35 results on '"Drewe J.A."'
Search Results
2. Surveillance and risk assessment for early detection of emerging infectious diseases in livestock
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GUITIÃN, J., primary, ALARCON, P., additional, SNARY, E.L., additional, DREWE, J.A., additional, and CROTTA, M., additional
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- 2023
- Full Text
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3. Reshaping surveillance for infectious diseases: less chasing of pathogens and more monitoring of drivers
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HASLER, B., primary, DREWE, J.A., additional, and GEORGE, J., additional
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- 2023
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4. Risk factors for visible lesions or positive laboratory tests in bovine tuberculosis reactor cattle in Northern Ireland
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O’Hagan, M.J.H., Courcier, E.A., Drewe, J.A., Gordon, A.W., McNair, J., and Abernethy, D.A.
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- 2015
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5. Spatial and temporal interactions between livestock and wildlife in South Central Spain assessed by camera traps
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Kukielka, E., Barasona, J.A., Cowie, C.E., Drewe, J.A., Gortazar, C., Cotarelo, I., and Vicente, J.
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- 2013
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6. Proposed terms and concepts for describing and evaluating animal-health surveillance systems
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Hoinville, L.J., Alban, L., Drewe, J.A., Gibbens, J.C., Gustafson, L., Häsler, B., Saegerman, C., Salman, M., and Stärk, K.D.C.
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- 2013
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- View/download PDF
7. Welfare of small ruminants during transport (Scientific Opinion on the...)
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Nielsen, S.S., Alvarez, J., Bicout, D.J., Calistri, P., Canali, E., Drewe, J.A., Garin-Bastuji, B., Gonzales Rojas, J.L., Gortázar Schmidt, C., Michel, V., Miranda Chueca, M.Á., Padalino, B., Pasquali, P., Roberts, H.C., Spoolder, H., Stahl, K., Velarde, A., Viltrop, A., Winckler, C., Earley, B., Edwards, S., Faucitano, L., Marti, S., Miranda de La Lama, G.C., Nanni Costa, L., Thomsen, P.T., Ashe, S., Mur, L., Van der Stede, Y., and Herskin, M.
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sheep ,Settore AGR/19 - Zootecnica Speciale ,goats ,animal welfare assessment ,animal-based measures ,Farm to Fork Strategy ,hazards ,quantitative thresholds ,small ruminants ,transport ,welfare consequences - Published
- 2022
8. Pathology of Mycobacterium bovis Infection in Wild Meerkats ( Suricata suricatta)
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Drewe, J.A., Foote, A.K., Sutcliffe, R.L., and Pearce, G.P.
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- 2009
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9. MEAT-BORNE HAZARDS, CONCEPTS AND METHODS FOR MITIGATING RISKS RELATED TO
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Stärk, K.D.C., primary and Drewe, J.A., additional
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- 2014
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10. Assessing the expenditure distribution of animal health surveillance: the case of Great Britain
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Drewe, J.A., Häsler, B., Rushton, J., and Stärk, K. D. C.
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- 2014
- Full Text
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11. Scientific Opinion on the rift Valley Fever: risk of persistence, spread and impact in Mayotte (France)
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Nielsen, S.S., Alvarez, J., Bicout, D.J., Calistri, P., Depner, K., Drewe, J.A., Garin-Bastuji, B., Gonzales Rojas, J.L., Smidt, C.G., Michel, V., Miranda Chueca, M.Á., Roberts, H.C., Sihvonen, I.H., Stahl, K., Velarde, A., Trop, A., Winckler, C., Cetre-Sossah, C., Chevalier, V., de Vos-de Jong, C.J., Gubbins, S., Antoniou, S.E., Broglia, A., Dhollander, S., and Van der Stede, Y.
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Epidemiologie, Bioinformatica & Diermodellen ,Life Science ,Epidemiology, Bio-informatics & Animal models - Abstract
Rift Valley fever (RVF) is a vector-borne disease transmitted by different mosquito species, especially Aedes and Culex genus, to animals and humans. In November 2018, RVF re-emerged in Mayotte (France) after 11 years. Up to the end of October 2019, 126 outbreaks in animals and 143 human cases were reported. RVF mortality was 0.01%, and the number of abortions reported in polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-positive ruminants was fivefold greater than the previous 7 years. Milk loss production in 2019 compared to 2015–2018 was estimated to be 18%, corresponding to an economic loss of around €191,000 in all of Mayotte. The tropical climate in Mayotte provides conditions for the presence of mosquitoes during the whole year, and illegal introductions of animals represent a continuous risk of (re)introduction of RVF. The probability of RVF virus (RVFV) persisting in Mayotte for 5 or more years was estimated to be < 10% but could be much lower if vertical transmission in vectors does not occur. Persistence of RVF by vertical transmission in Mayotte and Réunion appears to be of minor relevance compared to other pathways of re-introduction (i.e. animal movement). However, there is a high uncertainty since there is limited information about the vertical transmission of some of the major species of vectors of RVFV in Mayotte and Réunion. The only identified pathways for the risk of spread of RVF from Mayotte to other countries were by infected vectors transported in airplanes or by wind currents. For the former, the risk of introduction of RVF to continental France was estimated to 4 × 10−6 epidemic per year (median value; 95% CI: 2 × 10−8; 0.0007), and 0.001 epidemic per year to Réunion (95% CI: 4 × 10−6; 0.16). For the latter pathway, mosquitoes dispersing on the wind from Mayotte between January and April 2019 could have reached the Comoros Islands, Madagascar, Mozambique and, possibly, Tanzania. However, these countries are already endemic for RVF, and an incursion of RVFV-infected mosquitoes would have negligible impact.
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- 2020
12. Gating-dependent mechanism of 4-aminopyridine block in two related potassium channels
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Kirsch, G.E. and Drewe, J.A.
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Potassium channels -- Research ,Aminopyridines -- Analysis ,Voltage-clamp technique (Electrophysiology) -- Usage ,Biological sciences ,Health - Abstract
The mechanism and location of operation at the molecular level of 4-aminopyridine (4AP), a preferential blocker of voltage-activated K+ currents in excitable membranes, were studied in Kv3.1 and Kv3.1, mammalian representatives of the Drosophila Show and Shab subfamilies of voltage-gated K+ channels. The gating mechanism protects the region to which 4AP binds in both channels.
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- 1993
13. Comparison of H5, S6, and H5-S6 exchanges on pore properties of voltage-dependent K+ channels.
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Taglialatela, M., primary, Champagne, M.S., additional, Drewe, J.A., additional, and Brown, A.M., additional
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- 1994
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14. Rescue of lethal subunits into functional K+ channels
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Taglialatela, M., primary, Payne, J.P., additional, Drewe, J.A., additional, and Brown, A.M., additional
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- 1994
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15. Segmental exchanges define 4-aminopyridine binding and the inner mouth of K+ pores
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Kirsch, G.E., primary, Shieh, C.-C., additional, Drewe, J.A., additional, Vener, D.F., additional, and Brownt, A.M., additional
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- 1993
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16. Histidine substitution identifies a surface position and confers Cs+ selectivity on a K+ pore
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De Biasi, M., primary, Drewe, J.A., additional, Kirsch, G.E., additional, and Brown, A.M., additional
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- 1993
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17. Functional interactions between K+ pore residues located in different subunits
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Kirsch, G.E., primary, Drewe, J.A., additional, De Biasi, M., additional, Hartmann, H.A., additional, and Brown, A.M., additional
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- 1993
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18. A single nonpolar residue in the deep pore of related K+ channels acts as a K+:Rb+ conductance switch
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Kirsch, G.E., primary, Drewe, J.A., additional, Taglialatela, M., additional, Joho, R.H., additional, DeBiasi, M., additional, Hartmann, H.A., additional, and Brown, A.M., additional
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- 1992
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19. Gating currents from a delayed rectifier K+ channel with altered pore structure and function
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Taglialatela, M., primary, Kirsch, G.E., additional, VanDongen, A.M., additional, Drewe, J.A., additional, Hartmann, H.A., additional, Joho, R.H., additional, Stefani, E., additional, and Brown, A.M., additional
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- 1992
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20. Synaptic transmission between dissociated...
