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5. Effects of sulfate modification of stoichiometric and lithium-rich LiNiO2 cathode materials.

Author

Dong, Bo, Poletayev, Andrey D., Cottom, Jonathon P., Castells-Gil, Javier, Spencer, Ben F., Li, Cheng, Zhu, Pengcheng, Chen, Yongxiu, Price, Jaime-Marie, Driscoll, Laura L., Allan, Phoebe K., Kendrick, Emma, Islam, M. Saiful, and Slater, Peter R.

Abstract

Lithium nickel oxide, LiNiO2, has attracted considerable interest as a high energy cathode for next generation lithium-ion batteries. Nevertheless, shortcomings such as significant cycling capacity decay and low stability in ambient atmosphere have hindered its practical application, and consequently most work has focused on the more stable Mn and Co doped analogues Li(Ni,Mn,Co)O2. Here, we report an investigation of an alternative strategy, sulfate modification, in the LiNiO2 system. We show that improved performance can be achieved, attributed to the dual effect of a low level of bulk doping and the presence of a self-passivation Li2SO4 layer formed beyond the solid solution limit. Ab initio simulations suggest that the behavior is similar to that of other high valent dopants such as W and Mo. These dual effects contribute to the improved air stability and enhanced electrochemical performance for the sulfate modified lithium-rich LiNiO2, leading to high initial capacities (∼245 mA h g−1 at 25 mA g−1, and ∼205 mA h g−1 at 100 mA g−1) and better capacity retention. Overall, the results show that polyanion modification represents an excellent alternative low-cost strategy to improve the performance of lithium nickel oxide cathode materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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9. Roadmap for a sustainable circular economy in lithium-ion and future battery technologies

Author

Harper, Gavin, primary, Anderson, Paul A, additional, Kendrick, Emma, additional, Mrozik, Wojciech, additional, Christensen, Paul, additional, Lambert, Simon, additional, Greenwood, David, additional, Das, Prodip K., additional, Ahmeid, Mohamed, additional, Milojevic, Zoran, additional, Du, Wenjia, additional, Brett, Dan J.L., additional, Shearing, Paul R., additional, Rastegarpanah, Alireza, additional, Solkin, Rustam, additional, Sommerville, Roberto, additional, Zorin, Anton, additional, Durham, Jessica L., additional, Abbott, Andy, additional, Thompson, Dana, additional, Browning, Nigel, additional, Mehdi, Layla, additional, Bahri, Mounib, additional, Schnaider-Tontini, Felipe, additional, Nicholls, D., additional, Stallmeister, Christin, additional, Friedrich, Bernd, additional, Sommerfeld, Marcus, additional, Driscoll, Laura L., additional, Jarvis, Abbey, additional, Giles, Emily C., additional, Slater, Peter R, additional, Echavarri-Bravo, Virginia, additional, Maddalena, Giovanni, additional, Horsfall, Louise, additional, Gaines, Linda, additional, Dai, Qiang, additional, Jethwa, Shiva J., additional, Lipson, Albert L., additional, Leeke, Gary A., additional, Cowell, Thomas D., additional, Farthing, Joseph Gresle, additional, Mariani, Greta, additional, Smith, Amy, additional, Iqbal, Zubera, additional, Golmohammadzadeh, Rabeeh, additional, Sweeney, Luke, additional, Goodship, Vanessa, additional, Li, Zheng, additional, Edge, Jacqueline Sophie, additional, Lander, Laura, additional, Nguyen-Tien, Viet, additional, Elliott, Robert J. R., additional, Heidrich, Oliver, additional, Slattery, Margaret, additional, Reed, Daniel, additional, Ahuja, Jyoti, additional, Cavoski, Aleksandra, additional, Lee, Robert, additional, Driscoll, Elizabeth, additional, Baker, Jenny, additional, Littlewood, Peter B., additional, Styles, Iain, additional, Mahanty, Sampriti, additional, and Boons, Frank, additional

Published
2022
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12. Roadmap for a sustainable circular economy in lithium-ion and future battery technologies

