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We developed a rapid and user-friendly method to detect bioactive terpenes in different Cannabis flower samples based on gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC–MS). We validated the method in terms of linearity, repeatability, detection and quantitation limits and recovery. We quantitatively determine the amounts of six terpenes in seven Cannabis samples. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The production of paper is a key component for global civilization. Around 300 million tonnes of paper are produced every day globally, with matured pulpwood being the major contributor. Due to rising demand for paper and the depletion of available wood resources, researchers are now focused on finding alternative non-wood resources that are suitable for pulp and paper production. The current study aims to produce eco-friendly and biodegradable paper using a combination of Eichhornia crassipes (water hyacinth) and dried flowers. Water hyacinth is considered as a lignocellulose plant which contains 57% lignocellulose, and dried flower contains 40% cellulose, which is the prime source for paper production. Various sections of water hyacinth, including wet and dry petiole, leaves, and root, were blended with dried flowers through the soda process. Then, the physical properties and FTIR analysis was carried out to identify the quality of the paper produced. The paper produced from root and dried petiole has a lower thickness (1.0 mm and 0.5 mm) than other mix proportions. The opacity of the leaves was found to be 0.5% (light passing) and for the root 0.7% (light passing). Also, the dry petiole and root paper have a good dry tensile strength of 1.30Kpa and 1.20Kpa, respectively. Hence, paper made from dry petiole and root was found to be efficient and suitable for the paper industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Proceedings of the YSU B: Chemical & Biological Sciences / Gitakan Teghekagir. K'imia, Kensabanut'yun is the property of Publishing House of Yerevan State University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Edible flowers (EFs) are currently consumed as fresh products, but their shelf life can be extended by a suitable drying technique, avoiding the loss of visual quality and valuable nutraceutical properties. Begonia cucullata Willd is a common ornamental bedding plant, and its leaves and flowers are edible. In this work, B. cucullata red flowers were freeze-dried (FD) and hot-air dried (HAD) at different temperatures. To the best of our knowledge, our study is the first one comparing different drying methodologies and different temperatures involving sensory characterization of EFs; therefore, a codified method for the description of the sensory profile of both fresh and dried B. cucullata was developed and validated. Phytochemical analyses highlighted the better preservation of antioxidant compounds (polyphenols, flavonoids and anthocyanins) for flowers dried at 60–70 °C. Visual quality was strongly affected by the drying treatments; in particular the color of the HAD samples significantly turned darker, whereas the FD samples exhibited a marked loss of pigmentation. Although all drying conditions led to a reduction in the hedonic indices if compared with fresh flowers, the best results in terms of organoleptic properties were obtained when the drying temperature was set to 60 or 70 °C. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Following a notification from Sensient Technologies Europe GmbH (Germany) and Tsujiko Co., Ltd (Japan), submitted to the European Commission under Article 14 of Regulation (EU) 2015/2283 to place on the market dried flowers of Clitoria ternatea L. as a traditional food from a third country (TF), and in line with Article 15(2) of that Regulation, EFSA was asked by the European Commission whether there are duly reasoned safety objections to the placing on the market of the TF within the European Union. EFSA considers that the composition of the TF has been sufficiently characterised. The compositional analyses include information on cyclotides, small cyclic proteins, which have been reported to have a high thermal, chemical and enzymatic stability due to their specific chemical structure. EFSA also notes the in vitro haemolytic and cytotoxic effects reported for some cyclotides present in the TF as well as data which indicate possible effects on the immune system and on the uterus for one cyclotide (albeit not detected in Clitoria ternatea). Furthermore, there are only limited data available on the digestibility, bioavailability, toxicokinetics, and possible in vivo toxicological effects of cyclotides including some of those present in the TF. EFSA also notes that the available information demonstrates the traditional use of the TF for food colouring purposes, in Asian countries without apparent adverse health effects. A traditional use of the TF for the preparation and consumption of herbal infusions has not been established. Given the potential exposure to cyclotides resulting from the intended use for the preparation of herbal infusions, and the unknown toxicological profile of the cyclotides present in the TF, EFSA considers that the TF may pose a safety risk to human health. Thus, EFSA raises safety objections to the placing on the market within the EU of the TF (dried flowers of Clitoria ternatea L.). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on the development program, the goal to be achieved is to shape individuals and communities to become independent. This independence includes the independence of thinking, acting, and controlling what they do. From observations made, there are PKK members who only act as housewives. Though they can earn money to support their family income. As a solution, they need to get proper training conducted by the local government, service programs, or certain other institutions. In line with this PKM activity, there will be training and fostering creativity for PKK members through the use of dried grains into various dried flower creations. This activity was began with communicate by local PKK management. The presentation of the material was done by the method of lectures and discussions. Furthermore, training and practice directly make dried flowers with materials that have been prepared by the service team. To motivate participants to be more creative and uplifting, the dedication team presented a ready-made example. It hopes that participants will gain useful skills and eventually become creative and skilled human beings to increase family income.

Chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla L.) dried flowers contain a large number of interesting biologically active compounds which make it an important medicinal herb. In order to preserve the commodity quality and the biologically active compounds of chamomile, the correct management of the chamomile processing process coming from the field is fundamental. An important phase of the chamomile process is the final sieving of the dried chamomile in which the intact flower heads are separated from the other parts of the flower. In this study a simulation of a vibrating screen machine was carried out in order to find the best kinematical parameters that allow to improve efficiency during the sieving process of chamomile. The study of the movement kinematics provides the acceleration of the vibrating screen depending on its geometric and mechanical characteristics. The frequencies and amplitudes of the vibrations transmitted to the screen were estimated in the main directions, and the optimal parameters were evaluated to guarantee high sieving efficiency and reliable productivity of the machine. To validate the modelling experimental tests were performed by installing three triaxial accelerometers on the mobile frame of the machine, in order to obtain an accurate measurement on the three reference axes. The comparison of the measured values with the simulated ones demonstrated the suitability of the numerical simulation and its ability to estimate the process performance. Finally, experimental tests demonstrated that by using the optimal sieving frequency a significant reduction of waste was possible, with a consequently increase in the fraction of dried whole and intact flower. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Edible flowers (EFs) are currently consumed as fresh products, but their shelf life can be extended by a suitable drying technique, avoiding the loss of visual quality and valuable nutraceutical properties. Begonia cucullata Willd is a common ornamental bedding plant, and its leaves and flowers are edible. In this work, B. cucullata red flowers were freeze-dried (FD) and hot-air dried (HAD) at different temperatures. To the best of our knowledge, our study is the first one comparing different drying methodologies and different temperatures involving sensory characterization of EFs; therefore, a codified method for the description of the sensory profile of both fresh and dried B. cucullata was developed and validated. Phytochemical analyses highlighted the better preservation of antioxidant compounds (polyphenols, flavonoids and anthocyanins) for flowers dried at 60–70 °C. Visual quality was strongly affected by the drying treatments; in particular the color of the HAD samples significantly turned darker, whereas the FD samples exhibited a marked loss of pigmentation. Although all drying conditions led to a reduction in the hedonic indices if compared with fresh flowers, the best results in terms of organoleptic properties were obtained when the drying temperature was set to 60 or 70 °C.