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Drewe, J.A. and Childs, G.V.
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NERVOUS system - Abstract
Presents a report on a neuronal isolation procedure that leads to retention of synaptic function. Discusses synaptic transmission between dissociated adult mammalian neurons and attached synaptic boutons. Details studies; Results.
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- 1988
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21. Assessment of the control measures of the category A diseases of Animal Health Law: sheep and goat pox
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EFSA Panel on Animal Health and Welfare, Nielsen, Søren Saxmose, Alvarez, Julio, Bicout, Dominique Joseph, Calistri, Paolo, Canali, Elisabetta, Drewe, Julian Ashley, Garin-Bastuji, Bruno, Gonzales Rojas, José Luis, Gortázar, Christian, Herskin, Mette, Michel, Virginie, Miranda Chueca, Miguel Ángel, Padalino, Barbara, Pasquali, Paolo, Sihvonen, Liisa Helena, Spoolder, Hans, Ståhl, Karl, Velarde, Antonio, Viltrop, Arvo, Winckler, Christoph, De Clercq, Kris, Gubbins, Simon, Aznar, Inma, Broglia, Alessandro, Producció Animal, Benestar Animal, Nielsen S.S., Alvarez J., Bicout D.J., Calistri P., Canali E., Drewe J.A., Garin-Bastuji B., Gonzales Rojas J.L., Gortazar C., Herskin M., Michel V., Miranda Chueca M.A., Padalino B., Pasquali P., Sihvonen L.H., Spoolder H., Stahl K., Velarde A., Viltrop A., Winckler C., De Clercq K., Gubbins S., Aznar I., and Broglia A.
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sampling procedures ,Nutrition. Foods and food supply ,Veterinary (miscellaneous) ,Chemical technology ,SPP/GTP ,surveillance zone ,Plant Science ,TP1-1185 ,sampling procedure ,Microbiology ,protection zone ,Scientific Opinion ,Animal Science and Zoology ,Parasitology ,monitoring period ,TX341-641 ,Food8822 ,Food Science - Abstract
EFSA received a mandate from the European Commission to assess the effectiveness of some of the control measures against diseases included in the Category A list according to Regulation (EU) 2016/429 on transmissible animal diseases (‘Animal Health Law’). This opinion belongs to a series of opinions where these control measures will be assessed, with this opinion covering the assessment of control measures for sheep and goat pox. In this opinion, EFSA and the AHAW Panel of experts review the effectiveness of: (i) clinical and laboratory sampling procedures, (ii) monitoring period and (iii) the minimum radii of the protection and surveillance zones, and the minimum length of time the measures should be applied in these zones. The general methodology used for this series of opinions has been published elsewhere; nonetheless, the transmission kernels used for the assessment of the minimum radii of the protection and surveillance zones are shown. Several scenarios for which these control measures had to be assessed were designed and agreed prior to the start of the assessment. Different risk-based sampling procedures based on clinical visits and laboratory testing are assessed in case of outbreak suspicion, granting animal movements and for repopulation purposes. The monitoring period of 21 days was assessed as effective. The estimated probability of transmission beyond the protection zone of 3 km radius from an infectious establishment is 9.6% (95% CI: 3.1–25.8%) and 2.3% (95% CI: 1–5.5%) for the surveillance zone of 10 km radius. This may be considered sufficient to contain the disease spread (95% probability of containing transmission corresponds to 5.3 Km). To contain 99% of the spread, the radius should be increased to 19.4 km (95% CI: 9.8–26.8). This may increase the number of farms in the surveillance zone, since the area would increase fourfold. info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
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- 2021
22. Assessment of animal diseases caused by bacteria resistant to antimicrobials: Swine
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EFSA Panel on Animal Health and Welfare, Nielsen, Søren Saxmose, Bicout, Dominique Joseph, Calistri, Paolo, Canali, Elisabetta, Drewe, Julian Ashley, Garin-Bastuji, Bruno, Gonzales Rojas, Jose Luis, Gortazar Schmidt, Christian, Herskin, Mette, Michel, Virginie, Miranda Chueca, Miguel Angel, Padalino, Barbara, Pasquali, Paolo, Roberts, Helen Clare, Sihvonen, Liisa Helena, Spoolder, Hans, Stahl, Karl, Velarde, Antonio, Viltrop, Arvo, Winckler, Christoph, Dewulf, Jeroen, Guardabassi, Luca, Hilbert, Friederike, Mader, Rodolphe, Baldinelli, Francesca, Alvarez, Julio, Producció Animal, Benestar Animal, Nielsen S.S., Bicout D.J., Calistri P., Canali E., Drewe J.A., Garin-Bastuji B., Gonzales Rojas J.L., Gortazar Schmidt C., Herskin M., Michel V., Miranda Chueca M.A., Padalino B., Pasquali P., Roberts H.C., Sihvonen L.H., Spoolder H., Stahl K., Velarde A., Viltrop A., Winckler C., Dewulf J., Guardabassi L., Hilbert F., Mader R., Baldinelli F., and Alvarez J.
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animal health law ,pig ,Veterinary (miscellaneous) ,BRACHYSPIRA-HYODYSENTERIAE ,TP1-1185 ,Plant Science ,SUSCEPTIBILITY ,Microbiology ,TX341-641 ,PIGS ,Veterinary Sciences ,antimicrobial resistance ,extensive literature review ,Nutrition. Foods and food supply ,Chemical technology ,ANTIBIOTIC-RESISTANCE ,swine ,Plan9741 ,Scientific Opinion ,ESCHERICHIA-COLI ,PATTERNS ,Animal Science and Zoology ,Parasitology ,Food Science - Abstract
In this opinion, the antimicrobial-resistant bacteria responsible for transmissible diseases that constitute a threat to the health of pigs have been assessed. The assessment has been performed following a methodology based on information collected by an extensive literature review and expert judgement. Details of the methodology used for this assessment are explained in a separate opinion. A global state of play of antimicrobial resistant Escherichia coli, Streptococcus suis, Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae, Pasteurella multocida, Glaeserella parasuis, Bordetella bronchiseptica, Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus hyicus, Brachyspira hyodysenteriae, Trueperella pyogenes, Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae, Streptococcus dysgalactiae, Mycoplasma hyosynoviae, Mycoplasma hyorhinis, Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae and Brachyspira pilosicoli has been provided. Among those bacteria, EFSA identified E. coli and B. hyodysenteriae with > 66% certainty as being the most relevant antimicrobial resistant bacteria in the EU based on the available evidence. The animal health impact of these most relevant bacteria, as well as their eligibility for being listed and categorised within the animal health law framework will be assessed in separate scientific opinions. info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
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- 2021
23. Assessment of animal diseases caused by bacteria resistant to antimicrobials: Horses
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EFSA Panel on Animal Health and Welfare (AHAW), Nielsen, Søren Saxmose, Bicout, Dominique Joseph, Calistri, Paolo, Canali, Elisabetta, Drewe, Julian Ashley, Garin-Bastuji, Bruno, Gonzales Rojas, Jose Luis, Gortazar Schmidt, Christian, Herskin, Mette, Michel, Virginie, Miranda Chueca, Miguel Angel, Padalino, Barbara, Pasquali, Paolo, Roberts, Helen Clare, Sihvonen, Liisa Helena, Spoolder, Hans, Stahl, Karl, Velarde, Antonio, Viltrop, Arvo, Winckler, Christoph, Dewulf, Jeroen, Guardabassi, Luca, Hilbert, Friederike, Mader, Rodolphe, Baldinelli, Francesca, Alvarez, Julio, Producció Animal, Benestar Animal, Nielsen S.S., Bicout D.J., Calistri P., Canali E., Drewe J.A., Garin-Bastuji B., Gonzales Rojas J.L., Gortazar Schmidt C., Herskin M., Michel V., Miranda Chueca M.A., Padalino B., Pasquali P., Roberts H.C., Sihvonen L.H., Spoolder H., Stahl K., Velarde A., Viltrop A., Winckler C., Dewulf J., Guardabassi L., Hilbert F., Mader R., Baldinelli F., and Alvarez J.
