify cost-effective methods of managing parasites within shelters. Almost all shelters employed nematocides (98% to 99%), but cestocides and ectoparasiticides were used less frequently. Shelters identified cost as an important consideration in choosing to perform fecal diagnostic testing and administer anthelmintics, and this motivated many shelters to selectively perform testing (66%) or never to test (32%), and to use drugs extralabel (80%).

Published
2015

25. A retrospective diagnostic laboratory survey of antimicrobial resistance in fecal Escherichia coli isolated from spring calves in western Canada

Author

Checkley, Sylvia L., Campbell, John R., Waldner, Cheryl L., Dowling, Patricia M., and Chirino-Trejo, Manuel

Subjects
Male, Canada, Dose-Response Relationship, Drug, Colony Count, Microbial, Cattle Diseases, Scientific, Microbial Sensitivity Tests, humanities, Feces, Treatment Outcome, Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial, Drug Resistance, Bacterial, Escherichia coli, Animals, Cattle, Drug Therapy, Combination, Female, Escherichia coli Infections, Retrospective Studies
Abstract

Diagnostic laboratory data on antimicrobial susceptibility of Escherichia coli isolated from feces of spring calves were evaluated retrospectively for the 5-year period from 1999 to 2003. The antimicrobials to which resistance was most prevalent were tetracycline, ampicillin, and trimethoprim/sulphamethoxazole. Resistance to 3 or more antimicrobials was found in 52.5% [95% confidence interval (CI): 47.9 to 56.6] of the E. coli isolates. Incomplete records reduced the usefulness of the diagnostic laboratory data for surveillance. Standardized patient information submitted by veterinary clinics would increase the value of this data for surveillance.

Published
2010

26. Bacterial isolates from equine infections in western Canada (1998–2003)

Author

Clark, Chris, Greenwood, Sarah, Boison, Joe O., Chirino-Trejo, Manuel, and Dowling, Patricia M.

Subjects
Male, Canada, Colony Count, Microbial, Scientific, Microbial Sensitivity Tests, Anti-Bacterial Agents, Streptococcal Infections, Drug Resistance, Bacterial, Escherichia coli, Animals, Streptococcus equi, Wounds and Injuries, Female, Horse Diseases, Horses, Respiratory Tract Infections, Escherichia coli Infections
Abstract

All bacterial samples of equine origin submitted to the diagnostic laboratory at the Western College of Veterinary Medicine from January 1998 to December 2003 from either "in-clinic" or Field Service cases were accessed (1323 submissions). The most common bacterial isolates from specific presenting signs were identified, along with their in vitro antimicrobial susceptibility patterns. The most common site from which significant bacterial isolates were recovered was the respiratory tract, followed by wounds. Streptococcus zooepidemicus was the most common isolate from most infections, followed by Escherichia coli. Antimicrobial resistance was not common in the isolates and acquired antimicrobial resistance to multiple drugs was rare. The results are compared with previous published studies from other institutions and used to suggest appropriate antimicrobial treatments for equine infections in western Canada.

Published
2008

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