Copyright of Mustafa Kemal University Journal of Agricultural Sciences / Mustafa Kemal Üniversitesi Tarım Bilimleri Dergisi is the property of Mustafa Kemal University, Faculty of Agriculture and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

A field experiment was conducted at the Center of Albadia and Sawa Lake Studies - AlMuthanna University - Iraq during the autumn season 2016 - 2017 to study the effect of leaves spray with marine Algae extract (Algaton) and levels of salinity then overlap between them in the vegetative and syphilis growth of Chrysanthemum. Tretment one use three concentrates of organic nutrient as A1, A2 and A3 respectively and three concentrations of salinity (0, 100 and 200 mM) with S1, S2 and S3, respectively. The complete design followed the experimentation in CRD and three replicates. The results showed a significant increase in the use of organic nutrient in the number of branches. Plant 1-35.00 branch, flower diameter 4.90 cm, number of flowers 33.81 Flower and the differences were not significant in other qualities. While the S1 treatment gave the highest vegetative growth rate and significantly exceeded S2 and S3 in all traits such as plant height 48.04 cm, number of branches 39.43, leaf plant-1, leaf number 45.40 leaf plant-1 and soft and dry weight of vegetative total 129.49 g and 10.78 g respectively, dry flower weight 0.62 g, flower diameter 5.58 cm, flower number 36.68 flower plant-1, while treatment S1 did not differ significantly from treatment S2 in the two dry weight classes of the root group gm-1 and the soft weight of the flowers cloud plant-1. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: The drying process is important for the quality and value of tea flower products. In the present work, the effects of different hot air drying (HAD) temperatures from 60 to 120 °C on drying kinetics, bioactive compounds (catechins, flavonol glycosides and triterpenoid saponins) and quality attributes (volatile compounds, colours and antioxidant properties) of tea flowers were systematically evaluated. The results showed that higher drying temperature resulted in a shorter drying time but with greater loss of bioactive compounds and quality attributes. Flowers subjected to HAD at 60 °C showed the highest bioactive contents and quality attributes of all HAD samples and the quality of HAD 60 °C samples were close to that of freeze‐dried samples. Taking account of the production efficiency and energy consumption, the tea flowers dried at 60 °C for 180 min was preferred. These findings provide a guide for the processing of tea flowers with the aim of improving the overall quality of the product. The effects of different hot air drying temperatures from 60 to120 °C on drying kinetics, bioactive compounds (catechins, flavonol glycosides, and triterpenoid saponins), and quality attributes (volatile compounds, colors, and antioxidant properties) of tea flowers were systematically evaluated, which showed a 60 °C drying temperature for tea flowers was preferred. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Natural dyes have been found a good substitute for hazardous synthetic dyes to protect environment because of its biodegradable nature and better compatibility with the environment. This study was conducted to standardize the extraction, mordanting and dyeing conditions for a dye source Nyctanthes arobortristis flowers, which result in improving their fastness characteristics and dye pick-up. The aim of the study was to make the dyeing process entirely eco-friendly. Dried flowers of Nyctanthes arobortristis was extracted in various solvents to find out suitable solvent for the dye. Selected solvent was used for further experimentation. Dyeing of cotton fabric was carried out using various conditions of pH, temperature and time period. Selected condition of dyeing was utilized for dyeing of long length of cotton fabric. Testing of fastness properties such as washing, light, perspiration and rubbing fastness were carried out for dyed fabric. Results of physical properties before and after dyeing were also compared. Results showed maximum optical density of the extract of Nyctanthes arobortristis flowers when extracted in aqueous medium, thus selected for further experimentation. Standard condition of dyeing was found as alkaline pH condition at 60 degree Celsius for a dyeing period of 90 minutes. Results of fastness properties of cotton fabric dyed with the dye extract exhibited excellent rubbing and light fastness, moderate to good washing and perspiration fastness. There was an increase in tensile strength and absorbency for the dyed samples as compared with undyed samples whereas decrease in tear strength was found. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Lucrari Stiintifice, Universitatea de Stiinte Agricole Si Medicina Veterinara Ion Ionescu de la Brad Iasi, Seria Horticultura is the property of University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine (Editura Ion Ionescu de la Brad) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