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animal health law ,Nutrition. Foods and food supply ,Veterinary (miscellaneous) ,Chemical technology ,review ,Anim7316 ,Plant Science ,TP1-1185 ,bacterial infections and mycoses ,Microbiology ,horse ,extensive literature ,Scientific Opinion ,bacteria ,Animal Science and Zoology ,Parasitology ,TX341-641 ,Veterinary Sciences ,antimicrobial resistance ,SPP ,extensive literature review ,Food Science - Abstract
In this opinion, the antimicrobial-resistant bacteria responsible for transmissible diseases that constitute a threat to the health of horses have been assessed. The assessment has been performed following a methodology composed of information collected via an extensive literature review and expert judgement. Details on the methodology used for this assessment are explained in a separate opinion. A global state of play of antimicrobial-resistant Actinobacillus equuli, Dermatophilus congolensis, Enterococcus spp., Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pasteurella spp., Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Rhodococcus equi, Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus dysgalactiae subsp. dysgalactiae/equisimilis and Streptococcus equi subsp. equi and subsp. zooepidemicus has been provided. Among those bacteria, EFSA identified E. coli, Staphylococcus aureus and R. equi with more than 66% certainty as the most relevant antimicrobial-resistant bacteria in the EU, given their importance as causative agents of clinical disease in horses and the significant levels of resistance to clinically relevant antimicrobials. The animal health impact of these ‘most relevant’ bacteria as well as their eligibility of being listed and categorised within the animal health law framework will be assessed in separate scientific opinions. info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
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- 2021
24. Assessment of animal diseases caused by bacteria resistant to antimicrobials: cattle
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EFSA Panel on Animal Health and Welfare (AHAW), Nielsen, Søren Saxmose, Bicout, Dominique Joseph, Calistri, Paolo, Canali, Elisabetta, Drewe, Julian Ashley, Garin-Bastuji, Bruno, Gonzales Rojas, Jose Luis, Gortazar Schmidt, Christian, Herskin, Mette, Michel, Virginie, Miranda Chueca, Miguel Angel, Padalino, Barbara, Pasquali, Paolo, Roberts, Helen Clare, Spoolder, Hans, Stahl, Karl, Velarde, Antonio, Viltrop, Arvo, Winckler, Christoph, Dewulf, Jeroen, Guardabassi, Luca, Hilbert, Friederike, Mader, Rodolphe, Baldinelli, Francesca, Alvarez, Julio, Producció Animal, Benestar Animal, Nielsen S.S., Bicout D.J., Calistri P., Canali E., Drewe J.A., Garin-Bastuji B., Gonzales Rojas J.L., Gortazar Schmidt C., Herskin M., Michel V., Miranda Chueca M.A., Padalino B., Pasquali P., Roberts H.C., Spoolder H., Stahl K., Velarde A., Viltrop A., Winckler C., Dewulf J., Guardabassi L., Hilbert F., Mader R., Baldinelli F., and Alvarez J.
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animal health law ,FEEDLOT CATTLE ,Veterinary (miscellaneous) ,MANNHEIMIA-HAEMOLYTICA ,review ,Plant Science ,TP1-1185 ,SUSCEPTIBILITY ,Microbiology ,MASTITIS ,TX341-641 ,Veterinary Sciences ,antimicrobial resistance ,extensive literature review ,DAIRY-COWS ,Nutrition. Foods and food supply ,Chemical technology ,Anim7316 ,STAPHYLOCOCCUS-AUREUS STRAINS ,STREPTOCOCCUS-UBERIS ,extensive literature ,Scientific Opinion ,BOVINE RESPIRATORY-DISEASE ,PASTEURELLA-MULTOCIDA ,cattle ,Animal Science and Zoology ,Parasitology ,Food Science ,ARCANOBACTERIUM-PYOGENES - Abstract
In this opinion, the antimicrobial resistant bacteria responsible for transmissible diseases that constitute a threat to the health of cattle have been assessed. The assessment has been performed following a methodology based on information collected by an extensive literature review and expert judgement. Details of the methodology used for this assessment are explained in a separate opinion. A global state of play on antimicrobial resistance in clinical isolates of Escherichia coli (non-VTEC), Klebsiella pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus uberis, Streptococcus dysgalactiae, Pasteurella multocida, Mannheimia haemolytica, Histophilus somni, Mycoplasma bovis, Moraxella bovis, Fusobacterium necrophorum and Trueperella pyogenes is provided. Among those bacteria, EFSA identified E. coli and S. aureus with ≥ 66% certainty as being the most relevant antimicrobial resistant bacteria in cattle in the EU based on the available evidence. The animal health impact of these most relevant bacteria, as well as their eligibility for being listed and categorised within the animal health law framework will be assessed in separate scientific opinions. info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
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- 2021
25. Assessment of the control measures of the category A diseases of Animal Health Law: Newcastle disease
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EFSA Panel on Animal Health and Welfare (EFSA AHAW Panel), Nielsen, Søren Saxmose, Alvarez, Julio, Bicout, Dominique Joseph, Calistri, Paolo, Canali, Elisabetta, Drewe, Julian Ashley, Garin-Bastuji, Bruno, Gonzales Rojas, José Luis, Gortázar Schmidt, Christian, Herskin, Mette, Michel, Virginie, Miranda Chueca, Miguel Ángel, Padalino, Barbara, Pasquali, Paolo, Spoolder, Hans, Ståhl, Karl, Velarde, Antonio, Viltrop, Arvo, Winckler, Christoph, Gubbins, Simon, Stegeman, Jan Arend, Antoniou, Sotiria-Eleni, Aznar, Inma, Broglia, Alessandro, Van der Stede, Yves, Zancanaro, Gabriele, Roberts, Helen Clare, Producció Animal, Benestar Animal, Nielsen S.S., Alvarez J., Bicout D.J., Calistri P., Canali E., Drewe J.A., Garin-Bastuji B., Gonzales Rojas J.L., Gortazar Schmidt C., Herskin M., Michel V., Miranda Chueca M.A., Padalino B., Pasquali P., Spoolder H., Stahl K., Velarde A., Viltrop A., Winckler C., Gubbins S., Stegeman J.A., Antoniou S.-E., Aznar I., Broglia A., Van der Stede Y., Zancanaro G., and Roberts H.C.