Author

Harper, Gavin D.J., Kendrick, Emma, Anderson, Paul A., Mrozik, Wojciech, Christensen, Paul, Lambert, Simon, Greenwood, David, Das, Prodip K., Ahmeid, Mohamed, Milojevic, Zoran, Du, Wenjia, Brett, Dan J.L., Shearing, Paul R., Rastegarpanah, Alireza, Stolkin, Rustam, Sommerville, Roberto, Zorin, Anton, Durham, Jessica L., Abbott, Andrew P., Thompson, Dana, Browning, Nigel D., Mehdi, B. Layla, Bahri, Mounib, Schanider-Tontini, Felipe, Nicholls, D., Stallmeister, Christin, Friedrich, Bernd, Sommerfeld, Marcus, Driscoll, Laura L., Jarvis, Abbey, Giles, Emily C., Slater, Peter R., Echavarri-Bravo, Virginia, Maddalena, Giovanni, Horsfall, Louise E., Gaines, Linda, Dai, Qiang, Jethwa, Shiva J., Lipson, Albert L., Leeke, Gary A., Cowell, Thomas, Farthing, Joseph Gresle, Mariani, Greta, Smith, Amy, Iqbal, Zubera, Golmohammadzadeh, Rabeeh, Sweeney, Luke, Goodship, Vannessa, Li, Zheng, Edge, Jacqueline, Lander, Laura, Nguyen, Viet Tien, Elliot, Robert J.R., Heidrich, Oliver, Slattery, Margaret, Reed, Daniel, Ahuja, Jyoti, Cavoski, Aleksandra, Lee, Robert, Driscoll, Elizabeth, Baker, Jen, Littlewood, Peter, Styles, Iain, Mahanty, Sampriti, Boons, Frank, Harper, Gavin D.J., Kendrick, Emma, Anderson, Paul A., Mrozik, Wojciech, Christensen, Paul, Lambert, Simon, Greenwood, David, Das, Prodip K., Ahmeid, Mohamed, Milojevic, Zoran, Du, Wenjia, Brett, Dan J.L., Shearing, Paul R., Rastegarpanah, Alireza, Stolkin, Rustam, Sommerville, Roberto, Zorin, Anton, Durham, Jessica L., Abbott, Andrew P., Thompson, Dana, Browning, Nigel D., Mehdi, B. Layla, Bahri, Mounib, Schanider-Tontini, Felipe, Nicholls, D., Stallmeister, Christin, Friedrich, Bernd, Sommerfeld, Marcus, Driscoll, Laura L., Jarvis, Abbey, Giles, Emily C., Slater, Peter R., Echavarri-Bravo, Virginia, Maddalena, Giovanni, Horsfall, Louise E., Gaines, Linda, Dai, Qiang, Jethwa, Shiva J., Lipson, Albert L., Leeke, Gary A., Cowell, Thomas, Farthing, Joseph Gresle, Mariani, Greta, Smith, Amy, Iqbal, Zubera, Golmohammadzadeh, Rabeeh, Sweeney, Luke, Goodship, Vannessa, Li, Zheng, Edge, Jacqueline, Lander, Laura, Nguyen, Viet Tien, Elliot, Robert J.R., Heidrich, Oliver, Slattery, Margaret, Reed, Daniel, Ahuja, Jyoti, Cavoski, Aleksandra, Lee, Robert, Driscoll, Elizabeth, Baker, Jen, Littlewood, Peter, Styles, Iain, Mahanty, Sampriti, and Boons, Frank

Abstract

The market dynamics, and their impact on a future circular economy for lithium-ion batteries (LIB), are presented in this roadmap, with safety as an integral consideration throughout the life cycle. At the point of end-of-life, there is a range of potential options – remanufacturing, reuse and recycling. Diagnostics play a significant role in evaluating the state of health and condition of batteries, and improvements to diagnostic techniques are evaluated. At present, manual disassembly dominates end-of-life disposal, however, given the volumes of future batteries that are to be anticipated, automated approaches to the dismantling of end-of-life battery packs will be key. The first stage in recycling after the removal of the cells is the initial cell-breaking or opening step. Approaches to this are reviewed, contrasting shredding and cell disassembly as two alternative approaches. Design for recycling is one approach that could assist in easier disassembly of cells, and new approaches to cell design that could enable the circular economy of LIBs are reviewed. After disassembly, subsequent separation of the black mass is performed before further concentration of components. There are a plethora of alternative approaches for recovering materials; this roadmap sets out the future directions for a range of approaches including pyrometallurgy, hydrometallurgy, short-loop, direct, and the biological recovery of LIB materials. Furthermore, anode, lithium, electrolyte, binder and plastics recovery are considered in the range of approaches in order to maximise the proportion of materials recovered, minimise waste and point the way towards zero-waste recycling. The life-cycle implications of a circular economy are discussed considering the overall system of LIB recycling, and also directly investigating the different recycling methods. The legal and regulatory perspectives are also considered. Finally, with a view to the future, approaches for next-generation battery chemistr

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