An investigation was carried out to explore and evaluate the weed flora to obtain dried ornamentals for making of dry flower products. Nine species of weeds viz., Dinebra arabica, Argyreia speciosa, Setaria verticillata, Dactyloctenium aegyptium, Cyperus rotundus, Celosia argentea, Digitaria sanguinalis, Echinochloa colonum and Eragrostis pilosa growing locally in the south Gujarat region were evaluated for the study. Either inflorescence or leaves of the weeds employing press drying method were evaluated for their dried ornamental value in the year 2015-2017. Among different weeds, maximum percent loss in weight after drying was observed in the leaves of Argyreia speciosa followed by the inflorescence of Echinochloa colonum after drying. No shattering was observed in the dried leaves of Argyreia speciosa and dried inflorescence of Celosia argentea and Cyperus rotundus while maximum shattering in the inflorescence was observed in the dried inflorescence of Echinochloa colonum. Maximum time taken for drying (5.87-6.1 days) was required in Argyreia speciosa (leaves) followed by inflorescence of Celosia argentea (4.3-4.41 days) and Setaria verticillata (4.3-4.37 days) in both the years and pooled data. Maximum shelf life after drying (more than 170 days) was observed in the dried leaves of Argyreia speciosa which was at par with dried inflorescence of Celosia argentea. Ornamental value was found to be the best in the dried leaves of Argyreia speciosa and dried inflorescence of Celosia argentea and Setaria verticillata with highest visual score of (5), followed by Echinochloa colonum and Eragrostis pilosa with 4 as visual score as observed in both the years. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It is supposed that plant functional foods, rich in phytochemicals, may potentially have preventive effects in carcinogenesis. In this study, the anticancer effects of cloves in the in vivo and in vitro mammary carcinoma model were assessed. Dried flower buds of cloves (CLOs) were used at two concentrations of 0.1% and 1% through diet during 13 weeks after the application of chemocarcinogen. After autopsy, histopathological and immunohistochemical analyses of rat mammary carcinomas were performed. Moreover, in vitro evaluation using MCF-7 cells was carried out. Dietary administered CLO caused the dose-dependent decrease in tumour frequency by 47.5% and 58.5% when compared to control. Analysis of carcinoma cells in animals showed bcl-2, Ki67, VEGFA, CD24 and CD44 expression decrease and Bax, caspase-3 and ALDH1 expression increase after high-dose CLO administration. MDA levels were substantially decreased in rat carcinomas in both CLO groups. The evaluation of histone modifications revealed increase in lysine trimethylations and acetylations (H4K20me3, H4K16ac) in carcinomas after CLO administration. TIMP3 promoter methylation levels of CpG3, CpG4, CpG5 islands were altered in treated cancer cells. An increase in total RASSF1A promoter methylation (three CpG sites) in CLO 1 group was found. In vitro studies showed antiproliferative and pro-apoptotic effects of CLO extract in MCF-7 cells (analyses of cytotoxicity, Brdu, cell cycle, annexin V/PI, caspase-7, Bcl-2 and mitochondrial membrane potential). This study showed a significant anticancer effect of clove buds in the mammary carcinoma model in vivo and in vitro. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Chemical investigations of the MeOH extract of air dried flowers of the Australian tree Angophora woodsiana (Myrtaceae) yielded two new β-triketones, woodsianones A and B ( 1 , 2 ) and nine known β-triketones ( 3 – 11 ). Woodsianone A is a β-triketone-sesquiterpene adduct and woodsianone B is a β-triketone epoxide derivative. The structures of the new and known compounds were elucidated from the analysis of 1D/2D NMR and MS data. The relative configurations of the compounds were determined from analysis of 1 H– 1 H coupling constants and ROESY correlations. All compounds ( 1 – 11 ) had antiplasmodial activity against the chloroquine sensitive strain 3D7. The known compound rhodomyrtone ( 5 ) and new compound woodsianone B ( 2 ) showed moderate antiplasmodial activities against the 3D7 strain (1.84 µM and 3.00 µM, respectively) and chloroquine resistant strain Dd2 (4.00 µM and 2.53 µM, respectively). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Syzygium aromaticum dried flower bud is widely used as a popular valued medicinal plant with a lot of biological functions. In order to investigate the germicidal efficacy of S. aromaticum dried flower bud, suspension quantitative germicidal test was carried out in the laboratory study. It was found that S. aromaticum dried flower bud showed an excellent antimicrobial effect in suspension exposed on Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538, Escherichia coli ATCC 8099, Bacillus subtilis ATCC 9372, Canidia albicans ATCC 10231, and Aspergillius niger ATCC 16404. Our results could provide an experimental basis for the selection of appropriate germicidal natural products isolated from S. aromaticum dried flower bud in industrial factories and research laboratories. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The composition of the essential oil obtained from the dried flowering aerial parts ofLamium albumL. (Lamiaceae) was analyzed by GC and GC-MS. Forty-three components have been identified in the essential oil ofL. album. The major compounds of the essential oil were 6,10,14-trimethyl-2-pentadecanone (10.2%) and 4-hydroxy-4-methyl-2-pentanone (9.1%). [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]