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Veterinary (miscellaneous) ,Control (management) ,surveillance zone ,TP1-1185 ,Plant Science ,Microbiology ,Newcastle disease ,Environmental health ,Medicine ,TX341-641 ,sampling procedures ,biology ,Animal health ,Nutrition. Foods and food supply ,business.industry ,Chemical technology ,sampling procedure ,biology.organism_classification ,protection zone ,Scientific Opinion ,disease control measures ,disease control measure ,Animal Science and Zoology ,Parasitology ,monitoring period ,ND ,business ,Food Science - Abstract
EFSA received a mandate from the European Commission to assess the effectiveness of some of the control measures against diseases included in the Category A list according to Regulation (EU) 2016/429 on transmissible animal diseases (‘Animal Health Law’). This opinion belongs to a series of opinions where these control measures will be assessed, with this opinion covering the assessment of control measures for Newcastle disease (ND). In this opinion, EFSA and the AHAW Panel of experts review the effectiveness of: (i) clinical and laboratory sampling procedures, (ii) monitoring period and (iii) the minimum radius of the protection and surveillance zone, and the minimum length of time the measures should be applied in these zones. The general methodology used for this series of opinions has been published elsewhere. Several scenarios for which these control measures had to be assessed were designed and agreed prior to the start of the assessment. The monitoring period (21 days) was assessed as effective in non-vaccinated chicken and turkey flocks, although large uncertainty remains surrounding the effectiveness of this period in vaccinated galliform flocks and flocks of other bird species. It was also concluded that the protection (3 km radius) and the surveillance (10 km radius) zones contain 99% of the infections from an infectious establishment. Recommendations provided for each of the scenarios assessed aim to support the European Commission in the drafting of further pieces of legislation, as well as for plausible ad hoc requests in relation to ND. info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
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- 2021
26. Assessment of animal diseases caused by bacteria resistant to antimicrobials: rabbits
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EFSA Panel on Animal Health and Welfare, Nielsen, Søren Saxmose, Bicout, Dominique Joseph, Calistri, Paolo, Canali, Elisabetta, Drewe, Julian Ashley, Garin-Bastuji, Bruno, Gonzales Rojas, Jose Luis, Gortazar Schmidt, Christian, Herskin, Mette, Michel, Virginie, Miranda Chueca, Miguel Angel, Padalino, Barbara, Pasquali, Paolo, Roberts, Helen Clare, Spoolder, Hans, Stahl, Karl, Velarde, Antonio, Viltrop, Arvo, Winckler, Christoph, Dewulf, Jeroen, Guardabassi, Luca, Hilbert, Friederike, Mader, Rodolphe, Baldinelli, Francesca, Alvarez, Julio, Nielsen S.S., Bicout D.J., Calistri P., Canali E., Drewe J.A., Garin-Bastuji B., Gonzales Rojas J.L., Gortazar Schmidt C., Herskin M., Michel V., Miranda Chueca M.A., Padalino B., Pasquali P., Roberts H.C., Spoolder H., Stahl K., Velarde A., Viltrop A., Winckler C., Dewulf J., Guardabassi L., Hilbert F., Mader R., Baldinelli F., Alvarez J., Producció Animal, and Benestar Animal
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rabbits ,Nutrition. Foods and food supply ,Chemical technology ,Veterinary (miscellaneous) ,TP1-1185 ,Plant Science ,Microbiology ,Scientific Opinion ,Animal Health Law ,TX341-641 ,Animal Science and Zoology ,Parasitology ,antimicrobial resistance ,extensive literature review ,Food Science - Abstract
In this opinion, the antimicrobial-resistant bacteria responsible for transmissible diseases that constitute a threat to the health of farmed rabbits have been assessed. The assessment has been performed following a methodology based on information collected through an extensive literature review and expert judgement. Details of the methodology used for this assessment are explained in a separate opinion. A global state of play on antimicrobial resistance in clinical isolates of Pasteurella multocida, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, Bordetella bronchiseptica, Clostridium difficile, Clostridium perfringens and Clostridium spiroforme is provided. Among these bacteria, none were identified as being the most relevant antimicrobial-resistant bacteria in rabbits in the EU due to the very limited scientific evidence available. info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
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- 2021
27. Assessment of animal diseases caused by bacteria resistant to antimicrobials: Poultry
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Nielsen, Soren Saxmose, Bicout, Dominique Joseph, Calistri, Paolo, Canali, Elisabetta, Drewe, Julian Ashley, Garin-Bastuji, Bruno, Rojas, Jose Luis Gonzales, Schmidt, Christian Gortazar, Herskin, Mette, Michel, Virginie, Chueca, Miguel Angel Miranda, Padalino, Barbara, Pasquali, Paolo, Roberts, Helen Clare, Spoolder, Hans, Stahl, Karl, Velarde, Antonio, Viltrop, Arvo, Winckler, Christoph, Dewulf, Jeroen, Guardabassi, Luca, Hilbert, Friederike, Mader, Rodolphe, Baldinelli, Francesca, Alvarez, Julio, EFSA Panel Anim Hlth Welf AHAW, for the, Producció Animal, Benestar Animal, Nielsen S.S., Bicout D.J., Calistri P., Canali E., Drewe J.A., Garin-Bastuji B., Gonzales Rojas J.L., Gortazar Schmidt C., Herskin M., Michel V., Miranda Chueca M.A., Padalino B., Pasquali P., Roberts H.C., Spoolder H., Stahl K., Velarde A., Viltrop A., Winckler C., Dewulf J., Guardabassi L., Hilbert F., Mader R., Baldinelli F., and Alvarez J.
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Veterinary (miscellaneous) ,review ,TP1-1185 ,Plant Science ,SUSCEPTIBILITY ,PHENOTYPE ,Microbiology ,Animal Health Law ,TX341-641 ,Veterinary Sciences ,antimicrobial resistance ,Pesticides ,extensive literature review ,INTEGRONS ,CHICKENS ,Nutrition. Foods and food supply ,HEBEI ,Chemical technology ,poultry ,GENOTYPE ,extensive literature ,Scientific Opinion ,PASTEURELLA-MULTOCIDA ,PATHOGENIC ESCHERICHIA-COLI ,AVIBACTERIUM-PARAGALLINARUM ,Animal Science and Zoology ,Parasitology ,Food Science - Abstract
In this opinion, the antimicrobial-resistant bacteria responsible for transmissible diseases that constitute a threat to poultry health have been assessed. The assessment has been performed following a methodology based on information collected by an extensive literature review and expert judgement. Details of the methodology used for this assessment are explained in a separate opinion. A global state of play is provided for: Avibacterium (Haemophilus) paragallinarum, Bordetella avium, Clostridium perfringens, Enterococcus faecalis and Enterococcus cecorum, Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae, Escherichia coli, Gallibacterium spp., Mycoplasma synoviae, Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale, Pasteurella multocida, Riemerella anatipestifer and Staphylococcus aureus. Among those bacteria, EFSA identified Escherichia coli, Enterococcus faecalis and Enterococcus cecorum with ≥ 66% certainty as being the most relevant antimicrobial resistant bacteria in the EU based on the available evidence. The animal health impact of these most relevant bacteria, and their eligibility for being listed and categorised within the Animal Health Law Framework, will be assessed in separate scientific opinions. info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
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- 2021
28. Welfare of sheep and goats at slaughter
- Author
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EFSA Panel on Animal Health and Welfare (AHAW), Nielsen, Søren Saxmose, Alvarez, Julio, Bicout, Dominique Joseph, Calistri, Paolo, Canali, Elisabetta, Drewe, Julian Ashley, Garin-Bastuji, Bruno, Gonzales Rojas, Jose Luis, Gortázar Schmidt, Christian, Herskin, Mette, Miranda Chueca, Miguel Ángel, Padalino, Barbara, Pasquali, Paolo, Roberts, Helen Clare, Spoolder, Hans, Stahl, Karl, Velarde, Antonio, Viltrop, Arvo, Winckler, Christoph, Candiani, Denise, Rapagnà, Cristina, Van der Stede, Yves, Michel, Virginie, Producció Animal, Benestar Animal, Nielsen S.S., Alvarez J., Bicout D.J., Calistri P., Canali E., Drewe J.A., Garin-Bastuji B., Gonzales Rojas J.L., Gortazar Schmidt C., Herskin M., Miranda Chueca M.A., Padalino B., Pasquali P., Roberts H.C., Spoolder H., Stahl K., Velarde A., Viltrop A., Winckler C., Candiani D., Rapagna C., Van der Stede Y., and Michel V.
- Subjects
ABMs ,hazard ,Veterinary (miscellaneous) ,media_common.quotation_subject ,animal welfare consequences ,ABM ,TP1-1185 ,Plant Science ,Microbiology ,Skill sets ,animal welfare consequence ,preventive/corrective measure ,Environmental health ,Medicine ,TX341-641 ,small ruminants ,Cold stress ,media_common ,preventive/corrective measures ,Social stress ,Nutrition. Foods and food supply ,business.industry ,Chemical technology ,Stunning ,Anim7316 ,Heat stress ,Distress ,Scientific Opinion ,Animal Science and Zoology ,Parasitology ,slaughter ,business ,Welfare ,hazards ,Food Science - Abstract
The killing of sheep and goats for human consumption (slaughtering) can take place in a slaughterhouse or on-farm. The processes of slaughtering that were assessed for welfare, from the arrival of sheep and goats until their death (including slaughtering without stunning), were grouped into three main phases: pre-stunning (including arrival, unloading from the truck, lairage, handling and moving of sheep and goats); stunning (including restraint); and bleeding. Stunning methods were grouped into two categories: mechanical and electrical. Twelve welfare consequences that sheep and goats may experience during slaughter were identified: heat stress, cold stress, fatigue, prolonged thirst, prolonged hunger, impeded movement, restriction of movements, resting problems, social stress, pain, fear and distress. These welfare consequences and their relevant animal-based measures are described in detail in this Scientific Opinion. In total, 40 welfare hazards that could occur during slaughter were identified and characterised, most of them related to stunning and bleeding. Staff were identified as the origin of 39 hazards, which were attributed to the lack of appropriate skill sets needed to perform tasks or to fatigue. Measures to prevent and correct hazards were identified, and structural and managerial measures were identified as those with a crucial role in prevention. Outcome tables linking hazards, welfare consequences, animal-based measures, origin of hazards and preventive and corrective measures were developed for each process. Mitigation measures to minimise welfare consequences are proposed. info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
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- 2021
29. Assessment of the control measures of the category A diseases of Animal Health Law: Classical Swine Fever
- Author
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EFSA Panel on Animal Health and Welfare (AHAW), Søren Saxmose Nielsen, Julio Alvarez, Dominique Joseph Bicout, Paolo Calistri, Elisabetta Canali, Julian Ashley Drewe, Bruno Garin‐Bastuji, José Luis Gonzales Rojas, Christian Gortázar Schmidt, Mette Herskin, Virginie Michel, Miguel Ángel Miranda Chueca, Barbara Padalino, Paolo Pasquali, Liisa Helena Sihvonen, Hans Spoolder, Karl Ståhl, Antonio Velarde, Arvo Viltrop, Christoph Winckler, Simon Gubbins, Jan Arend Stegeman, Sotiria‐Eleni Antoniou, Inma Aznar, Alessandro Broglia, Eliana Lima, Yves Van der Stede, Gabriele Zancanaro, Helen Clare Roberts, Producció Animal, Benestar Animal, Nielsen S.S., Alvarez J., Bicout D.J., Calistri P., Canali E., Drewe J.A., Garin-Bastuji B., Gonzales Rojas J.L., Gortazar Schmidt C., Herskin M., Michel V., Miranda Chueca M.A., Padalino B., Pasquali P., Sihvonen L.H., Spoolder H., Stahl K., Velarde A., Viltrop A., Winckler C., Gubbins S., Stegeman J.A., Antoniou S.-E., Aznar I., Broglia A., Lima E., Van der Stede Y., Zancanaro G., and Roberts H.C.
- Subjects
disease control ,Veterinary (miscellaneous) ,Control (management) ,surveillance zone ,Legislation ,CSF ,Plant Science ,TP1-1185 ,Microbiology ,EXPERIMENTAL-INFECTION ,EPIDEMIC ,Medicine ,European commission ,TX341-641 ,CP7-E2ALF ,CSF MARKER VACCINE ,intervention ,CHIMERIC PESTIVIRUS ,sampling procedures ,biology ,Animal health ,Minimum radius ,business.industry ,Nutrition. Foods and food supply ,Chemical technology ,Anim7316 ,sampling procedure ,EFFICACY ,biology.organism_classification ,Disease control ,WEANER PIGS ,protection zone ,Scientific Opinion ,veterinary (miscalleneous) ,Classical swine fever ,Law ,VIRUS ,Animal Science and Zoology ,Parasitology ,monitoring period ,BETWEEN-PEN TRANSMISSION ,CHALLENGE ,business ,Food Science - Abstract
EFSA received a mandate from the European Commission to assess the effectiveness of some of the control measures against diseases included in the Category A list according to Regulation (EU) 2016/429 on transmissible animal diseases ('Animal Health Law'). This opinion belongs to a series of opinions where these control measures will be assessed, with this opinion covering the assessment of control measures for Classical swine fever (CSF). In this opinion, EFSA and the AHAW Panel of experts review the effectiveness of: (i) clinical and laboratory sampling procedures, (ii) monitoring period and (iii) the minimum radii of the protection and surveillance zones, and the minimum length of time the measures should be applied in these zones. The general methodology used for this series of opinions has been published elsewhere; nonetheless, details of the model used for answering these questions are presented in this opinion as well as the transmission kernels used for the assessment of the minimum radius of the protection and surveillance zones. Several scenarios for which these control measures had to be assessed were designed and agreed prior to the start of the assessment. Here, several recommendations are given on how to increase the effectiveness of some of the sampling procedures. Based on the average length of the period between virus introduction and the reporting of a CSF suspicion, the monitoring period was assessed as non-effective. In a similar way, it was recommended that the length of the measures in the protection and surveillance zones were increased from 15 to 25 days in the protection zone and from 30 to 40 days in the surveillance zone. Finally, the analysis of existing Kernels for CSF suggested that the radius of the protection and the surveillance zones comprise 99% of the infections from an affected establishment if transmission occurred. Recommendations provided for each of the scenarios assessed aim to support the European Commission in the drafting of further pieces of legislation, as well as for plausible ad hoc requests in relation to CSF. (C) 2021 European Food Safety Authority. EFSA Journal published by John Wiley and Sons Ltd on behalf of European Food Safety Authority.
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- 2021
30. Assessment of animal diseases caused by bacteria resistant to antimicrobials:Dogs and cats
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EFSA Panel on Animal Health and Welfare (AHAW), Nielsen, Søren Saxmose, Bicout, Dominique Joseph, Calistri, Paolo, Canali, Elisabetta, Drewe, Julian Ashley, Garin-Bastuji, Bruno, Gonzales Rojas, Jose Luis, Gortazar Schmidt, Christian, Herskin, Mette, Michel, Virginie, Miranda Chueca, Miguel Angel, Padalino, Barbara, Pasquali, Paolo, Roberts, Helen Clare, Sihvonen, Liisa Helena, Spoolder, Hans, Stahl, Karl, Velarde, Antonio, Viltrop, Arvo, Winckler, Christoph, Guardabassi, Luca, Hilbert, Friederike, Mader, Rodolphe, Aznar, Inma, Baldinelli, Francesca, Alvarez, Julio, Producció Animal, Benestar Animal, Nielsen S.S., Bicout D.J., Calistri P., Canali E., Drewe J.A., Garin-Bastuji B., Gonzales Rojas J.L., Gortazar Schmidt C., Herskin M., Michel V., Miranda Chueca M.A., Padalino B., Pasquali P., Roberts H.C., Sihvonen L.H., Spoolder H., Stahl K., Velarde A., Viltrop A., Winckler C., Guardabassi L., Hilbert F., Mader R., Aznar I., Baldinelli F., and Alvarez J.
- Subjects
animal health law ,Klebsiella ,Staphylococcus pseudintermedius ,040301 veterinary sciences ,Veterinary (miscellaneous) ,cat ,INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY ,Plant Science ,TP1-1185 ,010501 environmental sciences ,SUSCEPTIBILITY ,GUIDELINES ,DIAGNOSIS ,01 natural sciences ,Microbiology ,Enterococcus faecalis ,URINARY-TRACT-INFECTIONS ,0403 veterinary science ,Antibiotic resistance ,Staphylococcus schleiferi ,Medicine ,TX341-641 ,STAPHYLOCOCCUS PSEUDINTERMEDIUS ,antimicrobial resistance ,AGENTS ,extensive literature review ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,biology ,business.industry ,Nutrition. Foods and food supply ,Chemical technology ,STRAINS ,04 agricultural and veterinary sciences ,Enterobacter ,Anim7316 ,biology.organism_classification ,Antimicrobial ,Scientific Opinion ,dog ,RISK-FACTORS ,Animal Science and Zoology ,Parasitology ,business ,CANINE ,Food Science ,Enterococcus faecium - Abstract
In this opinion the antimicrobial-resistant bacteria responsible for transmissible diseases that constitute a threat to dog and cat health have been assessed. The assessment has been performed following a methodology based on information collected via an extensive literature review and expert judgement. Details of the methodology used for this assessment are explained in a separate opinion. A global state of play of antimicrobial resistant Staphylococcus pseudintermedius, Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus schleiferi, Escherichia coli, Proteus mirabilis, Klebsiella spp., Enterobacter spp., Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Clostridium perfringens, Clostridioides difficile, Enterococcus faecalis and Enterococcus faecium has been provided. Among those bacteria, EFSA identified S. pseudintermedius, E. coli and P. aeruginosa with > 90% certainty as the most relevant antimicrobial resistant bacteria in the EU based on the available evidence. The animal health impact of these most relevant bacteria, as well as their eligibility for being listed and categorised within the animal health law framework will be assessed in separate scientific opinions. (C) 2021 European Food Safety Authority. EFSA Journal published by John Wiley and Sons Ltd on behalf of European Food Safety Authority.
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- 2021
31. Scientific Opinion on the assessment of the control measures for category A diseases of Animal Health Law:Foot and Mouth Disease
- Author
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EFSA Panel on Animal Health and Welfare (AHAW), Søren Saxmose Nielsen, Julio Alvarez, Dominique Joseph Bicout, Paolo Calistri, Elisabetta Canali, Julian Ashley Drewe, Bruno Garin‐Bastuji, José Luis Gonzales Rojas, Christian Gortázar Schmidt, Mette Herskin, Virginie Michel, Miguel Ángel Miranda Chueca, Barbara Padalino, Paolo Pasquali, Liisa Helena Sihvonen, Hans Spoolder, Karl Ståhl, Antonio Velarde, Arvo Viltrop, Christoph Winckler, Kris De Clercq, Simon Gubbins, Eyal Klement, Jan Arend Stegeman, Sotiria‐Eleni Antoniou, Inma Aznar, Alessandro Broglia, Alexandra Papanikolaou, Yves Van der Stede, Gabriele Zancanaro, Helen Clare Roberts, Producció Animal, Benestar Animal, Nielsen S.S., Alvarez J., Bicout D.J., Calistri P., Canali E., Drewe J.A., Garin-Bastuji B., Gonzales Rojas J.L., Gortazar Schmidt C., Herskin M., Michel V., Miranda Chueca M.A., Padalino B., Pasquali P., Sihvonen L.H., Spoolder H., Stahl K., Velarde A., Viltrop A., Winckler C., De Clercq K., Gubbins S., Klement E., Stegeman J.A., Antoniou S.-E., Aznar I., Broglia A., Papanikolaou A., Van der Stede Y., Zancanaro G., and Roberts H.C.
- Subjects
surveillance zone ,CATTLE ,Plant Science ,010501 environmental sciences ,01 natural sciences ,0403 veterinary science ,FMDV ,foot and mouth diseases virus ,2001 EPIDEMIC ,Medicine ,European commission ,TX341-641 ,Animal health ,Foot-and-mouth disease ,Minimum radius ,Anim7316 ,04 agricultural and veterinary sciences ,disease control measures ,Mandate ,monitoring period ,foot and mouth diseases viru ,040301 veterinary sciences ,TRANSMISSION ,Veterinary (miscellaneous) ,Control (management) ,GREAT-BRITAIN ,Legislation ,TP1-1185 ,VIRUS-INFECTION ,LABORATORY INVESTIGATIONS ,Microbiology ,FMD ,EMERGENCY VACCINATION ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,sampling procedures ,business.industry ,Nutrition. Foods and food supply ,Chemical technology ,REAL-TIME ,sampling procedure ,medicine.disease ,Foot and mouth disease ,protection zone ,Scientific Opinion ,ANTIBODY ,Law ,disease control measure ,Animal Science and Zoology ,Parasitology ,business ,PHASE COMPETITION ELISA ,Food Science - Abstract
EFSA received a mandate from the European Commission to assess the effectiveness of some of the control measures against diseases included in the Category A list according to Regulation (EU) 2016/429 on transmissible animal diseases ('Animal Health Law'). This opinion belongs to a series of opinions where these control measures will be assessed, with this opinion covering the assessment of control measures for foot and mouth disease (FMD). In this opinion, EFSA and the AHAW Panel of experts review the effectiveness of: i) clinical and laboratory sampling procedures, ii) monitoring period and iii) the minimum radius of the protection and surveillance zones, and the minimum length of time the measures should be applied in these zones. The general methodology used for this series of opinions has been published elsewhere; nonetheless, the transmission kernels used for the assessment of the minimum radius of the protection zone of 3 km and of the surveillance zone of 10 km are shown. Several scenarios for which these control measures had to be assessed were designed and agreed prior to the start of the assessment. The monitoring period of 21 days was assessed as effective, and it was concluded that the protection and the surveillance zones comprise > 99% of the infections from an affected establishment if transmission occurred. Recommendations, provided for each of the scenarios assessed, aim to support the European Commission in the drafting of further pieces of legislation, as well as for plausible ad hoc requests in relation to FMD. (C) 2021 European Food Safety Authority. EFSA Journal published by John Wiley and Sons Ltd on behalf of European Food Safety Authority.
- Published
- 2021
32. Ability of different matrices to transmit African swine fever virus
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EFSA Panel on Animal Health and Welfare (AHAW), Soren Saxmose Nielsen, Julio Alvarez, Dominique Joseph Bicout, Paolo Calistri, Elisabetta Canali, Julian Ashley Drewe, Bruno Garin‐Bastuji, Jose Luis Gonzales Rojas, Christian Gortázar Schmidt, Mette Herskin, Miguel Ángel Miranda Chueca, Virginie Michel, Barbara Padalino, Paolo Pasquali, Liisa Helena Sihvonen, Hans Spoolder, Karl Stahl, Antonio Velarde, Arvo Viltrop, Christoph Winckler, Anette Boklund, Anette Botner, Andrea Gervelmeyer, Olaf Mosbach‐Schulz, Helen Clare Roberts, Nielsen S.S., Alvarez J., Bicout D.J., Calistri P., Canali E., Drewe J.A., Garin-Bastuji B., Gonzales Rojas J.L., Gortazar Schmidt C., Herskin M., Miranda Chueca M.A., Michel V., Padalino B., Pasquali P., Sihvonen L.H., Spoolder H., Stahl K., Velarde A., Viltrop A., Winckler C., Boklund A., Botner A., Gervelmeyer A., Mosbach-Schulz O., Roberts H.C., Producció Animal, and Benestar Animal
- Subjects
Virus inactivation ,040301 veterinary sciences ,Veterinary (miscellaneous) ,Forage ,Relative rank ,DIGESTIBILITY ,TP1-1185 ,Plant Science ,010501 environmental sciences ,01 natural sciences ,Microbiology ,African swine fever virus ,DISEASE ,0403 veterinary science ,Toxicology ,TX341-641 ,virus survival ,Pig farms ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,biology ,Nutrition. Foods and food supply ,Chemical technology ,feed ,04 agricultural and veterinary sciences ,Anim7316 ,Contamination ,virus transmission ,biology.organism_classification ,vehicles ,Scientific Opinion ,Ranking ,vehicle ,SURVIVAL ,Animal Science and Zoology ,Parasitology ,African swine fever ,Knowledge elicitation ,Food Science - Abstract
This opinion assesses the risk posed by different matrices to introduce African swine fever virus (ASFV) to non‐affected regions of the EU. Matrices assessed are feed materials, enrichment/bedding materials and empty live pigs transport vehicles returning from affected areas. Although the risk from feed is considered to be lower than several other pathways (e.g. contact with infected live animals and swill feeding), it cannot be ruled out that matrices assessed in this opinion pose a risk. Evidence on survival of ASFV in different matrices from literature and a public consultation was used in an Expert Knowledge Elicitation (EKE) on the possible contamination of products and traded or imported product volumes used on pig farms. The EKE results were used in a model that provided a risk‐rank for each product's contamination likelihood (‘q’), its trade or import volume from affected EU or Eurasian areas (N) and the modelled number of potentially infected pig farms (N × q). The products ranking higher regardless of origin or destination were mash and pelleted compound feed, feed additives and cereals. Bedding/enrichment materials, hydrolysed proteins and blood products ranked lowest regardless of origin or destination. Empty vehicles ranked lower than compound feed but higher than non‐compound feed or bedding/enrichment material. It is very likely (95–99% certainty) that compound feed and cereals rank higher than feed materials, which rank higher than bedding/enrichment material and forage. As this is an assessment based on several parameters including the contamination and delivery to a pig farm, all of which have the same impact on the final ranking, risk managers should consider how the relative rank of each product may change with an effective storage period or a virus inactivation step., This publication is linked to the following EFSA Supporting Publications articles: http://www.efsa.europa.eu/en/supporting/pub/9993e and http://www.efsa.europa.eu/en/supporting/pub/9994e
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- 2021
33. Ad hoc method for the assessment of animal diseases caused by bacteria resistant to antimicrobials
- Author
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EFSA Panel on Animal Health and Welfare (AHAW), Nielsen, Søren Saxmose, Bicout, Dominique Joseph, Calistri, Paolo, Canali, Elisabetta, Drewe, Julian Ashley, Garin-Bastuji, Bruno, Gonzales Rojas, Jose Luis, Gortazar Schmidt, Christian, Herskin, Mette, Michel, Virginie, Miranda Chueca, Miguel Angel, Padalino, Barbara, Pasquali, Paolo, Roberts, Helen Clare, Sihvonen, Liisa Helena, Spoolder, Hans, Stahl, Karl, Velarde, Antonio, Viltrop, Arvo, Winckler, Christoph, Dewulf, Jeroen, Guardabassi, Luca, Hilbert, Friederike, Mader, Rodolphe, Smith, Peter, Aznar, Inmaculada, Baldinelli, Francesca, Alvarez, Julio, Producció Animal, Benestar Animal, Nielsen S.S., Bicout D.J., Calistri P., Canali E., Drewe J.A., Garin-Bastuji B., Gonzales Rojas J.L., Gortazar Schmidt C., Herskin M., Michel V., Miranda Chueca M.A., Padalino B., Pasquali P., Roberts H.C., Sihvonen L.H., Spoolder H., Stahl K., Velarde A., Viltrop A., Winckler C., Guardabassi L., Hilbert F., Mader R., Smith P., Aznar I., Munoz Guajardo I., Baldinelli F., and Alvarez J.
- Subjects
animal health law ,040301 veterinary sciences ,Veterinary (miscellaneous) ,animal pathogens ,TP1-1185 ,Plant Science ,010501 environmental sciences ,01 natural sciences ,Microbiology ,0403 veterinary science ,Antibiotic resistance ,Environmental health ,Medicine ,media_common.cataloged_instance ,TX341-641 ,European commission ,Veterinary Sciences ,antimicrobial resistance ,European union ,Animal species ,extensive literature review ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,media_common ,Animal health ,Nutrition. Foods and food supply ,business.industry ,Chemical technology ,methodology ,Anim7316 ,04 agricultural and veterinary sciences ,Resistant bacteria ,Scientific Opinion ,animal pathogen ,Animal Science and Zoology ,Parasitology ,Expert judgement ,business ,Food Science - Abstract
The European Commission requested EFSA assess antimicrobial-resistant bacteria responsible for animal transmissible diseases, with a view to listing such pathogens for European Union action. This Scientific Opinion addresses the ad hoc method developed: (i) to give a global state of play as regards resistant animal pathogens that cause transmissible animal diseases, (ii) to identify the most relevant bacteria in the EU and (iii) to summarise their actual or potential animal health impact, and to perform their assessment for being listed and categorised according to the criteria of Articles 7, 5, 9 and 8 within the Animal Health Law (AHL) framework. An extensive literature review is carried out to give the global state of play of selected resistant bacteria that constitute a threat to animal health (i). An expert judgement procedure, based on the outcome of the literature review, is applied to identify which among those bacteria subjected to the literature review are the 'most relevant' in the European Union (ii). Their animal health impact in the European Union and their assessment for being listed and categorised according to the AHL framework will follow the 'ad hoc method for the assessment on listing and categorisation of animal diseases within the framework of the Animal Health Law' that EFSA has developed in the past (iii). The assessment of (i) and (ii) is addressed in distinct scientific opinions that are published separately by animal species of interest (dogs and cats, horses, pigs, poultry, cattle, small ruminants, rabbits and aquatic animal species). The assessment of (iii) is addressed in distinct scientific opinions and published separately by the animal pathogen. (c) 2021 European Food Safety Authority. EFSA Journal published by John Wiley and Sons Ltd on behalf of European Food Safety Authority.
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- 2021
34. Assessment of the control measures of the category A diseases of Animal Health Law: Peste des petits ruminants
- Author
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EFSA Panel on Animal Health and Welfare, Nielsen, Søren Saxmose, Alvarez, Julio, Bicout, Dominique Joseph, Calistri, Paolo, Canali, Elisabetta, Depner, Klaus, Drewe, Julian Ashley, Garin-Bastuji, Bruno, Gonzales Rojas, José Luis, Gortázar, Christian, Herskin, Mette, Michel, Virginie, Miranda Chueca, Miguel Ángel, Padalino, Barbara, Pasquali, Paolo, Roberts, Helen Clare, Sihvonen, Liisa Helena, Spoolder, Hans, Ståhl, Karl, Velarde, Antonio, Viltrop, Arvo, Winckler, Christoph, Gubbins, Simon, Libeau, Genevieve, Broglia, Alessandro, Aznar, Inma, Van der Stede, Yves, Nielsen S.S., Alvarez J., Bicout D.J., Calistri P., Canali E., Depner K., Drewe J.A., Garin-Bastuji B., Gonzales Rojas J.L., Gortazar C., Herskin M., Michel V., Miranda Chueca M.A., Padalino B., Pasquali P., Roberts H.C., Sihvonen L.H., Spoolder H., Stahl K., Velarde A., Viltrop A., Winckler C., Gubbins S., Libeau G., Broglia A., Aznar I., Van der Stede Y., Producció Animal, and Benestar Animal
- Subjects
Veterinary (miscellaneous) ,Control (management) ,surveillance zone ,Legislation ,TP1-1185 ,Plant Science ,Microbiology ,PPR ,EXPERIMENTAL-INFECTION ,GOATS ,Medicine ,TX341-641 ,European commission ,peste des petits ruminant ,ANTIBODY DYNAMICS ,EXCRETION ,sampling procedures ,Animal health ,Nutrition. Foods and food supply ,business.industry ,Chemical technology ,Anim7316 ,GAMMA ,sampling procedure ,peste des petits ruminants ,protection zone ,Scientific Opinion ,SHEEP ,disease control measures ,Law ,disease control measure ,PPR OUTBREAK ,VIRUS ,Animal Science and Zoology ,Parasitology ,monitoring period ,ISOLATE ,business ,Food Science - Abstract
EFSA received a mandate from the European Commission to assess the effectiveness of some of the control measures against diseases included in the Category A list according to Regulation (EU) 2016/429 on transmissible animal diseases ('Animal Health Law'). This opinion belongs to a series of opinions where these control measures will be assessed, with this opinion covering the assessment of control measures for peste des petits ruminants (PPR). In this opinion, EFSA and the AHAW Panel of experts review the effectiveness of: (i) clinical and laboratory sampling procedures, (ii) monitoring period and (iii) the minimum radii of the protection and surveillance zones, and the minimum length of time the measures should be applied in these zones. The general methodology used for this series of opinions has been published elsewhere; nonetheless, the transmission kernels used for the assessment of the minimum radii of the protection and surveillance zones are shown. Several scenarios for which these control measures had to be assessed were designed and agreed prior to the start of the assessment. The monitoring period of 21 days was assessed as effective, except for the first affected establishments detected, where 33 days is recommended. It was concluded that beyond the protection (3 km) and the surveillance zones (10 km) only 9.6% (95% CI: 3.1-25.8%) and 2.3% (95% CI: 1-5.5%) of the infections from an affected establishment may occur, respectively. This may be considered sufficient to contain the disease spread (95% probability of containing transmission corresponds to 5.3 km). Recommendations provided for each of the scenarios assessed aim to support the European Commission in the drafting of further pieces of legislation, as well as for plausible ad-hoc requests in relation to PPR. (C) 2021 European Food Safety Authority. EFSA Journal published by John Wiley and Sons Ltd on behalf of European Food Safety Authority.
- Published
- 2021
35. Research priorities to fill knowledge gaps in wild boar management measures that could improve the control of African swine fever in wild boar populations
- Author
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EFSA Panel on Animal Health and Welfare (AHAW), Nielsen, Søren Saxmose, Alvarez, Julio, Bicout, Dominique Joseph, Calistri, Paolo, Canali, Elisabetta, Drewe, Julian Ashley, Garin-Bastuji, Bruno, Gonzales Rojas, Jose Luis, Schmidt, Christian, Herskin, Mette, Michel, Virginie, Padalino, Barbara, Pasquali, Paolo, Roberts, Helen Claire, Spoolder, Hans, Stahl, Karl, Velarde, Antonio, Winckler, Christoph, Blome, Sandra, Boklund, Anette, Bøtner, Anette, Dhollander, Sofie, Rapagnà, Cristina, Van der Stede, Yves, Miranda Chueca, Miguel Angel, Producció Animal, Benestar Animal, Nielsen S.S., Alvarez J., Bicout D.J., Calistri P., Canali E., Drewe J.A., Garin-Bastuji B., Gonzales Rojas J.L., Schmidt C., Herskin M., Michel V., Padalino B., Pasquali P., Roberts H.C., Spoolder H., Stahl K., Velarde A., Winckler C., Blome S., Boklund A., Botner A., Dhollander S., Rapagna C., Van der Stede Y., and Miranda Chueca M.A.
- Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty ,disease control ,Veterinary (miscellaneous) ,Control (management) ,LITTER SIZE ,DEER ,ESTIMATING ANIMAL DENSITY ,TP1-1185 ,Plant Science ,CROP DAMAGE ,Microbiology ,African swine fever virus ,ASF ,study protocols ,Wild boar ,Environmental health ,biology.animal ,Epidemiology ,medicine ,TX341-641 ,intervention ,Potential impact ,SUS-SCROFA-SCROFA ,research ,African swine fever ,biology ,Nutrition. Foods and food supply ,Chemical technology ,Clinical study design ,MORTALITY ,Anim7316 ,biology.organism_classification ,Research objectives ,Scientific Opinion ,Geography ,HUMAN DIMENSION ,RELATIVE ABUNDANCE ,CAMERA TRAPS ,Animal Science and Zoology ,Parasitology ,epidemiology ,SPAIN IMPLICATIONS ,Food Science - Abstract
The European Commission asked EFSA to provide study designs for the investigation of four research domains (RDs) according to major gaps in knowledge identified by EFSA in a report published in 2019: (RD 1) African swine fever (ASF) epidemiology in wild boar; (RD 2) ASF transmission by vectors; (RD 3) African swine fever virus (ASFV) survival in the environment, and (RD 4) the patterns of seasonality of ASF in wild boar and domestic pigs in the EU. In this Scientific Opinion, the second RD on ASF epidemiology in wild boar is addressed. Twenty-nine research objectives were proposed by the working group and broader ASF expert networks and 23 of these research objectives met a prespecified inclusion criterion. Fourteen of these 23 research objectives met the predefined threshold for selection and so were prioritised based on the following set of criteria: (1) the impact on ASF management; (2) the feasibility or practicality to carry out the study; (3) the potential implementation of study results in practice; (4) a possible short time-frame study (< 1 year); (5) the novelty of the study; and (6) if it was a priority for risk managers. Finally, after further elimination of three of the proposed research objectives due to overlapping scope of studies published during the development of this opinion, 11 research priorities were elaborated into short research proposals, considering the potential impact on ASF management and the period of one year for the research activities. (C) 2021 European Food Safety Authority.
- Published
- 2021
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